BACKGROUND Eltrombopag is an orally administered thrombopoietin receptor agonist linked to a heightened risk of treatment-related thromboembolism.Both venous and arterial thromboses have been documented in the medical...BACKGROUND Eltrombopag is an orally administered thrombopoietin receptor agonist linked to a heightened risk of treatment-related thromboembolism.Both venous and arterial thromboses have been documented in the medical literature.CASE SUMMARY In the absence of nephropathy,a 48-year-old patient receiving eltrombopag for immune thrombocytopenia(ITP)developed renal vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.The renal vein thrombus spontaneously resolved during subsequent anticoagulant treatment,restoring venous circulation.CONCLUSION A rapid upsurge in platelets,rather than their absolute number,may trigger thrombotic events in this setting.For patients at high thrombotic risk,individualized eltrombopag dosing and vigilance in platelet monitoring are perhaps needed during treatment of ITP.展开更多
Objective To evaluate color Doppler ultrasonography (CDU) appearances of renal vein thrombosis (RVT) and its diagnostic value.Methods Ten patients with RVT were analyzed retrospectively. Renal structure, distributions...Objective To evaluate color Doppler ultrasonography (CDU) appearances of renal vein thrombosis (RVT) and its diagnostic value.Methods Ten patients with RVT were analyzed retrospectively. Renal structure, distributions of intrarenal flow signals, echogenicity, and flow fullness in main renal veins were observed with CDU. Resistance index (RI) was recorded from the waveforms of segmental or interlobar renal artery.Results Ten kidneys in nine patients were confirmed to have thrombus within the main renal veins, and one patient was confirmed to have thrombus within the small intrarenal veins. The appearances of the main renal vein thrombosis included full of solid echogenicity or strip echogenicity and complete or partial filling defect within the main renal veins, and absent or a few intrarenal venous flow signals in 70% of kidneys involved. The appearances of intrarenal vein thrombosis included obscure renal structure and no venous flow signal within the involved part of the kidneys. Reverse diastolic flow in the intrarenal artery had only a sensitivity of 36% (4/11); in other 7 kidneys without intrarenal arterial reverse diastolic flow, increased RI (mean, 0.84; range, 0.74-0.96) was found.Conclusion CDU is helpful for rapid clinical diagnosis and follow-up of RVT, and therefore can be the first imaging modality of choice for RVT.展开更多
BACKGROUND Renal involvement in lymphoma is commonly associated with widespread nodal or extranodal lymphoma.Primary renal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is an extremely rare extranodal lymphoma,accounting for fewer th...BACKGROUND Renal involvement in lymphoma is commonly associated with widespread nodal or extranodal lymphoma.Primary renal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is an extremely rare extranodal lymphoma,accounting for fewer than 1%of all renal masses.Interestingly,the patient in this study had a renal vein tumor thrombus that was observed after laparoscopic radical nephrectomy.CASE SUMMARY We report the case of a 56-year-old female patient with primary renal lymphoma and a renal vein tumor thrombus whose first symptom was right pain in the back and gross hematuria.Histopathology revealed primary renal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.The patient received 8 standard cycles of rituximab with cyclophosphamide,doxorubicin,vincristine,and prednisone chemotherapy after surgery,and no obvious signs of recurrence were observed during the one-year follow-up.CONCLUSION We evaluated comprehensive treatment of primary renal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and multidisciplinary management of this malignancy.展开更多
Objective: It is important to minimize the risk of major vascular injury during pneumoperitoneumestablishment in laparoscopic surgeries for patients with unusual variations in the levels of theabdominal aorta, the inf...Objective: It is important to minimize the risk of major vascular injury during pneumoperitoneumestablishment in laparoscopic surgeries for patients with unusual variations in the levels of theabdominal aorta, the inferior vena cava (IVC), and the left renal vein, which will decrease the morbidityand mortality. The study aims to assess the variations regarding the bifurcation level of the abdominalaorta, formation level of the IVC, and insertion level of the left renal vein into the IVC.Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on 100 patients (50 males and 50 females) referred tothe Department of Radiology, Jordan University Hospital for abdomino-pelvic CT with intra-venouscontrast from January 2018 to December 2019. The three vessels were determined on the axial plane,the coronal plane, and the midsagittal plane. The central vertebral body height as well as the distance ofthe level of the point of interest to the upper end plate of the vertebrae were measured. Afterwards, theresults were classified into the following categories, upper end plate, lower end plate, intervertebral disc,upper half, and lower half of the vertebra.Results: The aortic bifurcation was mainly found at the level of the L4 vertebral body (65, 65%). In theremaining cases, the bifurcation was found to be variably located spanning from L3 in 11 (11%) cases to3 (3%) cases at L5. As for the iliocaval junction, the most common site was also at the level of L4 with41 (41%) cases followed by 39 (39%) cases at the level of L5, and 20 (20%) cases at the intervertebral discof L4/L5. The left renal vein most commonly joined the IVC at the level of L1 with 62 (62%) cases followedby 20 (20%) cases at the intervertebral disc T12/L1. There was wide variation in its entry to the IVCspanning from 4 (4%) cases at T12/L1 to 1 (1%) case at L4.Conclusion: The anatomical variation of the major vessels can be found in the normal population.Therefore, sufficient investigation of the anatomical position of these vessels is essential for patientsbefore laparoscopic surgery.展开更多
Aim: The purpose of this work was to describe the left renal retro-aortic vein. Methodology: A case of left renal retro-aortic vein was discovered on a corpse of male, 45-year-old adult during the dissections to the l...Aim: The purpose of this work was to describe the left renal retro-aortic vein. Methodology: A case of left renal retro-aortic vein was discovered on a corpse of male, 45-year-old adult during the dissections to the laboratory of anatomy of the Faculty of Medicine of Bamako. The way at first was a xypho-pubic median and two side abdominal sections under costal and inguinal. The side sections under costal went of the median section to sides by following the costal edge. The inguinal side sections went of the median section to the anterior and superior iliac thorns. The abdominal wall was opened and reclined by every quoted. The small intestine and the colonist were resected with their meso. The renal pedicle was dissected on each side. The abdominal aorta and the inferior vena cava were dissected by the diaphragm up to the headland. Arteries and iliac veins were also dissected. Results: On male corpse, 45 years old, we discovered a left renal retro-aortic vein in horizontal route, and the trunk of the left renal vein was formed by the confluence of three veins at the level of the left renal hilum. The left renal vein passed almost horizontally below the left renal artery. It passed then behind the abdominal aorta to end in the inferior vena cava at the level of its left side face. The right renal vein had a normal aspect. Conclusion: The left renal retro-aortic vein is one of the variants of the anomalies of the system cellar inferior. The left renal retro-aortic vein could be responsible for renal aplasia.展开更多
Objective To study and evaluate the treatment of the deep vein thrombosis(DVT) around the renal vein(DVT involving the renal vein and it's surrounding,shortly as DVTAR in our study)by two-positioned filter for cat...Objective To study and evaluate the treatment of the deep vein thrombosis(DVT) around the renal vein(DVT involving the renal vein and it's surrounding,shortly as DVTAR in our study)by two-positioned filter for catheter thrombectomy assisted with a Fogarty balloon.Methods We retrospectivly analysed seven cases of DVTAR and by comparison to elicit the respective effect different methods in DVT treatment.The methods used were:1.direct thrombectomy 2.thrombectomy facillitated by blocking of blood flow with a balloon 3.direct thrombolysis via Peripheral vein and 4.thrombectomy with simultaneous placement of a two-positioned filter with a Fogarty balloon and followed by intubation thrombolysis.Result Segmental pulmonary embolism(PE)or thrombosis in vena cava were still observed by CT angiography(CTA)or venography in those cases treated with the first three methods.As for the 3 cases where two-positioned filter for catheter thrombectomy with Fogarty balloon was used,neither pulmonary embolism during and after the operation nor thrombosis in the inferior vena cava was observed.Conclusion For DVTAR,thrombectomy with simultaneous placement of a two-positioned filter with a Fogarty balloon and followed by intubation thrombolysis can be regarded as safe and effective.展开更多
Experimental models have allowed inquiry into the pathophysiology of varicocele （VC） beyond that possible with human patients. A randomized controlled study in rats was designed to clarify the influence of the degre...Experimental models have allowed inquiry into the pathophysiology of varicocele （VC） beyond that possible with human patients. A randomized controlled study in rats was designed to clarify the influence of the degree of left renal vein constriction on the development of adolescent VC. Fifty adolescent male Sprague-Dawley rats （Rattus norvegicus） were randomly assigned to five groups of 10： the experimental groups （I-IV） underwent partial ligation of left renal veins with 0.5-, 0.6-, 0.7-, and 0.8-mm diameter needles, respectively. The control group （V） underwent a sham operation. The diameter of the left spermatic vein （LSV） was measured at baseline and 30 days postoperatively. In addition, the lesion of the left kidney was examined with the naked eye and assessed by Masson＇s trichrome staining. VC was successfully induced in 2 （20%）, 4 （40%）, 7 （70%）, and 10 （100%） rats in groups I-IV, respectively. The other rats failed to develop VCs primarily due to left renal atrophy. No VC was observed in group V. The postsurgical LSV diameters in VC rats in groups III and IV were 1.54 ± 0. 16 and 1.49 ± 0.13 mm, respectively （P〉 0.05）, and their increments were 1.36±0. 10 and 1.31±0. 10 ram, respectively （P 〉 0.05）. These results suggest that suitable constriction of the left renal vein is critical for adolescent VC development. In addition, the 0.8-mm diameter needle may be more suitable for inducing left renal vein constriction in adolescent rat models.展开更多
AIM: To explore hemodynamics and vasoactive substance levels during renal vein congestion that occurs in the anhepatic phase of liver transplantation.METHODS: New Zealand rabbits received ligation of the hepatic pedic...AIM: To explore hemodynamics and vasoactive substance levels during renal vein congestion that occurs in the anhepatic phase of liver transplantation.METHODS: New Zealand rabbits received ligation of the hepatic pedicle, supra-hepatic vena cava and infrahepatic vena cava [anhepatic phase group(APH); n = 8], the renal veins(RVL; n = 8), renal veins and hepatic pedicle [with the inferior vena cava left open)(RVHP; n = 8)], or a sham operation(SOP; n = 8). Hemodynamic parameters(systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressures) and the levels of serum bradykinin(BK) and angiotensin Ⅱ(ANGII) were measured at baseline(0 min), and 10 min, 20 min, 30 min, and 45 min after the surgery. Correlation analyses were performed to evaluate the associations between hemodynamic parameters and levels of vasoactive substances.RESULTS:All experimental groups(APH,RVL,and RVHP)showed significant decreases in hemodynamic parameters(systolic,diastolic,and mean arterial blood pressures)compared to baseline levels,as well as compared to the SOP controls(P<0.05 for all).In contrast,BK levels were significantly increased compared to baseline in the APH,RVL,and RVHP groups at all time points measured(P<0.05 for all),whereas no change was observed in the SOP controls.There were no significant differences among the experimental groups for any measure at any time point.Further analyses revealed that systolic,diastolic,and mean arterial blood pressures were all negatively correlated with BK levels,and positively correlated with ANGII levels in the APH,RVL,and RVHP groups(P<0.05 for all).CONCLUSION:In the anhepatic phase of orthotopic liver transplantation,renal vein congestion significantly impacts hemodynamic parameters,which correlate with serum BK and ANGII levels.展开更多
The Kidney transplant is preferred option for treatment of chronic renal failure because with this modality treatment the life quality of patient is like normal also this modality is cost effective. The left allograft...The Kidney transplant is preferred option for treatment of chronic renal failure because with this modality treatment the life quality of patient is like normal also this modality is cost effective. The left allograft is choice for transplant because the short right renal vein predisposes this allograft for more complication. We introduce methods, which facilitate the anastomosing the short right allograft vein and probably reduce the vascular complication. Methods: In 20 right allograft kidneys after irrigation, with dissection between vein and artery near the hilum at the back table, placing the allograft kidney with inversion position and external iliac artery selection and first vein anastomosing and heparin injection transplantation is carried out and all the recipients are treated with three drugs (prednisolone, cyclosporine cellcept) and follow up is conducted. Results: In these cases, with at least six months follow up, flow of the urine and circulation of blood were normal. Conclusion: With regarding the results it may be concluded that with this technique it may reduces the vessel complication and facilitates the vessel anastomosing of the right allograft kidney.展开更多
Routine dissection was carried out on a 75-year-old male cadaver and the drainage pattern of the testicular veins was identified and photographed. Dissection showed that the right testicular vein demonstrated an abnor...Routine dissection was carried out on a 75-year-old male cadaver and the drainage pattern of the testicular veins was identified and photographed. Dissection showed that the right testicular vein demonstrated an abnormal drainage pattern by terminating into the right renal vein. The left testicular vein demonstrated a normal drainage pattern by terminating into the left renal vein. The unusual drainage of the right testicular vein into the right renal vein may complicate hemodynamics thus causing a varicocele. Complications of a varicocele could lead to testis atrophy and/or infertility. Knowing the anatomical variants of the testicular veins drainage pattern may help the surgeon avoid potential complications during routine laparoscopic procedures and may also uncover a reason for male infertility.展开更多
Saphenous vein graft (SVG) bypass of the renal artery from the aorta has been well documented, though bypass of the internal iliac artery to the individual renal arteries is not yet described. We herewith present a ca...Saphenous vein graft (SVG) bypass of the renal artery from the aorta has been well documented, though bypass of the internal iliac artery to the individual renal arteries is not yet described. We herewith present a case of early TRAS detected 6 hours after a successful renal transplant. Renal angiography showed complete stenosis of the internal iliac to renal artery anastomosis. Percutaneous transplant artery angioplasty was attempted, but was not successful;hence the surgical correction of the same was done. This is to demonstrate the use of saphenous vein bypass of anastomotic obstruction of the previous anastomosis, in case of short renal artery.展开更多
基金The Natural Science Funding Guidance Project of Liaoning Province,No.2018011494-301345 Talent Program of Shengjing Hospital,China Medical University.
文摘BACKGROUND Eltrombopag is an orally administered thrombopoietin receptor agonist linked to a heightened risk of treatment-related thromboembolism.Both venous and arterial thromboses have been documented in the medical literature.CASE SUMMARY In the absence of nephropathy,a 48-year-old patient receiving eltrombopag for immune thrombocytopenia(ITP)developed renal vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.The renal vein thrombus spontaneously resolved during subsequent anticoagulant treatment,restoring venous circulation.CONCLUSION A rapid upsurge in platelets,rather than their absolute number,may trigger thrombotic events in this setting.For patients at high thrombotic risk,individualized eltrombopag dosing and vigilance in platelet monitoring are perhaps needed during treatment of ITP.
文摘Objective To evaluate color Doppler ultrasonography (CDU) appearances of renal vein thrombosis (RVT) and its diagnostic value.Methods Ten patients with RVT were analyzed retrospectively. Renal structure, distributions of intrarenal flow signals, echogenicity, and flow fullness in main renal veins were observed with CDU. Resistance index (RI) was recorded from the waveforms of segmental or interlobar renal artery.Results Ten kidneys in nine patients were confirmed to have thrombus within the main renal veins, and one patient was confirmed to have thrombus within the small intrarenal veins. The appearances of the main renal vein thrombosis included full of solid echogenicity or strip echogenicity and complete or partial filling defect within the main renal veins, and absent or a few intrarenal venous flow signals in 70% of kidneys involved. The appearances of intrarenal vein thrombosis included obscure renal structure and no venous flow signal within the involved part of the kidneys. Reverse diastolic flow in the intrarenal artery had only a sensitivity of 36% (4/11); in other 7 kidneys without intrarenal arterial reverse diastolic flow, increased RI (mean, 0.84; range, 0.74-0.96) was found.Conclusion CDU is helpful for rapid clinical diagnosis and follow-up of RVT, and therefore can be the first imaging modality of choice for RVT.
基金Supported by Foundation of Health Commission of Guizhou Province of China,No.gzwkj2021-211.
文摘BACKGROUND Renal involvement in lymphoma is commonly associated with widespread nodal or extranodal lymphoma.Primary renal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is an extremely rare extranodal lymphoma,accounting for fewer than 1%of all renal masses.Interestingly,the patient in this study had a renal vein tumor thrombus that was observed after laparoscopic radical nephrectomy.CASE SUMMARY We report the case of a 56-year-old female patient with primary renal lymphoma and a renal vein tumor thrombus whose first symptom was right pain in the back and gross hematuria.Histopathology revealed primary renal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.The patient received 8 standard cycles of rituximab with cyclophosphamide,doxorubicin,vincristine,and prednisone chemotherapy after surgery,and no obvious signs of recurrence were observed during the one-year follow-up.CONCLUSION We evaluated comprehensive treatment of primary renal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and multidisciplinary management of this malignancy.
文摘Objective: It is important to minimize the risk of major vascular injury during pneumoperitoneumestablishment in laparoscopic surgeries for patients with unusual variations in the levels of theabdominal aorta, the inferior vena cava (IVC), and the left renal vein, which will decrease the morbidityand mortality. The study aims to assess the variations regarding the bifurcation level of the abdominalaorta, formation level of the IVC, and insertion level of the left renal vein into the IVC.Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on 100 patients (50 males and 50 females) referred tothe Department of Radiology, Jordan University Hospital for abdomino-pelvic CT with intra-venouscontrast from January 2018 to December 2019. The three vessels were determined on the axial plane,the coronal plane, and the midsagittal plane. The central vertebral body height as well as the distance ofthe level of the point of interest to the upper end plate of the vertebrae were measured. Afterwards, theresults were classified into the following categories, upper end plate, lower end plate, intervertebral disc,upper half, and lower half of the vertebra.Results: The aortic bifurcation was mainly found at the level of the L4 vertebral body (65, 65%). In theremaining cases, the bifurcation was found to be variably located spanning from L3 in 11 (11%) cases to3 (3%) cases at L5. As for the iliocaval junction, the most common site was also at the level of L4 with41 (41%) cases followed by 39 (39%) cases at the level of L5, and 20 (20%) cases at the intervertebral discof L4/L5. The left renal vein most commonly joined the IVC at the level of L1 with 62 (62%) cases followedby 20 (20%) cases at the intervertebral disc T12/L1. There was wide variation in its entry to the IVCspanning from 4 (4%) cases at T12/L1 to 1 (1%) case at L4.Conclusion: The anatomical variation of the major vessels can be found in the normal population.Therefore, sufficient investigation of the anatomical position of these vessels is essential for patientsbefore laparoscopic surgery.
文摘Aim: The purpose of this work was to describe the left renal retro-aortic vein. Methodology: A case of left renal retro-aortic vein was discovered on a corpse of male, 45-year-old adult during the dissections to the laboratory of anatomy of the Faculty of Medicine of Bamako. The way at first was a xypho-pubic median and two side abdominal sections under costal and inguinal. The side sections under costal went of the median section to sides by following the costal edge. The inguinal side sections went of the median section to the anterior and superior iliac thorns. The abdominal wall was opened and reclined by every quoted. The small intestine and the colonist were resected with their meso. The renal pedicle was dissected on each side. The abdominal aorta and the inferior vena cava were dissected by the diaphragm up to the headland. Arteries and iliac veins were also dissected. Results: On male corpse, 45 years old, we discovered a left renal retro-aortic vein in horizontal route, and the trunk of the left renal vein was formed by the confluence of three veins at the level of the left renal hilum. The left renal vein passed almost horizontally below the left renal artery. It passed then behind the abdominal aorta to end in the inferior vena cava at the level of its left side face. The right renal vein had a normal aspect. Conclusion: The left renal retro-aortic vein is one of the variants of the anomalies of the system cellar inferior. The left renal retro-aortic vein could be responsible for renal aplasia.
文摘Objective To study and evaluate the treatment of the deep vein thrombosis(DVT) around the renal vein(DVT involving the renal vein and it's surrounding,shortly as DVTAR in our study)by two-positioned filter for catheter thrombectomy assisted with a Fogarty balloon.Methods We retrospectivly analysed seven cases of DVTAR and by comparison to elicit the respective effect different methods in DVT treatment.The methods used were:1.direct thrombectomy 2.thrombectomy facillitated by blocking of blood flow with a balloon 3.direct thrombolysis via Peripheral vein and 4.thrombectomy with simultaneous placement of a two-positioned filter with a Fogarty balloon and followed by intubation thrombolysis.Result Segmental pulmonary embolism(PE)or thrombosis in vena cava were still observed by CT angiography(CTA)or venography in those cases treated with the first three methods.As for the 3 cases where two-positioned filter for catheter thrombectomy with Fogarty balloon was used,neither pulmonary embolism during and after the operation nor thrombosis in the inferior vena cava was observed.Conclusion For DVTAR,thrombectomy with simultaneous placement of a two-positioned filter with a Fogarty balloon and followed by intubation thrombolysis can be regarded as safe and effective.
文摘Experimental models have allowed inquiry into the pathophysiology of varicocele （VC） beyond that possible with human patients. A randomized controlled study in rats was designed to clarify the influence of the degree of left renal vein constriction on the development of adolescent VC. Fifty adolescent male Sprague-Dawley rats （Rattus norvegicus） were randomly assigned to five groups of 10： the experimental groups （I-IV） underwent partial ligation of left renal veins with 0.5-, 0.6-, 0.7-, and 0.8-mm diameter needles, respectively. The control group （V） underwent a sham operation. The diameter of the left spermatic vein （LSV） was measured at baseline and 30 days postoperatively. In addition, the lesion of the left kidney was examined with the naked eye and assessed by Masson＇s trichrome staining. VC was successfully induced in 2 （20%）, 4 （40%）, 7 （70%）, and 10 （100%） rats in groups I-IV, respectively. The other rats failed to develop VCs primarily due to left renal atrophy. No VC was observed in group V. The postsurgical LSV diameters in VC rats in groups III and IV were 1.54 ± 0. 16 and 1.49 ± 0.13 mm, respectively （P〉 0.05）, and their increments were 1.36±0. 10 and 1.31±0. 10 ram, respectively （P 〉 0.05）. These results suggest that suitable constriction of the left renal vein is critical for adolescent VC development. In addition, the 0.8-mm diameter needle may be more suitable for inducing left renal vein constriction in adolescent rat models.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province,China,No.3ZS051-A25-104Clinical Medicine Research Special Funds of Chinese Medical Association,China,No.14040360573
文摘AIM: To explore hemodynamics and vasoactive substance levels during renal vein congestion that occurs in the anhepatic phase of liver transplantation.METHODS: New Zealand rabbits received ligation of the hepatic pedicle, supra-hepatic vena cava and infrahepatic vena cava [anhepatic phase group(APH); n = 8], the renal veins(RVL; n = 8), renal veins and hepatic pedicle [with the inferior vena cava left open)(RVHP; n = 8)], or a sham operation(SOP; n = 8). Hemodynamic parameters(systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressures) and the levels of serum bradykinin(BK) and angiotensin Ⅱ(ANGII) were measured at baseline(0 min), and 10 min, 20 min, 30 min, and 45 min after the surgery. Correlation analyses were performed to evaluate the associations between hemodynamic parameters and levels of vasoactive substances.RESULTS:All experimental groups(APH,RVL,and RVHP)showed significant decreases in hemodynamic parameters(systolic,diastolic,and mean arterial blood pressures)compared to baseline levels,as well as compared to the SOP controls(P<0.05 for all).In contrast,BK levels were significantly increased compared to baseline in the APH,RVL,and RVHP groups at all time points measured(P<0.05 for all),whereas no change was observed in the SOP controls.There were no significant differences among the experimental groups for any measure at any time point.Further analyses revealed that systolic,diastolic,and mean arterial blood pressures were all negatively correlated with BK levels,and positively correlated with ANGII levels in the APH,RVL,and RVHP groups(P<0.05 for all).CONCLUSION:In the anhepatic phase of orthotopic liver transplantation,renal vein congestion significantly impacts hemodynamic parameters,which correlate with serum BK and ANGII levels.
文摘The Kidney transplant is preferred option for treatment of chronic renal failure because with this modality treatment the life quality of patient is like normal also this modality is cost effective. The left allograft is choice for transplant because the short right renal vein predisposes this allograft for more complication. We introduce methods, which facilitate the anastomosing the short right allograft vein and probably reduce the vascular complication. Methods: In 20 right allograft kidneys after irrigation, with dissection between vein and artery near the hilum at the back table, placing the allograft kidney with inversion position and external iliac artery selection and first vein anastomosing and heparin injection transplantation is carried out and all the recipients are treated with three drugs (prednisolone, cyclosporine cellcept) and follow up is conducted. Results: In these cases, with at least six months follow up, flow of the urine and circulation of blood were normal. Conclusion: With regarding the results it may be concluded that with this technique it may reduces the vessel complication and facilitates the vessel anastomosing of the right allograft kidney.
文摘Routine dissection was carried out on a 75-year-old male cadaver and the drainage pattern of the testicular veins was identified and photographed. Dissection showed that the right testicular vein demonstrated an abnormal drainage pattern by terminating into the right renal vein. The left testicular vein demonstrated a normal drainage pattern by terminating into the left renal vein. The unusual drainage of the right testicular vein into the right renal vein may complicate hemodynamics thus causing a varicocele. Complications of a varicocele could lead to testis atrophy and/or infertility. Knowing the anatomical variants of the testicular veins drainage pattern may help the surgeon avoid potential complications during routine laparoscopic procedures and may also uncover a reason for male infertility.
文摘Saphenous vein graft (SVG) bypass of the renal artery from the aorta has been well documented, though bypass of the internal iliac artery to the individual renal arteries is not yet described. We herewith present a case of early TRAS detected 6 hours after a successful renal transplant. Renal angiography showed complete stenosis of the internal iliac to renal artery anastomosis. Percutaneous transplant artery angioplasty was attempted, but was not successful;hence the surgical correction of the same was done. This is to demonstrate the use of saphenous vein bypass of anastomotic obstruction of the previous anastomosis, in case of short renal artery.
