Abscisic acid(ABA),hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2)) and ascorbate(AsA)–glutathione(GSH)cycle are widely known for their participation in various stresses.However,the relationship between ABA and H_(2)O_(2) levels and th...Abscisic acid(ABA),hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2)) and ascorbate(AsA)–glutathione(GSH)cycle are widely known for their participation in various stresses.However,the relationship between ABA and H_(2)O_(2) levels and the AsA–GSH cycle under drought stress in wheat has not been studied.In this study,a hydroponic experiment was conducted in wheat seedlings subjected to 15%polyethylene glycol(PEG)6000–induced dehydration.Drought stress caused the rapid accumulation of endogenous ABA and H_(2)O_(2) and significantly decreased the number of root tips compared with the control.The application of ABA significantly increased the number of root tips,whereas the application of H_(2)O_(2) markedly reduced the number of root tips,compared with that under 15%PEG-6000.In addition,drought stress markedly increased the DHA,GSH and GSSG levels,but decreased the AsA levels,AsA/DHA and GSH/GSSG ratios compared with those in the control.The activities of the four enzymes in the AsA–GSH cycle were also markedly increased under drought stress,including glutathione reductase(GR),ascorbate peroxidase(APX),monodehydroascorbate reductase(MDHAR)and dehydroascorbate reductase(DHAR),compared with those in the control.However,the application of an ABA inhibitor significantly inhibited GR,DHAR and APX activities,whereas the application of an H_(2)O_(2) inhibitor significantly inhibited DHAR and MDHAR activities.Furthermore,the application of ABA inhibitor significantly promoted the increases of H_(2)O_(2) and the application of H_(2)O_(2) inhibitor significantly blocked the increases of ABA,compared with those under 15% PEG-6000.Taken together,the results indicated that ABA and H_(2)O_(2) probably interact under drought stress in wheat;and both of them can mediate drought stress by modulating the enzymes in AsA–GSH cycle,where ABA acts as the main regulator of GR,DHAR,and APX activities,and H_(2)O_(2) acts as the main regulator of DHAR and MDHAR activities.展开更多
The stress response is essential for animal self-defense and survival. However, species may exhibit stress response variation depending on their specific environmental and selection pressures. Blind cavefish dwell in ...The stress response is essential for animal self-defense and survival. However, species may exhibit stress response variation depending on their specific environmental and selection pressures. Blind cavefish dwell in cave environments, which differ markedly in stressors and resource availability compared to surface aquatic environments. However, whether blind cavefish exhibit differences in stress response as an adaptation to their cave environments remains unclear. Here, we investigated differences in stress response in six closely related Triplophysa species, including three blind cavefish (T. longibarbata, T. jiarongensis, and T. rosa) and three normal-sighted river fish (T. nasobarbatula, T. dongsaiensis, and T. bleekeri). Results showed that blind cavefish exhibited a range of distinct behavioral responses compared to sighted river fish, including greater levels of activity, shorter duration of freezing, absence of erratic movements or thrashing behavior, and opposite behavioral trends over time. Furthermore, the cavefish species demonstrated attenuated increases in metabolic rate in response to stressors related to novel environments. Cave-dwelling T. rosa also exhibited lower basal hypothalamic-pituitary-inter-renal (HPI) axis-related gene expression levels and stress hormone concentrations compared to river-dwelling T. bleekeri. These results suggest that blind cavefish may have lost their behavioral stress response, potentially mediated by a reduction in basal activity of the HPI axis, thus enabling the conservation of energy by reducing unnecessary expenditure in energy-limited caves.展开更多
Plant male reproduction is a fine-tuned developmental process that is susceptible to stressful environments and influences crop grain yields.Phytohormone signaling functions in control of plant normal growth and devel...Plant male reproduction is a fine-tuned developmental process that is susceptible to stressful environments and influences crop grain yields.Phytohormone signaling functions in control of plant normal growth and development as well as in response to external stresses,but the interaction or crosstalk among phytohormone signaling,stress response,and male reproduction in plants remains poorly understood.Cross-species comparison among 514 stress-response transcriptomic libraries revealed that ms33-6038,a genic male sterile mutant deficient in the Zm Ms33/Zm GPAT6 gene,displayed an excessive drought stress-like transcriptional reprogramming in anthers triggered mainly by disturbed jasmonic acid(JA)homeostasis.An increased level of JA appeared in Zm Ms33-deficient anthers at both meiotic and postmeiotic stages and activated genes involved in JA biosynthesis and signaling as well as genes functioning in JA-mediated drought response.Excessive accumulation of JA elevated expression level of a gene encoding a WRKY transcription factor that activated the Zm Ms33 promoter.These findings reveal a feedback loop of Zm Ms33-JA-WRKY-Zm Ms33 in controlling male sterility and JA-mediated stress response in maize,shedding light on the crosstalk of stress response and male sterility mediated by phytohormone homeostasis and signaling.展开更多
To investigate the stress response characteristics and shear stress transfer mechanism of BFRP(basalt fiber reinforced plastics)anchors under rainfall conditions and to explore the reinforcement effect of BFRP anchors...To investigate the stress response characteristics and shear stress transfer mechanism of BFRP(basalt fiber reinforced plastics)anchors under rainfall conditions and to explore the reinforcement effect of BFRP anchors,a comparative indoor physical model test was conducted in this study using loess mudstone slope as a typical case,and multi-attribute response data,such as slope displacement,BFRP anchor strain and axial force,were obtained.Based on the variation law of slope displacement,it can be concluded that the deformation displacement of the slope on the side reinforced by BFRP anchors is smaller than that of slopes reinforced with steel anchors;the bearing capacity of BFRP anchor is given priority in time,and the anchoring effect of BFRP anchor at the top of the slope is given priority,and the axial force value of anchor is characterized by a surface amplification effect in space;the axial force is higher around the anchor head and tends to decay as a negative exponential function as the anchor extends in the direction of the interior of the slope;the shear stress of BFRP anchor and anchorage body are unevenly distributed along the axial direction,with the maximum value occurring in the free section near the slope surface and decreases as the BFRP anchor extends towards the interior of the slope.These results can provide a theoretical basis for the optimal design of BFRP anchors.展开更多
Although tocopherols are essential for rice development,the molecular details by which their absence affects development remain to be determined.To study how tocopherols function during rice development,we performed a...Although tocopherols are essential for rice development,the molecular details by which their absence affects development remain to be determined.To study how tocopherols function during rice development,we performed a transcriptome deep sequencing(RNA-seq)analysis of the rice cultivar Nipponbare(Nip)and the tocopherol-deficient mutant small grain and dwarf 1-2(sgd1-2).We identified 563 differentially expressed genes that were enriched in Gene Ontology categories associated with metabolism,stress,cellular responses,and transcriptional regulation.We determined that the total fatty acid composition of Nip and sgd1-2 was comparable,although cell membrane penetrability in sgd1-2 was significantly higher than in Nip under optimal growth conditions,indicating that tocopherol deficiency induces cell membrane damage.The expression levels of dehydration-responsive element binding 1(DREB1)genes and free proline content in sgd1-2 were also higher than those in Nip.We also showed that the DELLA protein SLENDER RICE1(SLR1)accumulated in sgd1-2,resulting in significant changes in the global transcriptome.Our study confirms that the lack of tocopherol accumulation in rice induced ectopic stress responses and limited growth by enhancing SLR1 abundance through increasing SLR1 transcript levels.These results provide new insights into tocopherol during rice development.展开更多
BACKGROUND Radical surgery is a common treatment for patients with gastric cancer;however,it can lead to postoperative complications and intestinal barrier dysfunction.Ultrasound-guided quadratus lumborum block is oft...BACKGROUND Radical surgery is a common treatment for patients with gastric cancer;however,it can lead to postoperative complications and intestinal barrier dysfunction.Ultrasound-guided quadratus lumborum block is often used for postoperative analgesia,but its effects on stress response and intestinal barrier function are not well understood.AIM To investigate the effects of an ultrasound-guided quadratus lumborum block on stress response and intestinal barrier function in patients undergoing radical surgery for gastric cancer.METHODS A total of 100 patients undergoing radical surgery for gastric cancer were randomly categorized into observation and control groups.Plasma adrenaline and cortisol levels,intestinal mucosal barrier indexes,and complication rates were compared between the two groups before,during,and 1 day after surgery.RESULTS The observation group had significantly lower plasma adrenaline and cortisol levels during surgery and at 1 day postoperatively than that of the control group(P<0.05).Additionally,intestinal barrier indexes(endotoxin and D-dimer)at 1 day postoperatively were significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Ultrasound-guided quadratus lumborum block could reduce stress response,protect intestinal barrier function,and decrease the incidence of complications in patients undergoing radical surgery for gastric cancer.This technique has the potential for clinical applications.展开更多
BACKGROUND Radical gastrectomy(RG)is commonly used in the treatment of patients with gastric cancer(GC),but this procedure may lead to stress responses,postoperative cognitive dysfunction,and blood coagulation abnorma...BACKGROUND Radical gastrectomy(RG)is commonly used in the treatment of patients with gastric cancer(GC),but this procedure may lead to stress responses,postoperative cognitive dysfunction,and blood coagulation abnormalities in patients.AIM To investigate the influences of dexmedetomidine(DEX)on stress responses and postoperative cognitive and coagulation functions in patients undergoing RG under general anesthesia(GA).METHODS One hundred and two patients undergoing RG for GC under GA from February 2020 to February 2022 were retrospectively reviewed.Of these,50 patients had received conventional anesthesia intervention[control group(CG)]and 52 patients had received DEX in addition to routine anesthesia intervention[observation group(OG)].Inflammatory factor(IFs;tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α;interleukin-6,IL-6),stress responses(cortisol,Cor;adrenocorticotropic hormone,ACTH),cognitive function(CF;Mini-Mental State Examination,MMSE),neurological function(neuron-specific enolase,NSE;S100 calciumbinding protein B,S100B),and coagulation function(prothrombin time,PT;thromboxane B2,TXB2;fibrinogen,FIB)were compared between the two groups before surgery(T0),as well as at 6 h(T1)and 24 h(T2)after surgery.RESULTS Compared with T0,TNF-α,IL-6,Cor,ACTH,NSE,S100B,PT,TXB2,and FIB showed a significant increase in both groups at T1 and T2,but with even lower levels in OG vs CG.Both groups showed a significant reduction in the MMSE score at T1 and T2 compared with T0,but the MMSE score was notably higher in OG compared with CG.CONCLUSION In addition to a potent inhibitory effect on postoperative IFs and stress responses in GC patients undergoing RG under GA,DEX may also alleviate the coagulation dysfunction and improve the postoperative CF of these patients.展开更多
Small ubiquitin-like modifier(SUMO)E3 ligases that facilitate the conjugation of SUMO proteins to target substrates contain an SP-RING domain which is like the RING domain found in ubiquitin E3 ligases.In this study,w...Small ubiquitin-like modifier(SUMO)E3 ligases that facilitate the conjugation of SUMO proteins to target substrates contain an SP-RING domain which is like the RING domain found in ubiquitin E3 ligases.In this study,we isolated and characterized the Oryza sativa protein inhibitor of activated STAT like1(OsPIAL1)containing SP-RING domains,as the rice homolog of Arabidopsis PIALs.OsPIAL1 interacts with OsSUMO proteins but does not interact with rice SUMO-conjugating enzymes(OsSCEs).An analysis of transgenic rice plant shows that OsPIAL1 is involved in SUMO conjugation to SCEs but not in SUMO conjugation to substrates.In addition,this OsPIAL1 activity requires drought stress conditions.Expression profiles show that the OsPIAL1 gene is induced by only drought stress in the leaves,whereas it is repressed by ABA and abiotic stresses in the roots.Salt stress leads to the fastest decrease in OsPIAL1 transcripts in the roots.Furthermore,the stress experiments indicate that the transgenic rice plants overexpressing OsPIAL1 exhibit a drought stress-tolerant phenotype but a salt stress hypersensitive phenotype.Our results and those from Arabidopsis pial mutants suggest that PIALs act as a positive regulator in the drought stress response but as a negative regulator in the salt stress response.展开更多
With the advent of advanced sequencing technologies,non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs)are increasingly pivotal and play highly regulated roles in the modulation of diverse aspects of plant growth and stress response.This include...With the advent of advanced sequencing technologies,non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs)are increasingly pivotal and play highly regulated roles in the modulation of diverse aspects of plant growth and stress response.This includes a spectrum of ncRNA classes,ranging from small RNAs to long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs).Notably,among these,lncRNAs emerge as significant and intricate components within the broader ncRNA regulatory networks.Here,we categorize ncRNAs based on their length and structure into small RNAs,medium-sized ncRNAs,lncRNAs,and circle RNAs.Furthermore,the review delves into the detailed biosynthesis and origin of these ncRNAs.Subsequently,we emphasize the diverse regulatory mechanisms employed by lncRNAs that are located at various gene regions of coding genes,embodying promoters,5’UTRs,introns,exons,and 3’UTR regions.Furthermore,we elucidate these regulatory modes through one or two concrete examples.Besides,lncRNAs have emerged as novel central components that participate in phase separation processes.Moreover,we illustrate the coordinated regulatory mechanisms among lncRNAs,miRNAs,and siRNAs with a particular emphasis on the central role of lncRNAs in serving as sponges,precursors,spliceosome,stabilization,scaffolds,or interaction factors to bridge interactions with other ncRNAs.The review also sheds light on the intriguing possibility that some ncRNAs may encode functional micropeptides.Therefore,the review underscores the emergent roles of ncRNAs as potent regulatory factors that significantly enrich the regulatory network governing plant growth,development,and responses to environmental stimuli.There are yet-to-be-discovered roles of ncRNAs waiting for us to explore.展开更多
Foxtail millet(Setaria italica L.),a member of the Paniceae family,is a temperate and tropical grass species that is widely cultivated on the Eurasian continent.It is Chinese in origin and possesses a small genome,sho...Foxtail millet(Setaria italica L.),a member of the Paniceae family,is a temperate and tropical grass species that is widely cultivated on the Eurasian continent.It is Chinese in origin and possesses a small genome,short growth cycle,and strong natural abiotic stress resistance.Elucidating the mechanism of millet tolerance to salt stress is becoming increasingly important with increasing soil salinization limiting crop productivity.The responses and mechanisms of tolerance to salt stress from other model plants such as Arabidopsis and rice,were compared with those from foxtail millet to summarize current research on responses to salt stress.Numerous processes are involved in these processes,including physiological reactions,sensing,signaling,and control at the transcriptional,post-transcriptional,and epigenetic levels.To increase crop productivity and agricultural sustainability,a variety of technologies can be used to investigate how salt tolerance is mediated by physiological and molecular processes in foxtail millet.展开更多
Gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA)is a ubiquitous four-carbon non-protein amino acid that is involved in various physiological processes of plant growth and development,such as root architecture,stem elongation,leaf senesc...Gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA)is a ubiquitous four-carbon non-protein amino acid that is involved in various physiological processes of plant growth and development,such as root architecture,stem elongation,leaf senescence,pollen tube growth,fruit ripening,and seed germination.GABA is also related to plant stress responses,such as drought,salt,cold,and heat stresses.Regulation of GABA in plant stress responses is complex and involves multiple signaling pathways,including calcium and hormone signaling.This paper systematically reviews the synthesis,metabolic pathways and regulatory role of GABA in plants,which will provide new insights into the understanding of plant growth and stress responses and offer novel strategies for improving crop productivity and stress.展开更多
The transport of proteins to and from the nucleus is necessary for many cellular processes and is one of the ways plants respond to developmental signals and environmental stresses.Nucleocytoplasmic trafficking of pro...The transport of proteins to and from the nucleus is necessary for many cellular processes and is one of the ways plants respond to developmental signals and environmental stresses.Nucleocytoplasmic trafficking of proteins is mediated by the nuclear transport receptor(NTR).Although NTR has been extensively studied in humans and Arabidopsis,it has rarely been identified and functionally characterized in rice.In this study,we identified exportin 1 in rice(OsXPO1)as a nuclear export receptor.OsXPO1shares high protein identity with its functional homologs in Arabidopsis and other organisms.OsXPO1localized to both the nucleus and the cytoplasm,directly interacted with the small GTPases OsRAN1and OsRAN2 in the nucleus,and mediated their nuclear export.Loss-of-function osxpo1 mutations were lethal at the seedling stage.Suppression of OsXPO1 expression in RNA interference lines produced multifaceted developmental defects,including arrested growth,premature senescence,abnormal inflorescence,and brown and mouth-opened spikelets.Overexpression of OsXPO1 in rice reduced plant height and seed-setting rate,but increased plant tolerance in response to PEG-mimicked drought stress and salt stress.These results indicate that OsXPO1 is a nuclear export receptor and acts in regulating plant development and abiotic stress responses.展开更多
Paper mulberry is a high-quality woody feed resource plant with high crude protein content.It is widely distributed in China and has excellent characteristics of salt and alkali tolerance.Paper mulberry has ecological...Paper mulberry is a high-quality woody feed resource plant with high crude protein content.It is widely distributed in China and has excellent characteristics of salt and alkali tolerance.Paper mulberry has ecological and economic importance.Salt stress has become a critical factor with the increasing degree of soil salinity that restricts plant growth.In the saline-alkali environments,transcriptome expression is altered leading to phenotypic defects in most plants.However,the regulatory mechanism related to paper mulberry’s salt-stress(SS)response is not clearly understood.In the present study de novo transcriptomic assembly was performed,and gene expression levels were measured between different SS and natural conditions(25℃)as a control for paper mulberry plants.According to the results of our study,under NaCl stress conditions,the differential gene expression was observed in the leaves of paper mulberry compared with the control.A total of 2126 differentially expressed unigenes were observed.Among these unigenes the expression of 812 DEGs was up-regulated and the expression of 1,314 DEGs was down-regulated.Additionally,The GO and KEGG analyses regarding differentially expressed unigenes(DEUs)revealed that the observed critical transcriptomic alterations under salt stress(SS)conditions were associated with primary and secondary metabolism,photosynthesis,and plant hormone signaling pathways.Further investigations such as gene function studies regarding the unigenes depicting altered expression under salt stress conditions in paper mulberry will help understand the mechanism of salt tolerance,and this information can be utilized in paper mulberry breeding and improvement programs.展开更多
Calmodulin(CaM)proteins play a key role in signal transduction under various stresses.In the present study,the effects of a sugarcane ScCaM gene(NCBI accession number:GQ246454)on drought and salt stress tolerance in t...Calmodulin(CaM)proteins play a key role in signal transduction under various stresses.In the present study,the effects of a sugarcane ScCaM gene(NCBI accession number:GQ246454)on drought and salt stress tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana and Escherichia coli cells were evaluated.The results demonstrated a significant negative role of ScCaM in the drought and salt stress tolerance of transgenic lines of A.thaliana,as indicated by the phenotypes.In addition,the expression of AtP5CS and AtRD29A,two genes tightly related to stress resistance,was significantly lower in the overexpression lines than in the wild type.The growth of E.coli BL21 cells expressing ScCaM showed weaker tolerance under mannitol and NaCl stress.Taken together,this study revealed that the ScCaM gene plays a negative regulatory role in both mannitol and NaCl stresses,and it possibly exerts protective mechanisms common in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes under stress conditions.展开更多
Allium senescens,is an important economic and ecological grassland plant with drought-resistant characteristics.A TCP protein transcription factor is important in the regulation of plant development and adverse respon...Allium senescens,is an important economic and ecological grassland plant with drought-resistant characteristics.A TCP protein transcription factor is important in the regulation of plant development and adverse responses.However,the mechanism by which TCP transcription functions in drought resistance in Allium senescens is still not clear.Here,we obtained a total of 190,305 transcripts with 115,562 single gene clusters based on RNA-Seq sequencing of Allium senescens under drought stress.The total number of bases was 97,195,096 bp,and the average length was 841.06 bp.Furthermore,we found that there were eight genes of the TCP family that showed an upregulated expression trend under drought stress in Allium senescens.We carried out an investigation to determine the evolution and function of the AsTCP family and how they produce an effect in drought resistance.The 14 AsTCP genes were confirmed and divided into class I and class II containing CIN and CYC/TBI subfamilies,respectively.We also found that the expression of AsTCP17 was remarkably upregulated with drought treatment.Besides,the transformation of AsTCP17 in Arabidopsis revealed that the protective enzymes,namely polyphenol oxidase(POD)and superoxide dismutase(SOD),were increased by 0.4 and 0.8 times,respectively.Chlorophyll content was also increased,while the H2O2 and malondialdehyde(MDA)contents were decreased.Staining assays with 3,3′-diaminobenzidine(DAB)also suggested that the AsTCP17 downregulates reactive oxygen species(ROS)accumulation.In addition,overexpression of the AsTCP17 affected the accumulation of drought-related hormones in plants,and the synthesis of ABA.The expression of AtSVP and AtNCED3,related ABA synthesis pathway genes,indicated that the level of expression of AtSVP and AtNCED3 was obviously enhanced,with the overexpression of line 6 showing a 20.6-fold and 7.0-fold increase,respectively.Taken together,our findings systematically analyze the AsTCPs family at the transcriptome expression level in Allium senescens,and we also demonstrated that AsTCP17 protein,as a positive regulator,was involved in drought resistance of Allium senescens.In addition,our research contributes to the comprehensive understanding of the drought stress defense mechanism in herbaceous plants.展开更多
Low temperature is one of the adversities threatening the growth and development and reduces the yield of rubber trees.However,molecular mechanisms toward rubber trees in response to low temperature are largely unclea...Low temperature is one of the adversities threatening the growth and development and reduces the yield of rubber trees.However,molecular mechanisms toward rubber trees in response to low temperature are largely unclear.In this study,7,159 and 7,600 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified in‘Reyan 73397’rubber trees.Through GO analysis,the catalytic activity was the representative of the GO term in the only DEGs at the two studied temperatures(room temperature and 4°C,respectively),while KEGG analysis showed that carbon metabolism was the most important grouping under the comparison of these two temperatures.In addition,expression of 9 members of transcription factor MYB family genes were further verified by qRT-PCR,and MYB family genes may play important roles in the regulation of rubber trees under low temperature stress.This study provided a theoretical foundation for(1)revealing the molecular mechanisms of rubber trees in response to low temperature and(2)breeding of tolerant varieties of rubber trees.展开更多
BACKGROUND Peptic ulcer(PU)is an abnormal phenomenon in which there is rupture of the mucosa of the digestive tract,which not only affects patients'normal life but also causes an economic burden due to its high me...BACKGROUND Peptic ulcer(PU)is an abnormal phenomenon in which there is rupture of the mucosa of the digestive tract,which not only affects patients'normal life but also causes an economic burden due to its high medical costs.AIM To investigate the efficacy of pantoprazole(PPZ)plus perforation repair in patients with PU and its effect on the stress response.METHODS The study subjects were 108 PU patients admitted between July 2018 and July 2022,including 58 patients receiving PPZ plus perforation repair[research group(RG)]and 50 patients given simple perforation repair[control group(CG)].The efficacy,somatostatin(SS)concentration,stress reaction[malondialdehyde(MDA),lipid peroxide(LPO)],inflammatory indices[tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,C-reactive protein(CRP),interleukin(IL)-1β],recurrence,and complications(perforation,hemorrhage,and pyloric obstruction)were compared.RESULTS The overall response rate was higher in the RG than in the CG.Patients in the RG and IL-1β were significantly reduced to lower levels than those in the CG.Lower recurrence and complication rates were identified in the RG group.CONCLUSION Therefore,PPZ plus perforation repair is conducive to enhancing treatment outcomes in PU patients,reducing oxidative stress injury and excessive inflammatory reactions,and contributing to low recurrence and complication rates.展开更多
Salt stress is a major environmental stress that threats crop growth and yield.It is of great significance to study the molecular genetic network of plants in response to salt stress and to cultivate salt-tolerant cro...Salt stress is a major environmental stress that threats crop growth and yield.It is of great significance to study the molecular genetic network of plants in response to salt stress and to cultivate salt-tolerant crop varieties for national food security.A study published in Nature Plants,Dr.ZHAO Chunzhao’s group from the CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences(CEMPS),Chinese Academy of Science,uncovers a novel mechanism underlying the coordination of plant growth and salt tolerance in plants.展开更多
BACKGROUND Thoracic surgery for radical resection of lung tumor requires deep anesthesia which can lead to an adverse inflammatory response,loss of hemodynamic stability,and decreased immune function.Herein,we evaluat...BACKGROUND Thoracic surgery for radical resection of lung tumor requires deep anesthesia which can lead to an adverse inflammatory response,loss of hemodynamic stability,and decreased immune function.Herein,we evaluated the feasibility and benefits of ultrasound-guided paravertebral nerve block anesthesia,in combination with general anesthesia,for thoracic surgery for lung cancer.The block was performed by diffusion of anesthetic drugs along the paravertebral space to achieve unilateral multi-segment intercostal nerve and dorsal branch nerve block.AIM To evaluate the application of ultrasound-guided paravertebral nerve block anesthesia for lung cancer surgery to inform practice.METHODS The analysis was based on 140 patients who underwent thoracic surgery for lung cancer at our hospital between January 2018 and May 2020.Patients were randomly allocated to the peripheral+general anesthesia(observation)group(n=74)or to the general anesthesia(control)group(n=66).Patients in the observation group received ultrasound-guided paravertebral nerve block anesthesia combined with general anesthesia,with those in the control group receiving an epidural block combined with general anesthesia.Measured outcomes included the operative and anesthesia times,as well as the mean arterial pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),and blood oxygen saturation(SpO;)measured before surgery,15 min after anesthesia(T1),after intubation,5 min after skin incision,and before extubation(T4).RESULTS The dose of intra-operative use of remifentanil and propofol and the postoperative use of sufentanil was lower in the observation group(1.48±0.43 mg,760.50±92.28 mg,and 72.50±16.62 mg,respectively)than control group(P<0.05).At the four time points of measurement(T1 through T4),MAP and HR values were higher in the observation than control group(MAP,90.20±9.15 mmHg,85.50±7.22 mmHg,88.59±8.15 mmHg,and 90.02±10.02 mmHg,respectively;and HR,72.39±8.22 beats/min,69.03±9.03 beats/min,70.12±8.11 beats/min,and 71.24±9.01 beats/min,respectively;P<0.05).There was no difference in SpO;between the two groups(P>0.05).Postoperative levels of epinephrine,norepinephrine,and dopamine used were significantly lower in the observation than control group(210.20±40.41 pg/mL,230.30±65.58 pg/mL,and 54.49±13.32 pg/mL,respectively;P<0.05).Similarly,the postoperative tumor necrosis factor-αand interleukin-6 levels were lower in the observation(2.43±0.44 pg/mL and 170.03±35.54 pg/mL,respectively)than control group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION Ultrasound-guided paravertebral nerve block anesthesia improved the stress and hemodynamic response in patients undergoing thoracic surgery for lung cancer,with no increase in the rate of adverse events.展开更多
Nudix hydrolases are widely distributed across all classes of organisms and provide the potential capacity to hydrolyze a wide range of organic pyrophosphates. Although Nudix hydrolases are involved in plant detoxific...Nudix hydrolases are widely distributed across all classes of organisms and provide the potential capacity to hydrolyze a wide range of organic pyrophosphates. Although Nudix hydrolases are involved in plant detoxification processes in response to abiotic and biotic stresses, the biological functions of Nudix hydrolases remain largely unclear in grapevine.In the present study, a total of 25 putative grapevine Nudix hydrolases(VvNUDXs) were identified by bioinformatics analysis and classified into eight subfamilies based to their preferred substrates. Both tandem and segmental duplications were responsible for the evolution and expansion of the NUDX gene family in grapevine. To investigate the regulatory roles of VvNUDX genes during growth and development, as well as in response to abiotic and biotic stresses in grapevine, the expression patterns were revealed in publicly available microarray data. The spatial and temporal expression patterns of the VvNUDX genes indicated that they might play important roles in multiple developmental processes. Transcriptome and qRT-PCR analyses showed that ten VvNUDX genes were specifically expressed in grapevine berries, suggesting potential roles in grapevine berry development. Expression and phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that VvNUDX1 and VvNUDX3 might be involved in terpenoid biosynthesis in grapevine. Furthermore,most VvNUDX genes active toward the ADP-ribose/NADH showed different patterns in response to various abiotic and biotic stresses, such as salinity and drought, as well as different types of biotic treatments, such as Erysiphe necator,Bois Noir phytoplasma and leaf-roll-associated virus-3(GLRaV-3). These results indicated that VvNUDX genes were associated with plant detoxification processes in response to abiotic and biotic stresses, and regulate the disease immunity and resistance pathways. The information obtained here may provide good opportunities to explore the physiological functions of VvNUDX genes in berry development and stress response networks in grapevine.展开更多
基金This research was funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD2301505).
文摘Abscisic acid(ABA),hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2)) and ascorbate(AsA)–glutathione(GSH)cycle are widely known for their participation in various stresses.However,the relationship between ABA and H_(2)O_(2) levels and the AsA–GSH cycle under drought stress in wheat has not been studied.In this study,a hydroponic experiment was conducted in wheat seedlings subjected to 15%polyethylene glycol(PEG)6000–induced dehydration.Drought stress caused the rapid accumulation of endogenous ABA and H_(2)O_(2) and significantly decreased the number of root tips compared with the control.The application of ABA significantly increased the number of root tips,whereas the application of H_(2)O_(2) markedly reduced the number of root tips,compared with that under 15%PEG-6000.In addition,drought stress markedly increased the DHA,GSH and GSSG levels,but decreased the AsA levels,AsA/DHA and GSH/GSSG ratios compared with those in the control.The activities of the four enzymes in the AsA–GSH cycle were also markedly increased under drought stress,including glutathione reductase(GR),ascorbate peroxidase(APX),monodehydroascorbate reductase(MDHAR)and dehydroascorbate reductase(DHAR),compared with those in the control.However,the application of an ABA inhibitor significantly inhibited GR,DHAR and APX activities,whereas the application of an H_(2)O_(2) inhibitor significantly inhibited DHAR and MDHAR activities.Furthermore,the application of ABA inhibitor significantly promoted the increases of H_(2)O_(2) and the application of H_(2)O_(2) inhibitor significantly blocked the increases of ABA,compared with those under 15% PEG-6000.Taken together,the results indicated that ABA and H_(2)O_(2) probably interact under drought stress in wheat;and both of them can mediate drought stress by modulating the enzymes in AsA–GSH cycle,where ABA acts as the main regulator of GR,DHAR,and APX activities,and H_(2)O_(2) acts as the main regulator of DHAR and MDHAR activities.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32070438)。
文摘The stress response is essential for animal self-defense and survival. However, species may exhibit stress response variation depending on their specific environmental and selection pressures. Blind cavefish dwell in cave environments, which differ markedly in stressors and resource availability compared to surface aquatic environments. However, whether blind cavefish exhibit differences in stress response as an adaptation to their cave environments remains unclear. Here, we investigated differences in stress response in six closely related Triplophysa species, including three blind cavefish (T. longibarbata, T. jiarongensis, and T. rosa) and three normal-sighted river fish (T. nasobarbatula, T. dongsaiensis, and T. bleekeri). Results showed that blind cavefish exhibited a range of distinct behavioral responses compared to sighted river fish, including greater levels of activity, shorter duration of freezing, absence of erratic movements or thrashing behavior, and opposite behavioral trends over time. Furthermore, the cavefish species demonstrated attenuated increases in metabolic rate in response to stressors related to novel environments. Cave-dwelling T. rosa also exhibited lower basal hypothalamic-pituitary-inter-renal (HPI) axis-related gene expression levels and stress hormone concentrations compared to river-dwelling T. bleekeri. These results suggest that blind cavefish may have lost their behavioral stress response, potentially mediated by a reduction in basal activity of the HPI axis, thus enabling the conservation of energy by reducing unnecessary expenditure in energy-limited caves.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFF1000302,2022YFF1003500, and 2022YFF1002400)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (FRF-IDRY-20-038 and 06500136)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31971958)。
文摘Plant male reproduction is a fine-tuned developmental process that is susceptible to stressful environments and influences crop grain yields.Phytohormone signaling functions in control of plant normal growth and development as well as in response to external stresses,but the interaction or crosstalk among phytohormone signaling,stress response,and male reproduction in plants remains poorly understood.Cross-species comparison among 514 stress-response transcriptomic libraries revealed that ms33-6038,a genic male sterile mutant deficient in the Zm Ms33/Zm GPAT6 gene,displayed an excessive drought stress-like transcriptional reprogramming in anthers triggered mainly by disturbed jasmonic acid(JA)homeostasis.An increased level of JA appeared in Zm Ms33-deficient anthers at both meiotic and postmeiotic stages and activated genes involved in JA biosynthesis and signaling as well as genes functioning in JA-mediated drought response.Excessive accumulation of JA elevated expression level of a gene encoding a WRKY transcription factor that activated the Zm Ms33 promoter.These findings reveal a feedback loop of Zm Ms33-JA-WRKY-Zm Ms33 in controlling male sterility and JA-mediated stress response in maize,shedding light on the crosstalk of stress response and male sterility mediated by phytohormone homeostasis and signaling.
基金the financial support by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFC1504901)Science and technology development project of China Railway 11th Bureau Group Co.,LTD(20210601)+4 种基金Science and technology development project of China Railway Lanzhou Bureau Group Co.,LTD(2021046-2)Science and technology program of Gansu Province(Grant No.21JR7RA739)Science and Technology Development Project of China Railway Research Institute Co.Ltd(2017-KJ008-Z008-XB)Science and technology development project of China Railway Ninth Bureau Group Co.,Ltd(DLF-ML-JSFW-202109)The Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province(NO.ZK[2022]Key018)。
文摘To investigate the stress response characteristics and shear stress transfer mechanism of BFRP(basalt fiber reinforced plastics)anchors under rainfall conditions and to explore the reinforcement effect of BFRP anchors,a comparative indoor physical model test was conducted in this study using loess mudstone slope as a typical case,and multi-attribute response data,such as slope displacement,BFRP anchor strain and axial force,were obtained.Based on the variation law of slope displacement,it can be concluded that the deformation displacement of the slope on the side reinforced by BFRP anchors is smaller than that of slopes reinforced with steel anchors;the bearing capacity of BFRP anchor is given priority in time,and the anchoring effect of BFRP anchor at the top of the slope is given priority,and the axial force value of anchor is characterized by a surface amplification effect in space;the axial force is higher around the anchor head and tends to decay as a negative exponential function as the anchor extends in the direction of the interior of the slope;the shear stress of BFRP anchor and anchorage body are unevenly distributed along the axial direction,with the maximum value occurring in the free section near the slope surface and decreases as the BFRP anchor extends towards the interior of the slope.These results can provide a theoretical basis for the optimal design of BFRP anchors.
基金supported by funding from the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20190239)Huai’an Academy of Agricultural Sciences Initiation and Development of Scientific Research Fund for High-Level Introduced Talents(0062019016B)the Scientific Research Fund Development Project of Huai’an Academy of Agricultural Sciences(HNY202102).
文摘Although tocopherols are essential for rice development,the molecular details by which their absence affects development remain to be determined.To study how tocopherols function during rice development,we performed a transcriptome deep sequencing(RNA-seq)analysis of the rice cultivar Nipponbare(Nip)and the tocopherol-deficient mutant small grain and dwarf 1-2(sgd1-2).We identified 563 differentially expressed genes that were enriched in Gene Ontology categories associated with metabolism,stress,cellular responses,and transcriptional regulation.We determined that the total fatty acid composition of Nip and sgd1-2 was comparable,although cell membrane penetrability in sgd1-2 was significantly higher than in Nip under optimal growth conditions,indicating that tocopherol deficiency induces cell membrane damage.The expression levels of dehydration-responsive element binding 1(DREB1)genes and free proline content in sgd1-2 were also higher than those in Nip.We also showed that the DELLA protein SLENDER RICE1(SLR1)accumulated in sgd1-2,resulting in significant changes in the global transcriptome.Our study confirms that the lack of tocopherol accumulation in rice induced ectopic stress responses and limited growth by enhancing SLR1 abundance through increasing SLR1 transcript levels.These results provide new insights into tocopherol during rice development.
文摘BACKGROUND Radical surgery is a common treatment for patients with gastric cancer;however,it can lead to postoperative complications and intestinal barrier dysfunction.Ultrasound-guided quadratus lumborum block is often used for postoperative analgesia,but its effects on stress response and intestinal barrier function are not well understood.AIM To investigate the effects of an ultrasound-guided quadratus lumborum block on stress response and intestinal barrier function in patients undergoing radical surgery for gastric cancer.METHODS A total of 100 patients undergoing radical surgery for gastric cancer were randomly categorized into observation and control groups.Plasma adrenaline and cortisol levels,intestinal mucosal barrier indexes,and complication rates were compared between the two groups before,during,and 1 day after surgery.RESULTS The observation group had significantly lower plasma adrenaline and cortisol levels during surgery and at 1 day postoperatively than that of the control group(P<0.05).Additionally,intestinal barrier indexes(endotoxin and D-dimer)at 1 day postoperatively were significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Ultrasound-guided quadratus lumborum block could reduce stress response,protect intestinal barrier function,and decrease the incidence of complications in patients undergoing radical surgery for gastric cancer.This technique has the potential for clinical applications.
基金Supported by Project of Guangxi Health and Health Commission,No.Z20201268。
文摘BACKGROUND Radical gastrectomy(RG)is commonly used in the treatment of patients with gastric cancer(GC),but this procedure may lead to stress responses,postoperative cognitive dysfunction,and blood coagulation abnormalities in patients.AIM To investigate the influences of dexmedetomidine(DEX)on stress responses and postoperative cognitive and coagulation functions in patients undergoing RG under general anesthesia(GA).METHODS One hundred and two patients undergoing RG for GC under GA from February 2020 to February 2022 were retrospectively reviewed.Of these,50 patients had received conventional anesthesia intervention[control group(CG)]and 52 patients had received DEX in addition to routine anesthesia intervention[observation group(OG)].Inflammatory factor(IFs;tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α;interleukin-6,IL-6),stress responses(cortisol,Cor;adrenocorticotropic hormone,ACTH),cognitive function(CF;Mini-Mental State Examination,MMSE),neurological function(neuron-specific enolase,NSE;S100 calciumbinding protein B,S100B),and coagulation function(prothrombin time,PT;thromboxane B2,TXB2;fibrinogen,FIB)were compared between the two groups before surgery(T0),as well as at 6 h(T1)and 24 h(T2)after surgery.RESULTS Compared with T0,TNF-α,IL-6,Cor,ACTH,NSE,S100B,PT,TXB2,and FIB showed a significant increase in both groups at T1 and T2,but with even lower levels in OG vs CG.Both groups showed a significant reduction in the MMSE score at T1 and T2 compared with T0,but the MMSE score was notably higher in OG compared with CG.CONCLUSION In addition to a potent inhibitory effect on postoperative IFs and stress responses in GC patients undergoing RG under GA,DEX may also alleviate the coagulation dysfunction and improve the postoperative CF of these patients.
基金supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education(Grant No.2017R1D1A1B03030725).
文摘Small ubiquitin-like modifier(SUMO)E3 ligases that facilitate the conjugation of SUMO proteins to target substrates contain an SP-RING domain which is like the RING domain found in ubiquitin E3 ligases.In this study,we isolated and characterized the Oryza sativa protein inhibitor of activated STAT like1(OsPIAL1)containing SP-RING domains,as the rice homolog of Arabidopsis PIALs.OsPIAL1 interacts with OsSUMO proteins but does not interact with rice SUMO-conjugating enzymes(OsSCEs).An analysis of transgenic rice plant shows that OsPIAL1 is involved in SUMO conjugation to SCEs but not in SUMO conjugation to substrates.In addition,this OsPIAL1 activity requires drought stress conditions.Expression profiles show that the OsPIAL1 gene is induced by only drought stress in the leaves,whereas it is repressed by ABA and abiotic stresses in the roots.Salt stress leads to the fastest decrease in OsPIAL1 transcripts in the roots.Furthermore,the stress experiments indicate that the transgenic rice plants overexpressing OsPIAL1 exhibit a drought stress-tolerant phenotype but a salt stress hypersensitive phenotype.Our results and those from Arabidopsis pial mutants suggest that PIALs act as a positive regulator in the drought stress response but as a negative regulator in the salt stress response.
基金This review was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFD2100101)the National Natural Science Foundation of China to G.Z.(Grant No.32302623)+1 种基金the Joint NSFC-ISF Research Program(Grant No.32061143022)the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(Grant No.32172639).
文摘With the advent of advanced sequencing technologies,non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs)are increasingly pivotal and play highly regulated roles in the modulation of diverse aspects of plant growth and stress response.This includes a spectrum of ncRNA classes,ranging from small RNAs to long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs).Notably,among these,lncRNAs emerge as significant and intricate components within the broader ncRNA regulatory networks.Here,we categorize ncRNAs based on their length and structure into small RNAs,medium-sized ncRNAs,lncRNAs,and circle RNAs.Furthermore,the review delves into the detailed biosynthesis and origin of these ncRNAs.Subsequently,we emphasize the diverse regulatory mechanisms employed by lncRNAs that are located at various gene regions of coding genes,embodying promoters,5’UTRs,introns,exons,and 3’UTR regions.Furthermore,we elucidate these regulatory modes through one or two concrete examples.Besides,lncRNAs have emerged as novel central components that participate in phase separation processes.Moreover,we illustrate the coordinated regulatory mechanisms among lncRNAs,miRNAs,and siRNAs with a particular emphasis on the central role of lncRNAs in serving as sponges,precursors,spliceosome,stabilization,scaffolds,or interaction factors to bridge interactions with other ncRNAs.The review also sheds light on the intriguing possibility that some ncRNAs may encode functional micropeptides.Therefore,the review underscores the emergent roles of ncRNAs as potent regulatory factors that significantly enrich the regulatory network governing plant growth,development,and responses to environmental stimuli.There are yet-to-be-discovered roles of ncRNAs waiting for us to explore.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD1000704/2018YFD1000700,2022YFD1201704/2022YFD1201700)the Central Guidance on Local Science and Technology Development Fund of Shandong Province(YDZX2021008)the Agricultural Fine Seed Project of Shandong Province(2021LZGC006)。
文摘Foxtail millet(Setaria italica L.),a member of the Paniceae family,is a temperate and tropical grass species that is widely cultivated on the Eurasian continent.It is Chinese in origin and possesses a small genome,short growth cycle,and strong natural abiotic stress resistance.Elucidating the mechanism of millet tolerance to salt stress is becoming increasingly important with increasing soil salinization limiting crop productivity.The responses and mechanisms of tolerance to salt stress from other model plants such as Arabidopsis and rice,were compared with those from foxtail millet to summarize current research on responses to salt stress.Numerous processes are involved in these processes,including physiological reactions,sensing,signaling,and control at the transcriptional,post-transcriptional,and epigenetic levels.To increase crop productivity and agricultural sustainability,a variety of technologies can be used to investigate how salt tolerance is mediated by physiological and molecular processes in foxtail millet.
基金supported by Start-Up Funding from Shanghai University and the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31970289).
文摘Gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA)is a ubiquitous four-carbon non-protein amino acid that is involved in various physiological processes of plant growth and development,such as root architecture,stem elongation,leaf senescence,pollen tube growth,fruit ripening,and seed germination.GABA is also related to plant stress responses,such as drought,salt,cold,and heat stresses.Regulation of GABA in plant stress responses is complex and involves multiple signaling pathways,including calcium and hormone signaling.This paper systematically reviews the synthesis,metabolic pathways and regulatory role of GABA in plants,which will provide new insights into the understanding of plant growth and stress responses and offer novel strategies for improving crop productivity and stress.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(2020YFA0907600)the Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture Project(NZ2021004)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2020A1515010157)the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou(202102080499)。
文摘The transport of proteins to and from the nucleus is necessary for many cellular processes and is one of the ways plants respond to developmental signals and environmental stresses.Nucleocytoplasmic trafficking of proteins is mediated by the nuclear transport receptor(NTR).Although NTR has been extensively studied in humans and Arabidopsis,it has rarely been identified and functionally characterized in rice.In this study,we identified exportin 1 in rice(OsXPO1)as a nuclear export receptor.OsXPO1shares high protein identity with its functional homologs in Arabidopsis and other organisms.OsXPO1localized to both the nucleus and the cytoplasm,directly interacted with the small GTPases OsRAN1and OsRAN2 in the nucleus,and mediated their nuclear export.Loss-of-function osxpo1 mutations were lethal at the seedling stage.Suppression of OsXPO1 expression in RNA interference lines produced multifaceted developmental defects,including arrested growth,premature senescence,abnormal inflorescence,and brown and mouth-opened spikelets.Overexpression of OsXPO1 in rice reduced plant height and seed-setting rate,but increased plant tolerance in response to PEG-mimicked drought stress and salt stress.These results indicate that OsXPO1 is a nuclear export receptor and acts in regulating plant development and abiotic stress responses.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31600552).
文摘Paper mulberry is a high-quality woody feed resource plant with high crude protein content.It is widely distributed in China and has excellent characteristics of salt and alkali tolerance.Paper mulberry has ecological and economic importance.Salt stress has become a critical factor with the increasing degree of soil salinity that restricts plant growth.In the saline-alkali environments,transcriptome expression is altered leading to phenotypic defects in most plants.However,the regulatory mechanism related to paper mulberry’s salt-stress(SS)response is not clearly understood.In the present study de novo transcriptomic assembly was performed,and gene expression levels were measured between different SS and natural conditions(25℃)as a control for paper mulberry plants.According to the results of our study,under NaCl stress conditions,the differential gene expression was observed in the leaves of paper mulberry compared with the control.A total of 2126 differentially expressed unigenes were observed.Among these unigenes the expression of 812 DEGs was up-regulated and the expression of 1,314 DEGs was down-regulated.Additionally,The GO and KEGG analyses regarding differentially expressed unigenes(DEUs)revealed that the observed critical transcriptomic alterations under salt stress(SS)conditions were associated with primary and secondary metabolism,photosynthesis,and plant hormone signaling pathways.Further investigations such as gene function studies regarding the unigenes depicting altered expression under salt stress conditions in paper mulberry will help understand the mechanism of salt tolerance,and this information can be utilized in paper mulberry breeding and improvement programs.
基金This research was funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province,China(2018J01470 and 2021J01137)Scientific research projects of introducing talents in Wuyi University(YJ202109)+2 种基金Special fund for scientific and technological innovation of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(CXZX2020081A)China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-17)The funders had no role in the study design,data collection,and analysis,decision to publish,or preparation of the manuscript.
文摘Calmodulin(CaM)proteins play a key role in signal transduction under various stresses.In the present study,the effects of a sugarcane ScCaM gene(NCBI accession number:GQ246454)on drought and salt stress tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana and Escherichia coli cells were evaluated.The results demonstrated a significant negative role of ScCaM in the drought and salt stress tolerance of transgenic lines of A.thaliana,as indicated by the phenotypes.In addition,the expression of AtP5CS and AtRD29A,two genes tightly related to stress resistance,was significantly lower in the overexpression lines than in the wild type.The growth of E.coli BL21 cells expressing ScCaM showed weaker tolerance under mannitol and NaCl stress.Taken together,this study revealed that the ScCaM gene plays a negative regulatory role in both mannitol and NaCl stresses,and it possibly exerts protective mechanisms common in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes under stress conditions.
基金supported by the Hebei Grass Industry Innovation Team of the Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System(HBCT2018050204).
文摘Allium senescens,is an important economic and ecological grassland plant with drought-resistant characteristics.A TCP protein transcription factor is important in the regulation of plant development and adverse responses.However,the mechanism by which TCP transcription functions in drought resistance in Allium senescens is still not clear.Here,we obtained a total of 190,305 transcripts with 115,562 single gene clusters based on RNA-Seq sequencing of Allium senescens under drought stress.The total number of bases was 97,195,096 bp,and the average length was 841.06 bp.Furthermore,we found that there were eight genes of the TCP family that showed an upregulated expression trend under drought stress in Allium senescens.We carried out an investigation to determine the evolution and function of the AsTCP family and how they produce an effect in drought resistance.The 14 AsTCP genes were confirmed and divided into class I and class II containing CIN and CYC/TBI subfamilies,respectively.We also found that the expression of AsTCP17 was remarkably upregulated with drought treatment.Besides,the transformation of AsTCP17 in Arabidopsis revealed that the protective enzymes,namely polyphenol oxidase(POD)and superoxide dismutase(SOD),were increased by 0.4 and 0.8 times,respectively.Chlorophyll content was also increased,while the H2O2 and malondialdehyde(MDA)contents were decreased.Staining assays with 3,3′-diaminobenzidine(DAB)also suggested that the AsTCP17 downregulates reactive oxygen species(ROS)accumulation.In addition,overexpression of the AsTCP17 affected the accumulation of drought-related hormones in plants,and the synthesis of ABA.The expression of AtSVP and AtNCED3,related ABA synthesis pathway genes,indicated that the level of expression of AtSVP and AtNCED3 was obviously enhanced,with the overexpression of line 6 showing a 20.6-fold and 7.0-fold increase,respectively.Taken together,our findings systematically analyze the AsTCPs family at the transcriptome expression level in Allium senescens,and we also demonstrated that AsTCP17 protein,as a positive regulator,was involved in drought resistance of Allium senescens.In addition,our research contributes to the comprehensive understanding of the drought stress defense mechanism in herbaceous plants.
基金supported by the following grants:the National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFD1000500)the National Natural Science Foundations of Shandong Province(ZR2020MC138)the Agricultural Variety Improvement Project of Shandong Province(2020LZGC007).
文摘Low temperature is one of the adversities threatening the growth and development and reduces the yield of rubber trees.However,molecular mechanisms toward rubber trees in response to low temperature are largely unclear.In this study,7,159 and 7,600 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified in‘Reyan 73397’rubber trees.Through GO analysis,the catalytic activity was the representative of the GO term in the only DEGs at the two studied temperatures(room temperature and 4°C,respectively),while KEGG analysis showed that carbon metabolism was the most important grouping under the comparison of these two temperatures.In addition,expression of 9 members of transcription factor MYB family genes were further verified by qRT-PCR,and MYB family genes may play important roles in the regulation of rubber trees under low temperature stress.This study provided a theoretical foundation for(1)revealing the molecular mechanisms of rubber trees in response to low temperature and(2)breeding of tolerant varieties of rubber trees.
文摘BACKGROUND Peptic ulcer(PU)is an abnormal phenomenon in which there is rupture of the mucosa of the digestive tract,which not only affects patients'normal life but also causes an economic burden due to its high medical costs.AIM To investigate the efficacy of pantoprazole(PPZ)plus perforation repair in patients with PU and its effect on the stress response.METHODS The study subjects were 108 PU patients admitted between July 2018 and July 2022,including 58 patients receiving PPZ plus perforation repair[research group(RG)]and 50 patients given simple perforation repair[control group(CG)].The efficacy,somatostatin(SS)concentration,stress reaction[malondialdehyde(MDA),lipid peroxide(LPO)],inflammatory indices[tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,C-reactive protein(CRP),interleukin(IL)-1β],recurrence,and complications(perforation,hemorrhage,and pyloric obstruction)were compared.RESULTS The overall response rate was higher in the RG than in the CG.Patients in the RG and IL-1β were significantly reduced to lower levels than those in the CG.Lower recurrence and complication rates were identified in the RG group.CONCLUSION Therefore,PPZ plus perforation repair is conducive to enhancing treatment outcomes in PU patients,reducing oxidative stress injury and excessive inflammatory reactions,and contributing to low recurrence and complication rates.
文摘Salt stress is a major environmental stress that threats crop growth and yield.It is of great significance to study the molecular genetic network of plants in response to salt stress and to cultivate salt-tolerant crop varieties for national food security.A study published in Nature Plants,Dr.ZHAO Chunzhao’s group from the CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences(CEMPS),Chinese Academy of Science,uncovers a novel mechanism underlying the coordination of plant growth and salt tolerance in plants.
文摘BACKGROUND Thoracic surgery for radical resection of lung tumor requires deep anesthesia which can lead to an adverse inflammatory response,loss of hemodynamic stability,and decreased immune function.Herein,we evaluated the feasibility and benefits of ultrasound-guided paravertebral nerve block anesthesia,in combination with general anesthesia,for thoracic surgery for lung cancer.The block was performed by diffusion of anesthetic drugs along the paravertebral space to achieve unilateral multi-segment intercostal nerve and dorsal branch nerve block.AIM To evaluate the application of ultrasound-guided paravertebral nerve block anesthesia for lung cancer surgery to inform practice.METHODS The analysis was based on 140 patients who underwent thoracic surgery for lung cancer at our hospital between January 2018 and May 2020.Patients were randomly allocated to the peripheral+general anesthesia(observation)group(n=74)or to the general anesthesia(control)group(n=66).Patients in the observation group received ultrasound-guided paravertebral nerve block anesthesia combined with general anesthesia,with those in the control group receiving an epidural block combined with general anesthesia.Measured outcomes included the operative and anesthesia times,as well as the mean arterial pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),and blood oxygen saturation(SpO;)measured before surgery,15 min after anesthesia(T1),after intubation,5 min after skin incision,and before extubation(T4).RESULTS The dose of intra-operative use of remifentanil and propofol and the postoperative use of sufentanil was lower in the observation group(1.48±0.43 mg,760.50±92.28 mg,and 72.50±16.62 mg,respectively)than control group(P<0.05).At the four time points of measurement(T1 through T4),MAP and HR values were higher in the observation than control group(MAP,90.20±9.15 mmHg,85.50±7.22 mmHg,88.59±8.15 mmHg,and 90.02±10.02 mmHg,respectively;and HR,72.39±8.22 beats/min,69.03±9.03 beats/min,70.12±8.11 beats/min,and 71.24±9.01 beats/min,respectively;P<0.05).There was no difference in SpO;between the two groups(P>0.05).Postoperative levels of epinephrine,norepinephrine,and dopamine used were significantly lower in the observation than control group(210.20±40.41 pg/mL,230.30±65.58 pg/mL,and 54.49±13.32 pg/mL,respectively;P<0.05).Similarly,the postoperative tumor necrosis factor-αand interleukin-6 levels were lower in the observation(2.43±0.44 pg/mL and 170.03±35.54 pg/mL,respectively)than control group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION Ultrasound-guided paravertebral nerve block anesthesia improved the stress and hemodynamic response in patients undergoing thoracic surgery for lung cancer,with no increase in the rate of adverse events.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFD100140502)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC+3 种基金32002005 and 31801809)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2019M661866)the Breeding Plan of Shandong Provincial Qingchuang Research Team(2019)the High-level Scientific Research Foundation of Qingdao Agricultural University,China(665/1118011 and 665/1119002)。
文摘Nudix hydrolases are widely distributed across all classes of organisms and provide the potential capacity to hydrolyze a wide range of organic pyrophosphates. Although Nudix hydrolases are involved in plant detoxification processes in response to abiotic and biotic stresses, the biological functions of Nudix hydrolases remain largely unclear in grapevine.In the present study, a total of 25 putative grapevine Nudix hydrolases(VvNUDXs) were identified by bioinformatics analysis and classified into eight subfamilies based to their preferred substrates. Both tandem and segmental duplications were responsible for the evolution and expansion of the NUDX gene family in grapevine. To investigate the regulatory roles of VvNUDX genes during growth and development, as well as in response to abiotic and biotic stresses in grapevine, the expression patterns were revealed in publicly available microarray data. The spatial and temporal expression patterns of the VvNUDX genes indicated that they might play important roles in multiple developmental processes. Transcriptome and qRT-PCR analyses showed that ten VvNUDX genes were specifically expressed in grapevine berries, suggesting potential roles in grapevine berry development. Expression and phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that VvNUDX1 and VvNUDX3 might be involved in terpenoid biosynthesis in grapevine. Furthermore,most VvNUDX genes active toward the ADP-ribose/NADH showed different patterns in response to various abiotic and biotic stresses, such as salinity and drought, as well as different types of biotic treatments, such as Erysiphe necator,Bois Noir phytoplasma and leaf-roll-associated virus-3(GLRaV-3). These results indicated that VvNUDX genes were associated with plant detoxification processes in response to abiotic and biotic stresses, and regulate the disease immunity and resistance pathways. The information obtained here may provide good opportunities to explore the physiological functions of VvNUDX genes in berry development and stress response networks in grapevine.
