The research methods of the history of Mongolian medicine refer to the general and special methods used in the understanding and research of the history of Mongolian medicine,as well as the methods of expression and c...The research methods of the history of Mongolian medicine refer to the general and special methods used in the understanding and research of the history of Mongolian medicine,as well as the methods of expression and compilation of the research achievements of the history of Mongolian medicine.There are not only analysis and generalization,abstractness and concreteness,deduction and induction,historical and logical methods,but also traditional philology methods such as textual research,exegesis and collation,as well as new methods such as field investigation method,empirical method,measurement method,comparison method,and oral account method.In the actual research process,a variety of methods are often used comprehensively.This paper mainly discusses the methods used by Professor Ba Jigemude in the study of the history of Mongolian medicine,and uses specific cases to analyze and summarize the formation and development of the history of ancient traditional medicine.展开更多
AIM To describe the development and validation of a novel neuronavigation-based method, which allows the quan-tification of the anatomical features that define an approach, as well as real-time visualization of the su...AIM To describe the development and validation of a novel neuronavigation-based method, which allows the quan-tification of the anatomical features that define an approach, as well as real-time visualization of the surgical pyramid. METHODS The method was initially developed with commerciallyavailable hardware for coordinate collection(a digitizer and a frameless navigation system) and software for volume rendering; dedicated neuronavigation software(ApproachV iewer, part of GTx-UHN) was then developed. The accuracy of measurements and the possibility of volumetric rendering of surgical approaches simulated in a phantom were compared among three different methods and commercially-available radiological software. In the anatomy laboratory, ApproachV iewer was applied to the comparative quantitative analysis of multiple neurosurgical approaches and was used by many surgeons who were untrained for the research method.RESULTS The accuracy of ApproachV iewer is comparable to commercially-available radiological software. In the anatomy laboratory, the method appears versatile. The system can be easily used after brief training. ApproachV iewer allows for real-time evaluation and comparison of surgical approaches, as well as post-dissection analyses of collected data. The accuracy of the method depends on the navigation registration: with a 1-2 mm registration error, it is adequate for evaluation and comparison of most neurosurgical approaches.CONCLUSION This new research method and software allows semiautomated visualization, quantification, and comparison of neurosurgical approaches in the anatomy laboratory.展开更多
Farmland weeds are an important part of farmland ecosystems.Research on farmland weeds is one of the major research fields in agricultural ecology.It is of great significance for achieving high yield,high quality and ...Farmland weeds are an important part of farmland ecosystems.Research on farmland weeds is one of the major research fields in agricultural ecology.It is of great significance for achieving high yield,high quality and high efficiency in agriculture.In recent years,research on farmland weeds has focused on investigation of weed communities,research on weed seed banks,and research on weed control.These three research directions complement each other.Among them,the investigation work of weed communities and the research of weed seed banks are helpful for us to grasp the occurrence of farmland weeds more accurately and provide references for the control of farmland weeds.This article summarizes the research directions of farmland weeds in recent years(weed community investigation,weed seed bank,weed control)and the research methods used,provide reference value for the follow-up research work of farmland weeds,and provide theoretical support for promoting the development of rural ecological industry and building beautiful villages.展开更多
With the vigorous development of innovation and entrepreneurship in China,a large number of managers of innovation and entrepreneurship enterprises are studying for MBA degree.The enrollment scale of the MBA program i...With the vigorous development of innovation and entrepreneurship in China,a large number of managers of innovation and entrepreneurship enterprises are studying for MBA degree.The enrollment scale of the MBA program is expanding.In order to improve the quality of MBA dissertation and promote the sustainable and healthy development of MBA education,based on the author's years of MBA teaching experience and dissertation writing guidance experience,this paper introduces three research methods of dissertation writing skills:case study method,enterprise diagnosis method and survey research method,and analyzes five steps of MBA dissertation writing,which can be used as a reference for MBA(EMBA)students to improve their dissertation writing level.展开更多
This study combs through the frequently cited papers on L2 pragmatic competence of Chinese tertiary-level students from CNKI,and analyzes the research methods used in these studies.The findings are:Metapragmatic judge...This study combs through the frequently cited papers on L2 pragmatic competence of Chinese tertiary-level students from CNKI,and analyzes the research methods used in these studies.The findings are:Metapragmatic judgement item,discourse completion task,role play,and verbal reports are the most widely used instruments in the study of L2 pragmatic competence of Chinese tertiary-level students.Besides,other methods like natural comprehension and elicited conversation have received more attention in recent years.展开更多
Human is the subject of social and historical development process.The essence of human is the sum of social relations,and the masses are the creators of history.This is the basic content of social subject research met...Human is the subject of social and historical development process.The essence of human is the sum of social relations,and the masses are the creators of history.This is the basic content of social subject research methods,and also an important principle that must be followed by the subject category in ideology and politics education in colleges and universities.From the perspective of social subject research methods,the internal examination of the thought and politics education activities in colleges and universities should include three basic dimensions:adhering to examine the ideological and political moral construction activities via communicative practice,adhering to the principle of"all members,whole process and all dimensions(three-all principle)"to examine the"macro ideological and political"education concept,and adhering to the examination of the innovation of the ideology and politics education method system in higher education for the promotion of students’subjectivity.展开更多
Psoriasis is a chronic,refractory,inflammatory skin disease that occurs in young adults.The traditional animal model cannot simulate the skin characteristics of patients with psoriasis effectively,so it is difficult t...Psoriasis is a chronic,refractory,inflammatory skin disease that occurs in young adults.The traditional animal model cannot simulate the skin characteristics of patients with psoriasis effectively,so it is difficult to be used for in-depth study of psoriasis mechanism.Immortalized human epidermal cells(HaCaT) is a non-tumor,immortalized human epidermal cell which is widely used in the study of dermatosis.HaCaT cells are the best choice for the study of psoriasis mechanism because their immu.nological characteristics and reproductive ability are coincide with the pathological features of psoriasis.This article reviews the specific methods such as establishment of cell method,cytokine and chemo.kine analysisin the pathogenesis study of psoriasis based on HaCaT cells,hoping to provide some thoughts for drug′s pharmacological activity research.展开更多
The present paper first reviewed the major concepts and practices involves in research. A small study was conducted to survey on the prevailing research questions and methods in ELT studies in China, showing a major p...The present paper first reviewed the major concepts and practices involves in research. A small study was conducted to survey on the prevailing research questions and methods in ELT studies in China, showing a major paradigm shift from qualitative studies to quantitative research and mixed methods, with little critical research identified.展开更多
Telephone interviewing is a crucial but not well-documented qualitative research method in sociology.Such aspects as how to conduct a telephone interview and by whom such a method is best used,are illustrated specific...Telephone interviewing is a crucial but not well-documented qualitative research method in sociology.Such aspects as how to conduct a telephone interview and by whom such a method is best used,are illustrated specifically.More importantly,the advantages and disadvantages of telephone interviews are critically exploited.As a relatively cheap,flexible and reliable means of gathering data,telephone interview deserves more attention.Moreover,due to such obstacles as sampling,establishing rapport and recognizing the limitations of data generated,it is best to use telephone interviewing for educational research in conjunction with other data collection methods.展开更多
This paper tries to apply a new and more comprehensive method to urban tourism research in an expanded field instead of only partially, unilaterally and separately focusing on the city itself. Taking the urban tourism...This paper tries to apply a new and more comprehensive method to urban tourism research in an expanded field instead of only partially, unilaterally and separately focusing on the city itself. Taking the urban tourism of Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao as an example, it aims at presenting a new spatial system of urban tourism research and pointing out the new orientation of urban tourism research in combination of macro level and micro level, from description to explanation. The meanings of the spatial framework construction for urban tourism study are to make clear how urban tourism studies vary with the changes of dimensions of time and space. This is a meaningful discussion because it will bring great changes to the using of literatures, the opening of research perspectives on urban tourism and the upgrading of theories, so as to create a new stage for urban tourism study.展开更多
Since the 1990s, with the in-depth study and understanding of sustainable development, quantitative study of regional sustainable development (RSD) was increasingly hot in China. Based on quantitative study of RSD fro...Since the 1990s, with the in-depth study and understanding of sustainable development, quantitative study of regional sustainable development (RSD) was increasingly hot in China. Based on quantitative study of RSD from Core Periodical in China National Knowledge Infrastructure (1992–2008), statistical analysis on the annual distribution, periodicals distribution and changes of the distribution were made. And from perspectives of social–economic, ecological, systematic and emerging methods, the course, problems and trends of the quantitative study methods on RSD were examined and analyzed to get a clear summary. By the review, the context on the quantitative study of RSD was to be clarified. The study also showed that, primarily, fields involving quantitative study are expanding; second, big progresses and constant development have been made on the systematic method gradually sophisticated, the flourishing ecological method and emerging new methods in the context of cross and integration which has made complex integrated systems a more satisfactory solution; third, the method system has been more multi-angled, and the clues of independent innovation have been observed despite the fact that the introduction of imported method is the main trend. Although many problems exist, multi-scale study, dynamic timeseries study and inter-regional comparative study will be further exploited and increasingly carried out with the progress of spatial information technology, which would boost the development and application of new methods in RSD study.展开更多
The Delphi technique is a systematic process of forecasting using the collective opinion of panel members.The structured method of developing consensus among panel members using Delphi methodology has gained acceptanc...The Delphi technique is a systematic process of forecasting using the collective opinion of panel members.The structured method of developing consensus among panel members using Delphi methodology has gained acceptance in diverse fields of medicine.The Delphi methods assumed a pivotal role in the last few decades to develop best practice guidance using collective intelligence where research is limited,ethically/logistically difficult or evidence is conflicting.However,the attempts to assess the quality standard of Delphi studies have reported significant variance,and details of the process followed are usually unclear.We recommend systematic quality tools for evaluation of Delphi methodology;identification of problem area of research,selection of panel,anonymity of panelists,controlled feedback,iterative Delphi rounds,consensus criteria,analysis of consensus,closing criteria,and stability of the results.Based on these nine qualitative evaluation points,we assessed the quality of Delphi studies in the medical field related to coronavirus disease 2019.There was inconsistency in reporting vital elements of Delphi methods such as identification of panel members,defining consensus,closing criteria for rounds,and presenting the results.We propose our evaluation points for researchers,medical journal editorial boards,and reviewers to evaluate the quality of the Delphi methods in healthcare research.展开更多
Long noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs)are functional RNA molecules which are longer than 200 nucleotides in length that do not encode proteins;instead,they regulate target gene expression at transcriptional,posttranscriptional,...Long noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs)are functional RNA molecules which are longer than 200 nucleotides in length that do not encode proteins;instead,they regulate target gene expression at transcriptional,posttranscriptional,and epigenetic levels.LncRNAs play important roles in various biological processes such as dosage compensation,genomic imprinting,cell cycle regulation,and cell differentiation.Although their characterizations have been relatively straightforward with recent advances in modern biology,the functions of lncRNAs are largely unknown.Herein,we discuss the biological functions and research methods of lncRNAs.展开更多
文摘The research methods of the history of Mongolian medicine refer to the general and special methods used in the understanding and research of the history of Mongolian medicine,as well as the methods of expression and compilation of the research achievements of the history of Mongolian medicine.There are not only analysis and generalization,abstractness and concreteness,deduction and induction,historical and logical methods,but also traditional philology methods such as textual research,exegesis and collation,as well as new methods such as field investigation method,empirical method,measurement method,comparison method,and oral account method.In the actual research process,a variety of methods are often used comprehensively.This paper mainly discusses the methods used by Professor Ba Jigemude in the study of the history of Mongolian medicine,and uses specific cases to analyze and summarize the formation and development of the history of ancient traditional medicine.
基金Supported by Fondazione"Giuseppe Alazio",via Torquato Tasso,22,90144 Palermo,Italy(to Doglietto F)
文摘AIM To describe the development and validation of a novel neuronavigation-based method, which allows the quan-tification of the anatomical features that define an approach, as well as real-time visualization of the surgical pyramid. METHODS The method was initially developed with commerciallyavailable hardware for coordinate collection(a digitizer and a frameless navigation system) and software for volume rendering; dedicated neuronavigation software(ApproachV iewer, part of GTx-UHN) was then developed. The accuracy of measurements and the possibility of volumetric rendering of surgical approaches simulated in a phantom were compared among three different methods and commercially-available radiological software. In the anatomy laboratory, ApproachV iewer was applied to the comparative quantitative analysis of multiple neurosurgical approaches and was used by many surgeons who were untrained for the research method.RESULTS The accuracy of ApproachV iewer is comparable to commercially-available radiological software. In the anatomy laboratory, the method appears versatile. The system can be easily used after brief training. ApproachV iewer allows for real-time evaluation and comparison of surgical approaches, as well as post-dissection analyses of collected data. The accuracy of the method depends on the navigation registration: with a 1-2 mm registration error, it is adequate for evaluation and comparison of most neurosurgical approaches.CONCLUSION This new research method and software allows semiautomated visualization, quantification, and comparison of neurosurgical approaches in the anatomy laboratory.
文摘Farmland weeds are an important part of farmland ecosystems.Research on farmland weeds is one of the major research fields in agricultural ecology.It is of great significance for achieving high yield,high quality and high efficiency in agriculture.In recent years,research on farmland weeds has focused on investigation of weed communities,research on weed seed banks,and research on weed control.These three research directions complement each other.Among them,the investigation work of weed communities and the research of weed seed banks are helpful for us to grasp the occurrence of farmland weeds more accurately and provide references for the control of farmland weeds.This article summarizes the research directions of farmland weeds in recent years(weed community investigation,weed seed bank,weed control)and the research methods used,provide reference value for the follow-up research work of farmland weeds,and provide theoretical support for promoting the development of rural ecological industry and building beautiful villages.
基金the National Social Science Found for the project"Research on the Effectiveness and Synergy of Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Promoting Employment"(Project No.19BJY057).
文摘With the vigorous development of innovation and entrepreneurship in China,a large number of managers of innovation and entrepreneurship enterprises are studying for MBA degree.The enrollment scale of the MBA program is expanding.In order to improve the quality of MBA dissertation and promote the sustainable and healthy development of MBA education,based on the author's years of MBA teaching experience and dissertation writing guidance experience,this paper introduces three research methods of dissertation writing skills:case study method,enterprise diagnosis method and survey research method,and analyzes five steps of MBA dissertation writing,which can be used as a reference for MBA(EMBA)students to improve their dissertation writing level.
文摘This study combs through the frequently cited papers on L2 pragmatic competence of Chinese tertiary-level students from CNKI,and analyzes the research methods used in these studies.The findings are:Metapragmatic judgement item,discourse completion task,role play,and verbal reports are the most widely used instruments in the study of L2 pragmatic competence of Chinese tertiary-level students.Besides,other methods like natural comprehension and elicited conversation have received more attention in recent years.
文摘Human is the subject of social and historical development process.The essence of human is the sum of social relations,and the masses are the creators of history.This is the basic content of social subject research methods,and also an important principle that must be followed by the subject category in ideology and politics education in colleges and universities.From the perspective of social subject research methods,the internal examination of the thought and politics education activities in colleges and universities should include three basic dimensions:adhering to examine the ideological and political moral construction activities via communicative practice,adhering to the principle of"all members,whole process and all dimensions(three-all principle)"to examine the"macro ideological and political"education concept,and adhering to the examination of the innovation of the ideology and politics education method system in higher education for the promotion of students’subjectivity.
文摘Psoriasis is a chronic,refractory,inflammatory skin disease that occurs in young adults.The traditional animal model cannot simulate the skin characteristics of patients with psoriasis effectively,so it is difficult to be used for in-depth study of psoriasis mechanism.Immortalized human epidermal cells(HaCaT) is a non-tumor,immortalized human epidermal cell which is widely used in the study of dermatosis.HaCaT cells are the best choice for the study of psoriasis mechanism because their immu.nological characteristics and reproductive ability are coincide with the pathological features of psoriasis.This article reviews the specific methods such as establishment of cell method,cytokine and chemo.kine analysisin the pathogenesis study of psoriasis based on HaCaT cells,hoping to provide some thoughts for drug′s pharmacological activity research.
文摘The present paper first reviewed the major concepts and practices involves in research. A small study was conducted to survey on the prevailing research questions and methods in ELT studies in China, showing a major paradigm shift from qualitative studies to quantitative research and mixed methods, with little critical research identified.
文摘Telephone interviewing is a crucial but not well-documented qualitative research method in sociology.Such aspects as how to conduct a telephone interview and by whom such a method is best used,are illustrated specifically.More importantly,the advantages and disadvantages of telephone interviews are critically exploited.As a relatively cheap,flexible and reliable means of gathering data,telephone interview deserves more attention.Moreover,due to such obstacles as sampling,establishing rapport and recognizing the limitations of data generated,it is best to use telephone interviewing for educational research in conjunction with other data collection methods.
基金Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No .40201017)
文摘This paper tries to apply a new and more comprehensive method to urban tourism research in an expanded field instead of only partially, unilaterally and separately focusing on the city itself. Taking the urban tourism of Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao as an example, it aims at presenting a new spatial system of urban tourism research and pointing out the new orientation of urban tourism research in combination of macro level and micro level, from description to explanation. The meanings of the spatial framework construction for urban tourism study are to make clear how urban tourism studies vary with the changes of dimensions of time and space. This is a meaningful discussion because it will bring great changes to the using of literatures, the opening of research perspectives on urban tourism and the upgrading of theories, so as to create a new stage for urban tourism study.
基金supported by Research Projects of Province-ministry Co-constructing Henan University (Grant no. SBGJ090111)Research Projects of Social Science Plan in Shandong Province (Grant no. 08DJGJ16)Humanities and Social Science Research Projects Authorized by Education Department of Shandong Province (Grant no. J08WE14)
文摘Since the 1990s, with the in-depth study and understanding of sustainable development, quantitative study of regional sustainable development (RSD) was increasingly hot in China. Based on quantitative study of RSD from Core Periodical in China National Knowledge Infrastructure (1992–2008), statistical analysis on the annual distribution, periodicals distribution and changes of the distribution were made. And from perspectives of social–economic, ecological, systematic and emerging methods, the course, problems and trends of the quantitative study methods on RSD were examined and analyzed to get a clear summary. By the review, the context on the quantitative study of RSD was to be clarified. The study also showed that, primarily, fields involving quantitative study are expanding; second, big progresses and constant development have been made on the systematic method gradually sophisticated, the flourishing ecological method and emerging new methods in the context of cross and integration which has made complex integrated systems a more satisfactory solution; third, the method system has been more multi-angled, and the clues of independent innovation have been observed despite the fact that the introduction of imported method is the main trend. Although many problems exist, multi-scale study, dynamic timeseries study and inter-regional comparative study will be further exploited and increasingly carried out with the progress of spatial information technology, which would boost the development and application of new methods in RSD study.
文摘The Delphi technique is a systematic process of forecasting using the collective opinion of panel members.The structured method of developing consensus among panel members using Delphi methodology has gained acceptance in diverse fields of medicine.The Delphi methods assumed a pivotal role in the last few decades to develop best practice guidance using collective intelligence where research is limited,ethically/logistically difficult or evidence is conflicting.However,the attempts to assess the quality standard of Delphi studies have reported significant variance,and details of the process followed are usually unclear.We recommend systematic quality tools for evaluation of Delphi methodology;identification of problem area of research,selection of panel,anonymity of panelists,controlled feedback,iterative Delphi rounds,consensus criteria,analysis of consensus,closing criteria,and stability of the results.Based on these nine qualitative evaluation points,we assessed the quality of Delphi studies in the medical field related to coronavirus disease 2019.There was inconsistency in reporting vital elements of Delphi methods such as identification of panel members,defining consensus,closing criteria for rounds,and presenting the results.We propose our evaluation points for researchers,medical journal editorial boards,and reviewers to evaluate the quality of the Delphi methods in healthcare research.
文摘Long noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs)are functional RNA molecules which are longer than 200 nucleotides in length that do not encode proteins;instead,they regulate target gene expression at transcriptional,posttranscriptional,and epigenetic levels.LncRNAs play important roles in various biological processes such as dosage compensation,genomic imprinting,cell cycle regulation,and cell differentiation.Although their characterizations have been relatively straightforward with recent advances in modern biology,the functions of lncRNAs are largely unknown.Herein,we discuss the biological functions and research methods of lncRNAs.
