The anti-inflammatory properties of silkworm pupa peptide(SPP)have been recognized for their potential benefits in colitis treatment.However,the underlying mechanism of SPP in colitis animal models remains unclear.The...The anti-inflammatory properties of silkworm pupa peptide(SPP)have been recognized for their potential benefits in colitis treatment.However,the underlying mechanism of SPP in colitis animal models remains unclear.The objective of our work was to investigate the improving effect and the mechanism of action of SPP on a mouse model of dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced colitis.The findings suggested that SPP effectively eased ulcerative colitis(UC)symptoms in mice by decreasing disease activity index,ameliorating histopathological injury,and decreasing serum and colonic markers of inflammation.In addition,our research findings demonstrated that SPP restored intestinal barrier function by increasing the production of tight junction proteins such as zonula occludens-1(ZO-1),claudin-1,claudin-3,occludin,and adherens junction protein E-cadherin1.Further,SPP supplementation enhanced the concentration of short-chain fatty acids and positively altered the makeup of the gut bacteria in the mice's gut.These findings underscore SPP's ability to slow the progression of colitis and point to its possible use as a functional component in dietary supplements for the prevention of early-stage colitis.展开更多
[ Objective] The experiment aimed to explore the diapause mechanism of Papilio memnon L. further. [ Method] The colorimetry method was used to detect protein content of non-diapause pupae, diapause pupae and eclosion-...[ Objective] The experiment aimed to explore the diapause mechanism of Papilio memnon L. further. [ Method] The colorimetry method was used to detect protein content of non-diapause pupae, diapause pupae and eclosion-adult from diapause pupae at different developmental stages. [Result] It was showed that the protein content of non-diapause pupae was from 111.768 to 115.030 7 mg/g and the change of protein content during whole pupal stage, while diapause pupae were from 81.218 to 131.623 7 mg/g and the change of protein content was not big from last ten-day period of October to last ten-day pariod of November, however, the content increased from the last ten-day period of November. The protein content of emerging adult was 296.969 3 mg/g. [Conclusion] The change of protein content was related to Papilio memnon at different development stage.展开更多
[Objective] The aim of this study was to provide basis for deeply understanding the diapause mechanism of Papilio memnon L. [Method] RNA and DNA content of non-diapause pupae, diapause pupae and eclosion-adult from di...[Objective] The aim of this study was to provide basis for deeply understanding the diapause mechanism of Papilio memnon L. [Method] RNA and DNA content of non-diapause pupae, diapause pupae and eclosion-adult from diapause pupae at different development stages were detected by the colorimetry. [Result] RNA content of non-diapause pupae was 4.614 0-7.946 3 μg/mg, while diapause pupae was 4.326 0-5.885 3 μg/mg and eclosion-adult from diapause pupae was 20.779 3 μg/mg at initial stage. DNA content of non-diapause pupae was 0.448 7-0.535 0 μg/mg, while diapause pupae was 0.452 0-0.828 3 μg/mg and eclosion-adult from diapause pupae was 1.727 0 μg/mg at initial stage. [Conclusion] The nucleic acid content and change is related to the development stage.展开更多
Silkworm pupa is a nourishing food with high nutritional value,but its consumption has been greatly limited given its allergenicity.Enzyme hydrolytic technique is recognized as an effective method to reduce the allerg...Silkworm pupa is a nourishing food with high nutritional value,but its consumption has been greatly limited given its allergenicity.Enzyme hydrolytic technique is recognized as an effective method to reduce the allergenicity of protein.In this study,we aimed to investigate the effect of enzymolysis on the allergenicity of silkworm pupa.Crude silkworm pupa protein was extracted through alkali extraction and acid precipitation,which included 5 proteins with the molecular weights ranging from 34 kDa to 76 kDa,and silkworm pupa were then hydrolyzed by alkaline protease.The allergenicity of silkworm pupa protein and its enzymatic hydrolysates was evaluated by establishing BALB/c mice model,and the mice were immunized via intragastric gavage and intraperitoneal injection,respectively.The results indicated that the intraperitoneal inj ection immunization route induced more by detecting with antibodies,histamine and Th2-related cytokines.Moreover,mice treated with silkworm pupa protein peptide displayed no obvious allergic symptoms,indicating that enzyme hydrolytic technique could significantly reduce the allergenicity of silkworm pupa.展开更多
[ Objective ] The research aimed to study the pupa changes and emergence behaviors of Dacne picta Crotch. [ Method ] The D. p/cta reared in the labo- ratory were observed and recorded. [ Result ] Before the emergence,...[ Objective ] The research aimed to study the pupa changes and emergence behaviors of Dacne picta Crotch. [ Method ] The D. p/cta reared in the labo- ratory were observed and recorded. [ Result ] Before the emergence, the color of compound eyes, maxillae, tarsi and wing pads d pupae was gradually deepened. The 14^th- 16^th d after pupation were the peak time for emergence, and the ratio of female to male was close to 1： 0.77. During the emergence, the puparium of D. picta dehisced from pronotum, and the hind wing had extension phenomenon before contraction and folding. [ Conclusion] The research confirmed the pupa changes and the emergence behaviors of D. picta.展开更多
In order to understand the occurrence and the developmental regularity of seabuckthorn carpenterworm (Holcocerus hippophaecolus) and predict its population density, the developmental threshold temperature (C) and effe...In order to understand the occurrence and the developmental regularity of seabuckthorn carpenterworm (Holcocerus hippophaecolus) and predict its population density, the developmental threshold temperature (C) and effective accumulative tem- perature (K) of the carpenterworm pupae and eggs were analyzed under the conditions of constant and variable temperatures. The results show that the values of C and K of the carpenterworm pupae are (12.1 ± 0.2) °C and (295.2 ± 4.1) day-degrees at constant temperatures, and (15.5 ± 0.4) °C and (202.4 ± 13.1) day-degrees at variable temperatures. However, the values of C and K of the eggs at variable temperatures are (16.7 ± 0.8) °C and (101.5 ± 12.6) day-degrees. The differences of developmental threshold and effective accumulative temperature under the conditions of constant and variable temperatures of the carpenterworm pupae accord with the developmental regularity of most insects in nature. By comparing five different constant temperatures, the conclusion is that the optimum developmental temperature of the pupae is 21 °C when both the pupation of the mature larvae and the eclosion of the pupae are very accordant. Moreover, the percentage of eclosion is over 90%. The average developmental durations of the carpenter- worm pupae and eggs are 31 and 16 d at variable temperatures.展开更多
Peptide hydrolysates of silkworm pupae protein with molecular weight of less than 5000 Da were prepared by ultrafiltration. The extracted peptide hydrolysates of silkworm pupae protein had inhibitory action on angiote...Peptide hydrolysates of silkworm pupae protein with molecular weight of less than 5000 Da were prepared by ultrafiltration. The extracted peptide hydrolysates of silkworm pupae protein had inhibitory action on angiotensin-I-converting enzyme activity in vitro. The hydrolysates were orally administered to spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) in one period and long-term (four weeks). The results showed that the systolic blood pressure (SBP) of the treatment groups decreased in a dose-related manner. After one oral administration of silkworm protein hydrolysates with doses of 60, 20 and 5 mg/kg, the SBP of SHR decreased by 21.5, 13.8, and 9.0 mmHg in 1.5 h. After four weeks of the treatment in 80 mg/kg, the SBP decreased by 25 mmHg, with the antihypertensive activity close to 4 mg/kg of captopril;the SBP of the 40 mg/kg dose group also decreased by 17.5 mmHg. The peptide hydrolysate did not affect the SBP in normal, non-hypertensive rats in one period and long-term treatments. The acute toxicity research showed that the peptide hydrolysates were safe and without side effects. This research would be helpful in exploring the silkworm protein peptides as functional components for the antihypertension treatment.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the effects of silkworm pupa(Bombyx mori) protein(SPP) on cell proliferation,apoptosis and energy metabolism in human colon cancer cells DLD-1.Methods:CCK-8 was used to detect cell proliferati...Objective:To investigate the effects of silkworm pupa(Bombyx mori) protein(SPP) on cell proliferation,apoptosis and energy metabolism in human colon cancer cells DLD-1.Methods:CCK-8 was used to detect cell proliferation rate after 72 h of cell culture for the control group(normal cultured DLD-1 cells) and SPP dose groups;Annexin-V/PI was applied to observe cell apoptosis;XFe24 Extracellular Flux Analyzer was used to detect cell mitochondrial respiratory function and glycolytic function.Results:Comparing with the control,SPP significantly inhibited the proliferation of DLD-1 cells with all the dosage tested(P <0.01);flow cytometry showed that SPP significantly promoted apoptosis(P<0.05).Additionally,SPP could significantly inhibited mitochondrial metabolism and glycolysis of DLD-1 cells and decreased cell energy metabolism in all groups treated with different doses.Conclusion:SPP can cause oxidative damage,promote apoptosis,and reduce mitochondrial respiratory and glycolysis rate in colon cancer DLD-1 cells,which reveals that SPP has the potential to serve as the anti-cancer drugs in the future,but further experimental evidence is needed.展开更多
The effects of sublethal doses （LD10：1.00 ng larval-1; LD30： 3.75 ng larva-1） of chlorfluazuron on number and size of developmental spermatocytes in pupal-testis during spermatogenesis of the common cutworm, Spodo...The effects of sublethal doses （LD10：1.00 ng larval-1; LD30： 3.75 ng larva-1） of chlorfluazuron on number and size of developmental spermatocytes in pupal-testis during spermatogenesis of the common cutworm, Spodoptera litura （F.） are described. Chlorfluazuron was applied topically to newly-ecdysed fifth-instar larvae of S. litura under laboratory conditions. During first day of pupation, spermatids were the highest （3,430 ± 7）, however, elongated spermatocytes with mature sperm were the lowest （292 ± 16） in number in pupal-testis compared with other developing spermatocytes. During last day of pupation, elongated spermatocytes with mature sperm were the highest （3,581 ± 3）, however, spermatogonia were the lowest （86± 4） in number in pupal-testis compared with other developing spermatocytes. The number of spermatogonia, primary and secondary spermatocytes, spermatids and elongated cysts with mature sperm were increased during pupal-developmental days in the controls. However, their numbers were significantly reduced in LD10- and even more significantly reduced in LD30-treated pupal-testis compared with controls. Moreover, eupyrene sperm bundles were not present in pupal-testis. During pupal-developmental days, spermatids were the smallest （4.1 ± 0.9 dm in μm） and secondary spermatocytes were the largest （31.0 ± 1.8 dm in μm） in size compared with other developing spermatocytes. The sizes of the same developing spermatocytes were significantly reduced in LD10-treated and more significantly reduced in LD30-treated pupal-testis of S. litura compared with controls.展开更多
Substitution of silkworm pupae （Bombyx mori） for fish meal in broodstock diets for snakeskin gourami （Trichogaster pectoralis） was conducted in order to evaluate the effect of silkworm pupae on feed digestibility ...Substitution of silkworm pupae （Bombyx mori） for fish meal in broodstock diets for snakeskin gourami （Trichogaster pectoralis） was conducted in order to evaluate the effect of silkworm pupae on feed digestibility and broodstock performance. Snakeskin gourami broodfish were fed with isocaloric diets （DE 3,000 a： 50 Kcal/kg） contained 32% crude protein. The levels of substitution were 0%, 50%, 75% and 100% of protein from fish meal （equal to 0%, 14.57%, 21.75% and 29.03% silk worm by weight）. The study was assigned in CRD with 4 treatments and 3 replications. Six hundred of snakeskin gourami with five-month old and average weight of 78.67 ± 2.15 g in female and average weight of 73.00 ± 2.49 g in male were stocked in 12 cages. Fifty fishes of 25 females and 25 males were reared in each cage and fed experimental diet for five months. The result indicated that protein digestibility of test diets were significantly decrease （P 〈 0.05） according to the level of silkworm pupae in diets where as the dry matter digestibility showed no significantly different （P 〉 0.05）. The growth performance and egg fecundity were significantly decreased （P 〈 0.05） according to the levels of silkworm pupae. In contrast, egg quality in term of fry number on first spawned, fingering number on first spawned were not significantly different （P 〉 0.05）. The survival rate of one month nursing fish on first spawned were significantly different （P 〈 0.05）. Hence, silkworm pupae could substitution for 50% of protein from fish meal （14.57% by weight） in snakeskin gourami broodstock diets without any adverse effect on egg quality.展开更多
A novel protein was isolated and characterized in selenium-rich silkworm pupas. The peptide mass fingerprint of the protein was found to be new. Partial amino acid sequencing also confn-med to be a new protein. The no...A novel protein was isolated and characterized in selenium-rich silkworm pupas. The peptide mass fingerprint of the protein was found to be new. Partial amino acid sequencing also confn-med to be a new protein. The novel protein had a molecular mass of about 80 kDa in the SDS-PAGE.展开更多
The production performance of broilers fed with silkworm pupa （Bombyx mori） was studied by focusing on growth, feed utilization, carcass composition and meat quality. There were two difference sources of silkworm p...The production performance of broilers fed with silkworm pupa （Bombyx mori） was studied by focusing on growth, feed utilization, carcass composition and meat quality. There were two difference sources of silkworm pupa： （1） silkworm pupa from spun silk industry （SSP） and （2） silkworm pupa from silk yam reeling industry （RSP） were mixed into five isonitrogenous （20% CP） and isocaloric （ME = 3,150 kcal/kg feed） diet. The 195 chickens at three weeks old were equally distributed to 15 pens in the closed housing. The experiment was divided into five dietary treatments （three replications each）： treatment 1 （10% fishmeal, FM and 0% silkworm pupae） （control））, treatment 2 （0% FM and 10% SSP）, treatment 3 （0% FM and 20% SSP）, treatment 4 （0% FM and 5% SSP ＋ 5% RSP）, and treatment 5 （0% FM and 10% SSP ＋ 10% RSP）. Daily weight gain was 0.069, 0.060, 0.051, 0.065 and 0.061 kg/chick in treatments 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, respectively. It is indicated that replacing fishmeal with silkworm pupa （5%SSP ＋ 5%RSP） performed the same daily weight gain as control but exhibited the higher feed conversion ratio （1.87） than control （1.68）. Carcass muscle of control treatment 1 （58.26%） was the highest （P 〈 0.05） and closed to treatment 4 and 5 （57.62% and 57.83%, respectively）. Sensory evaluation was not significantly differences （P 〉 0.05）. Therefore, treatment 4 （5%SSP ＋ 5%RSP） could be substituted FM with little adverse effect on broiler growth but without any adverse effect on percentage of muscle and sensory test. However, further supplemental silkworm pupa performed reduction in dietary utilization and carcass muscle.展开更多
The productive performance of giant freshwater prawn （Macrobrachium rosenbergii de Man） fed diet containing silkworm pupae （Bombyx mori） replacing for fish meal was conducted by focusing on digestibility, growth p...The productive performance of giant freshwater prawn （Macrobrachium rosenbergii de Man） fed diet containing silkworm pupae （Bombyx mori） replacing for fish meal was conducted by focusing on digestibility, growth performance and feed utilization. Five diets of an isonitrogenous of 35 ：e 1% crude protein and isocaloric of digestible energy of 3,200 ±100 kcal/kg were formulated by using silkworm pupae, 0%, 8.6%, 17.2%, 25.8% and 34.7% by weight, replaced for fish meal. Giant freshwater prawn of 19 ± 2.0 g were stocked at 5 ind./m3 in concrete tank of 2.25 ton for three months. The protein digestibility by pepsin enzyme was evaluated in fish meal, silkworm pupae, soybean meal and shrimp meal. The digestibility was significantly difference （P 〈 0.05）. The protein digestibility of fishmeal and soybean meal was higher than silkworm pupae and shrimp meal. The productive performance of prawn in terms of growth rate and feed utilization were not significantly different （P 〉 0.05）. Therefore, silkworm pupae can be replaced for fishmeal in giant freshwater prawn （Macrobrachium rosenbergii de Man） without any adverse effects on productive performance.展开更多
Spent silk worm pupae ofAntheraea assama were analyzed for its amino acid constituents and compared with the amino acid composition of fiber from A. assama, A. pyrni, and Bombyx mori. Amino acid percent was determined...Spent silk worm pupae ofAntheraea assama were analyzed for its amino acid constituents and compared with the amino acid composition of fiber from A. assama, A. pyrni, and Bombyx mori. Amino acid percent was determined by UV Spectrophotometer at 570 nm. Infra Red spectra recorded the presence of different amino acids in the spent silk worm pupae powder which corroborate with the amino acids present in the fiber of different silk species.展开更多
This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of plant extracts Artemisia herba-alba, Matricharia chamomella, and Melia azedarach against the Culex quinquefasciatus. The following concentrations were used to assess th...This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of plant extracts Artemisia herba-alba, Matricharia chamomella, and Melia azedarach against the Culex quinquefasciatus. The following concentrations were used to assess the effectiveness ofA. herba-alba, M. chamomella, and M. azedarach： 0.50, 1.00, 1.50, 2.00, 2.50 and 3.00 mg/L; 0.12, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00 and 1.50 mg/L and 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, 1.50, 1.75 and 2.00 mg/L, respectively. The mortality rates of the mosquito pupae were measured after 24 hours. It was found that the LCso was 0.50, 1.00 and 1.80 mg/L of M. chamomile, M. azedarach, and A. herab-alba respectively which mean that M. chamomella extracts had the best pesticide effects against Cx. Quinquefasciatus pupae where was A. herba-alba the lower of them.展开更多
Many extant species spin cocoons before their pupal stage,which can protect them from predators,pathogens,and fluctuant environmental factors in nests.However,owing to the scarcity of ant cocoon fossils,little is know...Many extant species spin cocoons before their pupal stage,which can protect them from predators,pathogens,and fluctuant environmental factors in nests.However,owing to the scarcity of ant cocoon fossils,little is known about the origin and evolution of this behavior in Formicidae.Here,we describe two ant pupae specimens from Myanmar amber.The presence of cocoons in these Mesozoic fossils suggests the ancestral origin of spinning cocoon behavior;based on our phylogenetic analysis and ancestral state reconstruction,this behavior was secondarily lost at least six times in Formicidae,which could be ascribed to the transition of nesting and feeding habits,as well as the development of eusociality.Moreover,the first specimen preserved worker ants with empty cocoons simultaneously,indicating garbage removal or brood care behavior,which improves our understanding of their eusociality in the Cretaceous.展开更多
Silkworm pupa protein(SPP)that obtained by traditional method usually had a high fat content,which would impose restrictions on the further use of SPP.Herein,various functionalized ionic liquids(ILs)were used to extra...Silkworm pupa protein(SPP)that obtained by traditional method usually had a high fat content,which would impose restrictions on the further use of SPP.Herein,various functionalized ionic liquids(ILs)were used to extract SPP from silkworm pupae,the structure-performance relationship of ILs with their SPP separation performance were explored at the same time.The research showed that the maximum extraction yield of SPP was up to 62.6%with less than 0.5%low fat content by using 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride([Emim]Cl),when the dissolution experiment was conducted at 90°C for 24 h with ethanol bath as the regeneration solvent.Comparing with the structure of raw material,the regenerated SPP maintained the native protein backbone.Meanwhile,all regenerated SPP showed a decreased crystallinity,which also exhibited decreased fraction of theα-helix comparing to thatβ-sheet united with coil random structures.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFF1103802)。
文摘The anti-inflammatory properties of silkworm pupa peptide(SPP)have been recognized for their potential benefits in colitis treatment.However,the underlying mechanism of SPP in colitis animal models remains unclear.The objective of our work was to investigate the improving effect and the mechanism of action of SPP on a mouse model of dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced colitis.The findings suggested that SPP effectively eased ulcerative colitis(UC)symptoms in mice by decreasing disease activity index,ameliorating histopathological injury,and decreasing serum and colonic markers of inflammation.In addition,our research findings demonstrated that SPP restored intestinal barrier function by increasing the production of tight junction proteins such as zonula occludens-1(ZO-1),claudin-1,claudin-3,occludin,and adherens junction protein E-cadherin1.Further,SPP supplementation enhanced the concentration of short-chain fatty acids and positively altered the makeup of the gut bacteria in the mice's gut.These findings underscore SPP's ability to slow the progression of colitis and point to its possible use as a functional component in dietary supplements for the prevention of early-stage colitis.
文摘[ Objective] The experiment aimed to explore the diapause mechanism of Papilio memnon L. further. [ Method] The colorimetry method was used to detect protein content of non-diapause pupae, diapause pupae and eclosion-adult from diapause pupae at different developmental stages. [Result] It was showed that the protein content of non-diapause pupae was from 111.768 to 115.030 7 mg/g and the change of protein content during whole pupal stage, while diapause pupae were from 81.218 to 131.623 7 mg/g and the change of protein content was not big from last ten-day period of October to last ten-day pariod of November, however, the content increased from the last ten-day period of November. The protein content of emerging adult was 296.969 3 mg/g. [Conclusion] The change of protein content was related to Papilio memnon at different development stage.
基金Supported by the International Advanced Forestry Science and Technology Project Imported by State Forestry Administration (2005-4-59 and 2008-4-68)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim of this study was to provide basis for deeply understanding the diapause mechanism of Papilio memnon L. [Method] RNA and DNA content of non-diapause pupae, diapause pupae and eclosion-adult from diapause pupae at different development stages were detected by the colorimetry. [Result] RNA content of non-diapause pupae was 4.614 0-7.946 3 μg/mg, while diapause pupae was 4.326 0-5.885 3 μg/mg and eclosion-adult from diapause pupae was 20.779 3 μg/mg at initial stage. DNA content of non-diapause pupae was 0.448 7-0.535 0 μg/mg, while diapause pupae was 0.452 0-0.828 3 μg/mg and eclosion-adult from diapause pupae was 1.727 0 μg/mg at initial stage. [Conclusion] The nucleic acid content and change is related to the development stage.
基金supported by Special Project on the Integration of Industry,Education and Research of Guangdong Provine(2013B090600060)National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFC1604205)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31760431)。
文摘Silkworm pupa is a nourishing food with high nutritional value,but its consumption has been greatly limited given its allergenicity.Enzyme hydrolytic technique is recognized as an effective method to reduce the allergenicity of protein.In this study,we aimed to investigate the effect of enzymolysis on the allergenicity of silkworm pupa.Crude silkworm pupa protein was extracted through alkali extraction and acid precipitation,which included 5 proteins with the molecular weights ranging from 34 kDa to 76 kDa,and silkworm pupa were then hydrolyzed by alkaline protease.The allergenicity of silkworm pupa protein and its enzymatic hydrolysates was evaluated by establishing BALB/c mice model,and the mice were immunized via intragastric gavage and intraperitoneal injection,respectively.The results indicated that the intraperitoneal inj ection immunization route induced more by detecting with antibodies,histamine and Th2-related cytokines.Moreover,mice treated with silkworm pupa protein peptide displayed no obvious allergic symptoms,indicating that enzyme hydrolytic technique could significantly reduce the allergenicity of silkworm pupa.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(C2010000705)Dr.Start Funds in Hebei Agricultural University~~
文摘[ Objective ] The research aimed to study the pupa changes and emergence behaviors of Dacne picta Crotch. [ Method ] The D. p/cta reared in the labo- ratory were observed and recorded. [ Result ] Before the emergence, the color of compound eyes, maxillae, tarsi and wing pads d pupae was gradually deepened. The 14^th- 16^th d after pupation were the peak time for emergence, and the ratio of female to male was close to 1： 0.77. During the emergence, the puparium of D. picta dehisced from pronotum, and the hind wing had extension phenomenon before contraction and folding. [ Conclusion] The research confirmed the pupa changes and the emergence behaviors of D. picta.
文摘In order to understand the occurrence and the developmental regularity of seabuckthorn carpenterworm (Holcocerus hippophaecolus) and predict its population density, the developmental threshold temperature (C) and effective accumulative tem- perature (K) of the carpenterworm pupae and eggs were analyzed under the conditions of constant and variable temperatures. The results show that the values of C and K of the carpenterworm pupae are (12.1 ± 0.2) °C and (295.2 ± 4.1) day-degrees at constant temperatures, and (15.5 ± 0.4) °C and (202.4 ± 13.1) day-degrees at variable temperatures. However, the values of C and K of the eggs at variable temperatures are (16.7 ± 0.8) °C and (101.5 ± 12.6) day-degrees. The differences of developmental threshold and effective accumulative temperature under the conditions of constant and variable temperatures of the carpenterworm pupae accord with the developmental regularity of most insects in nature. By comparing five different constant temperatures, the conclusion is that the optimum developmental temperature of the pupae is 21 °C when both the pupation of the mature larvae and the eclosion of the pupae are very accordant. Moreover, the percentage of eclosion is over 90%. The average developmental durations of the carpenter- worm pupae and eggs are 31 and 16 d at variable temperatures.
文摘Peptide hydrolysates of silkworm pupae protein with molecular weight of less than 5000 Da were prepared by ultrafiltration. The extracted peptide hydrolysates of silkworm pupae protein had inhibitory action on angiotensin-I-converting enzyme activity in vitro. The hydrolysates were orally administered to spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) in one period and long-term (four weeks). The results showed that the systolic blood pressure (SBP) of the treatment groups decreased in a dose-related manner. After one oral administration of silkworm protein hydrolysates with doses of 60, 20 and 5 mg/kg, the SBP of SHR decreased by 21.5, 13.8, and 9.0 mmHg in 1.5 h. After four weeks of the treatment in 80 mg/kg, the SBP decreased by 25 mmHg, with the antihypertensive activity close to 4 mg/kg of captopril;the SBP of the 40 mg/kg dose group also decreased by 17.5 mmHg. The peptide hydrolysate did not affect the SBP in normal, non-hypertensive rats in one period and long-term treatments. The acute toxicity research showed that the peptide hydrolysates were safe and without side effects. This research would be helpful in exploring the silkworm protein peptides as functional components for the antihypertension treatment.
文摘Objective:To investigate the effects of silkworm pupa(Bombyx mori) protein(SPP) on cell proliferation,apoptosis and energy metabolism in human colon cancer cells DLD-1.Methods:CCK-8 was used to detect cell proliferation rate after 72 h of cell culture for the control group(normal cultured DLD-1 cells) and SPP dose groups;Annexin-V/PI was applied to observe cell apoptosis;XFe24 Extracellular Flux Analyzer was used to detect cell mitochondrial respiratory function and glycolytic function.Results:Comparing with the control,SPP significantly inhibited the proliferation of DLD-1 cells with all the dosage tested(P <0.01);flow cytometry showed that SPP significantly promoted apoptosis(P<0.05).Additionally,SPP could significantly inhibited mitochondrial metabolism and glycolysis of DLD-1 cells and decreased cell energy metabolism in all groups treated with different doses.Conclusion:SPP can cause oxidative damage,promote apoptosis,and reduce mitochondrial respiratory and glycolysis rate in colon cancer DLD-1 cells,which reveals that SPP has the potential to serve as the anti-cancer drugs in the future,but further experimental evidence is needed.
文摘The effects of sublethal doses （LD10：1.00 ng larval-1; LD30： 3.75 ng larva-1） of chlorfluazuron on number and size of developmental spermatocytes in pupal-testis during spermatogenesis of the common cutworm, Spodoptera litura （F.） are described. Chlorfluazuron was applied topically to newly-ecdysed fifth-instar larvae of S. litura under laboratory conditions. During first day of pupation, spermatids were the highest （3,430 ± 7）, however, elongated spermatocytes with mature sperm were the lowest （292 ± 16） in number in pupal-testis compared with other developing spermatocytes. During last day of pupation, elongated spermatocytes with mature sperm were the highest （3,581 ± 3）, however, spermatogonia were the lowest （86± 4） in number in pupal-testis compared with other developing spermatocytes. The number of spermatogonia, primary and secondary spermatocytes, spermatids and elongated cysts with mature sperm were increased during pupal-developmental days in the controls. However, their numbers were significantly reduced in LD10- and even more significantly reduced in LD30-treated pupal-testis compared with controls. Moreover, eupyrene sperm bundles were not present in pupal-testis. During pupal-developmental days, spermatids were the smallest （4.1 ± 0.9 dm in μm） and secondary spermatocytes were the largest （31.0 ± 1.8 dm in μm） in size compared with other developing spermatocytes. The sizes of the same developing spermatocytes were significantly reduced in LD10-treated and more significantly reduced in LD30-treated pupal-testis of S. litura compared with controls.
文摘Substitution of silkworm pupae （Bombyx mori） for fish meal in broodstock diets for snakeskin gourami （Trichogaster pectoralis） was conducted in order to evaluate the effect of silkworm pupae on feed digestibility and broodstock performance. Snakeskin gourami broodfish were fed with isocaloric diets （DE 3,000 a： 50 Kcal/kg） contained 32% crude protein. The levels of substitution were 0%, 50%, 75% and 100% of protein from fish meal （equal to 0%, 14.57%, 21.75% and 29.03% silk worm by weight）. The study was assigned in CRD with 4 treatments and 3 replications. Six hundred of snakeskin gourami with five-month old and average weight of 78.67 ± 2.15 g in female and average weight of 73.00 ± 2.49 g in male were stocked in 12 cages. Fifty fishes of 25 females and 25 males were reared in each cage and fed experimental diet for five months. The result indicated that protein digestibility of test diets were significantly decrease （P 〈 0.05） according to the level of silkworm pupae in diets where as the dry matter digestibility showed no significantly different （P 〉 0.05）. The growth performance and egg fecundity were significantly decreased （P 〈 0.05） according to the levels of silkworm pupae. In contrast, egg quality in term of fry number on first spawned, fingering number on first spawned were not significantly different （P 〉 0.05）. The survival rate of one month nursing fish on first spawned were significantly different （P 〈 0.05）. Hence, silkworm pupae could substitution for 50% of protein from fish meal （14.57% by weight） in snakeskin gourami broodstock diets without any adverse effect on egg quality.
基金This work was fmancially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30370352)the Project for Excellent Young Teacher(No.40,2002)from the Minis of Education,China.
文摘A novel protein was isolated and characterized in selenium-rich silkworm pupas. The peptide mass fingerprint of the protein was found to be new. Partial amino acid sequencing also confn-med to be a new protein. The novel protein had a molecular mass of about 80 kDa in the SDS-PAGE.
文摘The production performance of broilers fed with silkworm pupa （Bombyx mori） was studied by focusing on growth, feed utilization, carcass composition and meat quality. There were two difference sources of silkworm pupa： （1） silkworm pupa from spun silk industry （SSP） and （2） silkworm pupa from silk yam reeling industry （RSP） were mixed into five isonitrogenous （20% CP） and isocaloric （ME = 3,150 kcal/kg feed） diet. The 195 chickens at three weeks old were equally distributed to 15 pens in the closed housing. The experiment was divided into five dietary treatments （three replications each）： treatment 1 （10% fishmeal, FM and 0% silkworm pupae） （control））, treatment 2 （0% FM and 10% SSP）, treatment 3 （0% FM and 20% SSP）, treatment 4 （0% FM and 5% SSP ＋ 5% RSP）, and treatment 5 （0% FM and 10% SSP ＋ 10% RSP）. Daily weight gain was 0.069, 0.060, 0.051, 0.065 and 0.061 kg/chick in treatments 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, respectively. It is indicated that replacing fishmeal with silkworm pupa （5%SSP ＋ 5%RSP） performed the same daily weight gain as control but exhibited the higher feed conversion ratio （1.87） than control （1.68）. Carcass muscle of control treatment 1 （58.26%） was the highest （P 〈 0.05） and closed to treatment 4 and 5 （57.62% and 57.83%, respectively）. Sensory evaluation was not significantly differences （P 〉 0.05）. Therefore, treatment 4 （5%SSP ＋ 5%RSP） could be substituted FM with little adverse effect on broiler growth but without any adverse effect on percentage of muscle and sensory test. However, further supplemental silkworm pupa performed reduction in dietary utilization and carcass muscle.
文摘The productive performance of giant freshwater prawn （Macrobrachium rosenbergii de Man） fed diet containing silkworm pupae （Bombyx mori） replacing for fish meal was conducted by focusing on digestibility, growth performance and feed utilization. Five diets of an isonitrogenous of 35 ：e 1% crude protein and isocaloric of digestible energy of 3,200 ±100 kcal/kg were formulated by using silkworm pupae, 0%, 8.6%, 17.2%, 25.8% and 34.7% by weight, replaced for fish meal. Giant freshwater prawn of 19 ± 2.0 g were stocked at 5 ind./m3 in concrete tank of 2.25 ton for three months. The protein digestibility by pepsin enzyme was evaluated in fish meal, silkworm pupae, soybean meal and shrimp meal. The digestibility was significantly difference （P 〈 0.05）. The protein digestibility of fishmeal and soybean meal was higher than silkworm pupae and shrimp meal. The productive performance of prawn in terms of growth rate and feed utilization were not significantly different （P 〉 0.05）. Therefore, silkworm pupae can be replaced for fishmeal in giant freshwater prawn （Macrobrachium rosenbergii de Man） without any adverse effects on productive performance.
文摘Spent silk worm pupae ofAntheraea assama were analyzed for its amino acid constituents and compared with the amino acid composition of fiber from A. assama, A. pyrni, and Bombyx mori. Amino acid percent was determined by UV Spectrophotometer at 570 nm. Infra Red spectra recorded the presence of different amino acids in the spent silk worm pupae powder which corroborate with the amino acids present in the fiber of different silk species.
文摘This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of plant extracts Artemisia herba-alba, Matricharia chamomella, and Melia azedarach against the Culex quinquefasciatus. The following concentrations were used to assess the effectiveness ofA. herba-alba, M. chamomella, and M. azedarach： 0.50, 1.00, 1.50, 2.00, 2.50 and 3.00 mg/L; 0.12, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00 and 1.50 mg/L and 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, 1.50, 1.75 and 2.00 mg/L, respectively. The mortality rates of the mosquito pupae were measured after 24 hours. It was found that the LCso was 0.50, 1.00 and 1.80 mg/L of M. chamomile, M. azedarach, and A. herab-alba respectively which mean that M. chamomella extracts had the best pesticide effects against Cx. Quinquefasciatus pupae where was A. herba-alba the lower of them.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.of 31830084,31970440&32070466)also supported by“the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities”,Nankai University(No.96172158,96173250&91822294).
文摘Many extant species spin cocoons before their pupal stage,which can protect them from predators,pathogens,and fluctuant environmental factors in nests.However,owing to the scarcity of ant cocoon fossils,little is known about the origin and evolution of this behavior in Formicidae.Here,we describe two ant pupae specimens from Myanmar amber.The presence of cocoons in these Mesozoic fossils suggests the ancestral origin of spinning cocoon behavior;based on our phylogenetic analysis and ancestral state reconstruction,this behavior was secondarily lost at least six times in Formicidae,which could be ascribed to the transition of nesting and feeding habits,as well as the development of eusociality.Moreover,the first specimen preserved worker ants with empty cocoons simultaneously,indicating garbage removal or brood care behavior,which improves our understanding of their eusociality in the Cretaceous.
基金supported financially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81673400 and 21878292)。
文摘Silkworm pupa protein(SPP)that obtained by traditional method usually had a high fat content,which would impose restrictions on the further use of SPP.Herein,various functionalized ionic liquids(ILs)were used to extract SPP from silkworm pupae,the structure-performance relationship of ILs with their SPP separation performance were explored at the same time.The research showed that the maximum extraction yield of SPP was up to 62.6%with less than 0.5%low fat content by using 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride([Emim]Cl),when the dissolution experiment was conducted at 90°C for 24 h with ethanol bath as the regeneration solvent.Comparing with the structure of raw material,the regenerated SPP maintained the native protein backbone.Meanwhile,all regenerated SPP showed a decreased crystallinity,which also exhibited decreased fraction of theα-helix comparing to thatβ-sheet united with coil random structures.
