THE ROLE AND INFLUENCE OF MASS MEDIA IN PEOPLE’S LIVES HAVE ALWAYS BEEN A TOPIC OF CONCERN TO EVERYONE.IN THE FIELD OF MEDIA RESEARCH,THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE MEDIA AND POLITICS HAS ALWAYS BEEN THE SUBJECT OF DIS...THE ROLE AND INFLUENCE OF MASS MEDIA IN PEOPLE’S LIVES HAVE ALWAYS BEEN A TOPIC OF CONCERN TO EVERYONE.IN THE FIELD OF MEDIA RESEARCH,THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE MEDIA AND POLITICS HAS ALWAYS BEEN THE SUBJECT OF DISCUSSION AND RESEARCH BY SCHOLARS.THIS STUDY MAINLY USES THE NETHERLANDS ROAD PRICING POLICY AS A CASE TO EXPLORE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MEDIA AND POLITICS IN POLITICAL ACTIVITIES BY RESEARCHING THE CHANGES AND INFLUENCES OF THE MEDIA IN THIS POLITICAL ACTIVITY.THIS PAPER MAINLY SELECTS THE CHANGES AND INFLUENCES OF THE DUTCH MEDIA IN TWO MAJOR ROAD PRICING POLICY ACTIVITIES DURING THE 12 YEARS FROM 1998 TO 2010 THROUGH LITERATURE RESEARCH AND OTHER METHODS.IN THIS WAY,IT CAN EXPLORE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MEDIA AND POLITICS.展开更多
Urban road pricing schemes are becoming increasingly popular among researchers and politicians as they promise a handle on increasing inner city traffic and economy as well as sustainable improvements for cities facin...Urban road pricing schemes are becoming increasingly popular among researchers and politicians as they promise a handle on increasing inner city traffic and economy as well as sustainable improvements for cities facing huge congestion and pollution problems. As in the cases of London and Stockholm, many European cities are going to implement such toll systems, especially as also the European Commission is voting for such pricing schemes in the recent white book on transportation and traffic, This research therefore provides a description of different urban road pricing schemes, their cost implications for city （last mile） transport as well as the decision and management options derived from these schemes for logistics companies. These options are furthermore checked regarding their advantages and disadvantages under the described toll schemes.展开更多
Road pricing is an urban traffic management mechanism to reduce traffic congestion.Currently,most of the road pricing systems based on predefined charging tolls fail to consider the dynamics of urban traffic flows and...Road pricing is an urban traffic management mechanism to reduce traffic congestion.Currently,most of the road pricing systems based on predefined charging tolls fail to consider the dynamics of urban traffic flows and travelers’demands on the arrival time.In this paper,we propose a method to dynamically adjust online road toll based on traffic conditions and travelers’demands to resolve the above-mentioned problems.The method,based on deep reinforcement learning,automatically allocates the optimal toll for each road during peak hours and guides vehicles to roads with lower toll charges.Moreover,it further considers travelers’demands to ensure that more vehicles arrive at their destinations before their estimated arrival time.Our method can increase the traffic volume effectively,as compared to the existing static mechanisms.展开更多
Striking a balance between societal benefits and costs of transportation lies at the heart of transport planning and transport systems analysis.Increased transport and urbanization enable the many benefits of modern s...Striking a balance between societal benefits and costs of transportation lies at the heart of transport planning and transport systems analysis.Increased transport and urbanization enable the many benefits of modern socieities through specialization of labour,production and lifestyles-but these trends simultaneously increase the drawbacks of transportation,such as carbon emissions,congestion,noise and air quality problems.Technical developments and improved infrastrastructure can help reduce these drawbacks,but they do not solve the fundamental problem that those reaping the benefits of transport-travellers,firms,customers-do not perceive the full social costs of transportation.To balance transport costs and benefits,efficient pricing is necessary.Despite a wealth of theoretical arguments,technical developments and substantial practical experience,efficient transport pricing is still rare.Focusing on the example of urban congestion pricing,this paper summarizes why transport pricing is needed,lessons learnt from practical experience,and what the main obstacles are.The two most important obstacles seem to be political power struggles between different levels of governments,and that even if total social gains vastly exceed total social losses,the losses tend to be more salient;losers tend to be easy to identify,while winners tend to be more dispersed and perhaps only exist in the future.展开更多
文摘THE ROLE AND INFLUENCE OF MASS MEDIA IN PEOPLE’S LIVES HAVE ALWAYS BEEN A TOPIC OF CONCERN TO EVERYONE.IN THE FIELD OF MEDIA RESEARCH,THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE MEDIA AND POLITICS HAS ALWAYS BEEN THE SUBJECT OF DISCUSSION AND RESEARCH BY SCHOLARS.THIS STUDY MAINLY USES THE NETHERLANDS ROAD PRICING POLICY AS A CASE TO EXPLORE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MEDIA AND POLITICS IN POLITICAL ACTIVITIES BY RESEARCHING THE CHANGES AND INFLUENCES OF THE MEDIA IN THIS POLITICAL ACTIVITY.THIS PAPER MAINLY SELECTS THE CHANGES AND INFLUENCES OF THE DUTCH MEDIA IN TWO MAJOR ROAD PRICING POLICY ACTIVITIES DURING THE 12 YEARS FROM 1998 TO 2010 THROUGH LITERATURE RESEARCH AND OTHER METHODS.IN THIS WAY,IT CAN EXPLORE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MEDIA AND POLITICS.
文摘Urban road pricing schemes are becoming increasingly popular among researchers and politicians as they promise a handle on increasing inner city traffic and economy as well as sustainable improvements for cities facing huge congestion and pollution problems. As in the cases of London and Stockholm, many European cities are going to implement such toll systems, especially as also the European Commission is voting for such pricing schemes in the recent white book on transportation and traffic, This research therefore provides a description of different urban road pricing schemes, their cost implications for city （last mile） transport as well as the decision and management options derived from these schemes for logistics companies. These options are furthermore checked regarding their advantages and disadvantages under the described toll schemes.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018AAA0101200)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62072099,61972085,62072149,and 61872079)+5 种基金Public Welfare Research Program of Zhejiang(No.LGG19F020017)Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Network and Information Security(No.BM2003201)Key Laboratory of Computer Network and Information Integration of Ministry of Education of China(No.93K-9)“Zhishan”Scholars Programs of Southeast Universitypartially supported by Collaborative Innovation Center of Novel Software Technology and Industrializationthe Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘Road pricing is an urban traffic management mechanism to reduce traffic congestion.Currently,most of the road pricing systems based on predefined charging tolls fail to consider the dynamics of urban traffic flows and travelers’demands on the arrival time.In this paper,we propose a method to dynamically adjust online road toll based on traffic conditions and travelers’demands to resolve the above-mentioned problems.The method,based on deep reinforcement learning,automatically allocates the optimal toll for each road during peak hours and guides vehicles to roads with lower toll charges.Moreover,it further considers travelers’demands to ensure that more vehicles arrive at their destinations before their estimated arrival time.Our method can increase the traffic volume effectively,as compared to the existing static mechanisms.
文摘Striking a balance between societal benefits and costs of transportation lies at the heart of transport planning and transport systems analysis.Increased transport and urbanization enable the many benefits of modern socieities through specialization of labour,production and lifestyles-but these trends simultaneously increase the drawbacks of transportation,such as carbon emissions,congestion,noise and air quality problems.Technical developments and improved infrastrastructure can help reduce these drawbacks,but they do not solve the fundamental problem that those reaping the benefits of transport-travellers,firms,customers-do not perceive the full social costs of transportation.To balance transport costs and benefits,efficient pricing is necessary.Despite a wealth of theoretical arguments,technical developments and substantial practical experience,efficient transport pricing is still rare.Focusing on the example of urban congestion pricing,this paper summarizes why transport pricing is needed,lessons learnt from practical experience,and what the main obstacles are.The two most important obstacles seem to be political power struggles between different levels of governments,and that even if total social gains vastly exceed total social losses,the losses tend to be more salient;losers tend to be easy to identify,while winners tend to be more dispersed and perhaps only exist in the future.
