Dry direct-seeded rice(DDR) sown using a multifunctional seeder that performs synchronous rotary tillage and sowing has received increased attention because it is highly efficient,relatively cheap,and environmentally ...Dry direct-seeded rice(DDR) sown using a multifunctional seeder that performs synchronous rotary tillage and sowing has received increased attention because it is highly efficient,relatively cheap,and environmentally friendly.However,this method of rice production may produce lower yields in a rice–wheat rotation system because of its poor seedling establishment.To address this problem,we performed field experiments to determine the rice yield at five seedling density levels(B1,B2,B3,B4,and B5=100,190,280,370,and 460 seedlings m-2,respectively) and clarify the physiological basis of yield formation.We selected a representative high-quality rice variety and a multifunctional seeder that used in a typical rice–wheat rotation area in 2016 and 2018.The proportion of main stem panicle increased with increasing seedling density.There was a parabolic relationship between yield and seedling density,and the maximum yield(9.34-9.47 t ha-1) was obtained under B3.The maximum yield was associated with a higher total spikelet number m-2 and greater biomass accumulation from heading to maturity.The higher total spikelet number m-2 under B3 was attributed to an increase in panicle number m-2 compared with B1 and B2.Although the panicle numbers also increased under B4 and B5,these increases were insufficient to compensate for the reduced spikelet numbers per panicle.Lower biomass,smaller leaf area,and lower N uptake per plant from the stem elongation stage to the heading stage were partially responsible for the smaller panicle size at higher seedling density levels such as B5.The higher biomass accumulation under B3 was ascribed to the increases in the photosynthetic rate of the top three leaves m-2 of land,crop growth rate,net assimilation rate,and leaf area index.Furthermore,the B3 rice population was marked by a higher grain–leaf ratio,as well as a lower export ratio and transport ratio of biomass per stem-sheath.A quadratic function predicted that 260-290 seedlings m-2 is the optimum seedling density for achieving maximum yield.Together,these results suggested that appropriately increasing the seedling density,and thereby increasing the proportion of panicles formed by the main stem,is an effective approach for obtaining a higher yield in DDR sown using a multifunctional seeder in a rice–wheat rotation system.展开更多
The no-till seeders of various soil opener configurations have been shown to produce various soil physical responses in relation to soil and climate conditions, thus affecting crop performance in permanent raised beds...The no-till seeders of various soil opener configurations have been shown to produce various soil physical responses in relation to soil and climate conditions, thus affecting crop performance in permanent raised beds （PRB） systems. This is particularly important in arid Northwest China where large volumes of residue are retained on the soil surface after harvest. In Zhangye, Gansu Province, China, a field trial assessed the effects of three typical （powered-chopper, powered-cutter and powered-disc） PRB no-till seeders and one traditional seeder on soil disturbance, residue cover index, bulk density, fuel consumption, plant growth, and subsequent yield. In general, seedbed conditions and crop performance for PRB no- till seeders seeded plots were better than for traditional seeded plots. In PRB cropping system, the powered-chopper seeder decreased mean soil disturbance and increased residue cover index compared to powered-disc and -cutter seeders. However, the results indicated that soil bulk density was 2.3-4.8% higher, soil temperature was 0.2-0.6℃ lower, and spring wheat emergence was 3.2-4.7% less. This was attributed to greater levels of residue cover and firmer seedbeds. Spring maize and wheat performance in the powered-cutter and -disc treatments was better （non-significant） than powered- chopper treatment. So powered disc no-till seeder, which generally provided the best planting condition and the highest yield, appeared to be the suitable seeder in heavy residue cover conditions. Considering the precision requirements for soil disturbance and residue cover, the powered strip-chopping no-till seeder could be a suitable option for PRB cropping system in Northwest China. Although these results are preliminary, they are still valuable for the design and selection of no-till seeders for PRB cropping systems in arid Northwest China.展开更多
Based on the mechanical and physical properties study of forage grass seeds, multi-line with one-device type metering device was designed. It was composed of adjustable screw, stirrer, metering device housing and cent...Based on the mechanical and physical properties study of forage grass seeds, multi-line with one-device type metering device was designed. It was composed of adjustable screw, stirrer, metering device housing and central metering sheave and so on. The sowing rate can be set by turning the screw to change the working length of the central metering sheave relative to the metering device housing. The stirrer inside of the sheave housing is used to prevent seeds overhead. And metering of different sizes of seed is adjusted by changing the position of internal components of the slot wheel mechanism. Innovative design on the structure of the central metering sheave was finished. According to the structure parameters and physical characteristic parameters, different seed sowing rate of per hectares was calculated. And then the working length scale of the central metering groove wheel was made. And there is a one-to-one correspondence between scale values and sowing quantity per hectare of different kinds of seed.展开更多
In this study, the modeling and simulating of seeder were researched, and the method of virtual designing of seeder using computer was implemented. Based on these, general method of seeder virtual simulation was imple...In this study, the modeling and simulating of seeder were researched, and the method of virtual designing of seeder using computer was implemented. Based on these, general method of seeder virtual simulation was implemented using eon studio. The virtual designing, operation showing of farm machinery can be operated on website.展开更多
The annual rainfall is low and the fresh water resources are scarce for the rainfed farming in dry zone of northern China,which seriously affects the sowing and growth of spring corn. In order to solve this problem,th...The annual rainfall is low and the fresh water resources are scarce for the rainfed farming in dry zone of northern China,which seriously affects the sowing and growth of spring corn. In order to solve this problem,the technology of ridge-mulching and side-sowing of spring corn is put forward,the supporting compound operation seeder is developed,and the effect of different speed on the quality of sowing is tested and analyzed. Under the test conditions described in this paper,the seeding operation with a high speed( up to 6 km/h) can be realized,and the quality of the seeding operation can meet the requirements of the national standards. The application of this machine can solve the problem of " drought damage at the booting stage" for spring corn,thereby realizing the deep fusion of farming machine and agronomy in dry farming of northern China,and achieving the integration of farming machine and agronomy.展开更多
The transplanter for root-washing and soil-bear-ing seedlings has not been perfect in South China,especially in muhicrop regions,The reason for thisis mainly because the farmers have difficulty onoperating and maintai...The transplanter for root-washing and soil-bear-ing seedlings has not been perfect in South China,especially in muhicrop regions,The reason for thisis mainly because the farmers have difficulty onoperating and maintaining the machine for its com-plex design.One of the recent interests in rice culti-展开更多
基金the Jiangsu Agriculture Science and Technology Innovation Fund, China (CX(20)1012)the Jiangsu Demonstration Project of Modern Agricultural Machinery Equipment and Technology, China (NJ2020-58)+3 种基金the Jiangsu Technical System of Rice Industry, China (JATS[2020]432)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0300503)the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System (CARS-01-27)the Yangzhou University Scientific Research and Innovation Program, China (XKYCX20_022)。
文摘Dry direct-seeded rice(DDR) sown using a multifunctional seeder that performs synchronous rotary tillage and sowing has received increased attention because it is highly efficient,relatively cheap,and environmentally friendly.However,this method of rice production may produce lower yields in a rice–wheat rotation system because of its poor seedling establishment.To address this problem,we performed field experiments to determine the rice yield at five seedling density levels(B1,B2,B3,B4,and B5=100,190,280,370,and 460 seedlings m-2,respectively) and clarify the physiological basis of yield formation.We selected a representative high-quality rice variety and a multifunctional seeder that used in a typical rice–wheat rotation area in 2016 and 2018.The proportion of main stem panicle increased with increasing seedling density.There was a parabolic relationship between yield and seedling density,and the maximum yield(9.34-9.47 t ha-1) was obtained under B3.The maximum yield was associated with a higher total spikelet number m-2 and greater biomass accumulation from heading to maturity.The higher total spikelet number m-2 under B3 was attributed to an increase in panicle number m-2 compared with B1 and B2.Although the panicle numbers also increased under B4 and B5,these increases were insufficient to compensate for the reduced spikelet numbers per panicle.Lower biomass,smaller leaf area,and lower N uptake per plant from the stem elongation stage to the heading stage were partially responsible for the smaller panicle size at higher seedling density levels such as B5.The higher biomass accumulation under B3 was ascribed to the increases in the photosynthetic rate of the top three leaves m-2 of land,crop growth rate,net assimilation rate,and leaf area index.Furthermore,the B3 rice population was marked by a higher grain–leaf ratio,as well as a lower export ratio and transport ratio of biomass per stem-sheath.A quadratic function predicted that 260-290 seedlings m-2 is the optimum seedling density for achieving maximum yield.Together,these results suggested that appropriately increasing the seedling density,and thereby increasing the proportion of panicles formed by the main stem,is an effective approach for obtaining a higher yield in DDR sown using a multifunctional seeder in a rice–wheat rotation system.
基金financed by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51175499)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation, China (6112015)the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR)
文摘The no-till seeders of various soil opener configurations have been shown to produce various soil physical responses in relation to soil and climate conditions, thus affecting crop performance in permanent raised beds （PRB） systems. This is particularly important in arid Northwest China where large volumes of residue are retained on the soil surface after harvest. In Zhangye, Gansu Province, China, a field trial assessed the effects of three typical （powered-chopper, powered-cutter and powered-disc） PRB no-till seeders and one traditional seeder on soil disturbance, residue cover index, bulk density, fuel consumption, plant growth, and subsequent yield. In general, seedbed conditions and crop performance for PRB no- till seeders seeded plots were better than for traditional seeded plots. In PRB cropping system, the powered-chopper seeder decreased mean soil disturbance and increased residue cover index compared to powered-disc and -cutter seeders. However, the results indicated that soil bulk density was 2.3-4.8% higher, soil temperature was 0.2-0.6℃ lower, and spring wheat emergence was 3.2-4.7% less. This was attributed to greater levels of residue cover and firmer seedbeds. Spring maize and wheat performance in the powered-cutter and -disc treatments was better （non-significant） than powered- chopper treatment. So powered disc no-till seeder, which generally provided the best planting condition and the highest yield, appeared to be the suitable seeder in heavy residue cover conditions. Considering the precision requirements for soil disturbance and residue cover, the powered strip-chopping no-till seeder could be a suitable option for PRB cropping system in Northwest China. Although these results are preliminary, they are still valuable for the design and selection of no-till seeders for PRB cropping systems in arid Northwest China.
文摘Based on the mechanical and physical properties study of forage grass seeds, multi-line with one-device type metering device was designed. It was composed of adjustable screw, stirrer, metering device housing and central metering sheave and so on. The sowing rate can be set by turning the screw to change the working length of the central metering sheave relative to the metering device housing. The stirrer inside of the sheave housing is used to prevent seeds overhead. And metering of different sizes of seed is adjusted by changing the position of internal components of the slot wheel mechanism. Innovative design on the structure of the central metering sheave was finished. According to the structure parameters and physical characteristic parameters, different seed sowing rate of per hectares was calculated. And then the working length scale of the central metering groove wheel was made. And there is a one-to-one correspondence between scale values and sowing quantity per hectare of different kinds of seed.
基金Supported by Heilongjiang New Century High Education Teaching Reform Project (HeiJiaoGaoHan[2008]No.8)
文摘In this study, the modeling and simulating of seeder were researched, and the method of virtual designing of seeder using computer was implemented. Based on these, general method of seeder virtual simulation was implemented using eon studio. The virtual designing, operation showing of farm machinery can be operated on website.
基金Supported by Project of Bohai Granary in Hebei Province(2013BAD05B0504)Science and Technology Innovation Project of Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences(F17C10007-4)
文摘The annual rainfall is low and the fresh water resources are scarce for the rainfed farming in dry zone of northern China,which seriously affects the sowing and growth of spring corn. In order to solve this problem,the technology of ridge-mulching and side-sowing of spring corn is put forward,the supporting compound operation seeder is developed,and the effect of different speed on the quality of sowing is tested and analyzed. Under the test conditions described in this paper,the seeding operation with a high speed( up to 6 km/h) can be realized,and the quality of the seeding operation can meet the requirements of the national standards. The application of this machine can solve the problem of " drought damage at the booting stage" for spring corn,thereby realizing the deep fusion of farming machine and agronomy in dry farming of northern China,and achieving the integration of farming machine and agronomy.
文摘The transplanter for root-washing and soil-bear-ing seedlings has not been perfect in South China,especially in muhicrop regions,The reason for thisis mainly because the farmers have difficulty onoperating and maintaining the machine for its com-plex design.One of the recent interests in rice culti-
