Aqueous zinc ion batteries(AZIBs) demonstrate tremendous competitiveness and application prospects because of their abundant resources,low cost, high safety, and environmental friendliness. Although the advanced elect...Aqueous zinc ion batteries(AZIBs) demonstrate tremendous competitiveness and application prospects because of their abundant resources,low cost, high safety, and environmental friendliness. Although the advanced electrochemical energy storage systems based on zinc ion batteries have been greatly developed, many severe problems associated with Zn anode impede its practical application, such as the dendrite formation,hydrogen evolution, corrosion and passivation phenomenon. To address these drawbacks, electrolytes, separators, zinc alloys, interfacial modification and structural design of Zn anode have been employed at present by scientists. Among them, the structural design for zinc anode is relatively mature, which is generally believed to enhance the electroactive surface area of zinc anode, reduce local current density, and promote the uniform distribution of zinc ions on the surface of anode. In order to explore new research directions, it is crucial to systematically summarize the structural design of anode materials. Herein, this review focuses on the challenges in Zn anode, modification strategies and the three-dimensional(3D) structure design of substrate materials for Zn anode including carbon substrate materials, metal substrate materials and other substrate materials. Finally, future directions and perspectives about the Zn anode are presented for developing high-performance AZIBs.展开更多
Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)spectroscopy has renowned its fame for the ultra‐high sensitivity and single‐molecule detection ability,and listed as a fingerprint spectrum representative in various trace de...Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)spectroscopy has renowned its fame for the ultra‐high sensitivity and single‐molecule detection ability,and listed as a fingerprint spectrum representative in various trace detection fields.Considerable efforts have been made by researchers to design high‐sensitive SERS‐active substrates ranging from noble metals to semiconductors.This review summarizes the fundamental theories for SERS technique,that is,the electromagnetic enhancement mechanism and chemical enhancement mechanism and the state‐of‐the‐art design strategies for noble metal and semiconductor substrates.It also sheds light on the effective approaches to improve the SERS activity for noble metal substrates,that is,tuning the localized surface plasmon resonance position,the assembling of hot spots,and precise controlling of nanogaps.Although charge transfer is considered as the main reason for the enhancement mechanism for semiconductors at the present stage,the underlying theoretical basis remains mysterious.This review summarized the critical points for SERS‐active substrates design and prospected the future development direction of SERS technology.展开更多
Here,a novel Au Wedge-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(WERS)substrate is proposed.The electric field enhancement factor and the effective mode field radius with varying geometry parameters are investigated.The proper excit...Here,a novel Au Wedge-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(WERS)substrate is proposed.The electric field enhancement factor and the effective mode field radius with varying geometry parameters are investigated.The proper excitation wavelength 633 nm is obtained.The practical application of WERS substrate is discussed.The Au WERS not only can provide a continuous extremely highly localized electric field as surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)hotspots,but also can offer 10 orders of magnitude of SERS enhancement factor.The corresponding results reveal that WERS substrate will be widely applied in optics,biology,chemistry and other fields.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants Nos. 52064013, 52064014, 52072323 and 52122211)the “Double-First Class” Foundation of Materials and Intelligent Manufacturing Discipline of Xiamen University。
文摘Aqueous zinc ion batteries(AZIBs) demonstrate tremendous competitiveness and application prospects because of their abundant resources,low cost, high safety, and environmental friendliness. Although the advanced electrochemical energy storage systems based on zinc ion batteries have been greatly developed, many severe problems associated with Zn anode impede its practical application, such as the dendrite formation,hydrogen evolution, corrosion and passivation phenomenon. To address these drawbacks, electrolytes, separators, zinc alloys, interfacial modification and structural design of Zn anode have been employed at present by scientists. Among them, the structural design for zinc anode is relatively mature, which is generally believed to enhance the electroactive surface area of zinc anode, reduce local current density, and promote the uniform distribution of zinc ions on the surface of anode. In order to explore new research directions, it is crucial to systematically summarize the structural design of anode materials. Herein, this review focuses on the challenges in Zn anode, modification strategies and the three-dimensional(3D) structure design of substrate materials for Zn anode including carbon substrate materials, metal substrate materials and other substrate materials. Finally, future directions and perspectives about the Zn anode are presented for developing high-performance AZIBs.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:21875008,51801007,51876008,52022006Beijing Natural Science Foundation,Grant/Award Number:3202020。
文摘Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)spectroscopy has renowned its fame for the ultra‐high sensitivity and single‐molecule detection ability,and listed as a fingerprint spectrum representative in various trace detection fields.Considerable efforts have been made by researchers to design high‐sensitive SERS‐active substrates ranging from noble metals to semiconductors.This review summarizes the fundamental theories for SERS technique,that is,the electromagnetic enhancement mechanism and chemical enhancement mechanism and the state‐of‐the‐art design strategies for noble metal and semiconductor substrates.It also sheds light on the effective approaches to improve the SERS activity for noble metal substrates,that is,tuning the localized surface plasmon resonance position,the assembling of hot spots,and precise controlling of nanogaps.Although charge transfer is considered as the main reason for the enhancement mechanism for semiconductors at the present stage,the underlying theoretical basis remains mysterious.This review summarized the critical points for SERS‐active substrates design and prospected the future development direction of SERS technology.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61905100)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.lzujbky-2020-65)。
文摘Here,a novel Au Wedge-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(WERS)substrate is proposed.The electric field enhancement factor and the effective mode field radius with varying geometry parameters are investigated.The proper excitation wavelength 633 nm is obtained.The practical application of WERS substrate is discussed.The Au WERS not only can provide a continuous extremely highly localized electric field as surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)hotspots,but also can offer 10 orders of magnitude of SERS enhancement factor.The corresponding results reveal that WERS substrate will be widely applied in optics,biology,chemistry and other fields.
