MicroRNAs（miRNAs） are a population of highly conserved specific small ribo-regulators that negatively regulate gene expressions in both plants and animals.They play a key role in post-transcriptional gene regulation...MicroRNAs（miRNAs） are a population of highly conserved specific small ribo-regulators that negatively regulate gene expressions in both plants and animals.They play a key role in post-transcriptional gene regulation by destabilizing the target gene transcripts or blocking protein translation from them.Interestingly,these negative regulators are largely compromised by an upstream layer of negative regulators ＂target mimics＂ found in plants or ＂endogenous competing RNAs＂ revealed recently in animals.These endogenous regulatory mechanisms of ＂double negatives making a positive＂ have now been developed into a key strategy in the study of small RNA functions. This review presents some reflections on the long journey to the short tandem target mimic（STTM） for selective destruction/blockage of specific miRNAs in plants and animals,and the potential applications of STTM are discussed.展开更多
Long noncoding RNAs （IncRNAs） participate in the regulation of multiple biological processes via diverse manners, one of which is functioning as endogenous target mimics （eTMs） to modulate microRNAs （miRNAs） by ...Long noncoding RNAs （IncRNAs） participate in the regulation of multiple biological processes via diverse manners, one of which is functioning as endogenous target mimics （eTMs） to modulate microRNAs （miRNAs） by competing for their targets. Previously, we have predicted one IncRNA （osa-eTM160） as an endogenous repressor of osa-miR160 and validated the target mimicry ability of osa-eTM160 for ath-miR160 in Arabidopsis thaliana, yet the functions of osa-eTM160 in rice remain obscure. Here, we demonstrated that osa-eTM160 attenuated the repression of osa-miR160 on osa-ARF18 mRNAs during early anther developmental stages through the target mimicry manner, therefore to regulate rice seed setting and seed size. These findings revealed the roles of osa-eTM160 in rice, and indicated that lncRNAs with eTM functions may serve as temporal regulators to modulate the effects of miRNAs at specific developmental stages.展开更多
基金Work done in Guiliang Tang's lab was supported,in whole or in part,by USDA National Research Initiative grants(2006- 35301-17115 and 2006-35100-17433)the National Science Foundation grants(MCB-0718029:Subaward No.S-00000260 and IOS-1048216/IOS-1219316)+1 种基金the startup of Michigan Technological UniversityWork done in Xiaoqing Tang's lab was supported in part by the National Institutes of Health(K01 DK078648 and R03 DK084166)
文摘MicroRNAs（miRNAs） are a population of highly conserved specific small ribo-regulators that negatively regulate gene expressions in both plants and animals.They play a key role in post-transcriptional gene regulation by destabilizing the target gene transcripts or blocking protein translation from them.Interestingly,these negative regulators are largely compromised by an upstream layer of negative regulators ＂target mimics＂ found in plants or ＂endogenous competing RNAs＂ revealed recently in animals.These endogenous regulatory mechanisms of ＂double negatives making a positive＂ have now been developed into a key strategy in the study of small RNA functions. This review presents some reflections on the long journey to the short tandem target mimic（STTM） for selective destruction/blockage of specific miRNAs in plants and animals,and the potential applications of STTM are discussed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31371318 to M.W.)the State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics(SKLPG2011B0105 to X.-J.W.)Youth Innovation Promotion Association Grant from Chinese Academy of Sciences(to M.W.)
文摘Long noncoding RNAs （IncRNAs） participate in the regulation of multiple biological processes via diverse manners, one of which is functioning as endogenous target mimics （eTMs） to modulate microRNAs （miRNAs） by competing for their targets. Previously, we have predicted one IncRNA （osa-eTM160） as an endogenous repressor of osa-miR160 and validated the target mimicry ability of osa-eTM160 for ath-miR160 in Arabidopsis thaliana, yet the functions of osa-eTM160 in rice remain obscure. Here, we demonstrated that osa-eTM160 attenuated the repression of osa-miR160 on osa-ARF18 mRNAs during early anther developmental stages through the target mimicry manner, therefore to regulate rice seed setting and seed size. These findings revealed the roles of osa-eTM160 in rice, and indicated that lncRNAs with eTM functions may serve as temporal regulators to modulate the effects of miRNAs at specific developmental stages.
