AIM:To assess the repeatability,interocular correlation,and agreement of quantitative swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)optic nerve head(ONH)parameters in healthy subjects.METHODS:Thir ty-thre...AIM:To assess the repeatability,interocular correlation,and agreement of quantitative swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)optic nerve head(ONH)parameters in healthy subjects.METHODS:Thir ty-three healthy subjects were enrolled.The ONH of both eyes were imaged four times by a swept-source-OCTA using a 3 mm×3 mm scanning protocol.Images of the radial peripapillary capillary were analyzed by a customized Matlab program,and the vessel density,fractal dimension,and vessel diameter index were measured.The repeatability of the four scans was determined by the intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC).The most well-centered optic disc from the four repeated scans was then selected for the interocular correlation and agreement analysis using the Pearson correlation coefficient,ICC and Bland-Altman plots.RESULTS:All swept-source-OCTA ONH parameters exhibited certain repeatability,with ICC>0.760 and coefficient of variation(CoV)≤7.301%.The obvious interocular correlation was observed for papillary vessel density(ICC=0.857),vessel diameter index(ICC=0.857)and fractal dimension(ICC=0.906),while circumpapillary vessel density exhibited moderate interocular correlation(ICC=0.687).Bland-Altman plots revealed an agreement range of-5.26%to 6.21%for circumpapillary vessel density.CONCLUSION:OCTA ONH parameters demonstrate good repeatability in healthy subjects.The interocular correlations of papillary vessel density,fractal dimension and vessel diameter index are high,but the correlation for circumpapillary vessel density is moderate.展开更多
The Oriental Stork(Ciconia boyciana)is listed as'Endangered'on the International Union for the Conservation of Nature(IUCN)Red List of Threatened Species and is classified as a first category nationally protec...The Oriental Stork(Ciconia boyciana)is listed as'Endangered'on the International Union for the Conservation of Nature(IUCN)Red List of Threatened Species and is classified as a first category nationally protected bird species in China.Understanding this species'seasonal movements and migration will facilitate effective conservation to promote its population.We tagged 27 Oriental Stork nestlings at Xingkai Lake on the Sanjiang Plain in Heilongjiang Province,China,used GPS tracking to follow them over the periods of 2014-2017 and 2019-2022,and confirmed their detailed migratory routes using the spatial analysis function of ArcGIS 10.7.We discovered four migration routes during autumn migration:one common long-distance migration route in which the storks migrated along the coastline of Bohai Bay to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River for wintering,one short-distance migration route in which the storks wintered in Bohai Bay and two other migration routes in which the storks crossed the Bohai Strait around the Yellow River and wintered in South Korea.There were no significant differences in the number of migration days,residence days,migration distances,number of stopovers and average number of days spent at stopover sites between the autumn and spring migrations(P>0.05).However,the storks migrated significantly faster in spring than in autumn(P=0.03).The same individuals did not exhibit a high degree of repetition in their migration timing and route selection in either autumn or spring migration.Even storks from the same nest exhibited considerable between-individual variation in their migration routes.Some important stopover sites were identified,especially in the Bohai Rim Region and on the Songnen Plain,and we further explored the current conservation status at these two important sites.Overall,our results contribute to the understanding of the annual migration,dispersal and protection status of the endangered Oriental Stork and provide a scientific basis for conservation decisions and the development of action plans for this species.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the repeatability of central corneal thickness(CCT) measurement by entacam,and agreement of CCT measured by Pentacam and ultrasound pachymetry(USP) in Chinese myopia.Thereby investigate the possibility...AIM:To evaluate the repeatability of central corneal thickness(CCT) measurement by entacam,and agreement of CCT measured by Pentacam and ultrasound pachymetry(USP) in Chinese myopia.Thereby investigate the possibility of Pentacam as a substitute for USP in CCT measurement before refractive surgery.The effects of corneal curvature measured by Pentacam on CCT were also evaluated.· METHODS:One hundred and forty-eight right eyes of 148 individual with myopia were included in this study.Three successive Pentacam CCT measurements followed by 10 successive ultrasound pachymetry were carried out in the 148 eyes.Mean of CCT taken by each device was calculated for comparison.According to the CCT measured by USP,all the 148 eyes were divided into 3 groups:<520μm,520-560μm,>560μm.For all eyes and each group the CCT obtained by Pentacam and USP were compared.Anterior corneal curvature of the 148 eyes was also adopted for correlation analysis with CCT obtained by ultrasound pachymetry.In addition,CCT measurement using 60 random selected Scheimpflug images was performed by 3 skilled investigators at different time,and this was repeated for 3 times by a forth investigator to assess repeatability of Pentacam CCT measurement using Scheimpflug images.· RESULTS:Intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC) analysis revealed high intraobserver repeatability(ICC=0.994,F = 158.60,P <0.001) for CCT measurement by Pentacam.The interobserver(ICC=0.998,F =494.73,P <0.001) and intraobserver(ICC=0.997,F=383.98,P <0.001) repeatability for Pentacam CCT measurements using Scheimpflug images were also excellent.There was high positive correlation between the CCT values measured by Pentacam and ultrasound pachymetry(r =0.963,P <0.001).Bland-altman plots showed that the Pentacam underestimate the CCT by 8.02μm compared with ultrasouond pachymetry.The differences between Pentacam and USP increased as the CCT readings by USP increased(Pentacam vs USP:slope=-0.04,P < 0.05).The 95% upper and lower limits of agreement between CCT values obtained from the two devices were +9.33μm and-25.37μm.No significant association could be found between CCT and anterior corneal curvature.· CONCLUSION:Inter-and intraobserver variability for CCT measurements by Pentacam was considerably below clinically significant levels.CCT of myopia obtained by Scheimpflug camera,Pentacam,were highly correlated to that by ultrasound pachymetry.However,the values obtained are not directly interchangeable between Pentacam and ultrasound pachymetry as the 95% limits of agreement are relatively wide.Pentacam can be a useful instrument for measuring CCT in candidates to refractive surgery in clinic.展开更多
The accuracy and repeatability of computer aided cervical vertebra landmarking (CACVL) were investigated in cephalogram.120 adolescents (60 boys,60 girls) aged from 9.1 to 17.2 years old were randomly selected.Twenty-...The accuracy and repeatability of computer aided cervical vertebra landmarking (CACVL) were investigated in cephalogram.120 adolescents (60 boys,60 girls) aged from 9.1 to 17.2 years old were randomly selected.Twenty-seven landmarks from the second to fifth cervical vertebrae on the lat-eral cephalogram were identified.In this study,the system of CACVL was developed and used to iden-tify and calculate the landmarks by fast marching method and parabolic curve fitting.The accuracy and repeatability in CACVL group were compared with those in two manual landmarking groups [orthodon-tic experts (OE) group and orthodontic novices (ON) group].The results showed that,as for the accu-racy,there was no significant difference between CACVL group and OE group no matter in x-axis or y-axis (P>0.05),but there was significant difference between CACVL group and ON group,as well as OE group and ON group in both axes (P<0.05).As for the repeatability,CACVL group was more reli-able than OE group and ON group in both axes.It is concluded that CACVL has the same or higher ac-curacy,better repeatability and less workload than manual landmarking methods.It's reliable for cervi-cal parameters identification on the lateral cephalogram and cervical vertebral maturation prediction in orthodontic practice and research.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate the intra-operator repeatability of time domain and swept-source Fourier domain anterior segment optical coherence tomography(AS-OCT), namely, Visante ASOCT and Casia SS-1000 OCT, in measuring the pre...AIM: To evaluate the intra-operator repeatability of time domain and swept-source Fourier domain anterior segment optical coherence tomography(AS-OCT), namely, Visante ASOCT and Casia SS-1000 OCT, in measuring the preoperative parameters of implantable collamer lens(ICL) in myopic eyes, as well as the agreement between the two devices.METHODS: A total of 97 eyes from 49 myopes were investigated in this prospective case series study. The anterior chamber depth(ACD), angle-to-angle distance(ATA), pupil diameter(PD) and crystalline lens rise(CLR) in all subjects were measured for three times during one session by the same operator. The repeatability was evaluated using the within-subject standard deviation(Sw), repeatability limits and intraclass correlation coefficients(ICC). The agreement between the two systems was evaluated using the Bland-Altman plots and 95% limits of agreement(Lo A).RESULTS: The repeatability limits of Visante AS-OCT in measuring ACD, ATA, PD and CLR were 0.099, 0.141, 0.304, and 0.079 mm, respectively. The repeatability limits of Casia SS-1000 OCT in measuring ACD, ATA, PD, and CLR were 0.105, 0.127, 0.357, and 0.082 mm, respectively. Excellent repeatability could be attained in both devices, with the ICC>0.8 for all the measured variables. The interdevice agreement was excellent(P>0.05) for ACD and ATA, but poor(P<0.05) for PD and CLR.CONCLUSION: Good repeatability can be attained by time domain and swept-source Fourier-domain OCT for all the measured variables. Moreover, interdevice agreement analysis suggests that interchangeable measurements between two devices can be achieved for ACD and ATA, but not for PD and CLR;but the differences in measurements were not clinically significant.展开更多
AIM: To determine the repeatability and agreement of stereoacuity measurements made using some of the most widely used clinical tests: Frisby, TNO, Randot and Titmus.METHODS: Stereoacuity was measured in two different...AIM: To determine the repeatability and agreement of stereoacuity measurements made using some of the most widely used clinical tests: Frisby, TNO, Randot and Titmus.METHODS: Stereoacuity was measured in two different sessions separated by a time interval of at least 24 h but no longer than 1wk in 74 subjects of mean age 20.6y using the four methods. The study participants were divided into two groups: subjects with normal binocular vision and subjects with abnormal binocular vision.RESULTS: Best repeatability was shown by the Frisby and Titmus [coefficient of repeatability(COR): ±13 and±12s arc respectively] in the subjects with normal binocular vision though a clear ceiling effect was noted.In the subjects with abnormal binocular vision, best repeatability was shown by the Frisby(COR: ±69s arc)and Randot(COR: ±72s arc). In both groups, the TNO test showed poorest agreement with the other tests.CONCLUSION:Therepeatabilityofstereoacuitymeasures was low in subjects with poor binocular vision yet fairly good in subjects with normal binocular vision with the exception of the TNO test. The reduced agreement detected between the tests indicates they cannot be used interchangeably.展开更多
The repeatability rate is an important measure for evaluating and comparing the performance of keypoint detectors.Several repeatability rate measurementswere used in the literature to assess the effectiveness of keypo...The repeatability rate is an important measure for evaluating and comparing the performance of keypoint detectors.Several repeatability rate measurementswere used in the literature to assess the effectiveness of keypoint detectors.While these repeatability rates are calculated for pairs of images,the general assumption is that the reference image is often known and unchanging compared to other images in the same dataset.So,these rates are asymmetrical as they require calculations in only one direction.In addition,the image domain in which these computations take place substantially affects their values.The presented scatter diagram plots illustrate how these directional repeatability rates vary in relation to the size of the neighboring region in each pair of images.Therefore,both directional repeatability rates for the same image pair must be included when comparing different keypoint detectors.This paper,firstly,examines several commonly utilized repeatability rate measures for keypoint detector evaluations.The researcher then suggests computing a two-fold repeatability rate to assess keypoint detector performance on similar scene images.Next,the symmetric mean repeatability rate metric is computed using the given two-fold repeatability rates.Finally,these measurements are validated using well-known keypoint detectors on different image groups with various geometric and photometric attributes.展开更多
Radiomics has increasingly been investigated as a potential biomarker in quantitative imaging to facilitate personalized diagnosis and treatment of head and neck cancer(HNC),a group of malignancies associated with hig...Radiomics has increasingly been investigated as a potential biomarker in quantitative imaging to facilitate personalized diagnosis and treatment of head and neck cancer(HNC),a group of malignancies associated with high heterogeneity.However,the feature reliability of radiomics is a major obstacle to its broad validity and generality in application to the highly heterogeneous head and neck(HN)tissues.In particular,feature repeatability of radiomics in magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)acquisition,which is considered a crucial confounding factor of radiomics feature reliability,is still sparsely investigated.This study prospectively investigated the acquisition repeatability of 93 MRI radiomics features in ten HN tissues of 15 healthy volunteers,aiming for potential magnetic resonance-guided radiotherapy(MRgRT)treatment of HNC.Each subject underwent four MRI acquisitions with MRgRT treatment position and immobilization using two pulse sequences of 3D T1-weighed turbo spin-echo and 3D T2-weighed turbo spin-echo on a 1.5T MRI simulator.The repeatability of radiomics feature acquisition was evaluated in terms of the intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC),whereas within-subject acquisition variability was evaluated in terms of the coefficient of variation(CV).The results showed that MRI radiomics features exhibited heterogeneous acquisition variability and uncertainty dependent on feature types,tissues,and pulse sequences.Only a small fraction of features showed excellent acquisition repeatability(ICC>0.9)and low within-subject variability.Multiple MRI scans improved the accuracy and confidence of the identification of reliable features concerning MRI acquisition compared to simple test-retest repeated scans.This study contributes to the literature on the reliability of radiomics features with respect to MRI acquisition and the selection of reliable radiomics features for use in modeling in future HNC MRgRT applications.展开更多
● AIM: To evaluate the repeatability of an optical device for measuring the Zernike coefficients of toric intraocular lenses(IOLs) and assess whether its toricity has any impact in its repeatability.● METHODS: An ex...● AIM: To evaluate the repeatability of an optical device for measuring the Zernike coefficients of toric intraocular lenses(IOLs) and assess whether its toricity has any impact in its repeatability.● METHODS: An experienced technician used the NIMO TR1504 to measure the Zernike coefficients 30 times for an aperture of 4.50 mm for all lenses included. The IOLs included were divided into two group: toric and nontoric ones. The cylindrical powers of the toric lenses included in the present study were 1.00, 1.50, 2.25, 3.00 and 3.75 D. Finally, the repeatability of the NIMO TR1504 was described in terms of within subject standard deviation(Sw) and repeatability limit.● RESULTS: The Sw was smaller than 0.011 μm for both lens groups and all Zernike coefficients, and the difference between both groups was smaller than 0.004 μm for all Zernike coefficients. Regarding the repeatability limit, this value was smaller than 0.025 μm for the toric lens group, and smaller than 0.031 μm for the non-toric lens one for all Zernike coefficients. Furthermore, the maximum difference between both lens groups was 0.010 μm.● CONCLUSION: The repeatability of the NIMO TR1504 to measure the optical quality is high and independent of the lens toricity. These results reflect that this system is robust and could be used to measure the in-vitro optical quality of either toric or non-toric IOLs.展开更多
Various factors that affect the repeatability of an apparatusfor the measurement of veiling glare index of a long focal length opticalsystem are discussed,which include the errors influencing the radianceuniformity of...Various factors that affect the repeatability of an apparatusfor the measurement of veiling glare index of a long focal length opticalsystem are discussed,which include the errors influencing the radianceuniformity of the extended bright field,positions of the detector,measuring aperture,and the black patch.The results can be used in thedesign of any veiling glare measurement apparatus.展开更多
According to the method for predicting strong earthquakes using seismicity patterns,this paper summarizes the seismicity anomalies, generally called anomalous seismicity patterns,as the basis for prediction based on s...According to the method for predicting strong earthquakes using seismicity patterns,this paper summarizes the seismicity anomalies, generally called anomalous seismicity patterns,as the basis for prediction based on some historical data in the Sichuan-Yunnan seismic zone. Using our results,it can be confirmed that these anomaly patterns,which reflect the features of the late stage of strong earthquake preparation process and stress release in the main shock rupture zone,did exist before many earthquake cases. This paper also introduced the characteristics of seismic repeatability and its validation result,and discussed the mechanism of repeatability,which will have an application value for strong earthquake tendency prediction.展开更多
This study aimed to detect genotypic differences in the resistance to sprouting of wheat grains, evaluate the effectiveness of different methods for inducing sprouting and identify, using repeatability estimates, the ...This study aimed to detect genotypic differences in the resistance to sprouting of wheat grains, evaluate the effectiveness of different methods for inducing sprouting and identify, using repeatability estimates, the minimum number of spikes necessary for the adequate evaluation of the percentage of grain sprouting in the spike in order to assist in the selection of superior genotypes in breeding programs. Spikes from four wheat cultivars (Frontana, IPR Catuara, Quartzo and BRS 220) were evaluated using three methods for inducing grain sprouting in the spike (water immersion, rainfall simulation and germination chamber). To determine the most efficient method, repeatability coefficients were estimated through analysis of variance, principal components analysis and structural analysis based on correlation and covariance matrices. The induction of sprouting by immersion in water was the most effective method for indicating genotypic differences and may be used in breeding programs for this purpose. The repeatability method based on the components of covariance was more efficient. A minimum of 11 spikes is required to make a high-reliability estimate of the percentage of sprouted grains in the spike.展开更多
The efficacy of selective laser trabeculoplasty(SLT)to treat open-angle glaucoma(OAG)and ocular hypertension(OHT)has been increasingly substantiated lately.Repeated SLT is usually needed to control intraocular pressur...The efficacy of selective laser trabeculoplasty(SLT)to treat open-angle glaucoma(OAG)and ocular hypertension(OHT)has been increasingly substantiated lately.Repeated SLT is usually needed to control intraocular pressure(IOP),be it as primary or adjunctive therapy.We review the studies available,in terms of SLT repeatability;and conclude comparable efficacy,with success rate,duration and complications similar to those in initial SLT.展开更多
Background:To evaluate the precision of corneal higher-order aberrations measurements after small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)using the Sirius Scheimpfug-Placido topographer(CSO,Italy).Methods:Seventy-fve eyes...Background:To evaluate the precision of corneal higher-order aberrations measurements after small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)using the Sirius Scheimpfug-Placido topographer(CSO,Italy).Methods:Seventy-fve eyes from 75 postoperative subjects were included in this prospective study.Three consecutive corneal aberrometric measurements were obtained with the Scheimpfug-Placido topographer by two experienced operators to assess intra-and inter-observer reproducibility.The within-subject standard deviation(Sw),test-retest repeatability(TRT)and the intraclass correlation coefcient(ICC)were calculated.Results:For intraobserver repeatability of anterior and total corneal aberrations,all ICCs were more than 0.922,except for trefoil(0.722 to 0.768).The ICCs of total root mean square(RMS),coma Z(3,±1),and spherical aberration Z(4,0)were over 0.810 while higher-order RMS,trefoil Z(3,±3),and astigmatism II Z(4,±2)were below 0.634 for posterior corneal surface aberrations.All Sw values for all types of aberrations were equal to or below 0.07μm.Regarding interobserver reproducibility,all TRT values were no more than 0.12μm,0.05μm,and 0.11μm for anterior,posterior,and total corneal aberrations,respectively.The ICC values ranged from 0.875 to 0.989,from 0.686 to 0.976 and over 0.834 for anterior,posterior,and total corneal aberrations,respectively.Conclusions:The repeatability of measurements of anterior and total corneal aberrations with the Sirius system in corneas after SMILE surgery was high,except for trefoil.There was some variability in posterior corneal aberrometric measurements.High reproducibility of corneal aberrometric measurements was observed between measurements of both examiners,except for trefoil,with poor to moderate reproducibility.展开更多
Sagittal knee laxity is often quantified using arthrometers. Adding rotational laxity and compliance measurementsis relatively new and could bring new information for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury diagnosis....Sagittal knee laxity is often quantified using arthrometers. Adding rotational laxity and compliance measurementsis relatively new and could bring new information for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury diagnosis. TheDYNEELAX® is a new knee arthrometer able to evaluate simultaneously tibial translation and rotation. Thepurpose is to assess the sensitivity, reproducibility and repeatability of the DYNEELAX® with a prototype leg toprovide accurate instructions before using it in clinical practice. Sensitivity is studied by varying 7 parameters(positioning and sensors), and reproducibility by repeating measurement series with a group of two experiencedoperators and a group of two non-experienced operators. Repeatability is assessed throughout the study. Theresults showed that DYNEELAX® is poorly sensitive to the angle and the position of the displacement sensor, andthe angle of the rotation sensor. It is a bit sensitive to positioning of patella and ankle supports. It is very sensitiveto the tightening of the patella and ankle supports. It exists a significant difference only between groups (p <0.001), but there is no significant difference between the two experienced operators (p > 0.215), or between thetwo non-experienced operators (p > 0.229). Variation coefficients for intra-series are on average inferior to 5% fortranslation and rotation tests. Then, the DYNEELAX® presented encouraging results with a good accuracy and agood reliability but operators must be careful about positioning.展开更多
Purpose The constant work-rate to exhaustion tests must be repeated several times at each work-rate to estimate subject-level trial-to-trial variance(intra-individual variability,IIV)of critical power(CP)and work capa...Purpose The constant work-rate to exhaustion tests must be repeated several times at each work-rate to estimate subject-level trial-to-trial variance(intra-individual variability,IIV)of critical power(CP)and work capacity(W').Alternatively,these parameters and their variance can be estimated by repeating the 3-min all-out test(3MT)fewer times.The purpose of this study was to propose a method to determine subject-level repeatability of the 3MT and demonstrate the need to repeat the test multiple times to estimate IIV.Methods Seven cyclists performed a ramp test and four 3MTs on a CompuTrainer.The parameters CP,W',peak power(Pp),and total work(TW)were compared across trials using repeated measures ANOVA,Bland-Altman analysis,Intraclass Cor-relation Coefficients(ICC),Typical Error(TE)of measurement,and Coefficient of Variation(CV).Results For the group,average CP and W'were 284±58 W and 10.214±3.143 kJ.The reliability statistics,CP(ICC=0.97,TE=8 W,CV=2.94%)and W'(ICC=0.88,TE=1.11 kJ,CV=10.87%),indicated strong agreement.Subject-level repeatability was determined by comparing time-to-peak power(TPp),absolute difference in Pp(δPp),and TW(δTW)for pairs of 3MTs.The average IIVs estimated by the 95%confidence intervals were±15 W for CP and±1.68 kJ for W'.Conclusions Thresholds are proposed for TPp(7 s),δPp(10%),andδTW(3%)to determine subject-level repeatability of the 3MT before computing the IIV of CP and W'.It is suggested that the 3MT is repeated at least three times to estimate the IIV,which aids in personalized measurement of training improvements and performance optimization。展开更多
An internal defect meter is an instrument to detect the internal inclusion defects of cold-rolled strip steel.The detection accuracy of the equipment can be evaluated based on the similarity of the multiple detection ...An internal defect meter is an instrument to detect the internal inclusion defects of cold-rolled strip steel.The detection accuracy of the equipment can be evaluated based on the similarity of the multiple detection data obtained for the same steel coil.Based on the cosine similarity model and eigenvalue matrix model,a comprehensive evaluation method to calculate the weighted average of similarity is proposed.Results show that the new method is consistent with and can even replace artificial evaluation to realize the automatic evaluation of strip defect detection results.展开更多
The insect mitogenome is typically a compact circular molecule with highly conserved gene contents.Nonetheless,mitogenome structural variations have been reported in specific taxa,and gene rearrangements,usually the t...The insect mitogenome is typically a compact circular molecule with highly conserved gene contents.Nonetheless,mitogenome structural variations have been reported in specific taxa,and gene rearrangements,usually the tRNAs,occur in different lineages.Because synapomorphies of mitogenome organizations can provide information for phylogenetic inferences,comparative analyses of mitogenomes have been given increasing attention.However,most studies use a very few species to represent the whole genus,tribe,family,or even order,overlooking potential variations at lower taxonomic levels,which might lead to some incorrect inferences.To provide new insights into mitogenome organizations and their implications for phylogenetic inference,this study conducted comparative analyses for mitogenomes of three social bee tribes(Meliponini,Bombini,and Apini)based on the phylogenetic framework with denser taxonomic sampling at the species and population levels.Comparative analyses revealed that mitogenomes of Apini and Bombini are the typical type,while those of Meliponini show diverse variations in mitogenome sizes and organizations.Large inverted repeats(IRs)cause significant gene rearrangements of protein coding genes(PCGs)and rRNAs in Indo-Malay/Australian stingless bee species.Molecular evolution analyses showed that the lineage with IRs have lower dN/dS ratios for PCGs than lineages without IRs,indicating potential effects of IRs on the evolution of mitochondrial genes.The finding of IRs and different patterns of gene rearrangements suggested that Meliponini is a hotspot in mitogenome evolution.Unlike conserved PCGs and rRNAs whose rearrangements were found only in the mentioned lineages within Meliponini,tRNA rearrangements are common across all three tribes of social bees,and are significant even at the species level,indicating that comprehensive sampling is needed to fully understand the patterns of tRNA rearrangements,and their implications for phylogenetic inference.展开更多
Pentatricopeptide repeat(PPR)proteins represent one of the largest protein families in plants and typically localize to organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts.By contrast,CYTOPLASMLOCALIZED PPR1(OsCPPR1)is a cy...Pentatricopeptide repeat(PPR)proteins represent one of the largest protein families in plants and typically localize to organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts.By contrast,CYTOPLASMLOCALIZED PPR1(OsCPPR1)is a cytoplasm-localized PPR protein that can degrade OsGOLDENLIKE1(OsGLK1)mRNA in the tapetum of rice anther.However,the mechanism,by which OsCPPR1 recognizes and binds to OsGLK1 transcripts,remains unknown.Through protein structure prediction and macromolecular docking experiments,we observed that distinct PPR motif structures of OsCPPR1 exhibited varying binding efficiencies to OsGLK1 RNA.Moreover,RNA-electrophoretic mobility shift assay experiment demonstrated that the recombinant OsCPPR1 can directly recognize and bind to OsGLK1 mRNA in vitro.This further confirmed that the mutations in the conserved amino acids in each PPR motif resulted in loss of activity,while truncation of OsCPPR1 decreased its binding efficiency.These findings collectively suggest that it may require some co-factors to assist in cleavage,a facet that warrants further exploration in subsequent studies.展开更多
基金Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.2018A0303130306)Shantou Science and Technology Program(No.190917085269835,No.200629165261641).
文摘AIM:To assess the repeatability,interocular correlation,and agreement of quantitative swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)optic nerve head(ONH)parameters in healthy subjects.METHODS:Thir ty-three healthy subjects were enrolled.The ONH of both eyes were imaged four times by a swept-source-OCTA using a 3 mm×3 mm scanning protocol.Images of the radial peripapillary capillary were analyzed by a customized Matlab program,and the vessel density,fractal dimension,and vessel diameter index were measured.The repeatability of the four scans was determined by the intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC).The most well-centered optic disc from the four repeated scans was then selected for the interocular correlation and agreement analysis using the Pearson correlation coefficient,ICC and Bland-Altman plots.RESULTS:All swept-source-OCTA ONH parameters exhibited certain repeatability,with ICC>0.760 and coefficient of variation(CoV)≤7.301%.The obvious interocular correlation was observed for papillary vessel density(ICC=0.857),vessel diameter index(ICC=0.857)and fractal dimension(ICC=0.906),while circumpapillary vessel density exhibited moderate interocular correlation(ICC=0.687).Bland-Altman plots revealed an agreement range of-5.26%to 6.21%for circumpapillary vessel density.CONCLUSION:OCTA ONH parameters demonstrate good repeatability in healthy subjects.The interocular correlations of papillary vessel density,fractal dimension and vessel diameter index are high,but the correlation for circumpapillary vessel density is moderate.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2019YFA0607103)the National Forestry and Grassland Administration of China(91217-2022,202999922001,213023721203)。
文摘The Oriental Stork(Ciconia boyciana)is listed as'Endangered'on the International Union for the Conservation of Nature(IUCN)Red List of Threatened Species and is classified as a first category nationally protected bird species in China.Understanding this species'seasonal movements and migration will facilitate effective conservation to promote its population.We tagged 27 Oriental Stork nestlings at Xingkai Lake on the Sanjiang Plain in Heilongjiang Province,China,used GPS tracking to follow them over the periods of 2014-2017 and 2019-2022,and confirmed their detailed migratory routes using the spatial analysis function of ArcGIS 10.7.We discovered four migration routes during autumn migration:one common long-distance migration route in which the storks migrated along the coastline of Bohai Bay to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River for wintering,one short-distance migration route in which the storks wintered in Bohai Bay and two other migration routes in which the storks crossed the Bohai Strait around the Yellow River and wintered in South Korea.There were no significant differences in the number of migration days,residence days,migration distances,number of stopovers and average number of days spent at stopover sites between the autumn and spring migrations(P>0.05).However,the storks migrated significantly faster in spring than in autumn(P=0.03).The same individuals did not exhibit a high degree of repetition in their migration timing and route selection in either autumn or spring migration.Even storks from the same nest exhibited considerable between-individual variation in their migration routes.Some important stopover sites were identified,especially in the Bohai Rim Region and on the Songnen Plain,and we further explored the current conservation status at these two important sites.Overall,our results contribute to the understanding of the annual migration,dispersal and protection status of the endangered Oriental Stork and provide a scientific basis for conservation decisions and the development of action plans for this species.
文摘AIM:To evaluate the repeatability of central corneal thickness(CCT) measurement by entacam,and agreement of CCT measured by Pentacam and ultrasound pachymetry(USP) in Chinese myopia.Thereby investigate the possibility of Pentacam as a substitute for USP in CCT measurement before refractive surgery.The effects of corneal curvature measured by Pentacam on CCT were also evaluated.· METHODS:One hundred and forty-eight right eyes of 148 individual with myopia were included in this study.Three successive Pentacam CCT measurements followed by 10 successive ultrasound pachymetry were carried out in the 148 eyes.Mean of CCT taken by each device was calculated for comparison.According to the CCT measured by USP,all the 148 eyes were divided into 3 groups:<520μm,520-560μm,>560μm.For all eyes and each group the CCT obtained by Pentacam and USP were compared.Anterior corneal curvature of the 148 eyes was also adopted for correlation analysis with CCT obtained by ultrasound pachymetry.In addition,CCT measurement using 60 random selected Scheimpflug images was performed by 3 skilled investigators at different time,and this was repeated for 3 times by a forth investigator to assess repeatability of Pentacam CCT measurement using Scheimpflug images.· RESULTS:Intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC) analysis revealed high intraobserver repeatability(ICC=0.994,F = 158.60,P <0.001) for CCT measurement by Pentacam.The interobserver(ICC=0.998,F =494.73,P <0.001) and intraobserver(ICC=0.997,F=383.98,P <0.001) repeatability for Pentacam CCT measurements using Scheimpflug images were also excellent.There was high positive correlation between the CCT values measured by Pentacam and ultrasound pachymetry(r =0.963,P <0.001).Bland-altman plots showed that the Pentacam underestimate the CCT by 8.02μm compared with ultrasouond pachymetry.The differences between Pentacam and USP increased as the CCT readings by USP increased(Pentacam vs USP:slope=-0.04,P < 0.05).The 95% upper and lower limits of agreement between CCT values obtained from the two devices were +9.33μm and-25.37μm.No significant association could be found between CCT and anterior corneal curvature.· CONCLUSION:Inter-and intraobserver variability for CCT measurements by Pentacam was considerably below clinically significant levels.CCT of myopia obtained by Scheimpflug camera,Pentacam,were highly correlated to that by ultrasound pachymetry.However,the values obtained are not directly interchangeable between Pentacam and ultrasound pachymetry as the 95% limits of agreement are relatively wide.Pentacam can be a useful instrument for measuring CCT in candidates to refractive surgery in clinic.
基金supported by grants from National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (No. 30801314)China Hubei Provincial Science and Technology Department (No.2008CBD088)
文摘The accuracy and repeatability of computer aided cervical vertebra landmarking (CACVL) were investigated in cephalogram.120 adolescents (60 boys,60 girls) aged from 9.1 to 17.2 years old were randomly selected.Twenty-seven landmarks from the second to fifth cervical vertebrae on the lat-eral cephalogram were identified.In this study,the system of CACVL was developed and used to iden-tify and calculate the landmarks by fast marching method and parabolic curve fitting.The accuracy and repeatability in CACVL group were compared with those in two manual landmarking groups [orthodon-tic experts (OE) group and orthodontic novices (ON) group].The results showed that,as for the accu-racy,there was no significant difference between CACVL group and OE group no matter in x-axis or y-axis (P>0.05),but there was significant difference between CACVL group and ON group,as well as OE group and ON group in both axes (P<0.05).As for the repeatability,CACVL group was more reli-able than OE group and ON group in both axes.It is concluded that CACVL has the same or higher ac-curacy,better repeatability and less workload than manual landmarking methods.It's reliable for cervi-cal parameters identification on the lateral cephalogram and cervical vertebral maturation prediction in orthodontic practice and research.
基金Supported by the Priming Scientific Research Foundation for the junior researcher in Beijing Tongren Hospital,Capital Medical University(No.2018-YJJ-ZZL-034)。
文摘AIM: To evaluate the intra-operator repeatability of time domain and swept-source Fourier domain anterior segment optical coherence tomography(AS-OCT), namely, Visante ASOCT and Casia SS-1000 OCT, in measuring the preoperative parameters of implantable collamer lens(ICL) in myopic eyes, as well as the agreement between the two devices.METHODS: A total of 97 eyes from 49 myopes were investigated in this prospective case series study. The anterior chamber depth(ACD), angle-to-angle distance(ATA), pupil diameter(PD) and crystalline lens rise(CLR) in all subjects were measured for three times during one session by the same operator. The repeatability was evaluated using the within-subject standard deviation(Sw), repeatability limits and intraclass correlation coefficients(ICC). The agreement between the two systems was evaluated using the Bland-Altman plots and 95% limits of agreement(Lo A).RESULTS: The repeatability limits of Visante AS-OCT in measuring ACD, ATA, PD and CLR were 0.099, 0.141, 0.304, and 0.079 mm, respectively. The repeatability limits of Casia SS-1000 OCT in measuring ACD, ATA, PD, and CLR were 0.105, 0.127, 0.357, and 0.082 mm, respectively. Excellent repeatability could be attained in both devices, with the ICC>0.8 for all the measured variables. The interdevice agreement was excellent(P>0.05) for ACD and ATA, but poor(P<0.05) for PD and CLR.CONCLUSION: Good repeatability can be attained by time domain and swept-source Fourier-domain OCT for all the measured variables. Moreover, interdevice agreement analysis suggests that interchangeable measurements between two devices can be achieved for ACD and ATA, but not for PD and CLR;but the differences in measurements were not clinically significant.
基金Supported by the Direction General of Universities and Research(DGUI)of the Community of Madrid(No.CCG10-UCM/BIO-4889)
文摘AIM: To determine the repeatability and agreement of stereoacuity measurements made using some of the most widely used clinical tests: Frisby, TNO, Randot and Titmus.METHODS: Stereoacuity was measured in two different sessions separated by a time interval of at least 24 h but no longer than 1wk in 74 subjects of mean age 20.6y using the four methods. The study participants were divided into two groups: subjects with normal binocular vision and subjects with abnormal binocular vision.RESULTS: Best repeatability was shown by the Frisby and Titmus [coefficient of repeatability(COR): ±13 and±12s arc respectively] in the subjects with normal binocular vision though a clear ceiling effect was noted.In the subjects with abnormal binocular vision, best repeatability was shown by the Frisby(COR: ±69s arc)and Randot(COR: ±72s arc). In both groups, the TNO test showed poorest agreement with the other tests.CONCLUSION:Therepeatabilityofstereoacuitymeasures was low in subjects with poor binocular vision yet fairly good in subjects with normal binocular vision with the exception of the TNO test. The reduced agreement detected between the tests indicates they cannot be used interchangeably.
文摘The repeatability rate is an important measure for evaluating and comparing the performance of keypoint detectors.Several repeatability rate measurementswere used in the literature to assess the effectiveness of keypoint detectors.While these repeatability rates are calculated for pairs of images,the general assumption is that the reference image is often known and unchanging compared to other images in the same dataset.So,these rates are asymmetrical as they require calculations in only one direction.In addition,the image domain in which these computations take place substantially affects their values.The presented scatter diagram plots illustrate how these directional repeatability rates vary in relation to the size of the neighboring region in each pair of images.Therefore,both directional repeatability rates for the same image pair must be included when comparing different keypoint detectors.This paper,firstly,examines several commonly utilized repeatability rate measures for keypoint detector evaluations.The researcher then suggests computing a two-fold repeatability rate to assess keypoint detector performance on similar scene images.Next,the symmetric mean repeatability rate metric is computed using the given two-fold repeatability rates.Finally,these measurements are validated using well-known keypoint detectors on different image groups with various geometric and photometric attributes.
基金This study was supported by hospital research project,No.REC-2019-09.
文摘Radiomics has increasingly been investigated as a potential biomarker in quantitative imaging to facilitate personalized diagnosis and treatment of head and neck cancer(HNC),a group of malignancies associated with high heterogeneity.However,the feature reliability of radiomics is a major obstacle to its broad validity and generality in application to the highly heterogeneous head and neck(HN)tissues.In particular,feature repeatability of radiomics in magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)acquisition,which is considered a crucial confounding factor of radiomics feature reliability,is still sparsely investigated.This study prospectively investigated the acquisition repeatability of 93 MRI radiomics features in ten HN tissues of 15 healthy volunteers,aiming for potential magnetic resonance-guided radiotherapy(MRgRT)treatment of HNC.Each subject underwent four MRI acquisitions with MRgRT treatment position and immobilization using two pulse sequences of 3D T1-weighed turbo spin-echo and 3D T2-weighed turbo spin-echo on a 1.5T MRI simulator.The repeatability of radiomics feature acquisition was evaluated in terms of the intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC),whereas within-subject acquisition variability was evaluated in terms of the coefficient of variation(CV).The results showed that MRI radiomics features exhibited heterogeneous acquisition variability and uncertainty dependent on feature types,tissues,and pulse sequences.Only a small fraction of features showed excellent acquisition repeatability(ICC>0.9)and low within-subject variability.Multiple MRI scans improved the accuracy and confidence of the identification of reliable features concerning MRI acquisition compared to simple test-retest repeated scans.This study contributes to the literature on the reliability of radiomics features with respect to MRI acquisition and the selection of reliable radiomics features for use in modeling in future HNC MRgRT applications.
基金Supported in part by the“Grups d’InvestigacióEmergents”Grant funded by the Generalitat Valenciana(GV/2015/046)the“Atraccióde talent”research scholarship(Universitat de València)awarded to Alberto DomínguezVicent(UV-INV-PREDOC13-110412)
文摘● AIM: To evaluate the repeatability of an optical device for measuring the Zernike coefficients of toric intraocular lenses(IOLs) and assess whether its toricity has any impact in its repeatability.● METHODS: An experienced technician used the NIMO TR1504 to measure the Zernike coefficients 30 times for an aperture of 4.50 mm for all lenses included. The IOLs included were divided into two group: toric and nontoric ones. The cylindrical powers of the toric lenses included in the present study were 1.00, 1.50, 2.25, 3.00 and 3.75 D. Finally, the repeatability of the NIMO TR1504 was described in terms of within subject standard deviation(Sw) and repeatability limit.● RESULTS: The Sw was smaller than 0.011 μm for both lens groups and all Zernike coefficients, and the difference between both groups was smaller than 0.004 μm for all Zernike coefficients. Regarding the repeatability limit, this value was smaller than 0.025 μm for the toric lens group, and smaller than 0.031 μm for the non-toric lens one for all Zernike coefficients. Furthermore, the maximum difference between both lens groups was 0.010 μm.● CONCLUSION: The repeatability of the NIMO TR1504 to measure the optical quality is high and independent of the lens toricity. These results reflect that this system is robust and could be used to measure the in-vitro optical quality of either toric or non-toric IOLs.
文摘Various factors that affect the repeatability of an apparatusfor the measurement of veiling glare index of a long focal length opticalsystem are discussed,which include the errors influencing the radianceuniformity of the extended bright field,positions of the detector,measuring aperture,and the black patch.The results can be used in thedesign of any veiling glare measurement apparatus.
文摘According to the method for predicting strong earthquakes using seismicity patterns,this paper summarizes the seismicity anomalies, generally called anomalous seismicity patterns,as the basis for prediction based on some historical data in the Sichuan-Yunnan seismic zone. Using our results,it can be confirmed that these anomaly patterns,which reflect the features of the late stage of strong earthquake preparation process and stress release in the main shock rupture zone,did exist before many earthquake cases. This paper also introduced the characteristics of seismic repeatability and its validation result,and discussed the mechanism of repeatability,which will have an application value for strong earthquake tendency prediction.
文摘This study aimed to detect genotypic differences in the resistance to sprouting of wheat grains, evaluate the effectiveness of different methods for inducing sprouting and identify, using repeatability estimates, the minimum number of spikes necessary for the adequate evaluation of the percentage of grain sprouting in the spike in order to assist in the selection of superior genotypes in breeding programs. Spikes from four wheat cultivars (Frontana, IPR Catuara, Quartzo and BRS 220) were evaluated using three methods for inducing grain sprouting in the spike (water immersion, rainfall simulation and germination chamber). To determine the most efficient method, repeatability coefficients were estimated through analysis of variance, principal components analysis and structural analysis based on correlation and covariance matrices. The induction of sprouting by immersion in water was the most effective method for indicating genotypic differences and may be used in breeding programs for this purpose. The repeatability method based on the components of covariance was more efficient. A minimum of 11 spikes is required to make a high-reliability estimate of the percentage of sprouted grains in the spike.
文摘The efficacy of selective laser trabeculoplasty(SLT)to treat open-angle glaucoma(OAG)and ocular hypertension(OHT)has been increasingly substantiated lately.Repeated SLT is usually needed to control intraocular pressure(IOP),be it as primary or adjunctive therapy.We review the studies available,in terms of SLT repeatability;and conclude comparable efficacy,with success rate,duration and complications similar to those in initial SLT.
基金the Medical and Health Science and Technology Program of Zhejiang Province(2019KY111)Foundation of Wenzhou City Science&Technology Bureau(Y2020037)+1 种基金EYE&ENT Hospital of Fudan University High-level Talents Program(2021318)Clinical Research Plan of SHDC(SHDC2020CR1043B)。
文摘Background:To evaluate the precision of corneal higher-order aberrations measurements after small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)using the Sirius Scheimpfug-Placido topographer(CSO,Italy).Methods:Seventy-fve eyes from 75 postoperative subjects were included in this prospective study.Three consecutive corneal aberrometric measurements were obtained with the Scheimpfug-Placido topographer by two experienced operators to assess intra-and inter-observer reproducibility.The within-subject standard deviation(Sw),test-retest repeatability(TRT)and the intraclass correlation coefcient(ICC)were calculated.Results:For intraobserver repeatability of anterior and total corneal aberrations,all ICCs were more than 0.922,except for trefoil(0.722 to 0.768).The ICCs of total root mean square(RMS),coma Z(3,±1),and spherical aberration Z(4,0)were over 0.810 while higher-order RMS,trefoil Z(3,±3),and astigmatism II Z(4,±2)were below 0.634 for posterior corneal surface aberrations.All Sw values for all types of aberrations were equal to or below 0.07μm.Regarding interobserver reproducibility,all TRT values were no more than 0.12μm,0.05μm,and 0.11μm for anterior,posterior,and total corneal aberrations,respectively.The ICC values ranged from 0.875 to 0.989,from 0.686 to 0.976 and over 0.834 for anterior,posterior,and total corneal aberrations,respectively.Conclusions:The repeatability of measurements of anterior and total corneal aberrations with the Sirius system in corneas after SMILE surgery was high,except for trefoil.There was some variability in posterior corneal aberrometric measurements.High reproducibility of corneal aberrometric measurements was observed between measurements of both examiners,except for trefoil,with poor to moderate reproducibility.
基金The ethics committee of our institution approved our study protocol and amendments(n°22.04729.000226).
文摘Sagittal knee laxity is often quantified using arthrometers. Adding rotational laxity and compliance measurementsis relatively new and could bring new information for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury diagnosis. TheDYNEELAX® is a new knee arthrometer able to evaluate simultaneously tibial translation and rotation. Thepurpose is to assess the sensitivity, reproducibility and repeatability of the DYNEELAX® with a prototype leg toprovide accurate instructions before using it in clinical practice. Sensitivity is studied by varying 7 parameters(positioning and sensors), and reproducibility by repeating measurement series with a group of two experiencedoperators and a group of two non-experienced operators. Repeatability is assessed throughout the study. Theresults showed that DYNEELAX® is poorly sensitive to the angle and the position of the displacement sensor, andthe angle of the rotation sensor. It is a bit sensitive to positioning of patella and ankle supports. It is very sensitiveto the tightening of the patella and ankle supports. It exists a significant difference only between groups (p <0.001), but there is no significant difference between the two experienced operators (p > 0.215), or between thetwo non-experienced operators (p > 0.229). Variation coefficients for intra-series are on average inferior to 5% fortranslation and rotation tests. Then, the DYNEELAX® presented encouraging results with a good accuracy and agood reliability but operators must be careful about positioning.
文摘Purpose The constant work-rate to exhaustion tests must be repeated several times at each work-rate to estimate subject-level trial-to-trial variance(intra-individual variability,IIV)of critical power(CP)and work capacity(W').Alternatively,these parameters and their variance can be estimated by repeating the 3-min all-out test(3MT)fewer times.The purpose of this study was to propose a method to determine subject-level repeatability of the 3MT and demonstrate the need to repeat the test multiple times to estimate IIV.Methods Seven cyclists performed a ramp test and four 3MTs on a CompuTrainer.The parameters CP,W',peak power(Pp),and total work(TW)were compared across trials using repeated measures ANOVA,Bland-Altman analysis,Intraclass Cor-relation Coefficients(ICC),Typical Error(TE)of measurement,and Coefficient of Variation(CV).Results For the group,average CP and W'were 284±58 W and 10.214±3.143 kJ.The reliability statistics,CP(ICC=0.97,TE=8 W,CV=2.94%)and W'(ICC=0.88,TE=1.11 kJ,CV=10.87%),indicated strong agreement.Subject-level repeatability was determined by comparing time-to-peak power(TPp),absolute difference in Pp(δPp),and TW(δTW)for pairs of 3MTs.The average IIVs estimated by the 95%confidence intervals were±15 W for CP and±1.68 kJ for W'.Conclusions Thresholds are proposed for TPp(7 s),δPp(10%),andδTW(3%)to determine subject-level repeatability of the 3MT before computing the IIV of CP and W'.It is suggested that the 3MT is repeated at least three times to estimate the IIV,which aids in personalized measurement of training improvements and performance optimization。
文摘An internal defect meter is an instrument to detect the internal inclusion defects of cold-rolled strip steel.The detection accuracy of the equipment can be evaluated based on the similarity of the multiple detection data obtained for the same steel coil.Based on the cosine similarity model and eigenvalue matrix model,a comprehensive evaluation method to calculate the weighted average of similarity is proposed.Results show that the new method is consistent with and can even replace artificial evaluation to realize the automatic evaluation of strip defect detection results.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB31000000)Science and Technology Basic Resources Investigation Program of China(2021FY100200)+1 种基金Yunnan Revitalization Talent Support Program“Young Talent”and"Innovation Team"Projectsthe 14th Five-Year Plan of Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden,Chinese Academy of Science(XTBG-1450101)。
文摘The insect mitogenome is typically a compact circular molecule with highly conserved gene contents.Nonetheless,mitogenome structural variations have been reported in specific taxa,and gene rearrangements,usually the tRNAs,occur in different lineages.Because synapomorphies of mitogenome organizations can provide information for phylogenetic inferences,comparative analyses of mitogenomes have been given increasing attention.However,most studies use a very few species to represent the whole genus,tribe,family,or even order,overlooking potential variations at lower taxonomic levels,which might lead to some incorrect inferences.To provide new insights into mitogenome organizations and their implications for phylogenetic inference,this study conducted comparative analyses for mitogenomes of three social bee tribes(Meliponini,Bombini,and Apini)based on the phylogenetic framework with denser taxonomic sampling at the species and population levels.Comparative analyses revealed that mitogenomes of Apini and Bombini are the typical type,while those of Meliponini show diverse variations in mitogenome sizes and organizations.Large inverted repeats(IRs)cause significant gene rearrangements of protein coding genes(PCGs)and rRNAs in Indo-Malay/Australian stingless bee species.Molecular evolution analyses showed that the lineage with IRs have lower dN/dS ratios for PCGs than lineages without IRs,indicating potential effects of IRs on the evolution of mitochondrial genes.The finding of IRs and different patterns of gene rearrangements suggested that Meliponini is a hotspot in mitogenome evolution.Unlike conserved PCGs and rRNAs whose rearrangements were found only in the mentioned lineages within Meliponini,tRNA rearrangements are common across all three tribes of social bees,and are significant even at the species level,indicating that comprehensive sampling is needed to fully understand the patterns of tRNA rearrangements,and their implications for phylogenetic inference.
基金the Open Competition Program of Top Ten Critical Priorities of Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation for the 14th Five-Year Plan of Guangdong Province,China(Grant No.2022SDZG05)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants Nos.32000457,31871231,and 31921004)+1 种基金the Major Program of Guangdong Basic and Applied Research,China(Grant No.2019B030302006)the Double First-Class Discipline Promotion Project,China(Grant No.2021B10564001).
文摘Pentatricopeptide repeat(PPR)proteins represent one of the largest protein families in plants and typically localize to organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts.By contrast,CYTOPLASMLOCALIZED PPR1(OsCPPR1)is a cytoplasm-localized PPR protein that can degrade OsGOLDENLIKE1(OsGLK1)mRNA in the tapetum of rice anther.However,the mechanism,by which OsCPPR1 recognizes and binds to OsGLK1 transcripts,remains unknown.Through protein structure prediction and macromolecular docking experiments,we observed that distinct PPR motif structures of OsCPPR1 exhibited varying binding efficiencies to OsGLK1 RNA.Moreover,RNA-electrophoretic mobility shift assay experiment demonstrated that the recombinant OsCPPR1 can directly recognize and bind to OsGLK1 mRNA in vitro.This further confirmed that the mutations in the conserved amino acids in each PPR motif resulted in loss of activity,while truncation of OsCPPR1 decreased its binding efficiency.These findings collectively suggest that it may require some co-factors to assist in cleavage,a facet that warrants further exploration in subsequent studies.
