Feldspar Pb isotopes have been widely used to trace magmatic formation and evolution processes.However,it remains unclear whether post-magmatic thermal events can affect feldspar Pb isotopic ratios.Here,the in situ Pb...Feldspar Pb isotopes have been widely used to trace magmatic formation and evolution processes.However,it remains unclear whether post-magmatic thermal events can affect feldspar Pb isotopic ratios.Here,the in situ Pb isotopic composition of feldspar hosted in granitic rocks(thirteen Archean and one Paleoproterozoic)from the northern Kongling terrane,Yangtze Craton,South China,is analyzed.The samples reveal a substantial variation in their Pb isotopic composition,spanning the gap between the 1.9 Ga and present-day geochrons,which indicates extensive resetting by later tectonothermal events.This resetting was interpreted to have likely resulted from Paleoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic tectonothermal events related to the assembly and breakup of the Columbia and Rodinia supercontinents.These results suggest that Pb isotopes should be used cautiously when tracing magma sources and petrogenesis in magmatic rocks that have experienced post-magmatic reworking.However,the in situ Pb isotopic composition of feldspar in ancient granitoids may also potentially be used to reveal later tectonothermal events.The extensive resetting of the Pb isotopic composition in feldspar by regional thermal events may also provide new insights into our understanding of the Pb isotope paradox.展开更多
Understanding the mechanisms of parent-daughter isotopic mobility at the nanoscale is key to rigorous interpretation of Ue The Pb data and associated dating. Until now, all nanoscale geochronological studies on geolog...Understanding the mechanisms of parent-daughter isotopic mobility at the nanoscale is key to rigorous interpretation of Ue The Pb data and associated dating. Until now, all nanoscale geochronological studies on geological samples have relied on either Transmission Electron Microscope(TEM) or Atom Probe Microscopy(APM) characterizations alone, thus suffering from the respective weaknesses of each technique. Here we focus on monazite crystals from a ~1 Ga, ultrahigh temperature granulite from Rogaland(Norway). This sample has recorded concordant UeP b dates(measured by LA-ICP-MS) that range over 100 My, with the three domains yielding distinct isotopic Ue Pb ages of 1034 ± 6 Ma(D1; Srich core), 1005 ± 7 Ma(D2), and 935 ± 7 Ma(D3), respectively. Combined APM and TEM characterization of these monazite crystals reveal phase separation that led to the isolation of two different radiogenic Pb(Pb*) reservoirs at the nanoscale. The S-rich core of these monazite crystals contains Cae Srich clusters, 5 -10 nm in size, homogenously distributed within the monazite matrix with a mean interparticle distance of 40 -60 nm. The clusters acted as a sink for radiogenic Pb(Pb*) produced in the monazite matrix, which was reset at the nanoscale via Pb diffusion while the grain remained closed at the micro-scale. Compared to the concordant ages given by conventional micro-scale dating of the grain,the apparent nano-scale age of the monazite matrix in between clusters is about 100 Myr younger, which compares remarkably well to the duration of the metamorphic event. This study highlights the capabilities of combined APM-TEM nano-structural and nano-isotopic characterizations in dating and timing of geological events, allowing the detection of processes untraceable with conventional dating methods.展开更多
Presently,we develop a simplified corticothalamic(SCT)model and propose a single-pulse alternately resetting stimulation(SARS)with sequentially applying anodic(A,“+”)or cathodic(C,“−”)phase pulses to the thalamic ...Presently,we develop a simplified corticothalamic(SCT)model and propose a single-pulse alternately resetting stimulation(SARS)with sequentially applying anodic(A,“+”)or cathodic(C,“−”)phase pulses to the thalamic reticular(RE)nuclei,thalamus-cortex(TC)relay nuclei,and cortical excitatory(EX)neurons,respectively.Abatement effects of ACC-SARS of RE,TC,and EX for the 2 Hz-4 Hz spike and wave discharges(SWD)of absence seizures are then concerned.The m∶n on-off ACC-SARS protocol is shown to effectively reduce the SWD with the least current consumption.In particular,when its frequency is out of the 2 Hz-4 Hz SWD dominant rhythm,the desired seizure abatements can be obtained,which can be further improved by our proposed directional steering(DS)stimulation.The dynamical explanations for the SARS induced seizure abatements are lastly given by calculating the averaged mean firing rate(AMFR)of neurons and triggering averaged mean firing rates(TAMFRs)of 2 Hz-4 Hz SWD.展开更多
Time delays exist widely in real systems, and time-delayed interactions can result in abundant dynamic behaviors and functions in dynamic networks. Inferring the time delays and interactions is challenging due to syst...Time delays exist widely in real systems, and time-delayed interactions can result in abundant dynamic behaviors and functions in dynamic networks. Inferring the time delays and interactions is challenging due to systematic nonlinearity,noises, a lack of information, and so on. Recently, Shi et al. proposed a random state variable resetting method to detect the interactions in a continuous-time dynamic network. By arbitrarily resetting the state variable of a driving node, the equivalent coupling functions of the driving node to any response node in the network can be reconstructed. In this paper,we introduce this method in time-delayed dynamic networks. To infer actual time delays, the nearest neighbor correlation(NNC) function for a given time delay is defined. The significant increments of NNC originate from the delayed effect.Based on the increments, the time delays can be reconstructed and the reconstruction errors depend on the sampling time interval. After time delays are accurately identified, the equivalent coupling functions can also be reconstructed. The numerical results have fully verified the validity of the theoretical analysis.展开更多
Winter plants rely on vernalization,a crucial process for adapting to cold conditions and ensuring successful reproduction.However,understanding the role of histone modifications in guiding the vernalization process i...Winter plants rely on vernalization,a crucial process for adapting to cold conditions and ensuring successful reproduction.However,understanding the role of histone modifications in guiding the vernalization process in winter wheat remains limited.In this study,we investigated the transcriptome and chromatin dynamics in the shoot apex throughout the life cycle of winter wheat in the field.Two core histone modifications,H3K27me3 and H3K36me3,exhibited opposite patterns on the key vernalization gene VERNALIZATION1(VRN1),correlating with its induction during cold exposure.Moreover,the H3K36me3 level remained high at VRN1 after cold exposure,which may maintain its active state.Mutations in FERTILIZATION-INDEPENDENT ENDOSPERM(TaFIE)and SET DOMAIN GROUP 8/EARLY FLOWERING IN SHORT DAYS(TaSDG8/TaEFS),components of the writer complex for H3K27me3 and H3K36me3,respectively,affected flowering time.Intriguingly,VRN1 lost its high expression after the cold exposure memory in the absence of H3K36me3.During embryo development,VRN1 was silenced with the removal of active histone modifications in both winter and spring wheat,with selective restoration of H3K27me3 in winter wheat.The mutant of Tafie-cr-87,a component of H3K27me3“writer”complex,did not influence the silence of VRN1during embryo development,but rather attenuated the cold exposure requirement of winter wheat.Integrating gene expression with H3K27me3 and H3K36me3 patterns identified potential regulators of flowering.This study unveils distinct roles of H3K27me3 and H3K36me3 in controlling vernalization response,maintenance,and resetting in winter wheat.展开更多
Battery energy storage systems(BESSs)are widely used in smart grids.However,power consumed by inner impedance and the capacity degradation of each battery unit become particularly severe,which has resulted in an incre...Battery energy storage systems(BESSs)are widely used in smart grids.However,power consumed by inner impedance and the capacity degradation of each battery unit become particularly severe,which has resulted in an increase in operating costs.The general economic dispatch(ED)algorithm based on marginal cost(MC)consensus is usually a proportional(P)controller,which encounters the defects of slow convergence speed and low control accuracy.In order to solve the distributed ED problem of the isolated BESS network with excellent dynamic and steady-state performance,we attempt to design a proportional integral(PI)controller with a reset mechanism(PI+R)to asymptotically promote MC consensus and total power mismatch towards 0 in this paper.To be frank,the integral term in the PI controller is reset to 0 at an appropriate time when the proportional term undergoes a zero crossing,which accelerates convergence,improves control accuracy,and avoids overshoot.The eigenvalues of the system under a PI+R controller is well analyzed,ensuring the regularity of the system and enabling the reset mechanism.To ensure supply and demand balance within the isolated BESSs,a centralized reset mechanism is introduced,so that the controller is distributed in a flow set and centralized in a jump set.To cope with Zeno behavior and input delay,a dwell time that the system resides in a flow set is given.Based on this,the system with input delays can be reduced to a time-delay free system.Considering the capacity limitation of the battery,a modified MC scheme with PI+R controller is designed.The correctness of the designed scheme is verified through relevant simulations.展开更多
The rollout of the Global Civilization Initiative(GCI)in 2023 introduced a new public good to humanity.This Chinese initiative has driven home a clear message that all nations have the right to choose their own develo...The rollout of the Global Civilization Initiative(GCI)in 2023 introduced a new public good to humanity.This Chinese initiative has driven home a clear message that all nations have the right to choose their own development paths in their pursuit of modernization,which is not necessarily synonymous with Westernization,as demonstrated by China’s example.展开更多
The original rock formation age and metamorphic history of Chencai Group are one of the keys to understanding tectonics and early crustal evolution of Zhejiang and Fujian provinces. For the purpose of obtaining the or...The original rock formation age and metamorphic history of Chencai Group are one of the keys to understanding tectonics and early crustal evolution of Zhejiang and Fujian provinces. For the purpose of obtaining the original rock formation age and metamorphic age, Sm-Nd and Rb-Sr isotopic compositions of metamorphic rocks and minerals were determined. Although only the metamorphic age was obtained, Sm-Nd isotopic system resetting among minerals under amphibolite facies metamorphism was discovered, which is of significance for Sm-Nd chronology of metamorphic rocks.展开更多
Building Energy Management Systems(BEMS)are computer-based systems that aid in managing,controlling,and monitoring the building technical services and energy consumption by equipment used in the building.The effective...Building Energy Management Systems(BEMS)are computer-based systems that aid in managing,controlling,and monitoring the building technical services and energy consumption by equipment used in the building.The effectiveness of BEMS is dependent upon numerous factors,among which the operational characteristics of the building and the BEMS control parameters also play an essential role.This research develops a user-driven simulation tool where users can input the building parameters and BEMS controls to determine the effectiveness of their BEMS.The simulation tool gives the user the flexibility to understand the potential energy savings by employing specific BEMS control and help in making intelligent decisions.The simulation is developed using Visual Basic Application(VBA)in Microsoft Excel,based on discrete-event Monte Carlo Simulation(MCS).The simulation works by initially calculating the energy required for space cooling and heating based on current building parameters input by the user in the model.Further,during the second simulation,the user selects all the BEMS controls and improved building envelope to determine the energy required for space cooling and heating during that case.The model compares the energy consumption from the first simulation and the second simulation.Then the simulation model will provide the rating of the effectiveness of BEMS on a continuous scale of 1 to 5(1 being poor effectiveness and 5 being excellent effectiveness of BEMS).This work is intended to facilitate building owner/energy managers to analyze the building energy performance concerning the efficacy of their energy management system.展开更多
In this article,the fractional diffusion-advection equation with resetting is introduced to promote the theory of anomalous transport.The fractional equation describes a particle’s non-diffusive motion performing a r...In this article,the fractional diffusion-advection equation with resetting is introduced to promote the theory of anomalous transport.The fractional equation describes a particle’s non-diffusive motion performing a random walk and is reset to its initial position.An analytical method is proposed to obtain the solution of the fractional equation with resetting via Fourier and Laplace transformations.We study the influence of the fractional-order and resetting rate on the probability distributions,and the mean square displacements are analyzed for different cases of anomalous regimes.展开更多
基金supported by the Key Laboratory of Gold Mineralization Processes and Resource Utilization,MNRShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Geological Process and Resource Utilization(Grant No.KFKT202103)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41876037)。
文摘Feldspar Pb isotopes have been widely used to trace magmatic formation and evolution processes.However,it remains unclear whether post-magmatic thermal events can affect feldspar Pb isotopic ratios.Here,the in situ Pb isotopic composition of feldspar hosted in granitic rocks(thirteen Archean and one Paleoproterozoic)from the northern Kongling terrane,Yangtze Craton,South China,is analyzed.The samples reveal a substantial variation in their Pb isotopic composition,spanning the gap between the 1.9 Ga and present-day geochrons,which indicates extensive resetting by later tectonothermal events.This resetting was interpreted to have likely resulted from Paleoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic tectonothermal events related to the assembly and breakup of the Columbia and Rodinia supercontinents.These results suggest that Pb isotopes should be used cautiously when tracing magma sources and petrogenesis in magmatic rocks that have experienced post-magmatic reworking.However,the in situ Pb isotopic composition of feldspar in ancient granitoids may also potentially be used to reveal later tectonothermal events.The extensive resetting of the Pb isotopic composition in feldspar by regional thermal events may also provide new insights into our understanding of the Pb isotope paradox.
基金Both UJM and CNRS (INSU TelluS-SYSTER) are thanked for financial support for AMSG and ATL. The Australian Resource Characterisation Facility (ARCF), under the auspices of the National Resource Sciences Precinct (NRSP) - a collaboration between CSIRO, Curtin University and The University of Western Australia e is supported by the Science and Industry Endowment Fund (SIEF RI13-01)
文摘Understanding the mechanisms of parent-daughter isotopic mobility at the nanoscale is key to rigorous interpretation of Ue The Pb data and associated dating. Until now, all nanoscale geochronological studies on geological samples have relied on either Transmission Electron Microscope(TEM) or Atom Probe Microscopy(APM) characterizations alone, thus suffering from the respective weaknesses of each technique. Here we focus on monazite crystals from a ~1 Ga, ultrahigh temperature granulite from Rogaland(Norway). This sample has recorded concordant UeP b dates(measured by LA-ICP-MS) that range over 100 My, with the three domains yielding distinct isotopic Ue Pb ages of 1034 ± 6 Ma(D1; Srich core), 1005 ± 7 Ma(D2), and 935 ± 7 Ma(D3), respectively. Combined APM and TEM characterization of these monazite crystals reveal phase separation that led to the isolation of two different radiogenic Pb(Pb*) reservoirs at the nanoscale. The S-rich core of these monazite crystals contains Cae Srich clusters, 5 -10 nm in size, homogenously distributed within the monazite matrix with a mean interparticle distance of 40 -60 nm. The clusters acted as a sink for radiogenic Pb(Pb*) produced in the monazite matrix, which was reset at the nanoscale via Pb diffusion while the grain remained closed at the micro-scale. Compared to the concordant ages given by conventional micro-scale dating of the grain,the apparent nano-scale age of the monazite matrix in between clusters is about 100 Myr younger, which compares remarkably well to the duration of the metamorphic event. This study highlights the capabilities of combined APM-TEM nano-structural and nano-isotopic characterizations in dating and timing of geological events, allowing the detection of processes untraceable with conventional dating methods.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11702018,11932003,and 11672074)。
文摘Presently,we develop a simplified corticothalamic(SCT)model and propose a single-pulse alternately resetting stimulation(SARS)with sequentially applying anodic(A,“+”)or cathodic(C,“−”)phase pulses to the thalamic reticular(RE)nuclei,thalamus-cortex(TC)relay nuclei,and cortical excitatory(EX)neurons,respectively.Abatement effects of ACC-SARS of RE,TC,and EX for the 2 Hz-4 Hz spike and wave discharges(SWD)of absence seizures are then concerned.The m∶n on-off ACC-SARS protocol is shown to effectively reduce the SWD with the least current consumption.In particular,when its frequency is out of the 2 Hz-4 Hz SWD dominant rhythm,the desired seizure abatements can be obtained,which can be further improved by our proposed directional steering(DS)stimulation.The dynamical explanations for the SARS induced seizure abatements are lastly given by calculating the averaged mean firing rate(AMFR)of neurons and triggering averaged mean firing rates(TAMFRs)of 2 Hz-4 Hz SWD.
文摘Time delays exist widely in real systems, and time-delayed interactions can result in abundant dynamic behaviors and functions in dynamic networks. Inferring the time delays and interactions is challenging due to systematic nonlinearity,noises, a lack of information, and so on. Recently, Shi et al. proposed a random state variable resetting method to detect the interactions in a continuous-time dynamic network. By arbitrarily resetting the state variable of a driving node, the equivalent coupling functions of the driving node to any response node in the network can be reconstructed. In this paper,we introduce this method in time-delayed dynamic networks. To infer actual time delays, the nearest neighbor correlation(NNC) function for a given time delay is defined. The significant increments of NNC originate from the delayed effect.Based on the increments, the time delays can be reconstructed and the reconstruction errors depend on the sampling time interval. After time delays are accurately identified, the equivalent coupling functions can also be reconstructed. The numerical results have fully verified the validity of the theoretical analysis.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation(31970529)Beijing Natural Science Foundation Outstanding Youth Project(JQ23026)+1 种基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD1201500)the Major Basic Research Program of Shandong Natural Science Foundation(ZR2019ZD15)。
文摘Winter plants rely on vernalization,a crucial process for adapting to cold conditions and ensuring successful reproduction.However,understanding the role of histone modifications in guiding the vernalization process in winter wheat remains limited.In this study,we investigated the transcriptome and chromatin dynamics in the shoot apex throughout the life cycle of winter wheat in the field.Two core histone modifications,H3K27me3 and H3K36me3,exhibited opposite patterns on the key vernalization gene VERNALIZATION1(VRN1),correlating with its induction during cold exposure.Moreover,the H3K36me3 level remained high at VRN1 after cold exposure,which may maintain its active state.Mutations in FERTILIZATION-INDEPENDENT ENDOSPERM(TaFIE)and SET DOMAIN GROUP 8/EARLY FLOWERING IN SHORT DAYS(TaSDG8/TaEFS),components of the writer complex for H3K27me3 and H3K36me3,respectively,affected flowering time.Intriguingly,VRN1 lost its high expression after the cold exposure memory in the absence of H3K36me3.During embryo development,VRN1 was silenced with the removal of active histone modifications in both winter and spring wheat,with selective restoration of H3K27me3 in winter wheat.The mutant of Tafie-cr-87,a component of H3K27me3“writer”complex,did not influence the silence of VRN1during embryo development,but rather attenuated the cold exposure requirement of winter wheat.Integrating gene expression with H3K27me3 and H3K36me3 patterns identified potential regulators of flowering.This study unveils distinct roles of H3K27me3 and H3K36me3 in controlling vernalization response,maintenance,and resetting in winter wheat.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62103203)the General Terminal IC Interdisciplinary Science Center of Nankai University.
文摘Battery energy storage systems(BESSs)are widely used in smart grids.However,power consumed by inner impedance and the capacity degradation of each battery unit become particularly severe,which has resulted in an increase in operating costs.The general economic dispatch(ED)algorithm based on marginal cost(MC)consensus is usually a proportional(P)controller,which encounters the defects of slow convergence speed and low control accuracy.In order to solve the distributed ED problem of the isolated BESS network with excellent dynamic and steady-state performance,we attempt to design a proportional integral(PI)controller with a reset mechanism(PI+R)to asymptotically promote MC consensus and total power mismatch towards 0 in this paper.To be frank,the integral term in the PI controller is reset to 0 at an appropriate time when the proportional term undergoes a zero crossing,which accelerates convergence,improves control accuracy,and avoids overshoot.The eigenvalues of the system under a PI+R controller is well analyzed,ensuring the regularity of the system and enabling the reset mechanism.To ensure supply and demand balance within the isolated BESSs,a centralized reset mechanism is introduced,so that the controller is distributed in a flow set and centralized in a jump set.To cope with Zeno behavior and input delay,a dwell time that the system resides in a flow set is given.Based on this,the system with input delays can be reduced to a time-delay free system.Considering the capacity limitation of the battery,a modified MC scheme with PI+R controller is designed.The correctness of the designed scheme is verified through relevant simulations.
文摘The rollout of the Global Civilization Initiative(GCI)in 2023 introduced a new public good to humanity.This Chinese initiative has driven home a clear message that all nations have the right to choose their own development paths in their pursuit of modernization,which is not necessarily synonymous with Westernization,as demonstrated by China’s example.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘The original rock formation age and metamorphic history of Chencai Group are one of the keys to understanding tectonics and early crustal evolution of Zhejiang and Fujian provinces. For the purpose of obtaining the original rock formation age and metamorphic age, Sm-Nd and Rb-Sr isotopic compositions of metamorphic rocks and minerals were determined. Although only the metamorphic age was obtained, Sm-Nd isotopic system resetting among minerals under amphibolite facies metamorphism was discovered, which is of significance for Sm-Nd chronology of metamorphic rocks.
基金The first three authors who conducted this research were partly funded by the Industrial Assessment Center Project,supported by grants from the US Department of Energy and by the West Virginia Development Office.
文摘Building Energy Management Systems(BEMS)are computer-based systems that aid in managing,controlling,and monitoring the building technical services and energy consumption by equipment used in the building.The effectiveness of BEMS is dependent upon numerous factors,among which the operational characteristics of the building and the BEMS control parameters also play an essential role.This research develops a user-driven simulation tool where users can input the building parameters and BEMS controls to determine the effectiveness of their BEMS.The simulation tool gives the user the flexibility to understand the potential energy savings by employing specific BEMS control and help in making intelligent decisions.The simulation is developed using Visual Basic Application(VBA)in Microsoft Excel,based on discrete-event Monte Carlo Simulation(MCS).The simulation works by initially calculating the energy required for space cooling and heating based on current building parameters input by the user in the model.Further,during the second simulation,the user selects all the BEMS controls and improved building envelope to determine the energy required for space cooling and heating during that case.The model compares the energy consumption from the first simulation and the second simulation.Then the simulation model will provide the rating of the effectiveness of BEMS on a continuous scale of 1 to 5(1 being poor effectiveness and 5 being excellent effectiveness of BEMS).This work is intended to facilitate building owner/energy managers to analyze the building energy performance concerning the efficacy of their energy management system.
文摘In this article,the fractional diffusion-advection equation with resetting is introduced to promote the theory of anomalous transport.The fractional equation describes a particle’s non-diffusive motion performing a random walk and is reset to its initial position.An analytical method is proposed to obtain the solution of the fractional equation with resetting via Fourier and Laplace transformations.We study the influence of the fractional-order and resetting rate on the probability distributions,and the mean square displacements are analyzed for different cases of anomalous regimes.
