Based on different types of diseases,pests and weeds in the whole growth period of rhubarb(sowing period-harvesting period),the corresponding green prevention and control technology is proposed,aiming to further reduc...Based on different types of diseases,pests and weeds in the whole growth period of rhubarb(sowing period-harvesting period),the corresponding green prevention and control technology is proposed,aiming to further reduce the application amount of pesticides and fertilizers in the production of medicinal sources of Lixian rhubarb during the"14 th Five-Year Plan"period.The results will provide a theoretical basis for increasing the promotion and application of agricultural prevention and control(including disease-resistant varieties,ecological regulation),physical prevention and control,biological prevention and control measures,thus ensuring effective protection of the ecological environment,green,healthy and sustainable development of traditional Chinese medicine agriculture in Longnan,and source quality of authentic medicinal materials.展开更多
Objective To investigate the effects of rhubarb extracts,i.e.rhein and emodin,on the neuronal hyperexcitability and synaptic transmission,and to further reveal the mechanism of the secondary brain damage.Methods The f...Objective To investigate the effects of rhubarb extracts,i.e.rhein and emodin,on the neuronal hyperexcitability and synaptic transmission,and to further reveal the mechanism of the secondary brain damage.Methods The fluid percussion injury(FPI) rat model and extracellular recording method were used.The evoked field potentials by stimulating Schaffer collaterals were collected from the ipsilateral(impact side) and the contralateral hippocampal CA1 areas of rat in vitro.And the field potentials,including the field excitatory postsynaptic potential and the population spike,were analyzed.Results After the impact was performed on the rat parietal cortex,the evoked field potentials in the ipsilateral hippocampus CA1 area were enhanced obviously.Rhubarb extracts reduced the slope of the field excitatory postsynaptic potential and the number of the population spike significantly while rhein and emodin increased the latency of the population spike obviously.Conclusion Rhubarb extracts,i.e. rhein and emodin,can depress the neuronal hyperexcitability,which suggests that rhein and emodin play an important role in protecting the central nervous system from neuronal damage after traumatic brain injury.FPI produces hyperexcitability of hippocampal CA1 neurons,probably by enhancing excitatory synaptic transmission.展开更多
OBJECTIVE Senna and rhubarb are classified as stimulative laxatives,and known to have similar effective constituents,the anthraquinones.Being protected by theβ-glucoside bond,the anthraquinones can reach the intestin...OBJECTIVE Senna and rhubarb are classified as stimulative laxatives,and known to have similar effective constituents,the anthraquinones.Being protected by theβ-glucoside bond,the anthraquinones can reach the intestines where they are degraded into complex metabolites by enzymes secreted from the intestinal microbiome.It is these complex metabolites that produce the laxative effects.Then the similarities and differences of action between the anthraquinones require further elucidation.METHODS Here,we studied metabolites of senna anthraquinones(SAQ),rhubarb anthraquinones(RAQ)and their chemical marker,sennoside A(SA),in a rat diarrhea model.In the in vitro biotransformation experiments,SAQ,RAQ and SA were incubated with rat fecal flora solution and the metabolites produced were analyzed using HPLC.In the in vivo studies,the same compounds were investigated for purgation induction,with measurement of histopathology and multiple aquaporins(Aqps)gene expression in six organs.RESULTS SAQ and RAQ had similar principal constituents but could be degraded into different metabolites.A similar profile of Aqps down-regulation for all compounds was seen in the colon,suggesting a similar mechanism of action for purgation.However,in the kidneys and livers of the diarrhea-rats,down-regulation of Aqps was found in the RAQ-rats whereas up-regulation of Aqps was seen in the SAQ-rats.Furthermore,the RAQ-rats showed lower aquaporin 2(Aqp2)protein expression in the kidneys,whilst the SA-rats and SAQ-rats had higher Aqp2 protein expression in the kidneys.This may have implications for side effects of SAQ or RAQ in patients with chronic kidney or liver diseases.CONCLUSION SAQ and RAQ showed similar laxative actions with a similar mechanism,they could display different actions in rat kidneys and livers.We suggest that the clinical usage of senna or rhubarb products should be clarified for patients having chronic kidney or liver diseases.展开更多
INTRODUCTIONThe recent studies have shown that rhubarb has notonly the effect of removing stasis by purgation,butalso intestinal barrier effects.In order tofurther clarify the intestinal barrier mechanism ofrhubarb,we...INTRODUCTIONThe recent studies have shown that rhubarb has notonly the effect of removing stasis by purgation,butalso intestinal barrier effects.In order tofurther clarify the intestinal barrier mechanism ofrhubarb,we studied the effects of rhubarbdecoction and the active ingredients of rhubarb onthe cytoplasmic free calcium in isolated intestinalmononuclear ceils (INT-MNC).展开更多
[Objectives] To observe the clinical effect of Dahuang( Rhubarb) retention enema on patients with severe acute pancreatitis and its influences on leukocyte interleukin 6( IL-6),high sentive C reactive protein( hs-CRP)...[Objectives] To observe the clinical effect of Dahuang( Rhubarb) retention enema on patients with severe acute pancreatitis and its influences on leukocyte interleukin 6( IL-6),high sentive C reactive protein( hs-CRP) and endotoxin. [Methods]86 cases of acute pancreatitis were randomly divided into the control group( 43 cases) and the treatment group( 43 cases). The control group was given saline enema and routine treatment of western medicine,while the treatment group was treated with Dahuang( Rhubarb) decoction retention enema and routine treatment,2 times/d. After 7 days of treatment,two groups of clinical curative effects were compared. And changes of IL-6,hs-CRP,endotoxin and amylase levels before and after treatment in two groups were compared. [Results] Abdominal pain,abdominal distension,exhaust defecation,bowel sounds in treatment group patients were obviously improved. After treatment,the decline levels of serum IL-6,hsCRP,endotoxin and amylase in the treatment group were significantly better than those in the control group. [Conclusions] Dahuang( Rhubarb) retention enema can significantly improve the clinical curative effect of severe acute pancreatitis,and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of inflammatory reaction.展开更多
[Objectives]To determine the content of five kinds of free anthraquinones in raw rhubarb and stewed rhubarb by HPLC,and compare their content difference,so as to reveal the change rule of material basis before and aft...[Objectives]To determine the content of five kinds of free anthraquinones in raw rhubarb and stewed rhubarb by HPLC,and compare their content difference,so as to reveal the change rule of material basis before and after processing of traditional Chinese medicine.[Methods]The content was determined by HPLC with Thermo BDS HYPERSII C18 column(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)as chromatographic column and methanol-0.1%phosphoric acid(85∶15)aqueous solution as mobile phase;the detection wavelength was 256 nm,the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min,the column temperature was 30℃,and the injection volume was 10μL.[Results]Aloe-emodin,rhein,emodin,chrysophanol and emodin methyl ether showed a good linear relationship in the linear range of 0.0207-0.414(R2=0.9999),0.1721-3.442(R2=0.9996),0.0203-0.406(R2=0.9999),0.148-2.96(R2=0.9998)and 0.164-3.28(R2=0.9993),respectively;the content of aloe-emodin decreased by about 8.26%,and rhein decreased by about 9.21%;the content of emodin increased by about 16.44%,chrysophanol increased by about 16.12%,and emodin methyl ether increased by about 20.01%,indicating that the processing technology had different effects on the components of rhubarb.[Conclusions]The content of five free anthraquinones in rhubarb was affected to different degrees after processing,and this method could be used as a quality control method for rhubarb and its different processed products.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the effects of rhubarb enema on the expression of inflammatory factors and interleukin-33(IL-33)and its prognosis in patients with SAP complicated with sepsis.Methods:A total of 47 patients wi...Objective:To investigate the effects of rhubarb enema on the expression of inflammatory factors and interleukin-33(IL-33)and its prognosis in patients with SAP complicated with sepsis.Methods:A total of 47 patients with SAP complicated with ARDS admitted to the Department of Critical Care Medicine,the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from June 2016 to December 2018 were randomly divided into SAP with ARDS sepsis group(sepsis group)and SAP.In the ARDS non-sepsis group(non-sepsis group),20 patients were treated according to the guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute pancreatitis in China in 2013.They were given regular fasting,gastrointestinal decompression,fluid resuscitation,acid suppression,and growth.On the basis of the inhibition of water,electrolytes,acid-base balance,add rhubarb 3 g/kg,water 200 mL,filter the slag juice to 37~38℃for retention enema for more than 15min,2 times a day For a total of 7 days.The inflammatory markers WBC,PCT,heart rate,respiratory rate,oxygenation index(PaO2/FiO2),pancreatic severity score(BISAP),and IL-33 and various cytokine changes were recorded in the two groups.Results:On the first day of admission,the patients in the sepsis group had more severe inflammation index(WBC:14.23±2.95,PCT:3.62±2.04,heart rate:104.02±8.89,respiration:26.81±2.44),and the oxygenation index was more.Poor(PaO2/FiO2:164.08±21.05),IL-33(46.32±7.82)and higher cytokine expression(TNF-α:266.78±72.89,IL-1:53.47±10.52,IL-6:1824.68±598.53,IL-8:160.42±50.34),the difference was statistically significant compared with the non-sepsis group,P<0.01.After the treatment of rhubarb enema,the above indicators were significantly decreased in both groups,and admission.The difference was statistically significant on the first day,P<0.01.However,on the seventh day after treatment,the sepsis patients hadΔIL-33(41.63±7.86)and cytokines(ΔTNF-α:258.90±72.18,ΔIL-1:47.87±11.85,ΔIL-6:1775.57±598.31,ΔIL-8:143.12±51.98),oxygenation index(162.01±43.23)improved better than non-sepsis group,P<0.01,and the rate of invasive ventilation was not statistically significant.P>0.05.Conclusion:SAP combined with sepsis leads to the use of rhubarb enema in patients with ARDS to significantly improve the concentration of IL-33 as a"target"factor and reduce the proinflammatory factors TNF-α,IL-1,IL-6 and IL-8.Level,improve the patient's oxygenation,has clinical application value.展开更多
Objective:To determine the mechanism whereby rhubarb(Rheum tanguticum MAXIM.Ex BALF.)may ameliorate cognitive dysfunction through regulation of the intestinal microbiome.Methods:We used a rat model of human microbiome...Objective:To determine the mechanism whereby rhubarb(Rheum tanguticum MAXIM.Ex BALF.)may ameliorate cognitive dysfunction through regulation of the intestinal microbiome.Methods:We used a rat model of human microbiome-associated(HMA)-AD to characterize the therapeutic effect of rhubarb on cognitive dysfunction by assessing learning and spatial memory,tissue pathology,and neurotransmitter expression in brain tissue.Then,16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to analyze the intestinal microbial composition of the rats before and after rhubarb intervention,to determine whether changes in the intestinal microbiome might underpin the beneficial effect of rhubarb on cognitive dysfunction.Results:Morris water maze experiments showed that the learning and spatial memory of HMAAD rats were improved after rhubarb administration.Examination of brain sections showed that rhubarb had a protective effect on neurons in the brain tissue of HMA-AD rats.Brain tissue neurotransmitter analysis showed that rhubarb significantly reduces the 5-hydorxytryptamine concentration in the hippocampus of HMA-AD rats(P Z.0013).Furthermore,rhubarb affected the abundance of the Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group and Lactobacillus in the large intestine.Conclusion:This study suggests that rhubarb ameliorates cognitive dysfunction in rats with HMA-AD by regulating the abundance of beneficial bacteria,which likely affects the concentration of 5-hydorxytryptamine in the hippocampus.展开更多
Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of oral administration of the traditional Chinese herb rhubarb to treat acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(AECOPD).Method:This was a multi...Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of oral administration of the traditional Chinese herb rhubarb to treat acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(AECOPD).Method:This was a multicenter randomized double-blinded placebo controlled study that took place in 7 provinces of China that enrolled 244 patients(aged 18e80 years)who had acute exacerbation of COPD with the traditional Chinese syndrome pattern of phlegm-heat obstructing lung.Participants were divided into experimental and control groups.The experimental group received 4.5 g of rhubarb granules twice daily and the control group received placebo granules.Both groups also received conventional Western therapy consisting of oxygen therapy,an antibiotic,expectorant,and a bronchodilator.Treatment lasted 10 days.Symptom scores for cough,sputum volume and color,wheezing and chest tightness before treatment and on days 3,5,7,and 10 during the treatment were recorded.Lung function,arterial blood gas and levels of serum inflammatory factors,interleukin-4(IL-4),interleukin-8(IL-8),and interleukin-10(IL-10)and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-a),before and after treatment were measured.Results:The sample size of the full analysis set(FAS)was 244 participants,and the sample size of per protocol set(PPS)was 235.Following 10 days’treatment,symptom scores of the experimental group were markedly lower than those of the placebo group(FAS:mean difference1.67,95%CI:e2.66 to0.69,P Z 0.001;PPS:mean difference1.55,95%CI:2.56 to0.54,P Z 0.003).Lung function in the experimental group was significantly higher than in the placebo group(FEV1,FAS:mean difference 0.12,95%CI:0.06 to 0.18;P<0.001;PPS:mean difference 0.12,95%CI 0.05 to 0.18;P<0.001.FVC:FAS:mean difference 0.16,95%CI:0.06 to 0.26;P Z 0.002;PPS:mean difference 0.16,95%CI 0.05 to 0.26;P Z 0.003.FEV1%,FAS:mean difference 5.95,95%CI:3.36 to 8.53;P<0.001;PPS:mean difference 5.92,95%CI 3.28 to 8.56;P<0.001.).PaO2,PaCO2,as well as serum inflammatory factors were also improved when compared to the placebo group.There were no significant differences in the incidence rate of adverse reaction between the two groups.Conclusions:Compared with placebo,rhubarb granules significantly reduced symptom scores,improved blood oxygen level,controlled systemic inflammatory response,without significant adverse effects.Thus,rhubarb may be a beneficial adjuvant method for treating the phlegm-heat obstructing the lung syndrome pattern of AECOPD.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the potential of bidirectional solid fermentation of rhubarb (Rheum palmatum L.) for reducing its toxicity and enhancing its medicinal efficacy.Methods:The fungus Trametes robiniophila Murr.wa...Objective:To investigate the potential of bidirectional solid fermentation of rhubarb (Rheum palmatum L.) for reducing its toxicity and enhancing its medicinal efficacy.Methods:The fungus Trametes robiniophila Murr.was inoculated into rhubarb.The chemical ingredients as well as antioxidant,antibacterial,and anticancer activities of fermented and unfermented rhubarb extracts were then determined.Results:After fermentation,levels of anthraquinone glycosides (purgative ingredients) decreased significantly,while the level of anthraquinone aglycone increased.The level of gallic acid was also reduced after fermentation.Ethanol extract of rhubarb (0.8 mg/mL) exhibited DPPH-scavenging activity of 7.6% ± 0.8% while the blank control (0.8 mg/mL rhubarb)showed 31.3% ± 2.0% activity.Antibacterial activities in fermented samples were found to be enhanced compared with unfermented samples and anticancer activity was evident at concentrations of 2000 and 5000 μg/mL.Conclusion:Bidirectional solid fermentation appears to be an effective processing method that can be used to improve the efficacy and reduce the toxicity of rhubarb.展开更多
Rhubarb (Rheum rhabarbarum) juice was used to make a Japanese soft mitsumame-type dessert sweet. The dessert was prepared from extracted rhubarb juice, which was cooked with sugar, agar and guar gum, then allowed to s...Rhubarb (Rheum rhabarbarum) juice was used to make a Japanese soft mitsumame-type dessert sweet. The dessert was prepared from extracted rhubarb juice, which was cooked with sugar, agar and guar gum, then allowed to set in sweet moulds. The total, soluble and insoluble oxalates were determined in the ingredients and the final products using HPLC chromatography. To reduce the soluble oxalate content of the dessert while retaining the colour and taste of the final product, increments of CaCl2 and CaCO3 were added to the test dessert mixes. The addition of CaCl2 reduced the pH from 3.55 ± 0.03 to pH 3.09 ± 0.02 while addition of CaCO3 increased the pH from 3.55 ± 0.03 to 4.96 ± 0.01. In both cases, the incremental addition of calcium reduced the soluble oxalate content of the sweets by converting it to insoluble oxalate.展开更多
[Objectives]The effects of Dachengqi decoctions made from raw rhubarb and vinegar-processed rhubarb on serum endotoxin,NO and TNF-αlevels were investigated.[Methods]Total 105 mice were randomly divided into Dachengqi...[Objectives]The effects of Dachengqi decoctions made from raw rhubarb and vinegar-processed rhubarb on serum endotoxin,NO and TNF-αlevels were investigated.[Methods]Total 105 mice were randomly divided into Dachengqi decoction made from raw rhubarb groups(6,10 g/kg),Dachengqi decoction made from vinegar-processed rhubarb groups(6,10 g/kg),positive control group,blank control group and model group.After administration at a dose of 20 mL/kg,the levels of endotoxin,NO and TNF-αin serum were determined.The effects of Dachengqi decoctions made from raw rhubarb and vinegar-processed rhubarb on serum endotoxin,NO and TNF-αlevels in mice were compared.[Results]Dachengqi decoctions made from raw rhubarb and vinegar-processed rhubarb both increased the NO level and reduced the endotoxin and TNF-αlevels in serum of ABP mice.[Conclusions]Dachengqi decoctions made from raw rhubarb and vinegar-processed rhubarb have different effects on endotoxin,NO and TNF-αcontents.These changes correspond to the effects of Dachengqi Decoctions made from raw rhubarb and vinegar-processed rhubarb.The change in the content of rhubarb anthraquinones has a certain effect on the efficacy of Dachengqi decoction.展开更多
Objective:To determine the mechanism of the laxative effect of rhubarb(Rheum tanguticum Maxim.ex Balf.)in rats using a combined bioinformatic and in vivo approach.Methods:Substances derived from rhubarb that are prese...Objective:To determine the mechanism of the laxative effect of rhubarb(Rheum tanguticum Maxim.ex Balf.)in rats using a combined bioinformatic and in vivo approach.Methods:Substances derived from rhubarb that are present in the colorectum were identified using high-performance liquid chromatography,coupled with linear ion-trap quadrupole Orbitrap highresolution mass spectrometry.The targets with a potential laxative effect were identified from databases and the literature,then used with rhubarb-derived substances in molecular docking modeling.The expression of candidate endogenous target molecules that bound specific components of rhubarb was then measured in constipated rats that had or had not been administered rhubarb by western blotting.Finally,potentially bioactive compounds were traced back to their prototype components.Results:We identified 17 anthraquinones and 21 anthrones derived from rhubarb in the colorectum of rats.G-scoring identified three potential mediators of the laxative effect:c-kit,5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4(5-HT4),and aquaporin-3(AQP3).In addition,10 rhubarb-derived components(aloeemodin,emodin,rhein,chrysophanol,physcion,sennoside A,sennoside C,physcionanthrone,aloeemodinanthrone,and rheinanthrone),which have strong binding affinities for more than one of the three potential targets,were selected as likely active compounds.Rhubarb extract increased the expression of c-kit and 5-HT4,and reduced the expression of AQP3 in the colon of constipated rats,which might mediate its laxative effect.We also found that a single prototype component may be metabolized into several active metabolites,and a single active ingredient can also be generated from various prototype compounds.Conclusion:The present study demonstrates that various anthraquinones and anthrones present in rhubarb may be metabolized to form bioactive compounds that have additive or synergistic effects to promote defecation via c-kit,5-HT4 and/or AQP3.展开更多
[Objective]The paper was to determine the contents of gallic acid and cinnamic acid in Chinese herb rhubarb by HPLC.[Method]High performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)was established with the following conditions:The...[Objective]The paper was to determine the contents of gallic acid and cinnamic acid in Chinese herb rhubarb by HPLC.[Method]High performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)was established with the following conditions:Thermo SCIENTIFIC Hypersil GOLD Dim column(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),mobile phase methanol-0.1%phosphoric acid solution,gradient elution,detection wavelength 278 nm,flow rate 1.0 mL/min,column temperature 30℃,injection volume 10 pL.[Result]The content of gallic acid and cinnamic acid in rhubarb was determined by HPLC,and they showed good linear relationship in the linear ranges of 0.125-1.250 pg(E2=0.9998)and 0.0382-0.3820μg(E2=0.9994),respectively.[Conclusion]A HPLC method is established to determine gallic acid and cinnamic acid content in rhubarb.The method will provide a scientific basis for quality control of rhubarb and its traditional Chinese medicine.展开更多
[Objectives]This study aims to investigate the effects of Dachengqi decoctions made from different processed products of rhubarb on water intake,defecation amount,urination amount,urination volume,dryness of stool,men...[Objectives]This study aims to investigate the effects of Dachengqi decoctions made from different processed products of rhubarb on water intake,defecation amount,urination amount,urination volume,dryness of stool,mental state and activity of ABP mice.[Methods]Total 165 mice were randomly divided into Dachengqi decoction groups(made from different processed products of rhubarb,6 and 10 g/kg),positive control group,blank control group and model group.The administration dosage was 20 mL/kg.With the metabolic cage integral method,the effects of Dachengqi decoctions made from different processed products of rhubarb on the water intake,defecation amount,urination volume,dryness of stool,mental state and activity of ABP mice were compared.[Results]Dachengqi decoctions all could soften stool and promote rapid defecation of the mice with fecal peritonitis of excess heat stagnation type except that made from carbonized rhubarb.The water intakes of all the Dachengqi decoction groups were higher than those of the positive control group and the model group,except the carbonized rhubarb-made Dachengqi decoction groups.[Conclusions]Dachengqi decoctions all have obvious purgative effect except those made from carbonized rhubarb.展开更多
[Objectives]Ultraviolet spectrophotometry was established for the determination of total content of anthraquinone in different processed products of rhubarb.[Methods]Emodin was used as the control substance,and its co...[Objectives]Ultraviolet spectrophotometry was established for the determination of total content of anthraquinone in different processed products of rhubarb.[Methods]Emodin was used as the control substance,and its color was developed by magnesium acetate methanol solution with the concentration of 1%,the absorbance was determined at the wavelength of 516 nm,the content of total anthraquinone in different processed products of rhubarb was determined to compare the content differences.[Results]The regression equation was y=0.0452 x+0.0015,R 2=0.9991.Emodin had a good linear range in the concentration of 0.98-23.52μg/mL,with high accuracy,good repeatability and stable detection results.This method revealed the content changes of total anthraquinone in rhubarb before and after processing.[Conclusions]This method could be used as the quality control method of different processed products of rhubarb,and provided reference for the comprehensive development and utilization of rhubarb resources in the future.展开更多
Objective:Pretreatment of biological samples is the most critical step in pharmacokinetic studies,especially pre-treatment of plasma samples.The pretreatment of biological samples in pharmacokinetic study of Tradition...Objective:Pretreatment of biological samples is the most critical step in pharmacokinetic studies,especially pre-treatment of plasma samples.The pretreatment of biological samples in pharmacokinetic study of Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCM) is difficult due to the complexity of the ingredients.An organic solvent system ethyl acetate:acetone (10:1) solution used for liquid-liquid extraction has been developed in this study and compared with the commonly used protein precipitation method.Methods:Rats,Beagle dogs and humans plasma samples were adopted in this study in order to demonstrate the universality of the pretreatment method.Feasibility of this pretreatment method was also verified through its application to the pharmacokinetics of rhubarb in rats.Results:According to the results of extraction recovery matrix effect,it was indicated that the liquid-liquid extraction methods with new organic solvent might be suitable for variety of structures of compounds and various types of plasma samples.The pharmacokinetic study result showed that the developed pretreatment method could successfully be used for simultaneous determination of three active compounds modin,emodin-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (EDG) and rhein in rat plasma with high sensitivity,accuracy,and recovery by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).Conclusion:The pretreatment method of liquid-liquid extraction methods with new organic solvent could be successfully applied for multi-component pharmacokinetics of TCM.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the effects of adjuvant raw rhubarb enema therapy on systemic inflammatory stress response and intestinal mucosal barrier function in patients with severe pancreatitis. Methods: A total of 78...Objective: To investigate the effects of adjuvant raw rhubarb enema therapy on systemic inflammatory stress response and intestinal mucosal barrier function in patients with severe pancreatitis. Methods: A total of 78 patients with severe pancreatitis treated in the Second People's Hospital of Neijiang, Sichuan, China between December 2016 and September 2018 were included in the study. The patients were divided into control group (n=39) and raw rhubarb group (n=39) by simple randomization. The control group of patients received conventional treatment of severe pancreatitis with western medicine, while the raw rhubarb group of patients received raw rhubarb enema on the basis of the treatment of control group, and the efficacy was evaluated after continuous treatment for 1 week. The differences in serum levels of inflammatory mediators (high mobility group protein B1, C-reactive protein, prostaglandin E2 and tumor necrosis factor α), stress hormones (cortisol and epinephrine) as well as intestinal mucosal barrier function indicators (D-lactate, endotoxin and diamine oxidase) were compared between the two groups of patients before and after treatment. Results: Before treatment, there was no statistically significant difference in serum levels of inflammatory mediators, stress hormones and intestinal mucosal barrier function indicators between the two groups (P>0.05). After treatment, serum high mobility group protein B1, C-reactive protein, prostaglandin E2 and tumor necrosis factor levels of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group;cortisol and epinephrine levels were significantly lower than those of the control group;D-lactate, endotoxin and diamine oxidase levels were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusions:Adjuvant raw rhubarb enema therapy on the basis of western medicine can help alleviate the inflammatory stress response and optimize the intestinal mucosal barrier function in patients with severe pancreatitis.展开更多
基金Supported by Science and Technology Plan Promoting Regional Collaboration Project of Longnan City(2022-S.BF-01)Key Talent Project of Gansu Province(2021RCXM042,2020RCXM041).
文摘Based on different types of diseases,pests and weeds in the whole growth period of rhubarb(sowing period-harvesting period),the corresponding green prevention and control technology is proposed,aiming to further reduce the application amount of pesticides and fertilizers in the production of medicinal sources of Lixian rhubarb during the"14 th Five-Year Plan"period.The results will provide a theoretical basis for increasing the promotion and application of agricultural prevention and control(including disease-resistant varieties,ecological regulation),physical prevention and control,biological prevention and control measures,thus ensuring effective protection of the ecological environment,green,healthy and sustainable development of traditional Chinese medicine agriculture in Longnan,and source quality of authentic medicinal materials.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30000056).
文摘Objective To investigate the effects of rhubarb extracts,i.e.rhein and emodin,on the neuronal hyperexcitability and synaptic transmission,and to further reveal the mechanism of the secondary brain damage.Methods The fluid percussion injury(FPI) rat model and extracellular recording method were used.The evoked field potentials by stimulating Schaffer collaterals were collected from the ipsilateral(impact side) and the contralateral hippocampal CA1 areas of rat in vitro.And the field potentials,including the field excitatory postsynaptic potential and the population spike,were analyzed.Results After the impact was performed on the rat parietal cortex,the evoked field potentials in the ipsilateral hippocampus CA1 area were enhanced obviously.Rhubarb extracts reduced the slope of the field excitatory postsynaptic potential and the number of the population spike significantly while rhein and emodin increased the latency of the population spike obviously.Conclusion Rhubarb extracts,i.e. rhein and emodin,can depress the neuronal hyperexcitability,which suggests that rhein and emodin play an important role in protecting the central nervous system from neuronal damage after traumatic brain injury.FPI produces hyperexcitability of hippocampal CA1 neurons,probably by enhancing excitatory synaptic transmission.
文摘OBJECTIVE Senna and rhubarb are classified as stimulative laxatives,and known to have similar effective constituents,the anthraquinones.Being protected by theβ-glucoside bond,the anthraquinones can reach the intestines where they are degraded into complex metabolites by enzymes secreted from the intestinal microbiome.It is these complex metabolites that produce the laxative effects.Then the similarities and differences of action between the anthraquinones require further elucidation.METHODS Here,we studied metabolites of senna anthraquinones(SAQ),rhubarb anthraquinones(RAQ)and their chemical marker,sennoside A(SA),in a rat diarrhea model.In the in vitro biotransformation experiments,SAQ,RAQ and SA were incubated with rat fecal flora solution and the metabolites produced were analyzed using HPLC.In the in vivo studies,the same compounds were investigated for purgation induction,with measurement of histopathology and multiple aquaporins(Aqps)gene expression in six organs.RESULTS SAQ and RAQ had similar principal constituents but could be degraded into different metabolites.A similar profile of Aqps down-regulation for all compounds was seen in the colon,suggesting a similar mechanism of action for purgation.However,in the kidneys and livers of the diarrhea-rats,down-regulation of Aqps was found in the RAQ-rats whereas up-regulation of Aqps was seen in the SAQ-rats.Furthermore,the RAQ-rats showed lower aquaporin 2(Aqp2)protein expression in the kidneys,whilst the SA-rats and SAQ-rats had higher Aqp2 protein expression in the kidneys.This may have implications for side effects of SAQ or RAQ in patients with chronic kidney or liver diseases.CONCLUSION SAQ and RAQ showed similar laxative actions with a similar mechanism,they could display different actions in rat kidneys and livers.We suggest that the clinical usage of senna or rhubarb products should be clarified for patients having chronic kidney or liver diseases.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.39170910
文摘INTRODUCTIONThe recent studies have shown that rhubarb has notonly the effect of removing stasis by purgation,butalso intestinal barrier effects.In order tofurther clarify the intestinal barrier mechanism ofrhubarb,we studied the effects of rhubarbdecoction and the active ingredients of rhubarb onthe cytoplasmic free calcium in isolated intestinalmononuclear ceils (INT-MNC).
文摘[Objectives] To observe the clinical effect of Dahuang( Rhubarb) retention enema on patients with severe acute pancreatitis and its influences on leukocyte interleukin 6( IL-6),high sentive C reactive protein( hs-CRP) and endotoxin. [Methods]86 cases of acute pancreatitis were randomly divided into the control group( 43 cases) and the treatment group( 43 cases). The control group was given saline enema and routine treatment of western medicine,while the treatment group was treated with Dahuang( Rhubarb) decoction retention enema and routine treatment,2 times/d. After 7 days of treatment,two groups of clinical curative effects were compared. And changes of IL-6,hs-CRP,endotoxin and amylase levels before and after treatment in two groups were compared. [Results] Abdominal pain,abdominal distension,exhaust defecation,bowel sounds in treatment group patients were obviously improved. After treatment,the decline levels of serum IL-6,hsCRP,endotoxin and amylase in the treatment group were significantly better than those in the control group. [Conclusions] Dahuang( Rhubarb) retention enema can significantly improve the clinical curative effect of severe acute pancreatitis,and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of inflammatory reaction.
基金National Natural Science Foundation(81360524,81660701)Youth Fund of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine(2019QN036)Project for Improving Basic Scientific Research Ability of Young and Middle-aged Teachers in Colleges and Universities of Guangxi(2019KY0341).
文摘[Objectives]To determine the content of five kinds of free anthraquinones in raw rhubarb and stewed rhubarb by HPLC,and compare their content difference,so as to reveal the change rule of material basis before and after processing of traditional Chinese medicine.[Methods]The content was determined by HPLC with Thermo BDS HYPERSII C18 column(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)as chromatographic column and methanol-0.1%phosphoric acid(85∶15)aqueous solution as mobile phase;the detection wavelength was 256 nm,the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min,the column temperature was 30℃,and the injection volume was 10μL.[Results]Aloe-emodin,rhein,emodin,chrysophanol and emodin methyl ether showed a good linear relationship in the linear range of 0.0207-0.414(R2=0.9999),0.1721-3.442(R2=0.9996),0.0203-0.406(R2=0.9999),0.148-2.96(R2=0.9998)and 0.164-3.28(R2=0.9993),respectively;the content of aloe-emodin decreased by about 8.26%,and rhein decreased by about 9.21%;the content of emodin increased by about 16.44%,chrysophanol increased by about 16.12%,and emodin methyl ether increased by about 20.01%,indicating that the processing technology had different effects on the components of rhubarb.[Conclusions]The content of five free anthraquinones in rhubarb was affected to different degrees after processing,and this method could be used as a quality control method for rhubarb and its different processed products.
基金Chongqing Municipal Health and Family Planning Commission Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Project(No.ZY201702071)Chongqing Municipal Health and Family Planning Commission Medical Research Project(No.2018MSXM097)。
文摘Objective:To investigate the effects of rhubarb enema on the expression of inflammatory factors and interleukin-33(IL-33)and its prognosis in patients with SAP complicated with sepsis.Methods:A total of 47 patients with SAP complicated with ARDS admitted to the Department of Critical Care Medicine,the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from June 2016 to December 2018 were randomly divided into SAP with ARDS sepsis group(sepsis group)and SAP.In the ARDS non-sepsis group(non-sepsis group),20 patients were treated according to the guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute pancreatitis in China in 2013.They were given regular fasting,gastrointestinal decompression,fluid resuscitation,acid suppression,and growth.On the basis of the inhibition of water,electrolytes,acid-base balance,add rhubarb 3 g/kg,water 200 mL,filter the slag juice to 37~38℃for retention enema for more than 15min,2 times a day For a total of 7 days.The inflammatory markers WBC,PCT,heart rate,respiratory rate,oxygenation index(PaO2/FiO2),pancreatic severity score(BISAP),and IL-33 and various cytokine changes were recorded in the two groups.Results:On the first day of admission,the patients in the sepsis group had more severe inflammation index(WBC:14.23±2.95,PCT:3.62±2.04,heart rate:104.02±8.89,respiration:26.81±2.44),and the oxygenation index was more.Poor(PaO2/FiO2:164.08±21.05),IL-33(46.32±7.82)and higher cytokine expression(TNF-α:266.78±72.89,IL-1:53.47±10.52,IL-6:1824.68±598.53,IL-8:160.42±50.34),the difference was statistically significant compared with the non-sepsis group,P<0.01.After the treatment of rhubarb enema,the above indicators were significantly decreased in both groups,and admission.The difference was statistically significant on the first day,P<0.01.However,on the seventh day after treatment,the sepsis patients hadΔIL-33(41.63±7.86)and cytokines(ΔTNF-α:258.90±72.18,ΔIL-1:47.87±11.85,ΔIL-6:1775.57±598.31,ΔIL-8:143.12±51.98),oxygenation index(162.01±43.23)improved better than non-sepsis group,P<0.01,and the rate of invasive ventilation was not statistically significant.P>0.05.Conclusion:SAP combined with sepsis leads to the use of rhubarb enema in patients with ARDS to significantly improve the concentration of IL-33 as a"target"factor and reduce the proinflammatory factors TNF-α,IL-1,IL-6 and IL-8.Level,improve the patient's oxygenation,has clinical application value.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81673562).
文摘Objective:To determine the mechanism whereby rhubarb(Rheum tanguticum MAXIM.Ex BALF.)may ameliorate cognitive dysfunction through regulation of the intestinal microbiome.Methods:We used a rat model of human microbiome-associated(HMA)-AD to characterize the therapeutic effect of rhubarb on cognitive dysfunction by assessing learning and spatial memory,tissue pathology,and neurotransmitter expression in brain tissue.Then,16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to analyze the intestinal microbial composition of the rats before and after rhubarb intervention,to determine whether changes in the intestinal microbiome might underpin the beneficial effect of rhubarb on cognitive dysfunction.Results:Morris water maze experiments showed that the learning and spatial memory of HMAAD rats were improved after rhubarb administration.Examination of brain sections showed that rhubarb had a protective effect on neurons in the brain tissue of HMA-AD rats.Brain tissue neurotransmitter analysis showed that rhubarb significantly reduces the 5-hydorxytryptamine concentration in the hippocampus of HMA-AD rats(P Z.0013).Furthermore,rhubarb affected the abundance of the Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group and Lactobacillus in the large intestine.Conclusion:This study suggests that rhubarb ameliorates cognitive dysfunction in rats with HMA-AD by regulating the abundance of beneficial bacteria,which likely affects the concentration of 5-hydorxytryptamine in the hippocampus.
基金This study was funded by the China National Key Basic Research Project through The Ministry of Science and Technology(No.2009CB522704).
文摘Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of oral administration of the traditional Chinese herb rhubarb to treat acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(AECOPD).Method:This was a multicenter randomized double-blinded placebo controlled study that took place in 7 provinces of China that enrolled 244 patients(aged 18e80 years)who had acute exacerbation of COPD with the traditional Chinese syndrome pattern of phlegm-heat obstructing lung.Participants were divided into experimental and control groups.The experimental group received 4.5 g of rhubarb granules twice daily and the control group received placebo granules.Both groups also received conventional Western therapy consisting of oxygen therapy,an antibiotic,expectorant,and a bronchodilator.Treatment lasted 10 days.Symptom scores for cough,sputum volume and color,wheezing and chest tightness before treatment and on days 3,5,7,and 10 during the treatment were recorded.Lung function,arterial blood gas and levels of serum inflammatory factors,interleukin-4(IL-4),interleukin-8(IL-8),and interleukin-10(IL-10)and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-a),before and after treatment were measured.Results:The sample size of the full analysis set(FAS)was 244 participants,and the sample size of per protocol set(PPS)was 235.Following 10 days’treatment,symptom scores of the experimental group were markedly lower than those of the placebo group(FAS:mean difference1.67,95%CI:e2.66 to0.69,P Z 0.001;PPS:mean difference1.55,95%CI:2.56 to0.54,P Z 0.003).Lung function in the experimental group was significantly higher than in the placebo group(FEV1,FAS:mean difference 0.12,95%CI:0.06 to 0.18;P<0.001;PPS:mean difference 0.12,95%CI 0.05 to 0.18;P<0.001.FVC:FAS:mean difference 0.16,95%CI:0.06 to 0.26;P Z 0.002;PPS:mean difference 0.16,95%CI 0.05 to 0.26;P Z 0.003.FEV1%,FAS:mean difference 5.95,95%CI:3.36 to 8.53;P<0.001;PPS:mean difference 5.92,95%CI 3.28 to 8.56;P<0.001.).PaO2,PaCO2,as well as serum inflammatory factors were also improved when compared to the placebo group.There were no significant differences in the incidence rate of adverse reaction between the two groups.Conclusions:Compared with placebo,rhubarb granules significantly reduced symptom scores,improved blood oxygen level,controlled systemic inflammatory response,without significant adverse effects.Thus,rhubarb may be a beneficial adjuvant method for treating the phlegm-heat obstructing the lung syndrome pattern of AECOPD.
文摘Objective:To investigate the potential of bidirectional solid fermentation of rhubarb (Rheum palmatum L.) for reducing its toxicity and enhancing its medicinal efficacy.Methods:The fungus Trametes robiniophila Murr.was inoculated into rhubarb.The chemical ingredients as well as antioxidant,antibacterial,and anticancer activities of fermented and unfermented rhubarb extracts were then determined.Results:After fermentation,levels of anthraquinone glycosides (purgative ingredients) decreased significantly,while the level of anthraquinone aglycone increased.The level of gallic acid was also reduced after fermentation.Ethanol extract of rhubarb (0.8 mg/mL) exhibited DPPH-scavenging activity of 7.6% ± 0.8% while the blank control (0.8 mg/mL rhubarb)showed 31.3% ± 2.0% activity.Antibacterial activities in fermented samples were found to be enhanced compared with unfermented samples and anticancer activity was evident at concentrations of 2000 and 5000 μg/mL.Conclusion:Bidirectional solid fermentation appears to be an effective processing method that can be used to improve the efficacy and reduce the toxicity of rhubarb.
文摘Rhubarb (Rheum rhabarbarum) juice was used to make a Japanese soft mitsumame-type dessert sweet. The dessert was prepared from extracted rhubarb juice, which was cooked with sugar, agar and guar gum, then allowed to set in sweet moulds. The total, soluble and insoluble oxalates were determined in the ingredients and the final products using HPLC chromatography. To reduce the soluble oxalate content of the dessert while retaining the colour and taste of the final product, increments of CaCl2 and CaCO3 were added to the test dessert mixes. The addition of CaCl2 reduced the pH from 3.55 ± 0.03 to pH 3.09 ± 0.02 while addition of CaCO3 increased the pH from 3.55 ± 0.03 to 4.96 ± 0.01. In both cases, the incremental addition of calcium reduced the soluble oxalate content of the sweets by converting it to insoluble oxalate.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81360524)Youth Foundation of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine(No.2019QN036)+1 种基金Project for Improving Basic Scientific Research Ability of Young and Middle-aged Teachers in Colleges and Universities of Guangxi in 2019(No.2019KY0341)Traditional Chinese Medicine Scientific Research Laboratory(Grade III)of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine:Laboratory of Chinese(Zhuang)Medicine Chemical and Quality Analysis(Guo Zhong Yi Yao Fa 2009[21]).
文摘[Objectives]The effects of Dachengqi decoctions made from raw rhubarb and vinegar-processed rhubarb on serum endotoxin,NO and TNF-αlevels were investigated.[Methods]Total 105 mice were randomly divided into Dachengqi decoction made from raw rhubarb groups(6,10 g/kg),Dachengqi decoction made from vinegar-processed rhubarb groups(6,10 g/kg),positive control group,blank control group and model group.After administration at a dose of 20 mL/kg,the levels of endotoxin,NO and TNF-αin serum were determined.The effects of Dachengqi decoctions made from raw rhubarb and vinegar-processed rhubarb on serum endotoxin,NO and TNF-αlevels in mice were compared.[Results]Dachengqi decoctions made from raw rhubarb and vinegar-processed rhubarb both increased the NO level and reduced the endotoxin and TNF-αlevels in serum of ABP mice.[Conclusions]Dachengqi decoctions made from raw rhubarb and vinegar-processed rhubarb have different effects on endotoxin,NO and TNF-αcontents.These changes correspond to the effects of Dachengqi Decoctions made from raw rhubarb and vinegar-processed rhubarb.The change in the content of rhubarb anthraquinones has a certain effect on the efficacy of Dachengqi decoction.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81673562 and 81973467)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(2020-JYB-ZDGG-033).
文摘Objective:To determine the mechanism of the laxative effect of rhubarb(Rheum tanguticum Maxim.ex Balf.)in rats using a combined bioinformatic and in vivo approach.Methods:Substances derived from rhubarb that are present in the colorectum were identified using high-performance liquid chromatography,coupled with linear ion-trap quadrupole Orbitrap highresolution mass spectrometry.The targets with a potential laxative effect were identified from databases and the literature,then used with rhubarb-derived substances in molecular docking modeling.The expression of candidate endogenous target molecules that bound specific components of rhubarb was then measured in constipated rats that had or had not been administered rhubarb by western blotting.Finally,potentially bioactive compounds were traced back to their prototype components.Results:We identified 17 anthraquinones and 21 anthrones derived from rhubarb in the colorectum of rats.G-scoring identified three potential mediators of the laxative effect:c-kit,5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4(5-HT4),and aquaporin-3(AQP3).In addition,10 rhubarb-derived components(aloeemodin,emodin,rhein,chrysophanol,physcion,sennoside A,sennoside C,physcionanthrone,aloeemodinanthrone,and rheinanthrone),which have strong binding affinities for more than one of the three potential targets,were selected as likely active compounds.Rhubarb extract increased the expression of c-kit and 5-HT4,and reduced the expression of AQP3 in the colon of constipated rats,which might mediate its laxative effect.We also found that a single prototype component may be metabolized into several active metabolites,and a single active ingredient can also be generated from various prototype compounds.Conclusion:The present study demonstrates that various anthraquinones and anthrones present in rhubarb may be metabolized to form bioactive compounds that have additive or synergistic effects to promote defecation via c-kit,5-HT4 and/or AQP3.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(81660701)2019 Guangxi First-class Discipline Construction Project of Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine(2019XK105)+3 种基金Key Laboratory Funding Project of Guangxi Zhuang and Yao Ethnic Medicine(GXZYKF2019-2,KJT19005)Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province(2016GXNSFAA380148)Basic Scientific Research Ability Promotion Project of Young and Middle-aged Teachers in Guangxi Universities and Colleges in 2019(2019KY0341)Level III Laboratory for Chinese Medical Research by National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine:Chemistry and Quality Analysis Laboratory of Zhong(Zhuang)Medicine(GZYYF 2009[21])。
文摘[Objective]The paper was to determine the contents of gallic acid and cinnamic acid in Chinese herb rhubarb by HPLC.[Method]High performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)was established with the following conditions:Thermo SCIENTIFIC Hypersil GOLD Dim column(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),mobile phase methanol-0.1%phosphoric acid solution,gradient elution,detection wavelength 278 nm,flow rate 1.0 mL/min,column temperature 30℃,injection volume 10 pL.[Result]The content of gallic acid and cinnamic acid in rhubarb was determined by HPLC,and they showed good linear relationship in the linear ranges of 0.125-1.250 pg(E2=0.9998)and 0.0382-0.3820μg(E2=0.9994),respectively.[Conclusion]A HPLC method is established to determine gallic acid and cinnamic acid content in rhubarb.The method will provide a scientific basis for quality control of rhubarb and its traditional Chinese medicine.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(81360524)National Traditional Chinese Medicine Characteristic Technology Inheritance Talent Training Project(20184828005)+2 种基金Youth Foundation of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine(2019QN036)Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi(2020GXNSFAA259059)In-hospital Preparation Development Project of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine(2017ZJ001).
文摘[Objectives]This study aims to investigate the effects of Dachengqi decoctions made from different processed products of rhubarb on water intake,defecation amount,urination amount,urination volume,dryness of stool,mental state and activity of ABP mice.[Methods]Total 165 mice were randomly divided into Dachengqi decoction groups(made from different processed products of rhubarb,6 and 10 g/kg),positive control group,blank control group and model group.The administration dosage was 20 mL/kg.With the metabolic cage integral method,the effects of Dachengqi decoctions made from different processed products of rhubarb on the water intake,defecation amount,urination volume,dryness of stool,mental state and activity of ABP mice were compared.[Results]Dachengqi decoctions all could soften stool and promote rapid defecation of the mice with fecal peritonitis of excess heat stagnation type except that made from carbonized rhubarb.The water intakes of all the Dachengqi decoction groups were higher than those of the positive control group and the model group,except the carbonized rhubarb-made Dachengqi decoction groups.[Conclusions]Dachengqi decoctions all have obvious purgative effect except those made from carbonized rhubarb.
基金Supported by Youth Fund Project of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine(2019QN036)National Talent Training Program for Inheriting Characteristic Technology of Traditional Chinese Medicine(20184828005)+4 种基金Guangxi Natural Science Foundation Project(2020GXNSFAA259059)The Project of Improving the Basic Scientific Research Ability of Young-and Middle-aged Teachers in Guangxi Universities in 2019(2019KY0341)In Hospital Preparation Development Project of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine in 2017(2017ZJ001)Opening Project of Guangxi Zhuang Yao Medicine Key Laboratory(GXZYKF2020A-08)Scientific Research Projects of Guangxi International Zhuang Medicine Hospital in 2020(GZ202001).
文摘[Objectives]Ultraviolet spectrophotometry was established for the determination of total content of anthraquinone in different processed products of rhubarb.[Methods]Emodin was used as the control substance,and its color was developed by magnesium acetate methanol solution with the concentration of 1%,the absorbance was determined at the wavelength of 516 nm,the content of total anthraquinone in different processed products of rhubarb was determined to compare the content differences.[Results]The regression equation was y=0.0452 x+0.0015,R 2=0.9991.Emodin had a good linear range in the concentration of 0.98-23.52μg/mL,with high accuracy,good repeatability and stable detection results.This method revealed the content changes of total anthraquinone in rhubarb before and after processing.[Conclusions]This method could be used as the quality control method of different processed products of rhubarb,and provided reference for the comprehensive development and utilization of rhubarb resources in the future.
文摘Objective:Pretreatment of biological samples is the most critical step in pharmacokinetic studies,especially pre-treatment of plasma samples.The pretreatment of biological samples in pharmacokinetic study of Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCM) is difficult due to the complexity of the ingredients.An organic solvent system ethyl acetate:acetone (10:1) solution used for liquid-liquid extraction has been developed in this study and compared with the commonly used protein precipitation method.Methods:Rats,Beagle dogs and humans plasma samples were adopted in this study in order to demonstrate the universality of the pretreatment method.Feasibility of this pretreatment method was also verified through its application to the pharmacokinetics of rhubarb in rats.Results:According to the results of extraction recovery matrix effect,it was indicated that the liquid-liquid extraction methods with new organic solvent might be suitable for variety of structures of compounds and various types of plasma samples.The pharmacokinetic study result showed that the developed pretreatment method could successfully be used for simultaneous determination of three active compounds modin,emodin-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (EDG) and rhein in rat plasma with high sensitivity,accuracy,and recovery by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).Conclusion:The pretreatment method of liquid-liquid extraction methods with new organic solvent could be successfully applied for multi-component pharmacokinetics of TCM.
文摘Objective: To investigate the effects of adjuvant raw rhubarb enema therapy on systemic inflammatory stress response and intestinal mucosal barrier function in patients with severe pancreatitis. Methods: A total of 78 patients with severe pancreatitis treated in the Second People's Hospital of Neijiang, Sichuan, China between December 2016 and September 2018 were included in the study. The patients were divided into control group (n=39) and raw rhubarb group (n=39) by simple randomization. The control group of patients received conventional treatment of severe pancreatitis with western medicine, while the raw rhubarb group of patients received raw rhubarb enema on the basis of the treatment of control group, and the efficacy was evaluated after continuous treatment for 1 week. The differences in serum levels of inflammatory mediators (high mobility group protein B1, C-reactive protein, prostaglandin E2 and tumor necrosis factor α), stress hormones (cortisol and epinephrine) as well as intestinal mucosal barrier function indicators (D-lactate, endotoxin and diamine oxidase) were compared between the two groups of patients before and after treatment. Results: Before treatment, there was no statistically significant difference in serum levels of inflammatory mediators, stress hormones and intestinal mucosal barrier function indicators between the two groups (P>0.05). After treatment, serum high mobility group protein B1, C-reactive protein, prostaglandin E2 and tumor necrosis factor levels of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group;cortisol and epinephrine levels were significantly lower than those of the control group;D-lactate, endotoxin and diamine oxidase levels were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusions:Adjuvant raw rhubarb enema therapy on the basis of western medicine can help alleviate the inflammatory stress response and optimize the intestinal mucosal barrier function in patients with severe pancreatitis.
