As the frontier of intelligent computing technology,affective computing has been used in border inspection,case investigation,crime assessment,public opinion management,traffic management and other scenarios of public...As the frontier of intelligent computing technology,affective computing has been used in border inspection,case investigation,crime assessment,public opinion management,traffic management and other scenarios of public governance.However,there are still public risks associated with its failure to meet the basic requirements of modern public governance,and these risks are rooted in its technical characteristics.The technical characteristics of turning emotions into signals can give rise to such problems as degrading the right to informed consent,de-governance,and undermining human dignity when applied in public governance,and consequently can lead to social rights anxiety.Additionally,the affective modeling characteristics of affective computing tend to incur the rights risks of insufficient algorithm accuracy,algorithmic discrimination,and algorithmic black boxes.To avoid these risks,it is necessary to adopt the dynamic consent model as the premise for applying affective computing in public governance,and to regulate the auxiliary application of affective computing in public governance in a hierarchical manner,to achieve a balance between the application of affective computing technology and the protection of citizens'rights and the maintenance of public ethics.展开更多
Agro seeds are vulnerable to environmental stressors,adversely affecting seed vigor,crop growth,and crop productivity.Different agrochemical-based seed treatments enhance seed germination,but they can also cause damag...Agro seeds are vulnerable to environmental stressors,adversely affecting seed vigor,crop growth,and crop productivity.Different agrochemical-based seed treatments enhance seed germination,but they can also cause damage to the environment;therefore,sustainable technologies such as nano-based agrochemicals are urgently needed.Nanoagrochemicals can reduce the dose-dependent toxicity of seed treatment,thereby improving seed viability and ensuring the controlled release of nanoagrochemical active ingredients However,the applications of nanoagrochemicals to plants in the field raise concerns about nanomaterial safety,exposure levels,and toxicological implications to the environment and human health.In the present comprehensive review,the development,scope,challenges,and risk assessments of nanoagrochemicals on seed treatment are discussed.Moreover,the implementation obstacles for nanoagrochemicals use in seed treatments,their commercialization potential,and the need for policy regulations to assess possible risks are also discussed.Based on our knowledge,this is the first time that we have presented legendary literature to readers in order to help them gain a deeper understanding of upcoming nanotechnologies that may enable the development of future generation seed treatment agrochemical formulations,their scope,and potential risks associated with seed treatment.展开更多
China is aggressively pursuing digital transformation,and data,alike labor,technology,capital,and knowledge,has become as a crucial factor of production.Digital transformation is accelerating the emergence of a data-i...China is aggressively pursuing digital transformation,and data,alike labor,technology,capital,and knowledge,has become as a crucial factor of production.Digital transformation is accelerating the emergence of a data-intensive society,and the ensuing difficulties of balancing freedom and responsibility,openness and security,as well as free sharing and legal regulation are posing new challenges to national and social governance.Among these challenges,defining data ownership,the social disorder and anomie brought about by the unclear definition of data ownership,and data ownership regulatory path are new propositions that need to be urgently addressed in this data-intensive society.This paper systematically explains the theoretical meaning and practical value of data ownership through a literature review on the analysis of domestic and foreign scholars as well as research think tanks,compares the differences and inherent conflicts between the definition of data ownership by the government,enterprises,and society in China,thoroughly compares the definition standards of the European Union,the United States,and Japan,and on this basis,discusses the formation of a definition of data ownership that meets the requirements of China’s digital transformation.展开更多
Harmful Maillard reaction products(HMRPs)derived from brown fermented milk pose a potential threat to human health,but the conversion mechanism during the manufacturing process remains elusive and urgently needs to be...Harmful Maillard reaction products(HMRPs)derived from brown fermented milk pose a potential threat to human health,but the conversion mechanism during the manufacturing process remains elusive and urgently needs to be controlled.Acrylamide(FC 2.14,adjusted p-value=0.041),5-hydroxymethylfurfural(FC 2.61,adjusted p-value=0.026)and methylglyoxal(FC 2.07,adjusted p-value=0.019)were identified as the significantly increased HMRPs after browning in this study and the analysis of proteomics integrated with untargeted metabolomics demonstrated that the degradation of HMRPs was jointly accomplished by Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus.The galactose oligosaccharide metabolism in Streptococcus thermophilus was identified as a key biochemical reaction for HMRPs degradation,and the hydrolysates of pectin could be utilized as prebiotics for Streptococcus thermophilus.Eighteen classes of enzymes of L.bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus related to energy metabolism were upregulated in the pectin-added group,indicating that the entry of acrylamide and methylglyoxal into the tricarboxylic acid cycle was accelerated.NAD-aldehyde dehydrogenase and alanine dehydrogenase are enzymes belonging to Streptococcus thermophilus,and their downregulation accelerated the efflux of acetate,which was beneficial for the proliferation of L.bulgaricus and prevented the conversion of pyruvate to l-alanine,thus facilitating the energy metabolism.The recoveries and relative standard deviations of the intraday and interday precision experiments were 89.1%-112.5%,1.3%-8.4%and 2.1%-9.4%,respectively,indicating that the developed approach was credible.Sensory evaluation results revealed that the brown fermented milk added with pectin had a better flavor,which was due to the fact that the supplement of polysaccharide promoted the fatty acid metabolism of lactic acid bacteria and increased the aroma substances including octoic acid and valeric acid.This study provided an insight into the formation and degradation mechanism of HMRPs in brown fermented milk,aiming to reduce the intake of advanced glycation end products in the diet.展开更多
Natural and anthropogenic factors can alter bromide concentrations in drinking water sources. Increasing source water bromide concentrations increases the formation and alters the speciation of disinfection byproducts...Natural and anthropogenic factors can alter bromide concentrations in drinking water sources. Increasing source water bromide concentrations increases the formation and alters the speciation of disinfection byproducts（DBPs） formed during drinking water treatment.Brominated DBPs are more toxic than their chlorinated analogs, and thus have a greater impact on human health. However, DBPs are regulated based on the mass sum of DBPs within a given class（e.g., trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids）, not based on species-specific risk or extent of bromine incorporation. The regulated surrogate measures are intended to protect against not only the species they directly represent, but also against unregulated DBPs that are not routinely measured. Surrogates that do not incorporate effects of increasing bromide may not adequately capture human health risk associated with drinking water when source water bromide is elevated. The present study analyzes trihalomethanes（THMs）, measured as TTHM,with varying source water bromide concentrations, and assesses its correlation with brominated THM, TTHM risk and species-specific THM concentrations and associated risk.Alternative potential surrogates are evaluated to assess their ability to capture THM risk under different source water bromide concentration conditions. The results of the present study indicate that TTHM does not adequately capture risk of the regulated species when source water bromide concentrations are elevated, and thus would also likely be an inadequate surrogate for many unregulated brominated species. Alternative surrogate measures,including THM3 and the bromodichloromethane concentration, are more robust surrogates for species-specific THM risk at varying source water bromide concentrations.展开更多
基金a phased achievement of the 2020 Youth Fund Project of the Ministry of Education in Humanities and Social Sciences of China,titled“Legislative Research on Collaborative Dispute Resolution Mechanisms for Medical Disputes in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area”(Project Number 20YJC820023)。
文摘As the frontier of intelligent computing technology,affective computing has been used in border inspection,case investigation,crime assessment,public opinion management,traffic management and other scenarios of public governance.However,there are still public risks associated with its failure to meet the basic requirements of modern public governance,and these risks are rooted in its technical characteristics.The technical characteristics of turning emotions into signals can give rise to such problems as degrading the right to informed consent,de-governance,and undermining human dignity when applied in public governance,and consequently can lead to social rights anxiety.Additionally,the affective modeling characteristics of affective computing tend to incur the rights risks of insufficient algorithm accuracy,algorithmic discrimination,and algorithmic black boxes.To avoid these risks,it is necessary to adopt the dynamic consent model as the premise for applying affective computing in public governance,and to regulate the auxiliary application of affective computing in public governance in a hierarchical manner,to achieve a balance between the application of affective computing technology and the protection of citizens'rights and the maintenance of public ethics.
文摘Agro seeds are vulnerable to environmental stressors,adversely affecting seed vigor,crop growth,and crop productivity.Different agrochemical-based seed treatments enhance seed germination,but they can also cause damage to the environment;therefore,sustainable technologies such as nano-based agrochemicals are urgently needed.Nanoagrochemicals can reduce the dose-dependent toxicity of seed treatment,thereby improving seed viability and ensuring the controlled release of nanoagrochemical active ingredients However,the applications of nanoagrochemicals to plants in the field raise concerns about nanomaterial safety,exposure levels,and toxicological implications to the environment and human health.In the present comprehensive review,the development,scope,challenges,and risk assessments of nanoagrochemicals on seed treatment are discussed.Moreover,the implementation obstacles for nanoagrochemicals use in seed treatments,their commercialization potential,and the need for policy regulations to assess possible risks are also discussed.Based on our knowledge,this is the first time that we have presented legendary literature to readers in order to help them gain a deeper understanding of upcoming nanotechnologies that may enable the development of future generation seed treatment agrochemical formulations,their scope,and potential risks associated with seed treatment.
文摘China is aggressively pursuing digital transformation,and data,alike labor,technology,capital,and knowledge,has become as a crucial factor of production.Digital transformation is accelerating the emergence of a data-intensive society,and the ensuing difficulties of balancing freedom and responsibility,openness and security,as well as free sharing and legal regulation are posing new challenges to national and social governance.Among these challenges,defining data ownership,the social disorder and anomie brought about by the unclear definition of data ownership,and data ownership regulatory path are new propositions that need to be urgently addressed in this data-intensive society.This paper systematically explains the theoretical meaning and practical value of data ownership through a literature review on the analysis of domestic and foreign scholars as well as research think tanks,compares the differences and inherent conflicts between the definition of data ownership by the government,enterprises,and society in China,thoroughly compares the definition standards of the European Union,the United States,and Japan,and on this basis,discusses the formation of a definition of data ownership that meets the requirements of China’s digital transformation.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272401,31801643)Xianyang Science and Technology Plan Project(2021ZDYF-NY-0025)+1 种基金Xi'an Science and Technology Plan Project(21NYYF0056)Innovation Capability Support Program of Shaanxi(2021KJXX-37).
文摘Harmful Maillard reaction products(HMRPs)derived from brown fermented milk pose a potential threat to human health,but the conversion mechanism during the manufacturing process remains elusive and urgently needs to be controlled.Acrylamide(FC 2.14,adjusted p-value=0.041),5-hydroxymethylfurfural(FC 2.61,adjusted p-value=0.026)and methylglyoxal(FC 2.07,adjusted p-value=0.019)were identified as the significantly increased HMRPs after browning in this study and the analysis of proteomics integrated with untargeted metabolomics demonstrated that the degradation of HMRPs was jointly accomplished by Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus.The galactose oligosaccharide metabolism in Streptococcus thermophilus was identified as a key biochemical reaction for HMRPs degradation,and the hydrolysates of pectin could be utilized as prebiotics for Streptococcus thermophilus.Eighteen classes of enzymes of L.bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus related to energy metabolism were upregulated in the pectin-added group,indicating that the entry of acrylamide and methylglyoxal into the tricarboxylic acid cycle was accelerated.NAD-aldehyde dehydrogenase and alanine dehydrogenase are enzymes belonging to Streptococcus thermophilus,and their downregulation accelerated the efflux of acetate,which was beneficial for the proliferation of L.bulgaricus and prevented the conversion of pyruvate to l-alanine,thus facilitating the energy metabolism.The recoveries and relative standard deviations of the intraday and interday precision experiments were 89.1%-112.5%,1.3%-8.4%and 2.1%-9.4%,respectively,indicating that the developed approach was credible.Sensory evaluation results revealed that the brown fermented milk added with pectin had a better flavor,which was due to the fact that the supplement of polysaccharide promoted the fatty acid metabolism of lactic acid bacteria and increased the aroma substances including octoic acid and valeric acid.This study provided an insight into the formation and degradation mechanism of HMRPs in brown fermented milk,aiming to reduce the intake of advanced glycation end products in the diet.
基金the financial support of the Pennsylvania Water Resources Research Center at the Pennsylvania State University (USGS 104B)the Colcom Foundation (20014555)the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Carnegie Mellon University
文摘Natural and anthropogenic factors can alter bromide concentrations in drinking water sources. Increasing source water bromide concentrations increases the formation and alters the speciation of disinfection byproducts（DBPs） formed during drinking water treatment.Brominated DBPs are more toxic than their chlorinated analogs, and thus have a greater impact on human health. However, DBPs are regulated based on the mass sum of DBPs within a given class（e.g., trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids）, not based on species-specific risk or extent of bromine incorporation. The regulated surrogate measures are intended to protect against not only the species they directly represent, but also against unregulated DBPs that are not routinely measured. Surrogates that do not incorporate effects of increasing bromide may not adequately capture human health risk associated with drinking water when source water bromide is elevated. The present study analyzes trihalomethanes（THMs）, measured as TTHM,with varying source water bromide concentrations, and assesses its correlation with brominated THM, TTHM risk and species-specific THM concentrations and associated risk.Alternative potential surrogates are evaluated to assess their ability to capture THM risk under different source water bromide concentration conditions. The results of the present study indicate that TTHM does not adequately capture risk of the regulated species when source water bromide concentrations are elevated, and thus would also likely be an inadequate surrogate for many unregulated brominated species. Alternative surrogate measures,including THM3 and the bromodichloromethane concentration, are more robust surrogates for species-specific THM risk at varying source water bromide concentrations.
