The social nutrition status was investigated among 246 subjects aged 60-90 living at three urban communities in Chengdu of Sichuan Province. The questionnaire was designed to evaluate socirydeweraphic background, the ...The social nutrition status was investigated among 246 subjects aged 60-90 living at three urban communities in Chengdu of Sichuan Province. The questionnaire was designed to evaluate socirydeweraphic background, the subjects' nutrition knowledge, and the support systerns for geriatric nutrition. Fasting venous blcod was colected for the analysis of biochemical parameters. Blood pressure, bene mineral contents (BMC), body weight (BW) and they height (BH) were measured at the same time. Only 49. 7% of the subjects correctly an swered four basic questions on nutrition. Food patterns for the elder1y were simple and modest. Several nutrition-related disorders for the elderly were including high systolic bbo pressure (44. 6 % ), hyPertriglyceridemia (25. 9 % ), high diasto1ic blood pressure (25. 1% ),obesity (24. 5% ), high PBG (20. 6% ), emaciation (19. 9%), high FBG (17.9%) and osteoporosis (16. 8%). These data indicate that the support systems for the geriatric nutrition will have to be improved.展开更多
I Since 1990, as a person in charge of key research projects of the China Tibetology Research Center, I have had opportunities almost every year to conduct field surveys on anthropology in Tibet together with my colle...I Since 1990, as a person in charge of key research projects of the China Tibetology Research Center, I have had opportunities almost every year to conduct field surveys on anthropology in Tibet together with my colleagues. Our investigations focus on the family. The purpose of our surveys is to see social changes in Tibet during the 50 years after the Democratic Reform through the study of the family as a social cell.展开更多
Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection is one of the most common chronic bacterial infections all over the world.University students are a group with strong comprehensive ability.Their cognition and behavior can exert...Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection is one of the most common chronic bacterial infections all over the world.University students are a group with strong comprehensive ability.Their cognition and behavior can exert great impact on society.However,up to now,reports on the awareness and attitudes regarding H.pylori infection among university students are scarce.This study aimed to survey dietary,habits,knowledge,and attitudes towards H.pylori infection.A total of 5794 participants,including undergraduates,postgraduates,and doctoral students,were recruited from the top 100 universities in China.A selfconstructed questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge and attitudes of students toward H.pylori infection and its impact.In our study,most of the population preferred dining in the canteen(69.6%),whereas 20.6% chose restaurants or takeaway.Up to 24.1% of the respondents had at least one lifestyle habit associated with H.pylori colonization.Almost half had at least one digestive symptom related to H.pylori infection.Most students were aware of its association with gastritis(84.4%)and peptic ulcer(86.6%).However,only half of them were aware of its association with gastric cancer(57.9%).Furthermore,only 14.1% of the respondents had been tested for H.pylori,and 25.1% of them tested positive.The H.pylori-detection rate was higher in Hunan province compared with Guangdong and Jilin provinces.Regarding knowledge of H.pylori,65.4% of the respondents had known about it,and 24.3% correctly answered all questions.When comparing the acquisition of H.pylori knowledge between tested and untested students,32.5% of the tested participants answered all questions correctly,which was significantly higher than the untested group(13.1%).There was no significant difference between genders in H.pylori knowledge and detection.University students are highly educated population.If they were fully aware of the harm of H.pylori infection,their parents,friends,and even future families would benefit,thus reducing the incidence of H.pylori infection,as well as gastric cancer and healthcare finances.This survey not only investigated but also spread the awareness of H.pylori among university students,which is of great medical,economic and sociological importance.展开更多
In an attempt to enhance knowledge on the energy poverty phenomenon in mountainous areas,a primary social survey was conducted in a typical mountainous town of Greece,Metsovo in the Region of Epirus.The survey recorde...In an attempt to enhance knowledge on the energy poverty phenomenon in mountainous areas,a primary social survey was conducted in a typical mountainous town of Greece,Metsovo in the Region of Epirus.The survey recorded quantitative data of energy expenses and incomes of households and it also captured qualitative indicators related to energy poverty.The findings showed that nine out of ten households in Metsovo are exposed to energy poverty,based on the objective 10%index.The subjective indicators revealed other interesting aspects of the problem.Over one-third of the local population live in houses that are inadequately heated and/or present damp problems.Almost two-thirds of the local population have been forced to restrict other basic needs,in order to respond to high energy costs.Studying the relationships between variables of the survey also revealed some notable issues.Households inadequately heated present statistical significant correlation with the heating system used.The inadequately heated houses are also correlated with houses that presented damp-mould problems,as well as households that report arrears in energy bills.Moreover,reduction in hours of heating system operation is correlated with health problems.Current energy policy in Greece does not include specific strategies for mountainous areas,apart from some differentiations in heating oil subsidies.The great extent of energy poverty in mountainous Greece,highlighted by the present representative(with respect to mountainous Greece)study,may have irreversible social impacts.Hence,a need for specific and effective action is necessary,whose main axes should be an extensive upgrade of buildings’energy efficiency in mountainous settlements and special fuel tariffs for mountainous areas.展开更多
Tank cascade system(TCS)is a series of tanks located in a meso-catchment and has been accepted as a Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System found in Sri Lanka.Ecosystem components of the TCS play a major role ...Tank cascade system(TCS)is a series of tanks located in a meso-catchment and has been accepted as a Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System found in Sri Lanka.Ecosystem components of the TCS play a major role in purifying water within the system.This study attempted to investigate the water quality status and the farmers’willingness to rehabilitate the ecosystem components of the Thirappane TCS.Drinking and irrigation water quality parameters were tested in 34 locations and drinking and irrigation water quality indexes were calculated.Participatory rural appraisal and a questioner survey were conducted to gather social data.Water of TCS was observed to be appropriate for irrigation but not for drinking during the Maha cropping season.Based on the results of the Nitrate(as NO_(3)^(-))and Total Phosphate(as PO_(4)^(3-)),water of TCS can be categorized as eutrophic.Presence of ecosystem features of tank cascade system,annual income of the respondents,satisfaction on the quality of water for drinking,and the awareness about the tank cascade system significantly influenced the participatory decisions of the community on the rehabilitation of TCS.This study shall be an example and an eye opener to formulate sustainable tank cascade management plan.展开更多
As China’s market-oriented economic reforms deepen, an urgent task lying ahead of us is to develop, standardize and improve the system of social security. What, however, is meant by a unified, standardized and perfec...As China’s market-oriented economic reforms deepen, an urgent task lying ahead of us is to develop, standardize and improve the system of social security. What, however, is meant by a unified, standardized and perfect social security system? How can we institute such a system? These questions remain urgently in need of study.This then was the setting of a national seminar on "The Theory and Practice of展开更多
Research is increasingly showing that the impact of education on fertility can result in various and sometimes conflicting outcomes.Using data from the China General Social Survey,this study investigates this issue by...Research is increasingly showing that the impact of education on fertility can result in various and sometimes conflicting outcomes.Using data from the China General Social Survey,this study investigates this issue by exploring five channels(the five"BASIC"effects-base,ambition,spouse,income,and concept effects)through which education might influence diferent fertility behaviors.Using the number of Confucian temples in a region as an instrumental variable for education and employing the two-stage least squares estimation,the results indicate that after taking into account the BASIC effects,the impact of education on actual fertility behavior-both the number of children and the decision to have children-becomes insignificant.However,the negative influence of education on fertility intentions persists.This suggests that,although an increase in the level of education may reduce people's desire to have children,the actual fertility behavior can be influenced more by factors such as individual work status(the base effect)and personal expectations(the ambition effect).These findings provide new insights to assist China to optimize its population policy further,helping policymakers to understand better how education affects fertility choices and to formulate more precise population development strategies.展开更多
Exposure to multiple natural hazard-related disasters will become more common due to climate change.This article reports on the development and validation of a cumulative measure of exposure to natural hazard-related ...Exposure to multiple natural hazard-related disasters will become more common due to climate change.This article reports on the development and validation of a cumulative measure of exposure to natural hazard-related disasters(2013–2017)at the area level,and an individual-level measure of disaster impact using data from the Longitudinal Cohort Study on the Filipino Child and linked data from the International Disaster Database(EM-DAT).Caregiver reports of cumulative exposure to disasters had statistically significant associations with disasters reported by neighborhood officials and with disasters in EM-DAT.Using ecometric techniques we generated a reliable community average measure of exposure to natural hazard-related disasters.Based on neighbor but not individual self-reports this exogenous measure of disaster exposure in the local area was more strongly related to EM-DAT and official neighborhood reports than individual reports.To capture household variation we developed an individual-level measure of disaster impacts.Disaster impact was associated with measures of exposure(individual and community average),community ratings by officials,and EM-DAT but only moderately associated with the community average exposure.Both the community average and disaster impacts measures were associated with household income and the adequacy of income in households.展开更多
文摘The social nutrition status was investigated among 246 subjects aged 60-90 living at three urban communities in Chengdu of Sichuan Province. The questionnaire was designed to evaluate socirydeweraphic background, the subjects' nutrition knowledge, and the support systerns for geriatric nutrition. Fasting venous blcod was colected for the analysis of biochemical parameters. Blood pressure, bene mineral contents (BMC), body weight (BW) and they height (BH) were measured at the same time. Only 49. 7% of the subjects correctly an swered four basic questions on nutrition. Food patterns for the elder1y were simple and modest. Several nutrition-related disorders for the elderly were including high systolic bbo pressure (44. 6 % ), hyPertriglyceridemia (25. 9 % ), high diasto1ic blood pressure (25. 1% ),obesity (24. 5% ), high PBG (20. 6% ), emaciation (19. 9%), high FBG (17.9%) and osteoporosis (16. 8%). These data indicate that the support systems for the geriatric nutrition will have to be improved.
文摘I Since 1990, as a person in charge of key research projects of the China Tibetology Research Center, I have had opportunities almost every year to conduct field surveys on anthropology in Tibet together with my colleagues. Our investigations focus on the family. The purpose of our surveys is to see social changes in Tibet during the 50 years after the Democratic Reform through the study of the family as a social cell.
基金funded by the Development and Reform Commission of Hunan Province to Yuqian Zhou(Grant No.2021-212-17).
文摘Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection is one of the most common chronic bacterial infections all over the world.University students are a group with strong comprehensive ability.Their cognition and behavior can exert great impact on society.However,up to now,reports on the awareness and attitudes regarding H.pylori infection among university students are scarce.This study aimed to survey dietary,habits,knowledge,and attitudes towards H.pylori infection.A total of 5794 participants,including undergraduates,postgraduates,and doctoral students,were recruited from the top 100 universities in China.A selfconstructed questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge and attitudes of students toward H.pylori infection and its impact.In our study,most of the population preferred dining in the canteen(69.6%),whereas 20.6% chose restaurants or takeaway.Up to 24.1% of the respondents had at least one lifestyle habit associated with H.pylori colonization.Almost half had at least one digestive symptom related to H.pylori infection.Most students were aware of its association with gastritis(84.4%)and peptic ulcer(86.6%).However,only half of them were aware of its association with gastric cancer(57.9%).Furthermore,only 14.1% of the respondents had been tested for H.pylori,and 25.1% of them tested positive.The H.pylori-detection rate was higher in Hunan province compared with Guangdong and Jilin provinces.Regarding knowledge of H.pylori,65.4% of the respondents had known about it,and 24.3% correctly answered all questions.When comparing the acquisition of H.pylori knowledge between tested and untested students,32.5% of the tested participants answered all questions correctly,which was significantly higher than the untested group(13.1%).There was no significant difference between genders in H.pylori knowledge and detection.University students are highly educated population.If they were fully aware of the harm of H.pylori infection,their parents,friends,and even future families would benefit,thus reducing the incidence of H.pylori infection,as well as gastric cancer and healthcare finances.This survey not only investigated but also spread the awareness of H.pylori among university students,which is of great medical,economic and sociological importance.
基金supported by the STEP-IN Project(Using Living Labs to roll out Sustainable Strategies for Energy Poor Individuals)funded under the HORIZON Framework Programme of the European Commission(Contract No.785125)。
文摘In an attempt to enhance knowledge on the energy poverty phenomenon in mountainous areas,a primary social survey was conducted in a typical mountainous town of Greece,Metsovo in the Region of Epirus.The survey recorded quantitative data of energy expenses and incomes of households and it also captured qualitative indicators related to energy poverty.The findings showed that nine out of ten households in Metsovo are exposed to energy poverty,based on the objective 10%index.The subjective indicators revealed other interesting aspects of the problem.Over one-third of the local population live in houses that are inadequately heated and/or present damp problems.Almost two-thirds of the local population have been forced to restrict other basic needs,in order to respond to high energy costs.Studying the relationships between variables of the survey also revealed some notable issues.Households inadequately heated present statistical significant correlation with the heating system used.The inadequately heated houses are also correlated with houses that presented damp-mould problems,as well as households that report arrears in energy bills.Moreover,reduction in hours of heating system operation is correlated with health problems.Current energy policy in Greece does not include specific strategies for mountainous areas,apart from some differentiations in heating oil subsidies.The great extent of energy poverty in mountainous Greece,highlighted by the present representative(with respect to mountainous Greece)study,may have irreversible social impacts.Hence,a need for specific and effective action is necessary,whose main axes should be an extensive upgrade of buildings’energy efficiency in mountainous settlements and special fuel tariffs for mountainous areas.
文摘Tank cascade system(TCS)is a series of tanks located in a meso-catchment and has been accepted as a Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System found in Sri Lanka.Ecosystem components of the TCS play a major role in purifying water within the system.This study attempted to investigate the water quality status and the farmers’willingness to rehabilitate the ecosystem components of the Thirappane TCS.Drinking and irrigation water quality parameters were tested in 34 locations and drinking and irrigation water quality indexes were calculated.Participatory rural appraisal and a questioner survey were conducted to gather social data.Water of TCS was observed to be appropriate for irrigation but not for drinking during the Maha cropping season.Based on the results of the Nitrate(as NO_(3)^(-))and Total Phosphate(as PO_(4)^(3-)),water of TCS can be categorized as eutrophic.Presence of ecosystem features of tank cascade system,annual income of the respondents,satisfaction on the quality of water for drinking,and the awareness about the tank cascade system significantly influenced the participatory decisions of the community on the rehabilitation of TCS.This study shall be an example and an eye opener to formulate sustainable tank cascade management plan.
文摘As China’s market-oriented economic reforms deepen, an urgent task lying ahead of us is to develop, standardize and improve the system of social security. What, however, is meant by a unified, standardized and perfect social security system? How can we institute such a system? These questions remain urgently in need of study.This then was the setting of a national seminar on "The Theory and Practice of
基金support from National Social Science Foundation Post-funding (No.22FJLB005)Shanghai Philosophy and Social Science Planning Youth Project (No.2022EJB005)+1 种基金National Statistical Science Research Projects of China (No.2024LY039)Shanghai Youth Work Research Topics (No.2024QYKTLX18-6).
文摘Research is increasingly showing that the impact of education on fertility can result in various and sometimes conflicting outcomes.Using data from the China General Social Survey,this study investigates this issue by exploring five channels(the five"BASIC"effects-base,ambition,spouse,income,and concept effects)through which education might influence diferent fertility behaviors.Using the number of Confucian temples in a region as an instrumental variable for education and employing the two-stage least squares estimation,the results indicate that after taking into account the BASIC effects,the impact of education on actual fertility behavior-both the number of children and the decision to have children-becomes insignificant.However,the negative influence of education on fertility intentions persists.This suggests that,although an increase in the level of education may reduce people's desire to have children,the actual fertility behavior can be influenced more by factors such as individual work status(the base effect)and personal expectations(the ambition effect).These findings provide new insights to assist China to optimize its population policy further,helping policymakers to understand better how education affects fertility choices and to formulate more precise population development strategies.
文摘Exposure to multiple natural hazard-related disasters will become more common due to climate change.This article reports on the development and validation of a cumulative measure of exposure to natural hazard-related disasters(2013–2017)at the area level,and an individual-level measure of disaster impact using data from the Longitudinal Cohort Study on the Filipino Child and linked data from the International Disaster Database(EM-DAT).Caregiver reports of cumulative exposure to disasters had statistically significant associations with disasters reported by neighborhood officials and with disasters in EM-DAT.Using ecometric techniques we generated a reliable community average measure of exposure to natural hazard-related disasters.Based on neighbor but not individual self-reports this exogenous measure of disaster exposure in the local area was more strongly related to EM-DAT and official neighborhood reports than individual reports.To capture household variation we developed an individual-level measure of disaster impacts.Disaster impact was associated with measures of exposure(individual and community average),community ratings by officials,and EM-DAT but only moderately associated with the community average exposure.Both the community average and disaster impacts measures were associated with household income and the adequacy of income in households.
