BACKGROUND:Hospital mortality rates are higher among patients with sepsis-associated acute kidney injury(SA-AKI)than among patients with sepsis.However,the pathogenesis underlying SA-AKI remains unclear.We hypothesize...BACKGROUND:Hospital mortality rates are higher among patients with sepsis-associated acute kidney injury(SA-AKI)than among patients with sepsis.However,the pathogenesis underlying SA-AKI remains unclear.We hypothesized that the source of infection affects development of SA-AKI.We aim to explore the relationship between the anatomical source of infection and outcome in patients with SA-AKI.METHODS:Between January 2013 and January 2018,113 patients with SA-AKI admitted to our Emergency Center were identifi ed and divided into two groups:those with pulmonary infections and those with other sources of infection.For each patient,we collected data from admission until either discharge or death.We also recorded the clinical outcome after 90 days for the discharged patients.RESULTS:The most common source of infection was the lung(52/113 cases,46%),followed by gastrointestinal(GI)(25/113 cases,22.1%)and urinary(22/113,19.5%)sources.Our analysis showed that patients with SA-AKI had a significantly worse outcome(30/52 cases,P<0.001)and poorer kidney recovery(P=0.015)with pulmonary sources of infection than those infected by another source.Data also showed that patients not infected by a pulmonary source more likely experienced shock(28/61 cases,P=0.037).CONCLUSION:This study demonstrated that the source of infection infl uenced the outcome of SA-AKI patients in an independent manner.Lung injury may influence renal function in an asyet undetermined manner as the recovery of kidney function was poorer in SA-AKI patients with a pulmonary source of infection.展开更多
Septic arthritis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a rare disease that is characterized by preauricular pain, edema, malocclusion, trismus and abscess formation in the TMJ region. An 85-year-old male visited our...Septic arthritis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a rare disease that is characterized by preauricular pain, edema, malocclusion, trismus and abscess formation in the TMJ region. An 85-year-old male visited our hospital with the complaint of left-sided TMJ swelling, pain and trismus. Septic arthritis of the left TMJ was diagnosed on the basis of considerable elevation of CRP (Creactive proteins) and CT imaging findings. The patient was treated with oral Faropenem at 450 mg daily, but CRP increased three days after the initial visit. He was hospitalized and treated with intravenous administration of cefazolin at 2 g and clindamycin at 1.2 g daily for six days. Propionibacterium species and Veillonella species grew in a culture of the joint aspirate, but there was no apparent source of infection. After acute infectious symptoms had passed, the patient was treated with oral amoxicillin at 750 mg daily for eight weeks and was instructed to do jaw opening exercise. The patient was discharged on the 11th hospital day. After three weeks of the hospital discharge, the patient healed completely. To avoid serious complications, clinicians should include septic arthritis of the TMJ in the differential diagnosis of preauricular pain, trismus and swelling.展开更多
Background: Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs) remain a common cause of death, functional disability, emotional suffering and economic burden among hospitalized patients. Knowledge of HAIs is important in its prevent...Background: Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs) remain a common cause of death, functional disability, emotional suffering and economic burden among hospitalized patients. Knowledge of HAIs is important in its prevention and control. This study seeks to assess the knowledge of Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs) among medical students in a Tertiary Hospital in Jos North Local Government Area, Plateau State, Nigeria. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study done in October 2019 among clinical medical students using a Multistage sampling technique. Data was collected using a self-administered structured questionnaire and analyzed using the IBM SPSS 20 (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). Ethical approval was granted by Bingham University Teaching Hospital, Ethics Committee, Jos, Plateau State. Results: A total of 219 students in the clinical arm of the College of Medicine and Health Sciences were selected. A higher proportion (97.7%) of respondents knew about Hospital Acquired Infections and 85.4% knew that Hospital Acquired infections occur in the hospital, and (86.3%) considered patients contagious with half (58.9%) considered patients as the most important source of HAIs, followed by care givers (13.2%), then doctors including medical students and interns (10.0%) and lastly nurses (8.7%). The majority of respondents (70.8%) considered Surgical Wound Infections to be the most commonly occurring HAI, followed by UTIs (69.9%), RTIs (61.2%), BSIs (37.0%) and others (0.9%). The clinical thermometer was the instrument that most commonly transmits HAIs (82.6%), then followed by stethoscope (62.1%), white coats (53.9%), and blood pressure cuff (51.1%). Most respondents knew the infectious substances, like blood (96.3%), nasal discharge (82.6%), saliva (85.3%), and faeces (79.4%) transmitted HAIs, 72.6% of the respondents said that they were aware of the recommended hand washing techniques by WHO. Conclusion: The majority of students 91.3% had good knowledge while 8.7% had poor knowledge of HAIs. Lower classes had more respondents with poor knowledge. This finding was statistically significant (p = 0.002, Chi-square 12.819). Students are encouraged to keep up the level of knowledge they have about HAIs. These students can help improve the knowledge of those whose knowledge level is low. Government and NGOs should support sponsorship for capacity-building events targeted at HAIs for healthcare workers and medical students.展开更多
Background: Spontaneous ascites fluid infection (SAFI) is an extremely serious and frequently encountered complication in cirrhotic patients. We aimed to determine the prevalence of SAFI and the factors associated wit...Background: Spontaneous ascites fluid infection (SAFI) is an extremely serious and frequently encountered complication in cirrhotic patients. We aimed to determine the prevalence of SAFI and the factors associated with it in the largest hospital in Cotonou. Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive and analytical study conducted from January 2013 to July 2019, at the National and University Hospital Hubert Koutoukou Maga (CNHU-HKM) in Cotonou, Benin. All patients followed in the University Clinic of Hepato-Gastroenterology and diagnosed with SAFI were included. Results: Eighty-two patients were included, predominantly males (69.5%), with a mean age of 51.5 ± 14.5 years. Among them, 32 had SAFI, i.e., a prevalence of 39%. Of the 32 cases of SAFI, the culture of ascites fluid was positive in 6 cases (18.7%). The most frequent germ found in SAFI was Escherichia coli (5 patients, 83.3%). The factors associated with SAFI in this study were: abdominal pain (p = 0.004), increased bilirubinemia (p = 0.009), decreased prothrombin level 20 (p = 0.001). Conclusion: SAFI was common in cirrhotic patients in the department. Certain clinical and paraclinical factors were associated with it, as was the severity of cirrhosis. Early diagnosis and aetiological management of cirrhosis could reduce its frequency.展开更多
Multiple waves of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) outbreaks have affected numerous countries worldwide. The first case of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection was reported in Hong Kong in August 2020^([1]), leading to increased ...Multiple waves of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) outbreaks have affected numerous countries worldwide. The first case of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection was reported in Hong Kong in August 2020^([1]), leading to increased interest in the effectiveness of natural immunity acquired from primary infection. While data reports vary across countries, all findings indicate that prior SARS-CoV-2 infection provides substantial protection against reinfection^([2]). However, natural immunity from infection with previous non-Omicron or early Omicron sub-lineages offers lower levels of protection against Omicron reinfection, with rates below 60%^([3]) and approximately 75%[4], respectively.展开更多
Rickettsia felis is an exclusively cytozoic Gram-negative prokaryote with cat fleas as the major vectors.[1]As early as 1918,Rickettsia felis was detected in cat fleas in Europe and named Rickettsia ctenocephali.[2]Sy...Rickettsia felis is an exclusively cytozoic Gram-negative prokaryote with cat fleas as the major vectors.[1]As early as 1918,Rickettsia felis was detected in cat fleas in Europe and named Rickettsia ctenocephali.[2]Symptoms of fever,malaise,headache,maculopapular rash and eschar are observed in patients with Rickettsia felis infection.展开更多
Multiaxial neutron/x-ray imaging and three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction techniques play a crucial role in gaining valuable insights intothe generation and evolution mechanisms of pulsed radiation sources. Owing to ...Multiaxial neutron/x-ray imaging and three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction techniques play a crucial role in gaining valuable insights intothe generation and evolution mechanisms of pulsed radiation sources. Owing to the short emission time (∼200 ns) and drastic changes of thepulsed radiation source, it is necessary to acquire projection data within a few nanoseconds in order to achieve clear computed tomography3D imaging. As a consequence, projection data that can be used for computed tomography image reconstruction at a certain moment are oftenavailable for only a few angles. Traditional algorithms employed in the process of reconstructing 3D images with extremely incomplete datamay introduce significant distortions and artifacts into the final image. In this paper, we propose an iterative image reconstruction methodusing cylindrical harmonic decomposition and a self-supervised denoising network algorithm based on the deep image prior method. Weaugment the prior information with a 2D total variation prior and a 3D deep image prior. Single-wire Z-pinch imaging experiments have beencarried out at Qin-1 facility in five views and four frames, with a time resolution of 3 ns for each frame and a time interval of 40 ns betweenadjacent frames. Both numerical simulations and experiments verify that our proposed algorithm can achieve high-quality reconstructionresults and obtain the 3D intensity distribution and evolution of extreme ultraviolet and soft x-ray emission from plasma.展开更多
Introduction: Infection disease is a real publique health problem. The rise of resistance for modern antibiotic in infections treatment imposed us order alternatives. The study objective was to contribute in the knowl...Introduction: Infection disease is a real publique health problem. The rise of resistance for modern antibiotic in infections treatment imposed us order alternatives. The study objective was to contribute in the knowledge of medicinal plants uses in urinary infections treatment in N’Djamena (Chad) in view for amelioration the traditional medicine in future. Methodology: The study was conducted in the city of N’Djamena in the Republic of Chad that interviewed 60 traditherapists on using 11 plants for urinary tract infections treatment. The methodology of this study consisted of the knowledge of medicinal plants that used by traditherapists, and the plants identification was done in the laboratory of IRED at Farcha. Results: A total of 60 traditherapists was interrogated on the plants used in the treatment of urinary tract infections among the population of N’Djamena. The majority of traditherapists interrogated in this study were male with the rate of 61.67% against female with the rate of 38.33%. The age range of traditherapists was between 20 to 80 years, 25 (41.67%) from the age range between 30 - 50 years and 35 (58.33%) in age range from 50 to 70 years. For the origin of their knowledge, the study showed that 72% of traditherapists inherited the knowledge from their family, while 15% inherited from the family and from training. The ethnic groups of the traditherapists were Sara (16%), Maraba (12%) and Massa (11%). According to the results, 18.33% were illiterates, 49% attended primary school and 33.34% the secondary school. Our study found that 11 species of plants belonging to 11 families were used in the treatment of urinary tract infection and the Ziziphus spina-christi was the most represented. According to traditherapists the Ziziphus spina-christi, Cassia obovata and Euphorbia hirta were the most frequent plants used in the urinary tract infections treatment. The parts of plants used in the treatment were leaves and bark, grained leaves and entire plants with the proportion of 50%, 16.67 and 15% respectively. Conclusion: This study revealed that the medicinal plants are variously used in the treatment of infection urinary tract in the city of N’Djamena.展开更多
Objective: To explore the practice and application of infection prevention and control strategies in risk departments during the COVID-19 epidemic, and to formulate the infection prevention and control measures to pro...Objective: To explore the practice and application of infection prevention and control strategies in risk departments during the COVID-19 epidemic, and to formulate the infection prevention and control measures to provide advice and guidance in risk departments. Methods: According to the latest plan of diagnosis and treatment, prevention and control issued by the National Health Commission, expert advice and consensus, combined with the actual situation in our hospital, a series of infection prevention and control measures of COVID-19 in risk department was formulated. Results: During the epidemic period, the prevention and control measures of nine risk departments including emergency operation, anesthesiology, endoscopy center, blood purification center, otolaryngology, stomatology, medical imaging department, medical cosmetology department and pulmonary function room were established from six aspects, including pre-examination and screening, medical technology control, personnel management, personal protection, environmental disinfection, medical waste disposal, etc. Conclusion: During the epidemic period, the infection prevention and control strategy of risk departments is one of the key links to control the spread of the epidemic, and risk departments must pay attention to and strictly implement various infection prevention and control measures.展开更多
Nocardiosis manifests as an opportunistic infection,primarily affecting individuals who are immunocompromised and susceptible to the infection.We present a case study of one patient with nephrotic syndrome and membran...Nocardiosis manifests as an opportunistic infection,primarily affecting individuals who are immunocompromised and susceptible to the infection.We present a case study of one patient with nephrotic syndrome and membranous nephropathy,who underwent treatment with prednisone and cyclosporine in 2016.In early 2017,the patient was diagnosed with a"fungal infection"and discontinued the use of cyclosporine.After one month of anti-infection therapy,a cranial magnetic resonance imaging scan showed multiple abscesses in the right temporal region.The diagnosis of nocardiosis was confirmed based on the presence of metastatic abscess masses,multiple lung and brain lesions,and a positive culture of Nocardia in the drainage.We changed the anti-infection therapy to a combination of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole(TMP-SMX),minocycline,and voriconazole.However,the patient experienced a sudden cardiac arrest and subsequently recovered after cardiopulmonary resuscitation.During the five-month follow-up period following the discharge,the patient displayed an enhanced nutritional status and stable renal function.The focal infection ultimately resolved during the subsequent three years.Neuro-infection caused by Nocardia should be considered in immunocompromised patients,and TMP-SMX is the preferred initial therapy;however,because of the high mortality rate,a long-term combination therapy with imipenem,cefotaxime,amikacin,and TMP-SMX is suggested.展开更多
An accurate assessment of the evacuation efficiency in case of disasters is of vital importance to the safety design of buildings and street blocks.Hazard sources not only physically but psychologically affect the ped...An accurate assessment of the evacuation efficiency in case of disasters is of vital importance to the safety design of buildings and street blocks.Hazard sources not only physically but psychologically affect the pedestrians,which may further alter their behavioral patterns.This effect is especially significant in narrow spaces,such as corridors and alleys.This study aims to integrate a non-spreading hazard source into the social force model following the results from a previous experiment and simulation,and to simulate unidirectional pedestrian flows over various crowd densities and clarity–intensity properties of the hazard source.The integration include a virtual repulsion force from the hazard source and a decay on the social force term.The simulations reveal(i)that the hazard source creates virtual bottlenecks that suppress the flow,(ii)that the inter-pedestrian push forms a stabilisation phase on the flow-density curve within medium-to-high densities,and(iii)that the pedestrians are prone to a less orderly and stable pattern of movement in low clarity–intensity scenarios,possibly with lateral collisions passing the hazard source.展开更多
Condensed and hydrolysable tannins are non-toxic natural polyphenols that are a commercial commodity industrialized for tanning hides to obtain leather and for a growing number of other industrial applications mainly ...Condensed and hydrolysable tannins are non-toxic natural polyphenols that are a commercial commodity industrialized for tanning hides to obtain leather and for a growing number of other industrial applications mainly to substitute petroleum-based products.They are a definite class of sustainable materials of the forestry industry.They have been in operation for hundreds of years to manufacture leather and now for a growing number of applications in a variety of other industries,such as wood adhesives,metal coating,pharmaceutical/medical applications and several others.This review presents the main sources,either already or potentially commercial of this forestry by-materials,their industrial and laboratory extraction systems,their systems of analysis with their advantages and drawbacks,be these methods so simple to even appear primitive but nonetheless of proven effectiveness,or very modern and instrumental.It constitutes a basic but essential summary of what is necessary to know of these sustainable materials.In doing so,the review highlights some of the main challenges that remain to be addressed to deliver the quality and economics of tannin supply necessary to fulfill the industrial production requirements for some materials-based uses.展开更多
BACKGROUND Prophylactic loop ileostomy is an effective way to reduce the clinical severity of anastomotic leakage following radical resection of rectal cancer.Incisional surgical site infection(SSI)is a common complic...BACKGROUND Prophylactic loop ileostomy is an effective way to reduce the clinical severity of anastomotic leakage following radical resection of rectal cancer.Incisional surgical site infection(SSI)is a common complication after ileostomy closure.AIM To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the micro-power negative pressure wound technique(MPNPWT)in preventing incisional SSI.METHODS This was a prospective,randomized controlled clinical trial conducted at a single center.A total of 101 consecutive patients who underwent ileostomy closure after rectal cancer surgery with a prophylactic ileostomy were enrolled from January 2019 to December 2021.Patients were randomly allocated into an MPNPWT group and a control group.The MPNPWT group underwent intermittent suturing of the surgical incision with 2-0 Prolene and was covered with a micro-power negative pressure dressing.The surgical outcomes were compared between the MPNPWT(n=50)and control(n=51)groups.Risk factors for incisional SSI were identified using logistic regression.RESULTS There were no differences in baseline characteristics between the MPNPWT(n=50)and control groups(n=51).The incisional SSI rate was significantly higher in the control group than in the MPNPWT group(15.7%vs 2.0%,P=0.031).However,MPNPWT did not affect other surgical outcomes,including intra-abdominal complications,operative time,and blood loss.Postoperative hospital stay length and hospitalization costs did not differ significantly between the two groups(P=0.069 and 0.843,respectively).None of the patients experienced adverse effects of MPNPWT,including skin allergy,dermatitis,and pain.MPNPWT also helped heal the infected incision.Our study indicated that MPNPWT was an independent protective factor[odds ratio(OR)=0.005,P=0.025)]and diabetes was a risk factor(OR=26.575,P=0.029)for incisional SSI.CONCLUSION MPNPWT is an effective and safe way to prevent incisional SSI after loop ileostomy closure.展开更多
Introduction: Infections are significant causes of mortality in sickle cell children in resource-limited countries. This study aimed to determine the clinical profile and bacterial ecology of infections in children wi...Introduction: Infections are significant causes of mortality in sickle cell children in resource-limited countries. This study aimed to determine the clinical profile and bacterial ecology of infections in children with sickle-cell disease in two referral hospitals in Niamey. Patients and methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted from January 2018 to July 2020 in two referral hospitals in Niamey. All children aged one (1) to 15 years with sickle cell disease admitted for suspected infection, including at least one bacterial culture, were studied. Bacteriological analysis was performed using the appropriate culture media, using BactAlert (Reference 4700003 BTA3D60 BioMérieux). Results: Over 36-months, 350 children with a mean age of 10.9 months were admitted. The sex ratio was 1.2. The SS electrophoretic profile was the most common (93.4%). Immunization status was up to date in 66% of patients. Fever was the common reason for consultation (55.1%). Infection was confirmed in 62 patients (17.7%). The primary diagnoses were bacterial gastroenteritis (24.2%) and urinary tract infection (19.4%). Blood cultures were isolated from Salmonella typhi (13.0%) and Escherichia coli (8.7%). Klebsiella spp (7.1%) and Escherichia coli (5.0%) were detected in cytobacteriological examination of urine. Salmonella typhi (23.5%) and Escherichia coli (5.9%) were isolated on coproculture. Conclusion: Bacterial ecology appears not different from that usually observed in sickle-cell children. Salmonella and Escherichia coli were predominant.展开更多
BACKGROUND:Streptococcus pneumoniae(S.pneumoniae)is a common pathogen that causes bacterial pneumonia.However,with increasing bacterial resistance,there is an urgent need to develop new drugs to treat S.pneumoniae inf...BACKGROUND:Streptococcus pneumoniae(S.pneumoniae)is a common pathogen that causes bacterial pneumonia.However,with increasing bacterial resistance,there is an urgent need to develop new drugs to treat S.pneumoniae infections.Nanodefensin with a 14-carbon saturated fatty acid(ND-C14)is a novel nanoantimicrobial peptide designed by modifying myristic acid at the C-terminus of humanα-defensin 5(HD5)via an amide bond.However,it is unclear whether ND-C14 is effective against lung infections caused by S.pneumoniae.METHODS:In vitro,three groups were established,including the control group,and the HD5 and ND-C14 treatment groups.A virtual colony-count assay was used to evaluate the antibacterial activity of HD5 and ND-C14 against S.pneumoniae.The morphological changes of S.pneumoniae treated with HD5 or ND-C14 were observed by scanning electron microscopy.In vivo,mice were divided into sham,vehicle,and ND-C14 treatment groups.Mice in the sham group were treated with 25μL of phosphate-buffered saline(PBS).Mice in the vehicle and ND-C14 treatment groups were treated with intratracheal instillation of 25μL of bacterial suspension with 2×108 CFU/mL(total bacterial count:5×10^(6) CFU),and then the mice were given 25μL PBS or intratracheally injected with 25μL of ND-C14(including 20μg or 50μg),respectively.Survival rates were evaluated in the vehicle and ND-C14 treatment groups.Bacterial burden in the blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were counted.The lung histology of the mice was assessed.A propidium iodide uptake assay was used to clarify the destructive eff ect of ND-C14 against S.pneumoniae.RESULTS:Compared with HD5,ND-C14 had a better bactericidal eff ect against S.pneumoniae because of its stronger ability to destroy the membrane structure of S.pneumoniae in vitro.In vivo,ND-C14 significantly delayed the death time and improved the survival rate of mice infected with S.pneumoniae.ND-C14 reduced bacterial burden and lung tissue injury.Moreover,ND-C14 had a membrane permeation eff ect on S.pneumoniae,and its destructive ability increased with increasing ND-C14 concentration.CONCLUSION:The ND-C14 may improve bactericidal eff ects on S.pneumoniae both in vitro and in vivo.展开更多
Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate how individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus’ pancreatic β-cell function index and insulin resistance index are affected by tuberculosis infection. Methods: The st...Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate how individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus’ pancreatic β-cell function index and insulin resistance index are affected by tuberculosis infection. Methods: The study group consisted of 89 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and tuberculosis infection who were admitted to Jingzhou Chest Hospital between March 2019 and March 2021. Gender and duration of diabetes were matching conditions. The control group was made up of 89 patients with type 2 diabetes who were admitted to Jingzhou Central Hospital’s endocrinology department during the same period. The two patient groups provided general information such as gender, age, length of diabetes, and blood biochemical indexes such as glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting glucose (FPG), and fasting C-peptide (FC-P). The HOMA calculator was used to calculate the HOMA-β and the HOMA-IR, and intergroup comparisons and correlation analyses were carried out. Results: Regarding gender, age, disease duration, FC-P, and HbA1c, the differences between the two groups were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). However, BMI, FPG, HOMA-β, and HOMA-IR showed statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). In comparison to the control group, the study group’s HOMA-β was lower and its HOMA-IR was greater. According to Spearman’s correlation analysis, HOMA-β had a negative association (P th FPG, HbA1c, and the length of the disease, and a positive correlation with BMI and FC-P. A positive correlation was found between HOMA-IR and BMI, FPG, and FC-P (P < 0.01), as well as a correlation with the length of the disease (P > 0.05) and HbA1c. Conclusions: In type 2 diabetes mellitus combined with tuberculosis infection, the patients had higher FPG levels and lower FC-P levels, the secretory function of pancreatic β-cells was more severely impaired, and insulin resistance was more obvious.展开更多
Objective Human adenovirus(HAdV)infection is common and can develop to serious conditions with high mortality,yet the mechanism of HAdV infection remains unclear.In the present study,the serum metabolite profiles of H...Objective Human adenovirus(HAdV)infection is common and can develop to serious conditions with high mortality,yet the mechanism of HAdV infection remains unclear.In the present study,the serum metabolite profiles of HAdV-7-infected patients with pneumonia or upper respiratory tract infection(URTI)were explored.Methods In total,35 patients were enrolled in the study following an outbreak of HAdV-7 in the army,of whom 14 had pneumonia and 21 had URTI.Blood samples were collected at the acute stage and at the recovery stage and were analyzed by untargeted metabolomics.Results Over 90% of the differential metabolites identified between the pneumonia patients and URTI patients were lipids and lipid-like molecules,including glycerophospholipids,fatty acyls,and sphingolipids.The metabolic pathways that were significantly enriched were primarily the lipid metabolism pathways,including sphingolipid metabolism,glycerophospholipid metabolism,and linoleic acid metabolism.The sphingolipid metabolism was identified as a significantly differential pathway between the pneumonia patients and URTI patients and between the acute and recovery stages for the pneumonia patients,but not between the acute and recovery stages for the URTI patients.Ceramide and lactosylceramide,involved in sphingolipid metabolism,were significantly higher in the pneumonia patients than in the URTI patients with good discrimination abilities[area under curve(AUC)0.742 and 0.716,respectively;combination AUC 0.801].Conclusion Our results suggested that HAdV modulated lipid metabolism for both the patients with URTI and pneumonia,especially the sphingolipid metabolism involving ceramide and lactosylceramide,which might thus be a potential intervention target in the treatment of HAdV infection.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the role of prevention and control strategies for nosocomial infection in a tertiary teaching hospital during the sudden outbreak of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: The hospital i...Objective: To evaluate the role of prevention and control strategies for nosocomial infection in a tertiary teaching hospital during the sudden outbreak of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: The hospital initiated an emergency plan involving multi-departmental defense and control. It adopted a series of nosocomial infection prevention and control measures, including strengthening pre-examination and triage, optimizing the consultation process, improving the hospital’s architectural composition, implementing graded risk management, enhancing personal protection, and implementing staff training and supervision. Descriptive research was used to evaluate the short-term effects of these in-hospital prevention and control strategies. The analysis compared changes in related evaluation indicators between January 24, 2020 and February 12, 2020 (Chinese Lunar New Year’s Eve 2020 to lunar January 19) and the corresponding lunar period of the previous year. Results: Compared to the same period last year, the outpatient fever rate increased by 1.85-fold (P P Conclusion: The nosocomial infection prevention and control strategies implemented during this specific period improved the detection and control abilities for the COVID-19 source of infection and enhanced the compliance with measures. This likely contributed significantly to avoiding the occurrence of nosocomial infection.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the types of bacteria in patients with eye infections in Suzhou and their drug resistance to commonly used antibacterial drugs.METHODS:The clinical data of 155 patients were retrospectively collecte...AIM:To investigate the types of bacteria in patients with eye infections in Suzhou and their drug resistance to commonly used antibacterial drugs.METHODS:The clinical data of 155 patients were retrospectively collected in this study,and the pathogenic bacteria species and drug resistance of each pathogenic bacteria were analyzed.RESULTS:Among the 155 patients(age from 12 to 87 years old,with an average age of 57,99 males and 56 females)with eye infections(160 eyes:74 in the left eye,76 in the right eye and 5 in both eyes,all of which were exogenous),71(45.81%)strains were gram-positive bacteria,23(14.84%)strains were gram-negative bacteria and 61(39.35%)strains were fungi.Gram-positive bacteria were highly resistant to penicillin and erythromycin(78.87%and 46.48%respectively),but least resistant to vancomycin at 0.Gram-negative bacteria were highly resistant to cefoxitin and compound sulfamethoxazole(100%and 95.65%respectively),but least resistant to meropenem at 0.Comparison of the resistance of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria to some drugs revealed statistically significant differences(P<0.05)in the resistance of both to cefoxitin,cotrimoxazole,levofloxacin,cefuroxime,ceftriaxone and ceftazidime,and both had higher rates of resistance to gram-negative bacteria than to gram-positive bacteria.The distribution of bacterial infection strains showed that Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most common strain in the conjunctiva,cornea,aqueous humor or vitreous body and other eye parts.Besides,Fusarium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were also among the most common strains of conjunctival and corneal infections.CONCLUSION:Gram-positive bacteria are the dominant bacteria in eye infections,followed by gram-negative bacteria and fungi.Considering the resistance of gramnegative bacteria to multiple drugs,monitoring of bacteria should be strengthened in eye bacterial infections for effective prevention and control to reduce complications caused by eye infections.展开更多
This paper realizes the full-domain collaborative deployment of multiple interference sources of the global satellite navigation system(GNSS)and evaluates the deployment effect to enhance the ability to disturb the at...This paper realizes the full-domain collaborative deployment of multiple interference sources of the global satellite navigation system(GNSS)and evaluates the deployment effect to enhance the ability to disturb the attacker and the capability to defend the GNSS during navigation countermeasures.Key evaluation indicators for the jamming effect of GNSS suppressive and deceptive jamming sources are first created,their evaluation models are built,and their detection procedures are sorted out,as the basis for determining the deployment principles.The principles for collaboratively deploying multi-jamming sources are developed to obtain the deployment structures(including the required number,structures in demand,and corresponding positions)of three single interference sources required by collaboratively deploying.Accordingly,simulation and hardware-in-loop testing results are presented to determine a rational configuration of the collaborative deployment of multi-jamming sources in the set situation and further realize the full-domain deployment of an interference network from ground,air to space.Varied evaluation indices for the deployment effect are finally developed to evaluate the deployment effect of the proposed configuration and further verify its reliability and rationality.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81873947)Hospital Development center(SHDC120161)
文摘BACKGROUND:Hospital mortality rates are higher among patients with sepsis-associated acute kidney injury(SA-AKI)than among patients with sepsis.However,the pathogenesis underlying SA-AKI remains unclear.We hypothesized that the source of infection affects development of SA-AKI.We aim to explore the relationship between the anatomical source of infection and outcome in patients with SA-AKI.METHODS:Between January 2013 and January 2018,113 patients with SA-AKI admitted to our Emergency Center were identifi ed and divided into two groups:those with pulmonary infections and those with other sources of infection.For each patient,we collected data from admission until either discharge or death.We also recorded the clinical outcome after 90 days for the discharged patients.RESULTS:The most common source of infection was the lung(52/113 cases,46%),followed by gastrointestinal(GI)(25/113 cases,22.1%)and urinary(22/113,19.5%)sources.Our analysis showed that patients with SA-AKI had a significantly worse outcome(30/52 cases,P<0.001)and poorer kidney recovery(P=0.015)with pulmonary sources of infection than those infected by another source.Data also showed that patients not infected by a pulmonary source more likely experienced shock(28/61 cases,P=0.037).CONCLUSION:This study demonstrated that the source of infection infl uenced the outcome of SA-AKI patients in an independent manner.Lung injury may influence renal function in an asyet undetermined manner as the recovery of kidney function was poorer in SA-AKI patients with a pulmonary source of infection.
文摘Septic arthritis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a rare disease that is characterized by preauricular pain, edema, malocclusion, trismus and abscess formation in the TMJ region. An 85-year-old male visited our hospital with the complaint of left-sided TMJ swelling, pain and trismus. Septic arthritis of the left TMJ was diagnosed on the basis of considerable elevation of CRP (Creactive proteins) and CT imaging findings. The patient was treated with oral Faropenem at 450 mg daily, but CRP increased three days after the initial visit. He was hospitalized and treated with intravenous administration of cefazolin at 2 g and clindamycin at 1.2 g daily for six days. Propionibacterium species and Veillonella species grew in a culture of the joint aspirate, but there was no apparent source of infection. After acute infectious symptoms had passed, the patient was treated with oral amoxicillin at 750 mg daily for eight weeks and was instructed to do jaw opening exercise. The patient was discharged on the 11th hospital day. After three weeks of the hospital discharge, the patient healed completely. To avoid serious complications, clinicians should include septic arthritis of the TMJ in the differential diagnosis of preauricular pain, trismus and swelling.
文摘Background: Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs) remain a common cause of death, functional disability, emotional suffering and economic burden among hospitalized patients. Knowledge of HAIs is important in its prevention and control. This study seeks to assess the knowledge of Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs) among medical students in a Tertiary Hospital in Jos North Local Government Area, Plateau State, Nigeria. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study done in October 2019 among clinical medical students using a Multistage sampling technique. Data was collected using a self-administered structured questionnaire and analyzed using the IBM SPSS 20 (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). Ethical approval was granted by Bingham University Teaching Hospital, Ethics Committee, Jos, Plateau State. Results: A total of 219 students in the clinical arm of the College of Medicine and Health Sciences were selected. A higher proportion (97.7%) of respondents knew about Hospital Acquired Infections and 85.4% knew that Hospital Acquired infections occur in the hospital, and (86.3%) considered patients contagious with half (58.9%) considered patients as the most important source of HAIs, followed by care givers (13.2%), then doctors including medical students and interns (10.0%) and lastly nurses (8.7%). The majority of respondents (70.8%) considered Surgical Wound Infections to be the most commonly occurring HAI, followed by UTIs (69.9%), RTIs (61.2%), BSIs (37.0%) and others (0.9%). The clinical thermometer was the instrument that most commonly transmits HAIs (82.6%), then followed by stethoscope (62.1%), white coats (53.9%), and blood pressure cuff (51.1%). Most respondents knew the infectious substances, like blood (96.3%), nasal discharge (82.6%), saliva (85.3%), and faeces (79.4%) transmitted HAIs, 72.6% of the respondents said that they were aware of the recommended hand washing techniques by WHO. Conclusion: The majority of students 91.3% had good knowledge while 8.7% had poor knowledge of HAIs. Lower classes had more respondents with poor knowledge. This finding was statistically significant (p = 0.002, Chi-square 12.819). Students are encouraged to keep up the level of knowledge they have about HAIs. These students can help improve the knowledge of those whose knowledge level is low. Government and NGOs should support sponsorship for capacity-building events targeted at HAIs for healthcare workers and medical students.
文摘Background: Spontaneous ascites fluid infection (SAFI) is an extremely serious and frequently encountered complication in cirrhotic patients. We aimed to determine the prevalence of SAFI and the factors associated with it in the largest hospital in Cotonou. Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive and analytical study conducted from January 2013 to July 2019, at the National and University Hospital Hubert Koutoukou Maga (CNHU-HKM) in Cotonou, Benin. All patients followed in the University Clinic of Hepato-Gastroenterology and diagnosed with SAFI were included. Results: Eighty-two patients were included, predominantly males (69.5%), with a mean age of 51.5 ± 14.5 years. Among them, 32 had SAFI, i.e., a prevalence of 39%. Of the 32 cases of SAFI, the culture of ascites fluid was positive in 6 cases (18.7%). The most frequent germ found in SAFI was Escherichia coli (5 patients, 83.3%). The factors associated with SAFI in this study were: abdominal pain (p = 0.004), increased bilirubinemia (p = 0.009), decreased prothrombin level 20 (p = 0.001). Conclusion: SAFI was common in cirrhotic patients in the department. Certain clinical and paraclinical factors were associated with it, as was the severity of cirrhosis. Early diagnosis and aetiological management of cirrhosis could reduce its frequency.
文摘Multiple waves of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) outbreaks have affected numerous countries worldwide. The first case of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection was reported in Hong Kong in August 2020^([1]), leading to increased interest in the effectiveness of natural immunity acquired from primary infection. While data reports vary across countries, all findings indicate that prior SARS-CoV-2 infection provides substantial protection against reinfection^([2]). However, natural immunity from infection with previous non-Omicron or early Omicron sub-lineages offers lower levels of protection against Omicron reinfection, with rates below 60%^([3]) and approximately 75%[4], respectively.
文摘Rickettsia felis is an exclusively cytozoic Gram-negative prokaryote with cat fleas as the major vectors.[1]As early as 1918,Rickettsia felis was detected in cat fleas in Europe and named Rickettsia ctenocephali.[2]Symptoms of fever,malaise,headache,maculopapular rash and eschar are observed in patients with Rickettsia felis infection.
基金supported partially by a grant from NNSFC No.12027811.
文摘Multiaxial neutron/x-ray imaging and three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction techniques play a crucial role in gaining valuable insights intothe generation and evolution mechanisms of pulsed radiation sources. Owing to the short emission time (∼200 ns) and drastic changes of thepulsed radiation source, it is necessary to acquire projection data within a few nanoseconds in order to achieve clear computed tomography3D imaging. As a consequence, projection data that can be used for computed tomography image reconstruction at a certain moment are oftenavailable for only a few angles. Traditional algorithms employed in the process of reconstructing 3D images with extremely incomplete datamay introduce significant distortions and artifacts into the final image. In this paper, we propose an iterative image reconstruction methodusing cylindrical harmonic decomposition and a self-supervised denoising network algorithm based on the deep image prior method. Weaugment the prior information with a 2D total variation prior and a 3D deep image prior. Single-wire Z-pinch imaging experiments have beencarried out at Qin-1 facility in five views and four frames, with a time resolution of 3 ns for each frame and a time interval of 40 ns betweenadjacent frames. Both numerical simulations and experiments verify that our proposed algorithm can achieve high-quality reconstructionresults and obtain the 3D intensity distribution and evolution of extreme ultraviolet and soft x-ray emission from plasma.
文摘Introduction: Infection disease is a real publique health problem. The rise of resistance for modern antibiotic in infections treatment imposed us order alternatives. The study objective was to contribute in the knowledge of medicinal plants uses in urinary infections treatment in N’Djamena (Chad) in view for amelioration the traditional medicine in future. Methodology: The study was conducted in the city of N’Djamena in the Republic of Chad that interviewed 60 traditherapists on using 11 plants for urinary tract infections treatment. The methodology of this study consisted of the knowledge of medicinal plants that used by traditherapists, and the plants identification was done in the laboratory of IRED at Farcha. Results: A total of 60 traditherapists was interrogated on the plants used in the treatment of urinary tract infections among the population of N’Djamena. The majority of traditherapists interrogated in this study were male with the rate of 61.67% against female with the rate of 38.33%. The age range of traditherapists was between 20 to 80 years, 25 (41.67%) from the age range between 30 - 50 years and 35 (58.33%) in age range from 50 to 70 years. For the origin of their knowledge, the study showed that 72% of traditherapists inherited the knowledge from their family, while 15% inherited from the family and from training. The ethnic groups of the traditherapists were Sara (16%), Maraba (12%) and Massa (11%). According to the results, 18.33% were illiterates, 49% attended primary school and 33.34% the secondary school. Our study found that 11 species of plants belonging to 11 families were used in the treatment of urinary tract infection and the Ziziphus spina-christi was the most represented. According to traditherapists the Ziziphus spina-christi, Cassia obovata and Euphorbia hirta were the most frequent plants used in the urinary tract infections treatment. The parts of plants used in the treatment were leaves and bark, grained leaves and entire plants with the proportion of 50%, 16.67 and 15% respectively. Conclusion: This study revealed that the medicinal plants are variously used in the treatment of infection urinary tract in the city of N’Djamena.
文摘Objective: To explore the practice and application of infection prevention and control strategies in risk departments during the COVID-19 epidemic, and to formulate the infection prevention and control measures to provide advice and guidance in risk departments. Methods: According to the latest plan of diagnosis and treatment, prevention and control issued by the National Health Commission, expert advice and consensus, combined with the actual situation in our hospital, a series of infection prevention and control measures of COVID-19 in risk department was formulated. Results: During the epidemic period, the prevention and control measures of nine risk departments including emergency operation, anesthesiology, endoscopy center, blood purification center, otolaryngology, stomatology, medical imaging department, medical cosmetology department and pulmonary function room were established from six aspects, including pre-examination and screening, medical technology control, personnel management, personal protection, environmental disinfection, medical waste disposal, etc. Conclusion: During the epidemic period, the infection prevention and control strategy of risk departments is one of the key links to control the spread of the epidemic, and risk departments must pay attention to and strictly implement various infection prevention and control measures.
基金funded by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81570666)International Society of Nephrology Clinical Research Program(Grant No.18-01-0247)+3 种基金Program of Jiangsu Clinical Research Center(Grant No.BL2014084)Jiangsu Province Key Medical Personnel Project(Grant No.ZDRCA2016002)CKD Anemia Research Foundation from China International Medical Foundation(Grant No.Z-2017-24-2037)Outstanding Young and Middle-aged Talents Support Program of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University(Jiangsu Province Hospital).
文摘Nocardiosis manifests as an opportunistic infection,primarily affecting individuals who are immunocompromised and susceptible to the infection.We present a case study of one patient with nephrotic syndrome and membranous nephropathy,who underwent treatment with prednisone and cyclosporine in 2016.In early 2017,the patient was diagnosed with a"fungal infection"and discontinued the use of cyclosporine.After one month of anti-infection therapy,a cranial magnetic resonance imaging scan showed multiple abscesses in the right temporal region.The diagnosis of nocardiosis was confirmed based on the presence of metastatic abscess masses,multiple lung and brain lesions,and a positive culture of Nocardia in the drainage.We changed the anti-infection therapy to a combination of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole(TMP-SMX),minocycline,and voriconazole.However,the patient experienced a sudden cardiac arrest and subsequently recovered after cardiopulmonary resuscitation.During the five-month follow-up period following the discharge,the patient displayed an enhanced nutritional status and stable renal function.The focal infection ultimately resolved during the subsequent three years.Neuro-infection caused by Nocardia should be considered in immunocompromised patients,and TMP-SMX is the preferred initial therapy;however,because of the high mortality rate,a long-term combination therapy with imipenem,cefotaxime,amikacin,and TMP-SMX is suggested.
基金Project supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2022YFC3320800 and 2021YFC1523500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.71971126,71673163,72304165,72204136,and 72104123).
文摘An accurate assessment of the evacuation efficiency in case of disasters is of vital importance to the safety design of buildings and street blocks.Hazard sources not only physically but psychologically affect the pedestrians,which may further alter their behavioral patterns.This effect is especially significant in narrow spaces,such as corridors and alleys.This study aims to integrate a non-spreading hazard source into the social force model following the results from a previous experiment and simulation,and to simulate unidirectional pedestrian flows over various crowd densities and clarity–intensity properties of the hazard source.The integration include a virtual repulsion force from the hazard source and a decay on the social force term.The simulations reveal(i)that the hazard source creates virtual bottlenecks that suppress the flow,(ii)that the inter-pedestrian push forms a stabilisation phase on the flow-density curve within medium-to-high densities,and(iii)that the pedestrians are prone to a less orderly and stable pattern of movement in low clarity–intensity scenarios,possibly with lateral collisions passing the hazard source.
文摘Condensed and hydrolysable tannins are non-toxic natural polyphenols that are a commercial commodity industrialized for tanning hides to obtain leather and for a growing number of other industrial applications mainly to substitute petroleum-based products.They are a definite class of sustainable materials of the forestry industry.They have been in operation for hundreds of years to manufacture leather and now for a growing number of applications in a variety of other industries,such as wood adhesives,metal coating,pharmaceutical/medical applications and several others.This review presents the main sources,either already or potentially commercial of this forestry by-materials,their industrial and laboratory extraction systems,their systems of analysis with their advantages and drawbacks,be these methods so simple to even appear primitive but nonetheless of proven effectiveness,or very modern and instrumental.It constitutes a basic but essential summary of what is necessary to know of these sustainable materials.In doing so,the review highlights some of the main challenges that remain to be addressed to deliver the quality and economics of tannin supply necessary to fulfill the industrial production requirements for some materials-based uses.
基金Supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China,No.LQ20H260002.
文摘BACKGROUND Prophylactic loop ileostomy is an effective way to reduce the clinical severity of anastomotic leakage following radical resection of rectal cancer.Incisional surgical site infection(SSI)is a common complication after ileostomy closure.AIM To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the micro-power negative pressure wound technique(MPNPWT)in preventing incisional SSI.METHODS This was a prospective,randomized controlled clinical trial conducted at a single center.A total of 101 consecutive patients who underwent ileostomy closure after rectal cancer surgery with a prophylactic ileostomy were enrolled from January 2019 to December 2021.Patients were randomly allocated into an MPNPWT group and a control group.The MPNPWT group underwent intermittent suturing of the surgical incision with 2-0 Prolene and was covered with a micro-power negative pressure dressing.The surgical outcomes were compared between the MPNPWT(n=50)and control(n=51)groups.Risk factors for incisional SSI were identified using logistic regression.RESULTS There were no differences in baseline characteristics between the MPNPWT(n=50)and control groups(n=51).The incisional SSI rate was significantly higher in the control group than in the MPNPWT group(15.7%vs 2.0%,P=0.031).However,MPNPWT did not affect other surgical outcomes,including intra-abdominal complications,operative time,and blood loss.Postoperative hospital stay length and hospitalization costs did not differ significantly between the two groups(P=0.069 and 0.843,respectively).None of the patients experienced adverse effects of MPNPWT,including skin allergy,dermatitis,and pain.MPNPWT also helped heal the infected incision.Our study indicated that MPNPWT was an independent protective factor[odds ratio(OR)=0.005,P=0.025)]and diabetes was a risk factor(OR=26.575,P=0.029)for incisional SSI.CONCLUSION MPNPWT is an effective and safe way to prevent incisional SSI after loop ileostomy closure.
文摘Introduction: Infections are significant causes of mortality in sickle cell children in resource-limited countries. This study aimed to determine the clinical profile and bacterial ecology of infections in children with sickle-cell disease in two referral hospitals in Niamey. Patients and methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted from January 2018 to July 2020 in two referral hospitals in Niamey. All children aged one (1) to 15 years with sickle cell disease admitted for suspected infection, including at least one bacterial culture, were studied. Bacteriological analysis was performed using the appropriate culture media, using BactAlert (Reference 4700003 BTA3D60 BioMérieux). Results: Over 36-months, 350 children with a mean age of 10.9 months were admitted. The sex ratio was 1.2. The SS electrophoretic profile was the most common (93.4%). Immunization status was up to date in 66% of patients. Fever was the common reason for consultation (55.1%). Infection was confirmed in 62 patients (17.7%). The primary diagnoses were bacterial gastroenteritis (24.2%) and urinary tract infection (19.4%). Blood cultures were isolated from Salmonella typhi (13.0%) and Escherichia coli (8.7%). Klebsiella spp (7.1%) and Escherichia coli (5.0%) were detected in cytobacteriological examination of urine. Salmonella typhi (23.5%) and Escherichia coli (5.9%) were isolated on coproculture. Conclusion: Bacterial ecology appears not different from that usually observed in sickle-cell children. Salmonella and Escherichia coli were predominant.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82072148)Zhejiang Provincial Basic Public Welfare Research Program of Zhejiang Province(LGF21H150002)+1 种基金Zhejiang Medicine and Health Science and Technology Project(2022RC245&2023KY255)Ningbo Municipal Natural Science Foundation(2023J134).
文摘BACKGROUND:Streptococcus pneumoniae(S.pneumoniae)is a common pathogen that causes bacterial pneumonia.However,with increasing bacterial resistance,there is an urgent need to develop new drugs to treat S.pneumoniae infections.Nanodefensin with a 14-carbon saturated fatty acid(ND-C14)is a novel nanoantimicrobial peptide designed by modifying myristic acid at the C-terminus of humanα-defensin 5(HD5)via an amide bond.However,it is unclear whether ND-C14 is effective against lung infections caused by S.pneumoniae.METHODS:In vitro,three groups were established,including the control group,and the HD5 and ND-C14 treatment groups.A virtual colony-count assay was used to evaluate the antibacterial activity of HD5 and ND-C14 against S.pneumoniae.The morphological changes of S.pneumoniae treated with HD5 or ND-C14 were observed by scanning electron microscopy.In vivo,mice were divided into sham,vehicle,and ND-C14 treatment groups.Mice in the sham group were treated with 25μL of phosphate-buffered saline(PBS).Mice in the vehicle and ND-C14 treatment groups were treated with intratracheal instillation of 25μL of bacterial suspension with 2×108 CFU/mL(total bacterial count:5×10^(6) CFU),and then the mice were given 25μL PBS or intratracheally injected with 25μL of ND-C14(including 20μg or 50μg),respectively.Survival rates were evaluated in the vehicle and ND-C14 treatment groups.Bacterial burden in the blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were counted.The lung histology of the mice was assessed.A propidium iodide uptake assay was used to clarify the destructive eff ect of ND-C14 against S.pneumoniae.RESULTS:Compared with HD5,ND-C14 had a better bactericidal eff ect against S.pneumoniae because of its stronger ability to destroy the membrane structure of S.pneumoniae in vitro.In vivo,ND-C14 significantly delayed the death time and improved the survival rate of mice infected with S.pneumoniae.ND-C14 reduced bacterial burden and lung tissue injury.Moreover,ND-C14 had a membrane permeation eff ect on S.pneumoniae,and its destructive ability increased with increasing ND-C14 concentration.CONCLUSION:The ND-C14 may improve bactericidal eff ects on S.pneumoniae both in vitro and in vivo.
文摘Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate how individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus’ pancreatic β-cell function index and insulin resistance index are affected by tuberculosis infection. Methods: The study group consisted of 89 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and tuberculosis infection who were admitted to Jingzhou Chest Hospital between March 2019 and March 2021. Gender and duration of diabetes were matching conditions. The control group was made up of 89 patients with type 2 diabetes who were admitted to Jingzhou Central Hospital’s endocrinology department during the same period. The two patient groups provided general information such as gender, age, length of diabetes, and blood biochemical indexes such as glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting glucose (FPG), and fasting C-peptide (FC-P). The HOMA calculator was used to calculate the HOMA-β and the HOMA-IR, and intergroup comparisons and correlation analyses were carried out. Results: Regarding gender, age, disease duration, FC-P, and HbA1c, the differences between the two groups were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). However, BMI, FPG, HOMA-β, and HOMA-IR showed statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). In comparison to the control group, the study group’s HOMA-β was lower and its HOMA-IR was greater. According to Spearman’s correlation analysis, HOMA-β had a negative association (P th FPG, HbA1c, and the length of the disease, and a positive correlation with BMI and FC-P. A positive correlation was found between HOMA-IR and BMI, FPG, and FC-P (P < 0.01), as well as a correlation with the length of the disease (P > 0.05) and HbA1c. Conclusions: In type 2 diabetes mellitus combined with tuberculosis infection, the patients had higher FPG levels and lower FC-P levels, the secretory function of pancreatic β-cells was more severely impaired, and insulin resistance was more obvious.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82073617)Joint Research Fund for Beijing Natural Science Foundation and Haidian Original Innovation(No.L202007)+1 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities and Peking University Health Science Center(No.BMU2021YJ041)Peking University Medicine Fund of Fostering Young Scholars'Scientific&Technological Innovation(No.BMU2021PY005).
文摘Objective Human adenovirus(HAdV)infection is common and can develop to serious conditions with high mortality,yet the mechanism of HAdV infection remains unclear.In the present study,the serum metabolite profiles of HAdV-7-infected patients with pneumonia or upper respiratory tract infection(URTI)were explored.Methods In total,35 patients were enrolled in the study following an outbreak of HAdV-7 in the army,of whom 14 had pneumonia and 21 had URTI.Blood samples were collected at the acute stage and at the recovery stage and were analyzed by untargeted metabolomics.Results Over 90% of the differential metabolites identified between the pneumonia patients and URTI patients were lipids and lipid-like molecules,including glycerophospholipids,fatty acyls,and sphingolipids.The metabolic pathways that were significantly enriched were primarily the lipid metabolism pathways,including sphingolipid metabolism,glycerophospholipid metabolism,and linoleic acid metabolism.The sphingolipid metabolism was identified as a significantly differential pathway between the pneumonia patients and URTI patients and between the acute and recovery stages for the pneumonia patients,but not between the acute and recovery stages for the URTI patients.Ceramide and lactosylceramide,involved in sphingolipid metabolism,were significantly higher in the pneumonia patients than in the URTI patients with good discrimination abilities[area under curve(AUC)0.742 and 0.716,respectively;combination AUC 0.801].Conclusion Our results suggested that HAdV modulated lipid metabolism for both the patients with URTI and pneumonia,especially the sphingolipid metabolism involving ceramide and lactosylceramide,which might thus be a potential intervention target in the treatment of HAdV infection.
文摘Objective: To evaluate the role of prevention and control strategies for nosocomial infection in a tertiary teaching hospital during the sudden outbreak of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: The hospital initiated an emergency plan involving multi-departmental defense and control. It adopted a series of nosocomial infection prevention and control measures, including strengthening pre-examination and triage, optimizing the consultation process, improving the hospital’s architectural composition, implementing graded risk management, enhancing personal protection, and implementing staff training and supervision. Descriptive research was used to evaluate the short-term effects of these in-hospital prevention and control strategies. The analysis compared changes in related evaluation indicators between January 24, 2020 and February 12, 2020 (Chinese Lunar New Year’s Eve 2020 to lunar January 19) and the corresponding lunar period of the previous year. Results: Compared to the same period last year, the outpatient fever rate increased by 1.85-fold (P P Conclusion: The nosocomial infection prevention and control strategies implemented during this specific period improved the detection and control abilities for the COVID-19 source of infection and enhanced the compliance with measures. This likely contributed significantly to avoiding the occurrence of nosocomial infection.
文摘AIM:To investigate the types of bacteria in patients with eye infections in Suzhou and their drug resistance to commonly used antibacterial drugs.METHODS:The clinical data of 155 patients were retrospectively collected in this study,and the pathogenic bacteria species and drug resistance of each pathogenic bacteria were analyzed.RESULTS:Among the 155 patients(age from 12 to 87 years old,with an average age of 57,99 males and 56 females)with eye infections(160 eyes:74 in the left eye,76 in the right eye and 5 in both eyes,all of which were exogenous),71(45.81%)strains were gram-positive bacteria,23(14.84%)strains were gram-negative bacteria and 61(39.35%)strains were fungi.Gram-positive bacteria were highly resistant to penicillin and erythromycin(78.87%and 46.48%respectively),but least resistant to vancomycin at 0.Gram-negative bacteria were highly resistant to cefoxitin and compound sulfamethoxazole(100%and 95.65%respectively),but least resistant to meropenem at 0.Comparison of the resistance of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria to some drugs revealed statistically significant differences(P<0.05)in the resistance of both to cefoxitin,cotrimoxazole,levofloxacin,cefuroxime,ceftriaxone and ceftazidime,and both had higher rates of resistance to gram-negative bacteria than to gram-positive bacteria.The distribution of bacterial infection strains showed that Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most common strain in the conjunctiva,cornea,aqueous humor or vitreous body and other eye parts.Besides,Fusarium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were also among the most common strains of conjunctival and corneal infections.CONCLUSION:Gram-positive bacteria are the dominant bacteria in eye infections,followed by gram-negative bacteria and fungi.Considering the resistance of gramnegative bacteria to multiple drugs,monitoring of bacteria should be strengthened in eye bacterial infections for effective prevention and control to reduce complications caused by eye infections.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42174047 and No.42174036)the National Science Foundation Project for Outstanding Youth(No.42104034).
文摘This paper realizes the full-domain collaborative deployment of multiple interference sources of the global satellite navigation system(GNSS)and evaluates the deployment effect to enhance the ability to disturb the attacker and the capability to defend the GNSS during navigation countermeasures.Key evaluation indicators for the jamming effect of GNSS suppressive and deceptive jamming sources are first created,their evaluation models are built,and their detection procedures are sorted out,as the basis for determining the deployment principles.The principles for collaboratively deploying multi-jamming sources are developed to obtain the deployment structures(including the required number,structures in demand,and corresponding positions)of three single interference sources required by collaboratively deploying.Accordingly,simulation and hardware-in-loop testing results are presented to determine a rational configuration of the collaborative deployment of multi-jamming sources in the set situation and further realize the full-domain deployment of an interference network from ground,air to space.Varied evaluation indices for the deployment effect are finally developed to evaluate the deployment effect of the proposed configuration and further verify its reliability and rationality.
