The Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee ushered in a new chapter of China＇s comprehensive deepening of reform. The basic objective of comprehensively deepening reform of the state sector of econom...The Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee ushered in a new chapter of China＇s comprehensive deepening of reform. The basic objective of comprehensively deepening reform of the state sector of economy in the new chapter is to fully integrate this sector with a sophisticated market economic system with the market playing the decisive role in resource allocation. In order to achieve this objective, China is confronted with the four major priorities of adjusting the functions and layout of the state sector of economy according to national mandates, expediting the mixed ownership reform, creating a classified and multi- tiered new system for the administration of the sector, and developing a modern corporate system for SOEs to ensure an efficient micro-level governance mechanism for the sector. （1） The functions of the different types of SOEs should be accurately defined and SOEs should be divided into the three types of public policy SOEs, functional SOEs, and commercial SOEs. This classification forms the premises for reforming the state sector of economy. Based on the functions of the three types of SOEs, the directions and emphases for strategic adjustment should differ as well. （2） The mixed ownership reform should adhere to the methodological principles of combining top-down and bottom-up approaches, implementing pilot programs, and promoting coordinated progress. Practical implementation should ensure fair and standard reform procedures, reform programs consistent with laws and regulations, open and fair equity transfers, as well as fair and transparent internal distributions. The mixed ownership reform of SOEs should introduce the employee stock ownership system and adhere to the principles of compatible incentives, shared growth, and long-term development. Monopolistic sectors should be transformed into competitive market structures to create conditions for the implementation of mixed ownership for SOEs. （3） The new system for the administration of the state sector of economy should comprise three hierarchies： the Commission for the Administration of State Economy at the top level, state capital operation companies or state capital investment companies at the intermediate level and general for-profit enterprises at the bottom level, which administer public policy, functional SOEs, and commercial SOEs respectively. （4） Under the new system for the administration of the state sector of economy characterized by the three hierarchies and categories, the key for perfecting the modern corporate system of SOEs is to establish a differentiated, classified governance mechanism, i.e., different corporate governance mechanisms should be created for SOEs of different functions and roles.展开更多
The new normal state of economy is not only the overall trend of China's current economic development stage, but also the strategic choice of China for the future economic development, the anticipation for the eco...The new normal state of economy is not only the overall trend of China's current economic development stage, but also the strategic choice of China for the future economic development, the anticipation for the economic development and its outcome under the new strategy. It is of great strategic significance for the long-term development of China's human rights as a whole, yet it makes a short-term challenge to the realization of the rights of vulnerable groups. Under the new normal state of economy, it should be targeted to strengthen the protection of the rights of vulnerable groups, which is very important not only for the overall development of China's human rights causes, but also for China to cross over 'the middle-income trap' and to achieve sustainable development of economy.展开更多
The fundamental criterion of the ＂three favorables＂ put forward by Deng Xiaoping is the basic theoretical foundation on which China＇s current ownership structure is established and improved, one where public owners...The fundamental criterion of the ＂three favorables＂ put forward by Deng Xiaoping is the basic theoretical foundation on which China＇s current ownership structure is established and improved, one where public ownership is dominant and diverse forms of ownership coexist. What is critical for properly handling the relationship between the public and non-public economies and coordinating them within the great practice of constructing socialism with Chinese characteristics is adherence to the dominance of public ownership together with ceaseless exploration and active adoption of effective forms to realize public ownership. ＂Public assets dominate the total assets in society.＂ Their dominance in terms of quantity should mean mainly that net public operating assets account for a dominant proportion of society＇s overall net operating assets, while their dominance in terms of quality should be seen in the ability of the socialist economy linked with net public operating assets to yield much higher labor productivity than the capitalist economy. In order to consolidate and develop the public economy in China, and further bring into play the dominant role of the state-owned economy, it is imperative for us to correctly understand and grasp the unique features of China in the distribution of the state sector of the economy in the conditions of the socialist market economy, rationally map out and continuously optimize its distribution and structure, and endeavor to nurture a group of intemationally competitive large-scale state-owned or state-controlled enterprises or enterprise groups.展开更多
How do South Korea's developmental legacies influence its contemporary political economy?The discourse surrounding this question has tended to diverge over the extent to which South Korea's state-led developme...How do South Korea's developmental legacies influence its contemporary political economy?The discourse surrounding this question has tended to diverge over the extent to which South Korea's state-led developmental model has been supplanted by a market-led,neoliberal mode of political-economic organization Though this debate has indeed fostered many important individual contributions,it has also yielded a muddled and ambiguous theoretical landscape.To clarify this cluttered terrain,this paper draws from recent advances in the study of neoliberalism to establish critical points of consonance between statist perspectives on Korean development and neoliberalism To this end,it identifies key threads of continuity binding South Korea's developmental past with its neoliberal present.The paper finds that critical aspects of the developmental state's interaction with society,from coercion to ideological suasion furnished elemental building blocks to those actively constructing a South Korean neoliberalism Thus,exploring these historical contours producesa fresh means for apprehending the interactions of enduring statist developmental legacies with contemporary neoliberal reforms,both theoretically and empirically.As such,this study yields an improved set of conceptual tools for grasping the complex empirical phenomena shaping the interplay of neoliberalism,developmentalism,and democracy within contemporary South Korea.展开更多
文摘The Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee ushered in a new chapter of China＇s comprehensive deepening of reform. The basic objective of comprehensively deepening reform of the state sector of economy in the new chapter is to fully integrate this sector with a sophisticated market economic system with the market playing the decisive role in resource allocation. In order to achieve this objective, China is confronted with the four major priorities of adjusting the functions and layout of the state sector of economy according to national mandates, expediting the mixed ownership reform, creating a classified and multi- tiered new system for the administration of the sector, and developing a modern corporate system for SOEs to ensure an efficient micro-level governance mechanism for the sector. （1） The functions of the different types of SOEs should be accurately defined and SOEs should be divided into the three types of public policy SOEs, functional SOEs, and commercial SOEs. This classification forms the premises for reforming the state sector of economy. Based on the functions of the three types of SOEs, the directions and emphases for strategic adjustment should differ as well. （2） The mixed ownership reform should adhere to the methodological principles of combining top-down and bottom-up approaches, implementing pilot programs, and promoting coordinated progress. Practical implementation should ensure fair and standard reform procedures, reform programs consistent with laws and regulations, open and fair equity transfers, as well as fair and transparent internal distributions. The mixed ownership reform of SOEs should introduce the employee stock ownership system and adhere to the principles of compatible incentives, shared growth, and long-term development. Monopolistic sectors should be transformed into competitive market structures to create conditions for the implementation of mixed ownership for SOEs. （3） The new system for the administration of the state sector of economy should comprise three hierarchies： the Commission for the Administration of State Economy at the top level, state capital operation companies or state capital investment companies at the intermediate level and general for-profit enterprises at the bottom level, which administer public policy, functional SOEs, and commercial SOEs respectively. （4） Under the new system for the administration of the state sector of economy characterized by the three hierarchies and categories, the key for perfecting the modern corporate system of SOEs is to establish a differentiated, classified governance mechanism, i.e., different corporate governance mechanisms should be created for SOEs of different functions and roles.
文摘The new normal state of economy is not only the overall trend of China's current economic development stage, but also the strategic choice of China for the future economic development, the anticipation for the economic development and its outcome under the new strategy. It is of great strategic significance for the long-term development of China's human rights as a whole, yet it makes a short-term challenge to the realization of the rights of vulnerable groups. Under the new normal state of economy, it should be targeted to strengthen the protection of the rights of vulnerable groups, which is very important not only for the overall development of China's human rights causes, but also for China to cross over 'the middle-income trap' and to achieve sustainable development of economy.
文摘The fundamental criterion of the ＂three favorables＂ put forward by Deng Xiaoping is the basic theoretical foundation on which China＇s current ownership structure is established and improved, one where public ownership is dominant and diverse forms of ownership coexist. What is critical for properly handling the relationship between the public and non-public economies and coordinating them within the great practice of constructing socialism with Chinese characteristics is adherence to the dominance of public ownership together with ceaseless exploration and active adoption of effective forms to realize public ownership. ＂Public assets dominate the total assets in society.＂ Their dominance in terms of quantity should mean mainly that net public operating assets account for a dominant proportion of society＇s overall net operating assets, while their dominance in terms of quality should be seen in the ability of the socialist economy linked with net public operating assets to yield much higher labor productivity than the capitalist economy. In order to consolidate and develop the public economy in China, and further bring into play the dominant role of the state-owned economy, it is imperative for us to correctly understand and grasp the unique features of China in the distribution of the state sector of the economy in the conditions of the socialist market economy, rationally map out and continuously optimize its distribution and structure, and endeavor to nurture a group of intemationally competitive large-scale state-owned or state-controlled enterprises or enterprise groups.
文摘How do South Korea's developmental legacies influence its contemporary political economy?The discourse surrounding this question has tended to diverge over the extent to which South Korea's state-led developmental model has been supplanted by a market-led,neoliberal mode of political-economic organization Though this debate has indeed fostered many important individual contributions,it has also yielded a muddled and ambiguous theoretical landscape.To clarify this cluttered terrain,this paper draws from recent advances in the study of neoliberalism to establish critical points of consonance between statist perspectives on Korean development and neoliberalism To this end,it identifies key threads of continuity binding South Korea's developmental past with its neoliberal present.The paper finds that critical aspects of the developmental state's interaction with society,from coercion to ideological suasion furnished elemental building blocks to those actively constructing a South Korean neoliberalism Thus,exploring these historical contours producesa fresh means for apprehending the interactions of enduring statist developmental legacies with contemporary neoliberal reforms,both theoretically and empirically.As such,this study yields an improved set of conceptual tools for grasping the complex empirical phenomena shaping the interplay of neoliberalism,developmentalism,and democracy within contemporary South Korea.
