A well-known hazardous metal and top contaminant in wastewater is hexavalent chromium. The two forms of most commonly found chromium are chromate ( CrO 4 2− ) and dichromate ( Cr 2 O 7 2− ). Leather tanning, cooling t...A well-known hazardous metal and top contaminant in wastewater is hexavalent chromium. The two forms of most commonly found chromium are chromate ( CrO 4 2− ) and dichromate ( Cr 2 O 7 2− ). Leather tanning, cooling tower blow-down, plating, electroplating, rinse water sources, anodizing baths etc. are the main sources of Cr (VI) contamination. The Cr (VI) is not only non-biodegradable in the environment but also carcinogenic to living population. It is still difficult to treat Cr contaminated waste water effectively, safely, eco-friendly, and economically. As a result, many techniques have been used to treat Cr (VI)-polluted wastewater, including adsorption, chemical precipitation, coagulation, ion-exchange, and filtration. Among these practices, the most practical method is adsorption for the removal of Cr (VI) from aqueous solutions, which has gained widespread acceptance due to the ease of use and affordability of the equipment and adsorbent. It has been revealed that Fe-based adsorbents’ oxides and hydroxides have high adsorptive potential to lower Cr (VI) content below the advised threshold. Fe-based adsorbents were also discovered to be relatively cheap and toxic-free in Cr (VI) treatment. Fe-based adsorbents are commonly utilized in industry. It has been discovered that nanoparticles of Fe-, Ti-, and Cu-based adsorbents have a better capacity to remove Cr (VI). Cr (VI) was effectively removed from contaminated water using mixed element-based adsorbents (Fe-Mn, Fe-Ti, Fe-Cu, Fe-Zr, Fe-Cu-Y, Fe-Mg, etc.). Initial findings suggest that Cr (VI) removal from wastewater may be accomplished by using magnesium ferrite nanomaterials as an efficient adsorbent.展开更多
Introduction: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is one of the leading causes of mortality among women of reproductive age and Mother to Child Transmission of Human immunodeficiency virus is still a challenge affectin...Introduction: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is one of the leading causes of mortality among women of reproductive age and Mother to Child Transmission of Human immunodeficiency virus is still a challenge affecting many countries. Globally, an estimation of 180,000 children under 15 years acquire the Human immunodeficiency virus every day, and more than 90% of those infections are due to Mother to Child Transmission. The study sought to explore the experiences of mothers on the Elimination of Mother to Child Transmission-HIV services at Mtendere Clinic, Lusaka. Materials and Methods: Qualitative interpretive phenomenology study design was employed using in-depth interviews to collect data from a sample that was selected using purposive sampling technique. Thirteen participants were recruited, and these were HIV-positive mothers at least between the ages of 15 and 49 years and enrolled in the Elimination of Mother To Child Transmission-HIV program. The in-depth interviews were audiotape recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data was analyzed using thematic method. Findings: Three main themes that emerged are;living with HIV, support system and barriers to utilization of Elimination of Mother To Child Transmission-HIV services. Most of the participants expressed having acquired knowledge from the program, and received counselling and support from spouses, family as well as health personnel at Mtendere health facility which culminated into a positive experience and enhanced their uptake of the Elimination of Mother to Child Transmission-HIV services. However, barriers to service utilization were identified and these included fear of stigma, negative attitudes from health workers, long waiting times, lack of support and lack of transport to the health facility. Conclusion: Interventions such as community awareness campaigns on Elimination of Mother To Child Transmission-HIV, male involvement and implementing mother-to-mother peer support strategies in Elimination of Mother To Child Transmission-HIV service utilization should be prioritized so as to alleviate stigma and enhancing a positive experience for these mothers thus reducing on the Mother to Child HIV Transmission burden and mortality rates.展开更多
During the development of the nervous system,there is an overproduction of neurons and synapses.Hebbian competition between neighboring nerve endings and synapses performing different activity levels leads to their el...During the development of the nervous system,there is an overproduction of neurons and synapses.Hebbian competition between neighboring nerve endings and synapses performing different activity levels leads to their elimination or strengthening.We have extensively studied the involvement of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor-Tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor neurotrophic retrograde pathway,at the neuromuscular junction,in the axonal development and synapse elimination process versus the synapse consolidation.The purpose of this review is to describe the neurotrophic influence on developmental synapse elimination,in relation to other molecular pathways that we and others have found to regulate this process.In particular,we summarize our published results based on transmitter release analysis and axonal counts to show the different involvement of the presynaptic acetylcholine muscarinic autoreceptors,coupled to downstream serine-threonine protein kinases A and C(PKA and PKC)and voltage-gated calcium channels,at different nerve endings in developmental competition.The dynamic changes that occur simultaneously in several nerve terminals and synapses converge across a postsynaptic site,influence each other,and require careful studies to individualize the mechanisms of specific endings.We describe an activity-dependent balance(related to the extent of transmitter release)between the presynaptic muscarinic subtypes and the neurotrophin-mediated TrkB/p75NTR pathways that can influence the timing and fate of the competitive interactions between the different axon terminals.The downstream displacement of the PKA/PKC activity ratio to lower values,both in competing nerve terminals and at postsynaptic sites,plays a relevant role in controlling the elimination of supernumerary synapses.Finally,calcium entry through L-and P/Q-subtypes of voltage-gated calcium channels(both channels are present,together with the N-type channel in developing nerve terminals)contributes to reduce transmitter release and promote withdrawal of the most unfavorable nerve terminals during elimination(the weakest in acetylcholine release and those that have already become silent).The main findings contribute to a better understanding of punishment-rewarding interactions between nerve endings during development.Identifying the molecular targets and signaling pathways that allow synapse consolidation or withdrawal of synapses in different situations is important for potential therapies in neurodegenerative diseases.展开更多
Lymphatic filariasis(LF),an asymptomatic,acute,and chronic condition in human beings,is the second most common vector-borne disease after malaria.According to the World Health Organization,there are 120 million LF cas...Lymphatic filariasis(LF),an asymptomatic,acute,and chronic condition in human beings,is the second most common vector-borne disease after malaria.According to the World Health Organization,there are 120 million LF cases detected in 81 tropical and subtropical countries,and one billion people are at risk.Therefore,the Global Program to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis was launched in 2000,with the primary objective of stopping LF transmission among all at-risk groups using mass drug administration(MDA),managing morbidities,and preventing LF-related impairments using a minimum treatment package.Additionally,other programs such as epidemiological assessment including National Filaria Control Program and World Health Organization recommended routine and pre-MDA microfilaremia surveys also implemented to stop the LF transmission.The routine filaria surveys were also carried out in around 2000-4000 individuals/month throughout the year whereas pre-MDA surveys were also conducted every year in approximately 4000 individuals in four fixed and four random sites.Furthermore,the Transmission Assessment Survey was also conducted to check the risk of LF among primary school children.Moreover,potential diagnostic methods,systematic surveillance regimes,the Direct Network Report system,and regular trainings and awareness may be also effective in preventing the recurrence of LF.Hence,this review emphasizes the potential advocacy tools and various strategies as well as procedures for monitoring,which could be impactful in eliminating LF.展开更多
India's healthcare system continues to place the highest priority on the fight against malaria[1].Malaria elimination program has received considerable attention from both the public and private sectors,resulting ...India's healthcare system continues to place the highest priority on the fight against malaria[1].Malaria elimination program has received considerable attention from both the public and private sectors,resulting in a significant drop in malaria cases[2].In 2022,a total of 176000 million cases of malaria were reported in India,in which Plasmodium(P.)falciparum has contributed 57.0%and 42.3%were P.vivax cases and limited cases of P.malariae and P.ovale.展开更多
The steady decline in malaria cases and deaths in recent years is a step ahead toward elimination;however,an increasing number of reports of antimalarial and insecticide resistance highlight the importance of having n...The steady decline in malaria cases and deaths in recent years is a step ahead toward elimination;however,an increasing number of reports of antimalarial and insecticide resistance highlight the importance of having newer approaches to achieve the goal in the stipulated time frame.Therefore,having an effective and durable malaria vaccine is extremely crucial,which can complement the tools currently in use.Although the malaria vaccine development efforts initiated in the 1910’s with the first attempts to develop a malaria vaccine involved inoculating humans with live,attenuated strains of the malaria parasite but the efforts have been intensified over the previous decade,resulting in several significant developments.展开更多
Coal and gas outburst is a complex dynamic disaster during coal underground mining.Revealing the disaster mechanism is of great signifcance for accurate prediction and prevention of coal and gas outburst.The geo-dynam...Coal and gas outburst is a complex dynamic disaster during coal underground mining.Revealing the disaster mechanism is of great signifcance for accurate prediction and prevention of coal and gas outburst.The geo-dynamic system of coal and gas outburst is proposed.The framework of geo-dynamic system is composed of gassy coal mass,geological dynamic environment and mining disturbance.Equations of stress–damage–seepage interaction for gassy coal mass is constructed to resolve the outburst elimination process by gas extraction with boreholes through layer in foor roadway.The results show the occurrence of outburst is divided into the evolution process of gestation,formation,development and termination of geo-dynamic system.The scale range of outburst occurrence is determined,which provides a spatial basis for the prevention and control of outburst.The formation criterion and instability criterion of coal and gas outburst are established.The formation criterion F1 is defned as the scale of the geo-dynamic system,and the instability criterion F2 is defned as the scale of the outburst geo-body.According to the geo-dynamic system,the elimination mechanism of coal and gas outburst—‘unloading+depressurization’is established,and the gas extraction by boreholes through layer in foor roadway for outburst elimination is given.For the research case,when the gas extraction is 120 days,the gas pressure of the coal seam is reduced to below 0.4 MPa,and the outburst danger is eliminated efectively.展开更多
Graphene-based thermally conductive composites have been proposed as effective thermal management materials for cooling high-power electronic devices.However,when flexible graphene nanosheets are assembled into macros...Graphene-based thermally conductive composites have been proposed as effective thermal management materials for cooling high-power electronic devices.However,when flexible graphene nanosheets are assembled into macroscopic thermally conductive composites,capillary forces induce shrinkage of graphene nanosheets to form wrinkles during solution-based spontaneous drying,which greatly reduces the thermal conductivity of the composites.Herein,graphene nanosheets/aramid nanofiber(GNS/ANF)composite films with high thermal conductivity were prepared by in-plane stretching of GNS/ANF composite hydrogel networks with hydrogen bonds andπ-πinteractions.The in-plane mechanical stretching eliminates graphene nanosheets wrinkles by suppressing inward shrinkage due to capillary forces during drying and achieves a high in-plane orientation of graphene nanosheets,thereby creating a fast in-plane heat transfer channel.The composite films(GNS/ANF-60 wt%)with eliminated graphene nanosheets wrinkles showed a significant increase in thermal conductivity(146 W m^(−1)K^(−1))and tensile strength(207 MPa).The combination of these excellent properties enables the GNS/ANF composite films to be effectively used for cooling flexible LED chips and smartphones,showing promising applications in the thermal management of high-power electronic devices.展开更多
Introduction: For several years, the fight against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been a major public health issue in Africa. Since 2012, Senegal has adopted WHO option B+, consisting of systematic triple ...Introduction: For several years, the fight against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been a major public health issue in Africa. Since 2012, Senegal has adopted WHO option B+, consisting of systematic triple therapy for HIV-positive pregnant women, combined with breastfeeding and antiretroviral (ARV) prophylaxis for exposed newborns. It is in this dynamic that we set ourselves the objectives of evaluating the rate of transmission of HIV from mother to child and taking stock of the monitoring of children born to HIV-positive mothers at the Pediatric Department of the CHN of Pikine located in the Dakar suburbs. Methodology: Thus, we conducted a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional cohort follow-up study from 11/25/2014 to 03/09/2022 including all children born to HIV-positive mothers followed at the Pikine CHN since the start of care. Results: We had collected 51 children exposed to HIV and followed in our structure. They were exposed to HIV1 in 92% of cases. The HIV status of the mothers was known before pregnancy in more than half of the cases. The couples were serodiscordant in 56% of cases. The mothers were in clinical stage 1 of the disease in 69.6% of cases and were already under treatment in 47% of cases. The most used treatment regimen was ATRIPLA with Tenofovir (TDF) + Emtracitabine (FTC) + Efavirenz (EFV) in 59% of cases. Compliance was good in the majority of cases. The CD4 count during pregnancy was low in 10.6% of cases. The pregnancy was well followed in only 36.2% of cases. The mothers had given birth in our structure in 91.4% of cases. The vaginal route was found in 72.5% of cases and delivery was carried out by a midwife in 69.4% of cases. The average birth weight was 2733 ± 564. The majority of newborns had received antiretroviral (ARV) prophylaxis after birth, half of them between 12 and 24 hours. The most used therapeutic protocol was Zidovudine (AZT) + Lamivudine (3TC) + Lopinavir/Ritonavir (LPV/r). Protected breastfeeding was the option chosen in 76.8% of cases. The PCR performed at 6 weeks was negative in more than half of the cases. Retroviral serology was carried out after 14 months in 43% of cases. We noted a single positive case with a negative initial PCR, representing an overall transmission rate of 1.96%. Conclusion: Senegal’s current policy targeting EMTCT of HIV is on good momentum with a fairly low transmission rate thanks to screening of pregnant women and prophylaxis with antiretrovirals (ARV) for HIV-positive mothers during pregnancy and for life. And children exposed from birth and during breastfeeding up to 6 weeks with regular monitoring.展开更多
Chlorfenapyr is a liposoluble insecticide belonging to the pyrrole family.Chlorfenapyr is activated when the N-ethoxymethyl side chain breaks,forming a toxic metabolite,which uncouples oxidative phosphorylation in the...Chlorfenapyr is a liposoluble insecticide belonging to the pyrrole family.Chlorfenapyr is activated when the N-ethoxymethyl side chain breaks,forming a toxic metabolite,which uncouples oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria,inhibits the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP),and leads to the death of cells and targe organisms.[1] Symptoms of chlorfenapyr poisoning in patients are mild and atypical in the early stage,especially in patients receiving low dose exposure;however,such cases are rare and may be ignored by physicians,often leading to delayed treatment.[2,3].展开更多
Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)featuring a Ni-rich cathode exhibit increased specific capacity,but the establishment of a stable interphase through the implementation of a functional electrolyte strategy remains challengi...Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)featuring a Ni-rich cathode exhibit increased specific capacity,but the establishment of a stable interphase through the implementation of a functional electrolyte strategy remains challenging.Especially when the battery is operated under high temperature,the trace water present in the electrolyte will accelerate the hydrolysis of the electrolyte and the resulting HF will further erode the interphase.In order to enhance the long-term cycling performance of graphite/LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)(NCM811)LIBs,herein,Tolylene-2,4-diisocyanate(TDI)additive containing lone-pair electrons is employed to formulate a novel bifunctional electrolyte aimed at eliminating H_(2)O/HF generated at elevated temperature.After 1000 cycles at 25℃,the battery incorporating the TDI-containing electrolyte exhibits an impressive capacity retention of 94%at 1 C.In contrast,the battery utilizing the blank electrolyte has a lower capacity retention of only 78%.Furthermore,after undergoing 550 cycles at 1 C under45℃,the inclusion of TDI results in a notable enhancement of capacity,increasing it from 68%to 80%.This indicates TDI has a favorable influence on the cycling performance of LIBs,especially at elevated temperatures.The analysis of the film formation mechanism suggests that the lone pair of electrons of the isocyanate group in TDI play a crucial role in inhibiting the generation of H_(2)O and HF,which leads to the formation of a thin and dense interphase.The existence of this interphase is thought to substantially enhance the cycling performance of the LIBs.This work not only improves the performance of graphite/NCM811 batteries at room temperature and high temperature by eliminating H_(2)O/HF but also presents a novel strategy for advancing functional electrolyte development.展开更多
Objective:To describe the situation of measles in Sri Lanka from May to November,2023 and to define the role of virology laboratory towards case confirmation and epidemiological and genetic characterization of the out...Objective:To describe the situation of measles in Sri Lanka from May to November,2023 and to define the role of virology laboratory towards case confirmation and epidemiological and genetic characterization of the outbreak.Methods:This retrospective study analyzed all samples tested for measles from 1st of May to 30th of November,2023 at National Measles Rubella Laboratory,Sri Lanka.According to the World Health Organization(WHO)algorithm,serum and oropharyngeal/nasopharyngeal swabs were tested with WHO recommended kits for anti-measles IgM and measles virus specific RNA,respectively.Selected RNA positive samples were sequenced at reference laboratory,India.Analysis of sequencing data and construction of phylogenetic tree were carried out at National Measles Rubella Laboratory.Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics.Results:Of the total 1132 serum samples and 497 oropharyngeal/nasopharyngeal swabs from 1326 patients,657(49.5%)patients were confirmed as measles by anti-measles IgM,measles virus specific RNA or both.Males(55.6%,n=365)and the age group from>20 to≤30 years(33.0%,n=217)predominated positive patients.All provinces reported measles positive cases.All samples sequenced(100%,n=42)were genotype D8 with 95.2%(n=40)bearing Victoria.Australia origin.Conclusions:We described resurgence of measles in an eliminated country,confirming the genotype to be D8,one of the two genotypes currently circulating globally.Further,the study strongly convinced the importance of a strengthened virological surveillance system in an eliminated country,despite its eliminated status.展开更多
A series of CeO2‐MnOx‐Al2O3 mixed oxide catalysts （Ce：Mn：Al mole ratio=6：4：x, x=0.25, 0.5, 1, 2） were prepared by a simple one‐step inverse co‐precipitation method to investigate the influence of the incorpo...A series of CeO2‐MnOx‐Al2O3 mixed oxide catalysts （Ce：Mn：Al mole ratio=6：4：x, x=0.25, 0.5, 1, 2） were prepared by a simple one‐step inverse co‐precipitation method to investigate the influence of the incorporation of Al3＋ into CeO2‐MnOx mixed oxides. CeO2‐MnOx, CeO2‐Al2O3, and MnOx‐Al2O3 mixed oxides, and CeO2 were prepared by the same method for comparison. The samples were characterized by XRD, Raman, N2 physisorption, H2‐TPR, XPS, and in situ DRIFTS. The catalytic re‐duction of NO by CO was chosen as a model reaction to evaluate the catalytic performance. The incorporation of a small amount of Al3＋into CeO2‐MnOx mixed oxides resulted in a decrease of crys‐tallite size, with the increase of the BET specific surface area and pore volume, as well as the in‐crease of Ce3＋and Mn4＋. The former benefits good contact between catalyst and reactants, and the latter promotes the adsorption of CO and the desorption, conversion and dissociation of adsorbed NO. All these enhanced the catalytic performance for the NO＋CO model reaction. A reaction mecha‐nism was proposed to explain the excellent catalytic performance of CeO2‐MnOx‐Al2O3 catalysts for NO reduction by CO.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to study on in-situ elimination effect on heavy metals in soil of the mining area by ramie （Boehmeria nivea （L.） Gaud.）. [Methods] Based on Xiangzhu No.3 and Zhongzhu No.1, we conducted res...[Objective] The aim was to study on in-situ elimination effect on heavy metals in soil of the mining area by ramie （Boehmeria nivea （L.） Gaud.）. [Methods] Based on Xiangzhu No.3 and Zhongzhu No.1, we conducted research on heavy metals contents of plants growing in soil of Qibao Mountain orefield in Liuyang, Hunan Province, and on characteristics of enrichment and transfer of heavy metals （Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn） under influence of the two ramie species. [Result] It was concluded that trend of Cu content in different parts of ramie was as follows： rootskinleafbone; trend of Pb was rootleafskinbone; trend of Cd was rootskinboneleaf; the trend of Zn was rootskinboneleaf. In farmland A （with low content of heavy metal）, for per square meter of plough horizon, effect of Zhong 1 on heavy metals transferring volume and the period for restoration of the soil into national standard one （Category Ⅲ of Environmental Quality Standard for Soil） have been concluded. Specifically, for Cu, the corresponding values were 3 404.44 mg and 8.59 y, respectively; for Pb, the values were 3 638.5 mg and 13.52 y; for Cd, the values were 720.48 mg and 1.49 y; for Zn, the values were 37 324.8 mg and 0.67 y. [Conclusion] Soil contaminated by Cu, Pb, Cd, and Zn in orefield can be rapidly restored by growing ramie.展开更多
Interference in the data of geochemical hydrocarbon exploration is a large obstacle for anomaly recognition. The multiresolution analysis of wavelet analysis can extract the information at different scales so as to pr...Interference in the data of geochemical hydrocarbon exploration is a large obstacle for anomaly recognition. The multiresolution analysis of wavelet analysis can extract the information at different scales so as to provide a powerful tool for information analysis and processing. Based on the analysis of the geometric nature of hydrocarbon anomalies and background, Mallat wavelet and symmetric border treatment are selected and data pre-processing (logarithm-normalization) is established. This approach provide good results in Shandong and Inner Mongolia, China. It is demonstrated that this approach overcome the disadvantage of backgound variation in the window (interference in window), used in moving average, frame filtering and spatial and scaling modeling methods.展开更多
We evaluated the role of pre-culture on survival rate of in vitro apple plants treated by thermotherapy. Two apple cultivars, Malusxdomestica cv. Pink Lady and Huafu, were used in the experiment and both have widely g...We evaluated the role of pre-culture on survival rate of in vitro apple plants treated by thermotherapy. Two apple cultivars, Malusxdomestica cv. Pink Lady and Huafu, were used in the experiment and both have widely grown in China and infected with Apple chlorotic leafspot virus （ACLSV） and Apple stem grooving virus （ASGV）. Results in growth and virus titer of apple plants did not exhibit clear trends during five different periods of pre-culture. Whilst, pre-culture increased the survival rate of the two cultivars during thermotherapy. The survival rate of plants pre-cultured for 13 d （P-13d） was 14 and 51% higher than that of P-ld plants for Pink Lady and Huafu, respectively. Moreover, pre-culture positively influenced regeneration of Huafu plants. The average survival rate of plants regenerated from P-ld and P-4d was 20% lower than that regenerated from P-7d, P-10d, and P-13d. The efficiency of virus eradication was determined by reverse-transcription PCR with two primer pairs for each virus, and the detection results showed that pre-culture scarcely affected apple virus elimination. Despite the fact that the two viruses were hardly detected at 5 d of thermotherapy, no virus-free plants were found in the two cultivars of regenerated apple plantlets after 30-d treatment.展开更多
Using fogdrops of OH^· radicals to eliminate microbial contamination is an effective way to solve the current domestic and international problem. The results show that the threshold of OH solution used in the exp...Using fogdrops of OH^· radicals to eliminate microbial contamination is an effective way to solve the current domestic and international problem. The results show that the threshold of OH solution used in the experiment is 0.6 mg/L, the lethal time is 1 s, and the spray density of OH solution is 21 μL/m^2. The experimental results show that the OH radical possesses the following advantages： celerity, low lethal concentration and spray density, short lethal time, and absence of secondary pollution.展开更多
A new method to eliminate the oil whip online is put forward by use ofpassive electromagnetic damper. The damper works contactless and with DC current. Neither sensor norclosed loop control is needed. The dynamic equa...A new method to eliminate the oil whip online is put forward by use ofpassive electromagnetic damper. The damper works contactless and with DC current. Neither sensor norclosed loop control is needed. The dynamic equations of rotor-bearing system are built up bycombining d'Alemdert principle with Rize way, and the nonlinear oil film forces based on unsteadyshort bearing model are coupled to system. Such nonlinear equations are numerically solved byNewmark integration method. The calculated results show that the bifurcation behavior of the systemcan be. changed and the oil whip of the rotor may be well damped by external damping. Thebifurcation diagrams also show that the subharmonic vibration amplitude decreases in motion and thespeed at which the system losses its stability increases obviously by exerting external damping.Then experiments are carried out to demonstrate this phenomenon. It is observed that the complextrajectories of the journal motion are disappeared and the rotor-bearing system became stable whenthe power of passive electromagnetic damper is turned on. The experiments have good repeatability.展开更多
An autostereoscopic display composed of a directional backlight, an image display panel, a striped half-wave plate,and a polarized lenticular lens array is proposed. The directional backlight emitting the parallel lig...An autostereoscopic display composed of a directional backlight, an image display panel, a striped half-wave plate,and a polarized lenticular lens array is proposed. The directional backlight emitting the parallel light can redirect the cones of light to lenticular lens array and reduce the chromatic spatial-interference effect. The striped half-wave plate, located in front of the image display panel, transformed the polarization direction of the lights from the directional backlight into two mutually perpendicular directions. The polarized lenticular lens array not only can divide the light from the left and right view images to send to left and right eyes but also can reduce the crosstalk of the stereoscopic images. The proposed autostereoscopic display can produce high quality stereoscopic images without crosstalk at the optimal viewing distance.展开更多
BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus(HCV) is a leading cause of worldwide liver-related morbidity and mortality. The World Health Organization released an integrated strategy targeting HCV-elimination by 2030. This study aims...BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus(HCV) is a leading cause of worldwide liver-related morbidity and mortality. The World Health Organization released an integrated strategy targeting HCV-elimination by 2030. This study aims to estimate the required interventions to achieve elimination using updated information for direct-acting antiviral(DAA) treatment coverage, to compute the total costs(including indirect/societal costs) of the strategy and to identify whether the elimination strategy is cost-effective/cost-saving in Greece.AIM To estimate the required interventions and subsequent costs to achieve HCV elimination in Greece.METHODS A previously validated mathematical model was adapted to the Greek HCVinfected population to compare the outcomes of DAA treatment without the additional implementation of awareness or screening campaigns versus an HCV elimination strategy, which includes a sufficient number of treated patients. We estimated the total costs(direct and indirect costs), the disability-adjusted life years and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio using two different price scenarios.RESULTS Without the implementation of awareness or screening campaigns,approximately 20000 patients would be diagnosed and treated with DAAs by2030. This strategy would result in a 19.6% increase in HCV-related mortality in2030 compared to 2015. To achieve the elimination goal, 90000 patients need to be treated by 2030. Under the elimination scenario, viremic cases would decrease by78.8% in 2030 compared to 2015. The cumulative direct costs to eliminate the disease would range from 2.1-2.3 billion euros(€) by 2030, while the indirect costs would be €1.1 billion. The total elimination cost in Greece would range from €3.2-3.4 billion by 2030. The cost per averted disability-adjusted life year is estimated between €10100 and €13380, indicating that the elimination strategy is very costeffective. Furthermore, HCV elimination strategy would save €560-895 million by2035.CONCLUSION Without large screening programs, elimination of HCV cannot be achieved. The HCV elimination strategy is feasible and cost-saving despite the uncertainty of the future cost of DAAs in Greece.展开更多
文摘A well-known hazardous metal and top contaminant in wastewater is hexavalent chromium. The two forms of most commonly found chromium are chromate ( CrO 4 2− ) and dichromate ( Cr 2 O 7 2− ). Leather tanning, cooling tower blow-down, plating, electroplating, rinse water sources, anodizing baths etc. are the main sources of Cr (VI) contamination. The Cr (VI) is not only non-biodegradable in the environment but also carcinogenic to living population. It is still difficult to treat Cr contaminated waste water effectively, safely, eco-friendly, and economically. As a result, many techniques have been used to treat Cr (VI)-polluted wastewater, including adsorption, chemical precipitation, coagulation, ion-exchange, and filtration. Among these practices, the most practical method is adsorption for the removal of Cr (VI) from aqueous solutions, which has gained widespread acceptance due to the ease of use and affordability of the equipment and adsorbent. It has been revealed that Fe-based adsorbents’ oxides and hydroxides have high adsorptive potential to lower Cr (VI) content below the advised threshold. Fe-based adsorbents were also discovered to be relatively cheap and toxic-free in Cr (VI) treatment. Fe-based adsorbents are commonly utilized in industry. It has been discovered that nanoparticles of Fe-, Ti-, and Cu-based adsorbents have a better capacity to remove Cr (VI). Cr (VI) was effectively removed from contaminated water using mixed element-based adsorbents (Fe-Mn, Fe-Ti, Fe-Cu, Fe-Zr, Fe-Cu-Y, Fe-Mg, etc.). Initial findings suggest that Cr (VI) removal from wastewater may be accomplished by using magnesium ferrite nanomaterials as an efficient adsorbent.
文摘Introduction: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is one of the leading causes of mortality among women of reproductive age and Mother to Child Transmission of Human immunodeficiency virus is still a challenge affecting many countries. Globally, an estimation of 180,000 children under 15 years acquire the Human immunodeficiency virus every day, and more than 90% of those infections are due to Mother to Child Transmission. The study sought to explore the experiences of mothers on the Elimination of Mother to Child Transmission-HIV services at Mtendere Clinic, Lusaka. Materials and Methods: Qualitative interpretive phenomenology study design was employed using in-depth interviews to collect data from a sample that was selected using purposive sampling technique. Thirteen participants were recruited, and these were HIV-positive mothers at least between the ages of 15 and 49 years and enrolled in the Elimination of Mother To Child Transmission-HIV program. The in-depth interviews were audiotape recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data was analyzed using thematic method. Findings: Three main themes that emerged are;living with HIV, support system and barriers to utilization of Elimination of Mother To Child Transmission-HIV services. Most of the participants expressed having acquired knowledge from the program, and received counselling and support from spouses, family as well as health personnel at Mtendere health facility which culminated into a positive experience and enhanced their uptake of the Elimination of Mother to Child Transmission-HIV services. However, barriers to service utilization were identified and these included fear of stigma, negative attitudes from health workers, long waiting times, lack of support and lack of transport to the health facility. Conclusion: Interventions such as community awareness campaigns on Elimination of Mother To Child Transmission-HIV, male involvement and implementing mother-to-mother peer support strategies in Elimination of Mother To Child Transmission-HIV service utilization should be prioritized so as to alleviate stigma and enhancing a positive experience for these mothers thus reducing on the Mother to Child HIV Transmission burden and mortality rates.
基金supported by Catalan Government,Nos.2014SGR344(to JT),2017SGR704(to JT),2021SGR01214(to MAL)MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/by“ERDF A way of making Europe,”Nos.SAF2015-67143(to JT),PID2019-106332GB-I00(to JT and MAL)and PID2022-141252NB-I00(to MAL).
文摘During the development of the nervous system,there is an overproduction of neurons and synapses.Hebbian competition between neighboring nerve endings and synapses performing different activity levels leads to their elimination or strengthening.We have extensively studied the involvement of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor-Tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor neurotrophic retrograde pathway,at the neuromuscular junction,in the axonal development and synapse elimination process versus the synapse consolidation.The purpose of this review is to describe the neurotrophic influence on developmental synapse elimination,in relation to other molecular pathways that we and others have found to regulate this process.In particular,we summarize our published results based on transmitter release analysis and axonal counts to show the different involvement of the presynaptic acetylcholine muscarinic autoreceptors,coupled to downstream serine-threonine protein kinases A and C(PKA and PKC)and voltage-gated calcium channels,at different nerve endings in developmental competition.The dynamic changes that occur simultaneously in several nerve terminals and synapses converge across a postsynaptic site,influence each other,and require careful studies to individualize the mechanisms of specific endings.We describe an activity-dependent balance(related to the extent of transmitter release)between the presynaptic muscarinic subtypes and the neurotrophin-mediated TrkB/p75NTR pathways that can influence the timing and fate of the competitive interactions between the different axon terminals.The downstream displacement of the PKA/PKC activity ratio to lower values,both in competing nerve terminals and at postsynaptic sites,plays a relevant role in controlling the elimination of supernumerary synapses.Finally,calcium entry through L-and P/Q-subtypes of voltage-gated calcium channels(both channels are present,together with the N-type channel in developing nerve terminals)contributes to reduce transmitter release and promote withdrawal of the most unfavorable nerve terminals during elimination(the weakest in acetylcholine release and those that have already become silent).The main findings contribute to a better understanding of punishment-rewarding interactions between nerve endings during development.Identifying the molecular targets and signaling pathways that allow synapse consolidation or withdrawal of synapses in different situations is important for potential therapies in neurodegenerative diseases.
文摘Lymphatic filariasis(LF),an asymptomatic,acute,and chronic condition in human beings,is the second most common vector-borne disease after malaria.According to the World Health Organization,there are 120 million LF cases detected in 81 tropical and subtropical countries,and one billion people are at risk.Therefore,the Global Program to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis was launched in 2000,with the primary objective of stopping LF transmission among all at-risk groups using mass drug administration(MDA),managing morbidities,and preventing LF-related impairments using a minimum treatment package.Additionally,other programs such as epidemiological assessment including National Filaria Control Program and World Health Organization recommended routine and pre-MDA microfilaremia surveys also implemented to stop the LF transmission.The routine filaria surveys were also carried out in around 2000-4000 individuals/month throughout the year whereas pre-MDA surveys were also conducted every year in approximately 4000 individuals in four fixed and four random sites.Furthermore,the Transmission Assessment Survey was also conducted to check the risk of LF among primary school children.Moreover,potential diagnostic methods,systematic surveillance regimes,the Direct Network Report system,and regular trainings and awareness may be also effective in preventing the recurrence of LF.Hence,this review emphasizes the potential advocacy tools and various strategies as well as procedures for monitoring,which could be impactful in eliminating LF.
文摘India's healthcare system continues to place the highest priority on the fight against malaria[1].Malaria elimination program has received considerable attention from both the public and private sectors,resulting in a significant drop in malaria cases[2].In 2022,a total of 176000 million cases of malaria were reported in India,in which Plasmodium(P.)falciparum has contributed 57.0%and 42.3%were P.vivax cases and limited cases of P.malariae and P.ovale.
文摘The steady decline in malaria cases and deaths in recent years is a step ahead toward elimination;however,an increasing number of reports of antimalarial and insecticide resistance highlight the importance of having newer approaches to achieve the goal in the stipulated time frame.Therefore,having an effective and durable malaria vaccine is extremely crucial,which can complement the tools currently in use.Although the malaria vaccine development efforts initiated in the 1910’s with the first attempts to develop a malaria vaccine involved inoculating humans with live,attenuated strains of the malaria parasite but the efforts have been intensified over the previous decade,resulting in several significant developments.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52004117,52174117 and 51674132)the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(2021T140290 and 2020M680975)the Discipline Innovation Team of Liaoning Technical University(LNTU20TD-03 and LNTU20TD-30).
文摘Coal and gas outburst is a complex dynamic disaster during coal underground mining.Revealing the disaster mechanism is of great signifcance for accurate prediction and prevention of coal and gas outburst.The geo-dynamic system of coal and gas outburst is proposed.The framework of geo-dynamic system is composed of gassy coal mass,geological dynamic environment and mining disturbance.Equations of stress–damage–seepage interaction for gassy coal mass is constructed to resolve the outburst elimination process by gas extraction with boreholes through layer in foor roadway.The results show the occurrence of outburst is divided into the evolution process of gestation,formation,development and termination of geo-dynamic system.The scale range of outburst occurrence is determined,which provides a spatial basis for the prevention and control of outburst.The formation criterion and instability criterion of coal and gas outburst are established.The formation criterion F1 is defned as the scale of the geo-dynamic system,and the instability criterion F2 is defned as the scale of the outburst geo-body.According to the geo-dynamic system,the elimination mechanism of coal and gas outburst—‘unloading+depressurization’is established,and the gas extraction by boreholes through layer in foor roadway for outburst elimination is given.For the research case,when the gas extraction is 120 days,the gas pressure of the coal seam is reduced to below 0.4 MPa,and the outburst danger is eliminated efectively.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51972162).
文摘Graphene-based thermally conductive composites have been proposed as effective thermal management materials for cooling high-power electronic devices.However,when flexible graphene nanosheets are assembled into macroscopic thermally conductive composites,capillary forces induce shrinkage of graphene nanosheets to form wrinkles during solution-based spontaneous drying,which greatly reduces the thermal conductivity of the composites.Herein,graphene nanosheets/aramid nanofiber(GNS/ANF)composite films with high thermal conductivity were prepared by in-plane stretching of GNS/ANF composite hydrogel networks with hydrogen bonds andπ-πinteractions.The in-plane mechanical stretching eliminates graphene nanosheets wrinkles by suppressing inward shrinkage due to capillary forces during drying and achieves a high in-plane orientation of graphene nanosheets,thereby creating a fast in-plane heat transfer channel.The composite films(GNS/ANF-60 wt%)with eliminated graphene nanosheets wrinkles showed a significant increase in thermal conductivity(146 W m^(−1)K^(−1))and tensile strength(207 MPa).The combination of these excellent properties enables the GNS/ANF composite films to be effectively used for cooling flexible LED chips and smartphones,showing promising applications in the thermal management of high-power electronic devices.
文摘Introduction: For several years, the fight against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been a major public health issue in Africa. Since 2012, Senegal has adopted WHO option B+, consisting of systematic triple therapy for HIV-positive pregnant women, combined with breastfeeding and antiretroviral (ARV) prophylaxis for exposed newborns. It is in this dynamic that we set ourselves the objectives of evaluating the rate of transmission of HIV from mother to child and taking stock of the monitoring of children born to HIV-positive mothers at the Pediatric Department of the CHN of Pikine located in the Dakar suburbs. Methodology: Thus, we conducted a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional cohort follow-up study from 11/25/2014 to 03/09/2022 including all children born to HIV-positive mothers followed at the Pikine CHN since the start of care. Results: We had collected 51 children exposed to HIV and followed in our structure. They were exposed to HIV1 in 92% of cases. The HIV status of the mothers was known before pregnancy in more than half of the cases. The couples were serodiscordant in 56% of cases. The mothers were in clinical stage 1 of the disease in 69.6% of cases and were already under treatment in 47% of cases. The most used treatment regimen was ATRIPLA with Tenofovir (TDF) + Emtracitabine (FTC) + Efavirenz (EFV) in 59% of cases. Compliance was good in the majority of cases. The CD4 count during pregnancy was low in 10.6% of cases. The pregnancy was well followed in only 36.2% of cases. The mothers had given birth in our structure in 91.4% of cases. The vaginal route was found in 72.5% of cases and delivery was carried out by a midwife in 69.4% of cases. The average birth weight was 2733 ± 564. The majority of newborns had received antiretroviral (ARV) prophylaxis after birth, half of them between 12 and 24 hours. The most used therapeutic protocol was Zidovudine (AZT) + Lamivudine (3TC) + Lopinavir/Ritonavir (LPV/r). Protected breastfeeding was the option chosen in 76.8% of cases. The PCR performed at 6 weeks was negative in more than half of the cases. Retroviral serology was carried out after 14 months in 43% of cases. We noted a single positive case with a negative initial PCR, representing an overall transmission rate of 1.96%. Conclusion: Senegal’s current policy targeting EMTCT of HIV is on good momentum with a fairly low transmission rate thanks to screening of pregnant women and prophylaxis with antiretrovirals (ARV) for HIV-positive mothers during pregnancy and for life. And children exposed from birth and during breastfeeding up to 6 weeks with regular monitoring.
基金supported by a grant from the National Key R&D Program of China (2019YFC16063000)。
文摘Chlorfenapyr is a liposoluble insecticide belonging to the pyrrole family.Chlorfenapyr is activated when the N-ethoxymethyl side chain breaks,forming a toxic metabolite,which uncouples oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria,inhibits the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP),and leads to the death of cells and targe organisms.[1] Symptoms of chlorfenapyr poisoning in patients are mild and atypical in the early stage,especially in patients receiving low dose exposure;however,such cases are rare and may be ignored by physicians,often leading to delayed treatment.[2,3].
基金financially supported by the Scientific and Technological Plan Projects of Guangzhou City(202103040001),P.R.Chinathe Project of Science and Technology Department of Henan Province(222102240074)the Key Research Programs of Higher Education Institutions of Henan Province(24B150009)。
文摘Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)featuring a Ni-rich cathode exhibit increased specific capacity,but the establishment of a stable interphase through the implementation of a functional electrolyte strategy remains challenging.Especially when the battery is operated under high temperature,the trace water present in the electrolyte will accelerate the hydrolysis of the electrolyte and the resulting HF will further erode the interphase.In order to enhance the long-term cycling performance of graphite/LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)(NCM811)LIBs,herein,Tolylene-2,4-diisocyanate(TDI)additive containing lone-pair electrons is employed to formulate a novel bifunctional electrolyte aimed at eliminating H_(2)O/HF generated at elevated temperature.After 1000 cycles at 25℃,the battery incorporating the TDI-containing electrolyte exhibits an impressive capacity retention of 94%at 1 C.In contrast,the battery utilizing the blank electrolyte has a lower capacity retention of only 78%.Furthermore,after undergoing 550 cycles at 1 C under45℃,the inclusion of TDI results in a notable enhancement of capacity,increasing it from 68%to 80%.This indicates TDI has a favorable influence on the cycling performance of LIBs,especially at elevated temperatures.The analysis of the film formation mechanism suggests that the lone pair of electrons of the isocyanate group in TDI play a crucial role in inhibiting the generation of H_(2)O and HF,which leads to the formation of a thin and dense interphase.The existence of this interphase is thought to substantially enhance the cycling performance of the LIBs.This work not only improves the performance of graphite/NCM811 batteries at room temperature and high temperature by eliminating H_(2)O/HF but also presents a novel strategy for advancing functional electrolyte development.
文摘Objective:To describe the situation of measles in Sri Lanka from May to November,2023 and to define the role of virology laboratory towards case confirmation and epidemiological and genetic characterization of the outbreak.Methods:This retrospective study analyzed all samples tested for measles from 1st of May to 30th of November,2023 at National Measles Rubella Laboratory,Sri Lanka.According to the World Health Organization(WHO)algorithm,serum and oropharyngeal/nasopharyngeal swabs were tested with WHO recommended kits for anti-measles IgM and measles virus specific RNA,respectively.Selected RNA positive samples were sequenced at reference laboratory,India.Analysis of sequencing data and construction of phylogenetic tree were carried out at National Measles Rubella Laboratory.Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics.Results:Of the total 1132 serum samples and 497 oropharyngeal/nasopharyngeal swabs from 1326 patients,657(49.5%)patients were confirmed as measles by anti-measles IgM,measles virus specific RNA or both.Males(55.6%,n=365)and the age group from>20 to≤30 years(33.0%,n=217)predominated positive patients.All provinces reported measles positive cases.All samples sequenced(100%,n=42)were genotype D8 with 95.2%(n=40)bearing Victoria.Australia origin.Conclusions:We described resurgence of measles in an eliminated country,confirming the genotype to be D8,one of the two genotypes currently circulating globally.Further,the study strongly convinced the importance of a strengthened virological surveillance system in an eliminated country,despite its eliminated status.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21507130)the Open Project Program of Chongqing Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials and Remediation Technology from Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences (CEK1405)+3 种基金the Open Project Program of Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (20140142)the Open Project Program of Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control (OVEC001)the Open Project Program of Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Functional Organic Molecules from Chongqing Technology and Business University (1456029)the Chongqing Science & Technology Commission (cstc2014pt-gc20002)~~
文摘A series of CeO2‐MnOx‐Al2O3 mixed oxide catalysts （Ce：Mn：Al mole ratio=6：4：x, x=0.25, 0.5, 1, 2） were prepared by a simple one‐step inverse co‐precipitation method to investigate the influence of the incorporation of Al3＋ into CeO2‐MnOx mixed oxides. CeO2‐MnOx, CeO2‐Al2O3, and MnOx‐Al2O3 mixed oxides, and CeO2 were prepared by the same method for comparison. The samples were characterized by XRD, Raman, N2 physisorption, H2‐TPR, XPS, and in situ DRIFTS. The catalytic re‐duction of NO by CO was chosen as a model reaction to evaluate the catalytic performance. The incorporation of a small amount of Al3＋into CeO2‐MnOx mixed oxides resulted in a decrease of crys‐tallite size, with the increase of the BET specific surface area and pore volume, as well as the in‐crease of Ce3＋and Mn4＋. The former benefits good contact between catalyst and reactants, and the latter promotes the adsorption of CO and the desorption, conversion and dissociation of adsorbed NO. All these enhanced the catalytic performance for the NO＋CO model reaction. A reaction mecha‐nism was proposed to explain the excellent catalytic performance of CeO2‐MnOx‐Al2O3 catalysts for NO reduction by CO.
基金Supported by National Programs for High Technology Research and Development of China(2007AA061001)Talent Introduction Project Supported by Hunan Agricultural University Project(07YT03)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to study on in-situ elimination effect on heavy metals in soil of the mining area by ramie （Boehmeria nivea （L.） Gaud.）. [Methods] Based on Xiangzhu No.3 and Zhongzhu No.1, we conducted research on heavy metals contents of plants growing in soil of Qibao Mountain orefield in Liuyang, Hunan Province, and on characteristics of enrichment and transfer of heavy metals （Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn） under influence of the two ramie species. [Result] It was concluded that trend of Cu content in different parts of ramie was as follows： rootskinleafbone; trend of Pb was rootleafskinbone; trend of Cd was rootskinboneleaf; the trend of Zn was rootskinboneleaf. In farmland A （with low content of heavy metal）, for per square meter of plough horizon, effect of Zhong 1 on heavy metals transferring volume and the period for restoration of the soil into national standard one （Category Ⅲ of Environmental Quality Standard for Soil） have been concluded. Specifically, for Cu, the corresponding values were 3 404.44 mg and 8.59 y, respectively; for Pb, the values were 3 638.5 mg and 13.52 y; for Cd, the values were 720.48 mg and 1.49 y; for Zn, the values were 37 324.8 mg and 0.67 y. [Conclusion] Soil contaminated by Cu, Pb, Cd, and Zn in orefield can be rapidly restored by growing ramie.
文摘Interference in the data of geochemical hydrocarbon exploration is a large obstacle for anomaly recognition. The multiresolution analysis of wavelet analysis can extract the information at different scales so as to provide a powerful tool for information analysis and processing. Based on the analysis of the geometric nature of hydrocarbon anomalies and background, Mallat wavelet and symmetric border treatment are selected and data pre-processing (logarithm-normalization) is established. This approach provide good results in Shandong and Inner Mongolia, China. It is demonstrated that this approach overcome the disadvantage of backgound variation in the window (interference in window), used in moving average, frame filtering and spatial and scaling modeling methods.
基金supported by the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS-ASTIP)
文摘We evaluated the role of pre-culture on survival rate of in vitro apple plants treated by thermotherapy. Two apple cultivars, Malusxdomestica cv. Pink Lady and Huafu, were used in the experiment and both have widely grown in China and infected with Apple chlorotic leafspot virus （ACLSV） and Apple stem grooving virus （ASGV）. Results in growth and virus titer of apple plants did not exhibit clear trends during five different periods of pre-culture. Whilst, pre-culture increased the survival rate of the two cultivars during thermotherapy. The survival rate of plants pre-cultured for 13 d （P-13d） was 14 and 51% higher than that of P-ld plants for Pink Lady and Huafu, respectively. Moreover, pre-culture positively influenced regeneration of Huafu plants. The average survival rate of plants regenerated from P-ld and P-4d was 20% lower than that regenerated from P-7d, P-10d, and P-13d. The efficiency of virus eradication was determined by reverse-transcription PCR with two primer pairs for each virus, and the detection results showed that pre-culture scarcely affected apple virus elimination. Despite the fact that the two viruses were hardly detected at 5 d of thermotherapy, no virus-free plants were found in the two cultivars of regenerated apple plantlets after 30-d treatment.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.50578020,60471036)
文摘Using fogdrops of OH^· radicals to eliminate microbial contamination is an effective way to solve the current domestic and international problem. The results show that the threshold of OH solution used in the experiment is 0.6 mg/L, the lethal time is 1 s, and the spray density of OH solution is 21 μL/m^2. The experimental results show that the OH radical possesses the following advantages： celerity, low lethal concentration and spray density, short lethal time, and absence of secondary pollution.
基金This project is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50375140).
文摘A new method to eliminate the oil whip online is put forward by use ofpassive electromagnetic damper. The damper works contactless and with DC current. Neither sensor norclosed loop control is needed. The dynamic equations of rotor-bearing system are built up bycombining d'Alemdert principle with Rize way, and the nonlinear oil film forces based on unsteadyshort bearing model are coupled to system. Such nonlinear equations are numerically solved byNewmark integration method. The calculated results show that the bifurcation behavior of the systemcan be. changed and the oil whip of the rotor may be well damped by external damping. Thebifurcation diagrams also show that the subharmonic vibration amplitude decreases in motion and thespeed at which the system losses its stability increases obviously by exerting external damping.Then experiments are carried out to demonstrate this phenomenon. It is observed that the complextrajectories of the journal motion are disappeared and the rotor-bearing system became stable whenthe power of passive electromagnetic damper is turned on. The experiments have good repeatability.
基金Project supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2012AA03A301)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.60932007)+1 种基金the Postdoctoral Science Programs Foundation of the Ministry of Education of China(Grant No.0110032110029)the Key Projects in the Tianjin Science & Technology Pillar Program,China(Grant No.11ZCKFGX02000)
文摘An autostereoscopic display composed of a directional backlight, an image display panel, a striped half-wave plate,and a polarized lenticular lens array is proposed. The directional backlight emitting the parallel light can redirect the cones of light to lenticular lens array and reduce the chromatic spatial-interference effect. The striped half-wave plate, located in front of the image display panel, transformed the polarization direction of the lights from the directional backlight into two mutually perpendicular directions. The polarized lenticular lens array not only can divide the light from the left and right view images to send to left and right eyes but also can reduce the crosstalk of the stereoscopic images. The proposed autostereoscopic display can produce high quality stereoscopic images without crosstalk at the optimal viewing distance.
基金supported by unrestricted grants from Gilead and MSD
文摘BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus(HCV) is a leading cause of worldwide liver-related morbidity and mortality. The World Health Organization released an integrated strategy targeting HCV-elimination by 2030. This study aims to estimate the required interventions to achieve elimination using updated information for direct-acting antiviral(DAA) treatment coverage, to compute the total costs(including indirect/societal costs) of the strategy and to identify whether the elimination strategy is cost-effective/cost-saving in Greece.AIM To estimate the required interventions and subsequent costs to achieve HCV elimination in Greece.METHODS A previously validated mathematical model was adapted to the Greek HCVinfected population to compare the outcomes of DAA treatment without the additional implementation of awareness or screening campaigns versus an HCV elimination strategy, which includes a sufficient number of treated patients. We estimated the total costs(direct and indirect costs), the disability-adjusted life years and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio using two different price scenarios.RESULTS Without the implementation of awareness or screening campaigns,approximately 20000 patients would be diagnosed and treated with DAAs by2030. This strategy would result in a 19.6% increase in HCV-related mortality in2030 compared to 2015. To achieve the elimination goal, 90000 patients need to be treated by 2030. Under the elimination scenario, viremic cases would decrease by78.8% in 2030 compared to 2015. The cumulative direct costs to eliminate the disease would range from 2.1-2.3 billion euros(€) by 2030, while the indirect costs would be €1.1 billion. The total elimination cost in Greece would range from €3.2-3.4 billion by 2030. The cost per averted disability-adjusted life year is estimated between €10100 and €13380, indicating that the elimination strategy is very costeffective. Furthermore, HCV elimination strategy would save €560-895 million by2035.CONCLUSION Without large screening programs, elimination of HCV cannot be achieved. The HCV elimination strategy is feasible and cost-saving despite the uncertainty of the future cost of DAAs in Greece.
