Background:The study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of dinoprostone vaginal insert in labor induction following optimization of standard operating procedure(SOP)and to discover independent predictors of vagin...Background:The study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of dinoprostone vaginal insert in labor induction following optimization of standard operating procedure(SOP)and to discover independent predictors of vaginal delivery.Methods:This study comprised 551 pregnant women who required cervical ripening with dinoprostone before induction of labor.Using univariate and multivariate analyses,independent predictors of vaginal delivery were identified.Results:443 of the 551 women(80.4%)gave birth vaginally.Vaginal delivery was predicted by maternal age(24-30 vs.<24,P<0.001;30-35 vs.<24,P=0.03),gestational age(P=0.005),birth weight(P<0.001),parity(P=0.001),pre-pregnancy BMI(P<0.001),premature rupture of membranes(P=0.001),meconium-stained amniotic fluid(P<0.001),fundal height(P<0.001)and the Bishop score(P<0.001).None of the women exhibited severe postpartum hemorrhage.Conclusions:The maternal age,gestational age,birth weight,parity,body mass index,premature membrane rupture,amniotic fluid contamination,fundal height,and the Bishop score were independent predictors of vaginal delivery.These may guide the clinical use of dinoprostone for induction of labor.展开更多
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the situations and factors that cause nurses not to follow standard operating procedures(SOPs) during the clinical trial process.Methods: Five cases involving patien...Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the situations and factors that cause nurses not to follow standard operating procedures(SOPs) during the clinical trial process.Methods: Five cases involving patients enrolled in a clinical trial were divided into two groups, pre-SOP training and post-SOP training, to compare and observe the process problems and whether nurses fol-lowed SOPs in clinical trials. The causes of problems were analyzed and corrective measures were proposed.Results: Our results indicate significant improvement in compliance with SOPs after training. There were three occurrences of irregular behavior after training compared with 21 occurrences of irregular behavior before training.O>ndusions: The quality of clinical trials can be improved if nurses strictly follow SOPs.展开更多
This paper explores the integration of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) using virtual reality and smart glasses technology in food manufacturing. The study employs a thorough methodology, combining observational i...This paper explores the integration of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) using virtual reality and smart glasses technology in food manufacturing. The study employs a thorough methodology, combining observational insights to develop a comprehensive SOP. Implementation at different firms resulted in significant improvements, reducing product waste and enhancing overall efficiency. The use of virtual reality further augments SOP adoption. The findings underscore SOPs’ transformative influence, offering a tangible solution to challenges in the food production sector. Recommendations include regular SOP reviews and ongoing training for sustained success. Different firms exemplify SOPs as indispensable tools for operational excellence.展开更多
Background:Snakebites can lead to lifelong consequences and is one of the main causes of death among military troops worldwide.However,few Chinese military medics know the proper first aid procedures for snakebites.Th...Background:Snakebites can lead to lifelong consequences and is one of the main causes of death among military troops worldwide.However,few Chinese military medics know the proper first aid procedures for snakebites.Therefore,this study aimed to explore the impact of the Standard Operation Procedure(SOP)and checklist on Chinese military medics’ability to manage snakebite first aid.Methods:This study was a prospective single-blind randomized controlled trial conducted in a military medical university of China from May to June 2017.A questionnaire-based survey was performed to collect the participants’socio-demographic profiles before the baseline measurement.During the baseline measurement,participants were requested to provide corresponding first aid that was responsive to the simulative situation portrayed by the standardized patients(SPs)and the evaluators then scored their performances according to a checklist for snakebite first aid scoring table.After the baseline measurement,they were randomly assigned to one of three intervention groups after stratification according to their baseline performance scores:group A received a self-learning course with textbooks(n=27),group B received a self-learning training on the SOP and checklist(n=27)and group C was engaged in an interactive discussion panel regarding the SOP and checklist(n=26).After the interventions,participants received outcome measurements about snakebite first aid key points capability from the same evaluator and SP for each group to avoid observational error.The reviewers were blinded about the grouping in the trial.Results:The baseline measurement yielded no significant difference(H=1.647,P=0.439)among the three groups.The post-intervention scores were higher than the pre-intervention scores for all three(A,B and C)groups(P=0.008,P<0.001 and P<0.001,respectively).There was significant difference of the post-intervention scores among the three groups(F=8.841,P<0.001).Both post-intervention scores of group B and group C were higher than that of group A(P<0.001 and P=0.001,respectively),but no difference was found between group B and C(P=0.695).The acceptance questionnaire score of SOP and checklist was mostly very satisfied,as the final scores of group B and group C were 4.62±0.61 and 4.82±0.45,respectively.Conclusions:In this study,the implementation of an SOP and checklist for snakebite first aid was shown to update and improve first aid treatment concepts in military medics.These intervention methods played an important role in improving the medics’cognition and understanding of snakebite first aid.Therefore,this finding suggests that SOP and checklist training should be further implemented in Chinese troops for snakebite care.展开更多
Forensic science plays a significant role in crime scene analysis and other evidence collection(such as clothes,cigarette butts,blood,semen,hair,etc.,)to scientifically establish the accused’s guilt.In rape and murde...Forensic science plays a significant role in crime scene analysis and other evidence collection(such as clothes,cigarette butts,blood,semen,hair,etc.,)to scientifically establish the accused’s guilt.In rape and murder cases,DNA tests confirm the victim’s identity.It provides certain evidence that is helpful in the speedy investigation and conclusion of a trial.However,it is not a foolproof science and it has certain limitations.Hence,the first responders,such as the Crime Laboratory Ultimate Evidence System team and the forensic experts,must keep these limitations in mind during sample collection and examination,otherwise,it may lead to incorrect results.Such incorrect results may be obtained due to insufficient sample quantity,improper collection methods,or delay in an examination.It is highly recommended to implement standard operating procedure guidelines,failing which the admissibility of such forensic evidence to prove beyond all reasonable doubts is at stake.Accordingly,the court shall acquit the accused giving him the benefit of doubt.This article focuses on the applicability and limitations of forensic science in the Indian Criminal Justice System and the need to adopt due protocols to yield viable results.展开更多
Countries in Asia and the Pacific are more prone to natural disasters than those in other parts of the world.Because of this,there is an urgent need to continue developing effective,end-to-end early warning systems th...Countries in Asia and the Pacific are more prone to natural disasters than those in other parts of the world.Because of this,there is an urgent need to continue developing effective,end-to-end early warning systems that lead to an effective response by emergency managers and people at risk.ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee(TC),in cooperation with WMO/ESCAP Panel on Tropical Cyclones(PTC),conducted a regional cooperation project on Synergized Standard Operating Procedures for Coastal Multi-Hazards Early Warning System(SSOP)with fund support from ESCAP Multi-Donor Trust Fund for Tsunami,Disaster and Climate Preparedness in Indian Ocean and South East Asia.SSOP project was conducted successfully and achieved its proposed goals.Its results and achievements greatly benefit the Members not only in the region but also in all other regions of WMO.The paper reviewed its implementation process,strategy and activities;briefed its main achievements including SSOP Manual,capacity building and cooperation mechanism between TC and PTC;summarized the experiences and lessons from project implementation;and highlighted its sustainability.The paper also suggested the approaches to enhance the sustainability of SSOP results and the cooperation between two regional bodies TC and PTC.展开更多
Introduction:The cyclical process of hazard identification,risk assessment,risk mitigation,and review is a key step in developing a biorisk management(BRM)system.This paper describes how this process was initiated in ...Introduction:The cyclical process of hazard identification,risk assessment,risk mitigation,and review is a key step in developing a biorisk management(BRM)system.This paper describes how this process was initiated in two laboratories in Pakistan using a unique model of blended learning.Methods:A training needs analysis showed that the staff had very little knowledge of BRM systems.A workshop using a unique blended model was conducted in which virtual and in-presence learning occurred simultaneously.This workshop aimed to train the participants by applying two key concepts from the World Health Organization Laboratory Biosafety Manual 4th edition:1)the cyclical process of risk assessment and 2)mapping the core biorisk and establishing heightened control measures in the laboratories of the participants based on the risk assessment.All scenarios and examples used in the training were from the participants’laboratory work processes.Results:Prior to this project,no risk assessment was conducted in these laboratories.After the workshop,a risk assessment was performed for six work processes.In addition,seven core requirements and three heightened control measures were mapped,a biorisk officer was appointed,and a biosafety committee was convened.Furthermore,a biorisk manual,a biological waste management plan,an occupational health center,and a system for audits and inspections are being developed.Discussion and conclusion:BRM training is not a one-time effort;it has to be strengthened to ensure the development and implementation of a comprehensive and sustainable BRM system.Training must be applicable to local settings and incremental,in a way that participants are not overloaded with information.展开更多
文摘Background:The study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of dinoprostone vaginal insert in labor induction following optimization of standard operating procedure(SOP)and to discover independent predictors of vaginal delivery.Methods:This study comprised 551 pregnant women who required cervical ripening with dinoprostone before induction of labor.Using univariate and multivariate analyses,independent predictors of vaginal delivery were identified.Results:443 of the 551 women(80.4%)gave birth vaginally.Vaginal delivery was predicted by maternal age(24-30 vs.<24,P<0.001;30-35 vs.<24,P=0.03),gestational age(P=0.005),birth weight(P<0.001),parity(P=0.001),pre-pregnancy BMI(P<0.001),premature rupture of membranes(P=0.001),meconium-stained amniotic fluid(P<0.001),fundal height(P<0.001)and the Bishop score(P<0.001).None of the women exhibited severe postpartum hemorrhage.Conclusions:The maternal age,gestational age,birth weight,parity,body mass index,premature membrane rupture,amniotic fluid contamination,fundal height,and the Bishop score were independent predictors of vaginal delivery.These may guide the clinical use of dinoprostone for induction of labor.
文摘Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the situations and factors that cause nurses not to follow standard operating procedures(SOPs) during the clinical trial process.Methods: Five cases involving patients enrolled in a clinical trial were divided into two groups, pre-SOP training and post-SOP training, to compare and observe the process problems and whether nurses fol-lowed SOPs in clinical trials. The causes of problems were analyzed and corrective measures were proposed.Results: Our results indicate significant improvement in compliance with SOPs after training. There were three occurrences of irregular behavior after training compared with 21 occurrences of irregular behavior before training.O>ndusions: The quality of clinical trials can be improved if nurses strictly follow SOPs.
文摘This paper explores the integration of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) using virtual reality and smart glasses technology in food manufacturing. The study employs a thorough methodology, combining observational insights to develop a comprehensive SOP. Implementation at different firms resulted in significant improvements, reducing product waste and enhancing overall efficiency. The use of virtual reality further augments SOP adoption. The findings underscore SOPs’ transformative influence, offering a tangible solution to challenges in the food production sector. Recommendations include regular SOP reviews and ongoing training for sustained success. Different firms exemplify SOPs as indispensable tools for operational excellence.
基金supported by the Clinical Support program of General Hospital of PLA(No.2018FC-WJFWZX-2-19)Military Medical Innovation Program(18CXZ009)。
文摘Background:Snakebites can lead to lifelong consequences and is one of the main causes of death among military troops worldwide.However,few Chinese military medics know the proper first aid procedures for snakebites.Therefore,this study aimed to explore the impact of the Standard Operation Procedure(SOP)and checklist on Chinese military medics’ability to manage snakebite first aid.Methods:This study was a prospective single-blind randomized controlled trial conducted in a military medical university of China from May to June 2017.A questionnaire-based survey was performed to collect the participants’socio-demographic profiles before the baseline measurement.During the baseline measurement,participants were requested to provide corresponding first aid that was responsive to the simulative situation portrayed by the standardized patients(SPs)and the evaluators then scored their performances according to a checklist for snakebite first aid scoring table.After the baseline measurement,they were randomly assigned to one of three intervention groups after stratification according to their baseline performance scores:group A received a self-learning course with textbooks(n=27),group B received a self-learning training on the SOP and checklist(n=27)and group C was engaged in an interactive discussion panel regarding the SOP and checklist(n=26).After the interventions,participants received outcome measurements about snakebite first aid key points capability from the same evaluator and SP for each group to avoid observational error.The reviewers were blinded about the grouping in the trial.Results:The baseline measurement yielded no significant difference(H=1.647,P=0.439)among the three groups.The post-intervention scores were higher than the pre-intervention scores for all three(A,B and C)groups(P=0.008,P<0.001 and P<0.001,respectively).There was significant difference of the post-intervention scores among the three groups(F=8.841,P<0.001).Both post-intervention scores of group B and group C were higher than that of group A(P<0.001 and P=0.001,respectively),but no difference was found between group B and C(P=0.695).The acceptance questionnaire score of SOP and checklist was mostly very satisfied,as the final scores of group B and group C were 4.62±0.61 and 4.82±0.45,respectively.Conclusions:In this study,the implementation of an SOP and checklist for snakebite first aid was shown to update and improve first aid treatment concepts in military medics.These intervention methods played an important role in improving the medics’cognition and understanding of snakebite first aid.Therefore,this finding suggests that SOP and checklist training should be further implemented in Chinese troops for snakebite care.
文摘Forensic science plays a significant role in crime scene analysis and other evidence collection(such as clothes,cigarette butts,blood,semen,hair,etc.,)to scientifically establish the accused’s guilt.In rape and murder cases,DNA tests confirm the victim’s identity.It provides certain evidence that is helpful in the speedy investigation and conclusion of a trial.However,it is not a foolproof science and it has certain limitations.Hence,the first responders,such as the Crime Laboratory Ultimate Evidence System team and the forensic experts,must keep these limitations in mind during sample collection and examination,otherwise,it may lead to incorrect results.Such incorrect results may be obtained due to insufficient sample quantity,improper collection methods,or delay in an examination.It is highly recommended to implement standard operating procedure guidelines,failing which the admissibility of such forensic evidence to prove beyond all reasonable doubts is at stake.Accordingly,the court shall acquit the accused giving him the benefit of doubt.This article focuses on the applicability and limitations of forensic science in the Indian Criminal Justice System and the need to adopt due protocols to yield viable results.
文摘Countries in Asia and the Pacific are more prone to natural disasters than those in other parts of the world.Because of this,there is an urgent need to continue developing effective,end-to-end early warning systems that lead to an effective response by emergency managers and people at risk.ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee(TC),in cooperation with WMO/ESCAP Panel on Tropical Cyclones(PTC),conducted a regional cooperation project on Synergized Standard Operating Procedures for Coastal Multi-Hazards Early Warning System(SSOP)with fund support from ESCAP Multi-Donor Trust Fund for Tsunami,Disaster and Climate Preparedness in Indian Ocean and South East Asia.SSOP project was conducted successfully and achieved its proposed goals.Its results and achievements greatly benefit the Members not only in the region but also in all other regions of WMO.The paper reviewed its implementation process,strategy and activities;briefed its main achievements including SSOP Manual,capacity building and cooperation mechanism between TC and PTC;summarized the experiences and lessons from project implementation;and highlighted its sustainability.The paper also suggested the approaches to enhance the sustainability of SSOP results and the cooperation between two regional bodies TC and PTC.
基金funded by UK aid from the UK government through the Fleming Fund Project.
文摘Introduction:The cyclical process of hazard identification,risk assessment,risk mitigation,and review is a key step in developing a biorisk management(BRM)system.This paper describes how this process was initiated in two laboratories in Pakistan using a unique model of blended learning.Methods:A training needs analysis showed that the staff had very little knowledge of BRM systems.A workshop using a unique blended model was conducted in which virtual and in-presence learning occurred simultaneously.This workshop aimed to train the participants by applying two key concepts from the World Health Organization Laboratory Biosafety Manual 4th edition:1)the cyclical process of risk assessment and 2)mapping the core biorisk and establishing heightened control measures in the laboratories of the participants based on the risk assessment.All scenarios and examples used in the training were from the participants’laboratory work processes.Results:Prior to this project,no risk assessment was conducted in these laboratories.After the workshop,a risk assessment was performed for six work processes.In addition,seven core requirements and three heightened control measures were mapped,a biorisk officer was appointed,and a biosafety committee was convened.Furthermore,a biorisk manual,a biological waste management plan,an occupational health center,and a system for audits and inspections are being developed.Discussion and conclusion:BRM training is not a one-time effort;it has to be strengthened to ensure the development and implementation of a comprehensive and sustainable BRM system.Training must be applicable to local settings and incremental,in a way that participants are not overloaded with information.
