This article outlines the development of downhole monitoring and data transmission technology for separated zone water injection in China.According to the development stages,the principles,operation processes,adaptabi...This article outlines the development of downhole monitoring and data transmission technology for separated zone water injection in China.According to the development stages,the principles,operation processes,adaptability and application status of traditional downhole data acquisition method,cable communications and testing technology,cable-controlled downhole parameter real-time monitoring communication method and downhole wireless communication technology are introduced in detail.Problems and challenges of existing technologies in downhole monitoring and data transmission technology are pointed out.According to the production requirement,the future development direction of the downhole monitoring and data transmission technology for separated zone water injection is proposed.For the large number of wells adopting cable measuring and adjustment technology,the key is to realize the digitalization of downhole plug.For the key monitoring wells,cable-controlled communication technology needs to be improved,and downhole monitoring and data transmission technology based on composite coiled tubing needs to be developed to make the operation more convenient and reliable.For large-scale application in oil fields,downhole wireless communication technology should be developed to realize automation of measurement and adjustment.In line with ground mobile communication network,a digital communication network covering the control center,water distribution station and oil reservoir should be built quickly to provide technical support for the digitization of reservoir development.展开更多
Coated capillary columns were prepared by sol-gel technology and used in the separation of basic proteins with capillary zone electrophoresis. The results indicated that a significan decrease in protein adsorption was...Coated capillary columns were prepared by sol-gel technology and used in the separation of basic proteins with capillary zone electrophoresis. The results indicated that a significan decrease in protein adsorption was obtained and EOF was also diminished to zero in the pH range of 3-10.展开更多
This article outlines the development of separated zone oil production in foreign countries,and details its development in China.According to the development process,production needs,technical characteristics and adap...This article outlines the development of separated zone oil production in foreign countries,and details its development in China.According to the development process,production needs,technical characteristics and adaptability of oilfields in China,the development of separate zone oil production technology is divided into four stages:flowing well zonal oil production,mechanical recovery and water blocking,hydraulically adjustable zonal oil production,and intelligent zonal production.The principles,construction processes,adaptability,advantages and disadvantages of the technology are introduced in detail.Based on the actual production situation of the oilfields in China at present,three development directions of the technology are proposed.First,the real-time monitoring and adjustment level of separated zone oil production needs to be improved by developing downhole sensor technology and two-way communication technology between ground and downhole and enhancing full life cycle service capability and adaptability to horizontal wells.Second,an integrated platform of zonal oil production and management should be built using a digital artificial lifting system.Third,integration of injection and production should be implemented through large-scale application of zonal oil production and zonal water injection to improve matching and adjustment level between the injection and production parameters,thus making the development adjustment from"lag control"to"real-time optimization"and improving the development effect.展开更多
The mechanism of the flow resistance in open channels and pipelines is of vital importance for various critical issues related to the water flow.The Nikurade’s method of calculating the friction factor is not applica...The mechanism of the flow resistance in open channels and pipelines is of vital importance for various critical issues related to the water flow.The Nikurade’s method of calculating the friction factor is not applicable in some cases.It is necessary to consider the influence of the vortex volume surrounding the vegetation and to study the hydrodynamic characteristics of the vegetated channels.This paper analyzes the variation of the vortices created by the surface roughness of different types and different sizes and proposes new definitions of the hydraulic radius and the equivalent roughness height.With consideration of the skin friction and the form drag,on the basis of the force balance equation,a novel calculation method is used for the friction factor,and this method is verified by experimental data.The hydrodynamic mechanism of the flow resistance revealed in this study may serve as a theoretical basis for hydraulic engineers to calculate the friction factor.展开更多
For the study of the effects of partially non-submerged rigid vegetation on the free-surface confluence flow in a curved open channel,a numerical simulation is carried out by using the Volume of Fluid model combined w...For the study of the effects of partially non-submerged rigid vegetation on the free-surface confluence flow in a curved open channel,a numerical simulation is carried out by using the Volume of Fluid model combined with the porous media model with the software OpenFOAM.The model is first validated by using available experimental measurement data with a good agreement.Then,the characteristics of the separation zone generated by the centrifugal forces and the confluence flow are analyzed.Due to the resistance created by the vegetation,the velocities in the separation zone are more chaotic and the separation zone becomes smaller and more irregular.The reduction of the separation zone area of the vegetated flow in the convex bank is more significant than that in the concave bank.The velocities in the vegetated region become much smaller and remains so in the downstream flow after the vegetation region.Meanwhile,the vegetation compresses and divides the circulations in the flow area,rebuilding a structure with smaller circulations in the main flow and unclear circulations in the vegetation region.In addition,the bed wall shear stresses are significantly smaller in the vegetation region and the separation zone compared to the non-vegetated flow.This implies that the vegetation can have the effect of protecting the river bed from erosion.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation Science Center Project/Basic Science Center Project(72088101)PetroChina Scientific Research and Technology Development Project(2020B-4119,2021ZG12).
文摘This article outlines the development of downhole monitoring and data transmission technology for separated zone water injection in China.According to the development stages,the principles,operation processes,adaptability and application status of traditional downhole data acquisition method,cable communications and testing technology,cable-controlled downhole parameter real-time monitoring communication method and downhole wireless communication technology are introduced in detail.Problems and challenges of existing technologies in downhole monitoring and data transmission technology are pointed out.According to the production requirement,the future development direction of the downhole monitoring and data transmission technology for separated zone water injection is proposed.For the large number of wells adopting cable measuring and adjustment technology,the key is to realize the digitalization of downhole plug.For the key monitoring wells,cable-controlled communication technology needs to be improved,and downhole monitoring and data transmission technology based on composite coiled tubing needs to be developed to make the operation more convenient and reliable.For large-scale application in oil fields,downhole wireless communication technology should be developed to realize automation of measurement and adjustment.In line with ground mobile communication network,a digital communication network covering the control center,water distribution station and oil reservoir should be built quickly to provide technical support for the digitization of reservoir development.
文摘Coated capillary columns were prepared by sol-gel technology and used in the separation of basic proteins with capillary zone electrophoresis. The results indicated that a significan decrease in protein adsorption was obtained and EOF was also diminished to zero in the pH range of 3-10.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFE0196000)National Science and Technology Major Project of China(2016ZX05010-006)CNPC Scientific Research and Technical Development Project(2019B-4113)
文摘This article outlines the development of separated zone oil production in foreign countries,and details its development in China.According to the development process,production needs,technical characteristics and adaptability of oilfields in China,the development of separate zone oil production technology is divided into four stages:flowing well zonal oil production,mechanical recovery and water blocking,hydraulically adjustable zonal oil production,and intelligent zonal production.The principles,construction processes,adaptability,advantages and disadvantages of the technology are introduced in detail.Based on the actual production situation of the oilfields in China at present,three development directions of the technology are proposed.First,the real-time monitoring and adjustment level of separated zone oil production needs to be improved by developing downhole sensor technology and two-way communication technology between ground and downhole and enhancing full life cycle service capability and adaptability to horizontal wells.Second,an integrated platform of zonal oil production and management should be built using a digital artificial lifting system.Third,integration of injection and production should be implemented through large-scale application of zonal oil production and zonal water injection to improve matching and adjustment level between the injection and production parameters,thus making the development adjustment from"lag control"to"real-time optimization"and improving the development effect.
基金Projects supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51979275)This work was supported by the Jilin Province Key Research and Development Plan Project(Grant No.20180201036SF)+2 种基金the Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying,Mapping and Remote Sensing,Wuhan University(Grant No.19R06)the Open Research Project of the State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology,Zhejiang University(Grant No.ICT20021)the Chinese Universities Scientific Fund(Grant Nos.2020TC033,10710301).
文摘The mechanism of the flow resistance in open channels and pipelines is of vital importance for various critical issues related to the water flow.The Nikurade’s method of calculating the friction factor is not applicable in some cases.It is necessary to consider the influence of the vortex volume surrounding the vegetation and to study the hydrodynamic characteristics of the vegetated channels.This paper analyzes the variation of the vortices created by the surface roughness of different types and different sizes and proposes new definitions of the hydraulic radius and the equivalent roughness height.With consideration of the skin friction and the form drag,on the basis of the force balance equation,a novel calculation method is used for the friction factor,and this method is verified by experimental data.The hydrodynamic mechanism of the flow resistance revealed in this study may serve as a theoretical basis for hydraulic engineers to calculate the friction factor.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51739011)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2016YFC0402707-03).
文摘For the study of the effects of partially non-submerged rigid vegetation on the free-surface confluence flow in a curved open channel,a numerical simulation is carried out by using the Volume of Fluid model combined with the porous media model with the software OpenFOAM.The model is first validated by using available experimental measurement data with a good agreement.Then,the characteristics of the separation zone generated by the centrifugal forces and the confluence flow are analyzed.Due to the resistance created by the vegetation,the velocities in the separation zone are more chaotic and the separation zone becomes smaller and more irregular.The reduction of the separation zone area of the vegetated flow in the convex bank is more significant than that in the concave bank.The velocities in the vegetated region become much smaller and remains so in the downstream flow after the vegetation region.Meanwhile,the vegetation compresses and divides the circulations in the flow area,rebuilding a structure with smaller circulations in the main flow and unclear circulations in the vegetation region.In addition,the bed wall shear stresses are significantly smaller in the vegetation region and the separation zone compared to the non-vegetated flow.This implies that the vegetation can have the effect of protecting the river bed from erosion.
