Long-lasting SrAl2O4∶Eu, Dy phosphor was successfully prepared from a mesoporous precursor. The precursor was synthesized by templating method using nonionic Polyethylene Oxide (PEO) as surfactants, which was proved ...Long-lasting SrAl2O4∶Eu, Dy phosphor was successfully prepared from a mesoporous precursor. The precursor was synthesized by templating method using nonionic Polyethylene Oxide (PEO) as surfactants, which was proved by TG-DTG, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis. The analysis results indicated that regular cylindrical-to-hexagonal shaped pores with several nanometers were obtained. The structure and morphology of the SrAl2O4∶Eu, Dy phosphor by templating method was characterized by XRD and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The XRD results showed that a pure SrAl2O4 phase formed at 900 ℃ by templating method. The SEM morphologies of the obtained phosphors prepared by templating synthesis were uniform and porous multicrystalline with average diameter size of 5 μm. The broad-band UV-excited SrAl2O4∶Eu, Dy phosphor derived from a mosoporous precursor was observed at λmax=515 nm due to the transitions from the 4f65d1 to the 4f7 configurations of Eu2+ ion. The main excitation and emission intensity of the phosphor with this method were stronger than that obtained by solid state reaction method. And the obtained long-lasting phosphor with this method revealed a better afterglow compared to the phosphor prepared through solid state reaction method.展开更多
Transition metal phosphides(TMPs)have been regarded as alternative hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)catalysts owing to their comparable activity to those of noble metal-based catalysts...Transition metal phosphides(TMPs)have been regarded as alternative hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)catalysts owing to their comparable activity to those of noble metal-based catalysts.TMPs have been produced in various morphologies,including hollow and porous nanostructures,which are features deemed desirable for electrocatalytic materials.Templated synthesis routes are often responsible for such morphologies.This paper reviews the latest advances and existing challenges in the synthesis of TMP-based OER and HER catalysts through templated methods.A comprehensive review of the structure-property-performance of TMP-based HER and OER catalysts prepared using different templates is presented.The discussion proceeds according to application,first by HER and further divided among the types of templates used-from hard templates,sacrificial templates,and soft templates to the emerging dynamic hydrogen bubble template.OER catalysts are then reviewed and grouped according to their morphology.Finally,prospective research directions for the synthesis of hollow and porous TMP-based catalysts,such as improvements on both activity and stability of TMPs,design of environmentally benign templates and processes,and analysis of the reaction mechanism through advanced material characterization techniques and theoretical calculations,are suggested.展开更多
The present paper covers the synthesis of ZSM-35 molecular sieve with 1,6-hexanediamine as templating agent,the influence of the synthesis conditions, and a discussion concerning the crystal structures of the products.
The anodic porous alumina membranes with a definite pore diameter and aspect ratio were used as templates tosynthesize polymer pillared layer structures. The pillared polymer was produced in the template membrane pore...The anodic porous alumina membranes with a definite pore diameter and aspect ratio were used as templates tosynthesize polymer pillared layer structures. The pillared polymer was produced in the template membrane pores, and thelayer on the template surfaces. Rigid cured epoxy resin, polystyrene and soft hydrogel were chosen to confirm themethodology. The pillars were in the form of either tubes or fibers, which were controlled by the alumina membrane pore surface wettability. The structural features were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy results.展开更多
To improve the adsorption properties of chemically modified chitosan, the chelating resin of salicylal chitosan Schiff bases was prepared by the template cross-linking method using Cu（Ⅱ） as template ion and ethylen...To improve the adsorption properties of chemically modified chitosan, the chelating resin of salicylal chitosan Schiff bases was prepared by the template cross-linking method using Cu（Ⅱ） as template ion and ethylene glycol bisglycidyl ether as cross-linking agent in microwave, and was characterized by IR. The adsorption capacity and selectivity coefficient of the chemically modified chitosan for Cu（Ⅱ）, Fe（Ⅲ） and Zn（Ⅱ） were investigated, respectively. The results show that the adsorption capacity of the resin 2.73 mmol/g for Cu（Ⅱ） is bigger than that for other two metal ions, 0.22 mmol/g for Fe（Ⅲ）, and 0.42 mmol/g for Zn（Ⅱ）, and the selectivity coefficients are as follows: KCu（Ⅱ）/Fe（Ⅲ）=12.4, KCu（Ⅱ）/Zn（Ⅱ）=6.5.展开更多
A novel coordination polymer [(C8H20N)(Ag2I3)]n ([C8H20N]+ = tetraethyl ammo- nium (TEA)) was synthesized by the reaction of AgI and C8H20NI at room temperature with pH = 6.5, and structurally characterized by means o...A novel coordination polymer [(C8H20N)(Ag2I3)]n ([C8H20N]+ = tetraethyl ammo- nium (TEA)) was synthesized by the reaction of AgI and C8H20NI at room temperature with pH = 6.5, and structurally characterized by means of X-ray single-crystal diffraction. It crystallizes in orthorhombic, space group Pna21 with a = 7.3323(9), b = 18.250(2), c =12.5294(15) ?, C6.33H16.16NAg2I3, Mr = 702.76, V = 1676.6(4) ?3, Z = 4, Dc = 2.784 g/cm3, F(000) = 1256.6, μ(MoKα) = 7.828 mm-1, the final R = 0.0529 and wR = 0.1586 for 1189 observed reflections with I > 2σ(I). X-ray analysis shows that the [Ag2I3]n- chain is built up by AgI4 tetrahedron and in combination with quaternary ammonium cations ([C8H20N]+) by static attractive forces to form the so-called organic-inorganic hybrid material.展开更多
A novel coordination polymer {[Cu（en）2][Ag2I4]}, （en = ethylenediamine） was synthesized by the reaction of NaAgI2 and Cu（en）2（NO3）2·2H2O at room temperature with pH = 6.0, and the structure was characteri...A novel coordination polymer {[Cu（en）2][Ag2I4]}, （en = ethylenediamine） was synthesized by the reaction of NaAgI2 and Cu（en）2（NO3）2·2H2O at room temperature with pH = 6.0, and the structure was characterized by X-ray single-crystal diffraction. It crystallizes in monoclinic, space group C2/m, with a=10.646（2）, b = 13.304（3）, c = 6.8445（14） ,A°, β = 118.95（3）°, C4H16N4CuAg2I4, Mr = 907.10, V= 848.3（4） A°^3, Z= 2, Dc = 3.551 g/cm^3, F（000） = 806, μ（MoKa） = 10.787 mm^-1, the final R1 = 0.0256 and wR2 = 0.0654 for 900 observed reflections with I 〉 2σ（I）. According to structural analysis, the title compound consists of template cation [Cu（en）2]^2＋ and inorganic chain [Ag2I4]n^2-. The polymeric negative chain [Ag2I4]n^2- is built up from pairs of AgI4 tetrahedron by sharing one edge. Through N-H…I hydrogen-bonding interactions, the whole structure represents a quasi-two dimensional arrangement. Electrostatic attraction exists between organic cations and inorganic chains, leading to a so-called organic-inorganic hybrid structure.展开更多
PEDOT nanotubes were prepared by a template synthesis method. Based on our template, it was deduced that there are two successive processes in the formation of nanotubes. The first step is soakage of the porous templa...PEDOT nanotubes were prepared by a template synthesis method. Based on our template, it was deduced that there are two successive processes in the formation of nanotubes. The first step is soakage of the porous templates by a polymer solution, and the second step is adsorption of free charged cationic groups and doped PEDOT onto the template surface with negative charges. XRD results showed that well orientated PEDOT chains were formed during the synthesis, moreover the arrange conductivity of molecular chains strongly affect the structures of PEDOT nanotubes. The nanotubes were measured to be about 5.5-17.6 S/cm, which is higher than that of nanotube pellet due to the high contact resistance between the adjacent nanotubes.展开更多
The title compound has been synthesized by the reaction of HgI2 and [(CH3)3- NCH2CH2N(CH3)3]I2 with pH = 7.5 at room temperature, and its crystal structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis...The title compound has been synthesized by the reaction of HgI2 and [(CH3)3- NCH2CH2N(CH3)3]I2 with pH = 7.5 at room temperature, and its crystal structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The title compound crystallizes in monoclinic system, space group P21/c with a = 8.3075(8), b =15.8084(19), c =15.390(2) ?, β = 95.192(4)o, V = 2012.9(4) ?3, Z = 2, Dc = 2.824 g/cm3, F(000) = 1502, C14H39N4O2Hg2I8, Mr = 1711.87, μ(MoKα) = 13.768 mm-1, the final R = 0.0465 and wR = 0.1293 for 3046 observed reflections with I > 2σ (I). The title compound consists of cations ([C8H22N2]2+) and anion (HgI4 ), which are combined by static 2- attracting forces to form the so-called organic-inorganic hybrid material.展开更多
The organic-inorganic hybrid [(C14H18N2)(Pb2I6)]n ([C14H18N2]2+ = N,N?-1,4-buthy- lenedipyridinium (BDP)) with one-dimensional structure was self-assembling synthesized by the organic quaternary ammonium template. It ...The organic-inorganic hybrid [(C14H18N2)(Pb2I6)]n ([C14H18N2]2+ = N,N?-1,4-buthy- lenedipyridinium (BDP)) with one-dimensional structure was self-assembling synthesized by the organic quaternary ammonium template. It crystallizes in monoclinic, space group P21/n with a = 8.2596(9), b = 15.1363(19), c = 11.1603(13) , b = 97.915(5)o, C14H18N2Pb2I6, Mr = 1390.10, V = 1382.0(3) 3, Z = 2, Dc = 3.341 g/cm3, m(MoKa) = 18.870 mm-1, F(000) = 1196, the final R = 0.0420 and wR = 0.0921 for 2156 observed reflections with I > 2s(I). The title compound consists of cations ([C14H18N2]2+ ) and anion chain ([Pb2I62]n) which are combined by static attractive forces in the crystal.展开更多
A silver iodide, （ipq）4Ag418 1, has been synthesized in the presence of ipq （ipq = N-（isopentyl）-quinolinium） acting as a structure-directing reagent （SDA）. Compound 1 crystallizes in the triclinic system, spa...A silver iodide, （ipq）4Ag418 1, has been synthesized in the presence of ipq （ipq = N-（isopentyl）-quinolinium） acting as a structure-directing reagent （SDA）. Compound 1 crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group PT, with a = 9.850（2）, b = 11.564（2）, c = 16.111（3） ,A ,α = 104.64（3）, β = 105.73（3）, γ = 94.37（3）o, V= 1688.3（7） A^3, Z = 2, D,= 2.205 g/cm^3, F（000） = 1042, C28H33Ag2l4N2, Mr= 1120.90, μ（MoKa） = 4.836 mm^-1, the final R = 0.0363 and wR = 0.0761 for 5465 observed reflections with 1 〉 2σ（I）. 1 consists of uncoordinated structure-directing molecule and inorganic moiety tuned by organic SDA. Tetrameric Ag4I8^4- anion in 1 is composed of edgesharing AgI4 tetrahedra and AgI3 planar triangles. Electrostatic interaction between organic counter cations and inorgan!c moieties is present and contributes to the crystal packing. 1 was further characterized with IR, UV-Vis, elemental analysis and cyclic voltammetry. Based on the crystal structure data, quantum chemical calculation with DFr method was used to reveal the electronic structure and optical property of 1.展开更多
Zeolite ZSM-35 was synthesized using hexamethyleneimine as an organic template and its crystallographic structure was studied by X-ray diffraction and IR spectroscopy. Its adsorption property was also evaluated.
Interfacial solar steam generation holds great promise in water desalination thanks to its high energy efficiency by heating only the top layer of water for evaporation.While three‐dimensional(3D)evaporators have bee...Interfacial solar steam generation holds great promise in water desalination thanks to its high energy efficiency by heating only the top layer of water for evaporation.While three‐dimensional(3D)evaporators have been proven to increase the evaporation rate by harnessing the energy from the surroundings,further development is still required in terms of convenient fabrication with potential scalability.Herein,we propose to overcome this challenge by using a high internal phase emulsion(HIPE)to template the synthesis of 3D hierarchically porous evaporators.The HIPE‐templated synthesis combined with a molding process can efficiently fabricate the desired 3D shape without wasting any materials and generate a hierarchically porous internal structure for continuous water supply.Engineering the overall shape and internal pores produces a 3D evaporator that can suppress conduction heat loss and efficiently collect thermal energy from its surroundings,boosting the evaporation rate to 2.82 kg/(m2 h)under 1‐sun illumination,which is significantly higher than conventional 2D evaporators.HIPE‐templating synthesis is an easy but effective way to produce various porous polymers,promising for a wide range of applications where easy production,excellent shape control,and potential scalability are critical.展开更多
Among the various morphologies of carbon-based materials,hollow carbon nanostructures are of particular interest for energy storage.They have been widely investigated as electrode materials in different types of recha...Among the various morphologies of carbon-based materials,hollow carbon nanostructures are of particular interest for energy storage.They have been widely investigated as electrode materials in different types of rechargeable batteries,owing to their high surface areas in association with the high surface-to-volume ratios,controllable pores and pore size distribution,high electrical conductivity,and excellent chemical and mechanical stability,which are beneficial for providing active sites,accelerating electrons/ions transfer,interacting with electrolytes,and giving rise to high specific capacity,rate capability,cycling ability,and overall electrochemical performance.In this overview,we look into the ongoing progresses that are being made with the nanohollow carbon materials,including nanospheres,nanopolyhedrons,and nanofibers,in relation to their applications in the main types of rechargeable batteries.The design and synthesis strategies for them and their electrochemical performance in rechargeable batteries,including lithium-ion batteries,sodium-ion batteries,potassium-ion batteries,and lithium–sulfur batteries are comprehensively reviewed and discussed,together with the challenges being faced and perspectives for them.展开更多
Calcium sulfate(CaSO_(4))has been verified as a promising oxygen carrier(OC)in the chemical looping combustion(CLC)for its high oxygen capacity,abundant reserve and low cost,but its low reactivity and deleterious sulf...Calcium sulfate(CaSO_(4))has been verified as a promising oxygen carrier(OC)in the chemical looping combustion(CLC)for its high oxygen capacity,abundant reserve and low cost,but its low reactivity and deleterious sulfur species emission from the side reactions of CaSO_(4) should be well considered for its wide application in CLC.In order to promote the reactivity of CaSO_(4) and increase its potential to inhibit the gaseous sulfur emission,a CeO_(2)-enhanced CaSO_(4) OC mixed OC of core–shell structure was prepared using the combined template synthesis method.Reaction characteristics of the prepared CaSO_(4)-CeO_(2) mixed OC with a typical lignite was first conducted and systematically investigated,and an improved reactivity of the prepared CaSO_(4)-CeO_(2) mixed OC was demonstrated than its single component CaSO_(4) or CeO_(2) due to the fast transfer and exchange of oxygen from the CaSO_(4) substrate to coal via the doped CeO_(2).Furthermore,the solid products formed from the mixed CaSO_(4)-CeO_(2) OC with the selected coal were collected and analyzed.Especially,evolution and redistribution of the sulfur species of different forms were focused.At the latter reaction stage of YN reaction with the CaSO_(4)-CeO_(2) mixed OC,the SO_(2) emitted from the side reactions of CaSO_(4) was greatly diminished and the doped CeO_(2) was proven effective to directionally fix the SO_(2) released to turn into different solid sulfur compounds,which were determined as Ce_(2)O_(2)S,Ce_(2)S_(3) and Ce_(2)(SO_(4))_(3)·5H_(2)O and formed through the different pathways.In addition,good regeneration of the reduced CaSO_(4)-CeO_(2) mixed OC could be reached in spite of the unavoidable interaction between the included minerals in coal and the reduced mixed OC.Overall,the combined template method-made CaSO_(4)-CeO_(2) mixed OC reported herein was not only endowed with enhanced reactivity for coal conversion,but also owned the potential to directionally fix the gaseous sulfur emission,which is quite applicable as OC for simultaneous decarbonatization and desulfurization in the real CLC process.展开更多
Two new nonmetal borates, [（C2H10N2）]2[B14O20（OH）6] 1 and [C8H22N4][B5O6（OH）4]2 2, have been synthesized under mild conditions and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, FTIR, elemental analysis and ...Two new nonmetal borates, [（C2H10N2）]2[B14O20（OH）6] 1 and [C8H22N4][B5O6（OH）4]2 2, have been synthesized under mild conditions and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, FTIR, elemental analysis and thermogravimetric analysis. Crystal data for compound 1： triclinic, space group P^-1, a = 8.4979（17）, b = 8.8498（18）, c = 10.065（2）A^°, α = 95.01（3）, β = 96.99（3）, γ = 116.82（3）°, V= 661.8（3）A^°^3, Z= 1, Mr = 697.63, Dc = 1.751 g/cm^3,μ = 0.163 mm^-1, F（000） = 356, the final R = 0.0372 and wR = 0.0968 （I 〉 2σ（I））; and those for compound 2： monoclinic, space group P21/c, a = 9.1867（18）, b= 14.118（3）, c = 10.334（2）A^°, β = 91.48（3）°, V = 1339.8（5）A^°^3, Z = 2, Mr = 610.46, Dc = 1.513 g/cm^3,μ = 0.135 mm^-1, F（000） = 632, the final R = 0.0350 and wR = 0.0912 （I 〉 2σ（I））. For both 1 and 2, the anionic units are interlinked via O-H…O hydrogen bonds to form a 3D supramolecular network, while the protonated cations are located in the free space of the inorganic borate framework and interact with the anions by electrostatic attraction and extensive N-H…O hydrogen bonds.展开更多
Nanocelluloses, obtained from the biopolymer cellulose, are a class of renewable functional nanomaterials with excellent properties and a broad range of applications. This review mainly illustrates practical and advan...Nanocelluloses, obtained from the biopolymer cellulose, are a class of renewable functional nanomaterials with excellent properties and a broad range of applications. This review mainly illustrates practical and advanced applications of nanocellulose-based materials in the following categories.(1) Fire-resistant materials: in the section on these types of materials, the fireprotection property of nanocellulose/clay hybrid composites(clay nanopaper) is illustrated; oriented montmorillonite(MTM) provides barrier properties and low thermal conductivity whereas cellulose nanofibers(CNFs) impart favorable charring.(2) Thermal insulation materials: the best way to obtain materials with good heat insulation performance is to decrease the thermal conductivity of such materials.(3) Template materials: nanocellulose can direct the deposition and patterning of materials to form nanoparticles, nanowires, or nanotubes with improved properties.展开更多
Acrylonitrile-methyl methacrylate （AN-MMA） copolymer/silica nanocomposites were synthesized by in-situ emulsion polymerization initiated by 2,2＇-azobis（2-amidinopropane） dihydrochloride absorbed onto colloidal si...Acrylonitrile-methyl methacrylate （AN-MMA） copolymer/silica nanocomposites were synthesized by in-situ emulsion polymerization initiated by 2,2＇-azobis（2-amidinopropane） dihydrochloride absorbed onto colloidal silica particles, and the mesoporous carbon materials were prepared through carbonization of the obtained AN-MMA copolymer/silica nanocomposites, followed by HF etching. Thermogravimetric analysis of AN-MMAcopolymer/silica nanocomposltes snoweO mat me caroon ylelCl or copolymer was slgnuy oecreaseo as Silica parucle incorporated. N2 adsorption-desorption, scan electron microscopy （SEM） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM） were used to characterize the structure and morphology of the mesoporous carbon materials. Both SEM and展开更多
Covalent organic frameworks(COFs), as highly tunable porous crystalline materials, have promising applications in potassium-ion batteries(PIBs) due to their abundant charge carrier transport channels and excellent str...Covalent organic frameworks(COFs), as highly tunable porous crystalline materials, have promising applications in potassium-ion batteries(PIBs) due to their abundant charge carrier transport channels and excellent structural stability. However, the excessive stacking of interlayer electron clouds makes it difficult to expose internal active sites. Strategies to design functional COFs with controllable morphology and copious active sites are promising but still challenging. Herein, by utilizing the condensation between1,3,5-triformylbenzene(TFB) and p-phenylenediamine(PPD) and using amino-modified SiO_(2) nanospheres as templates, we synthesize core-shell NH_(2)-SiO_(2)@TP-COF. Through NaOH etching of NH_(2)-SiO_(2)@TP-COF, we obtain imine-based TP-COF hollow nanospheres, which shows excellent potassium storage performance when applied to the anode for PIBs. Ex-situ analysis and density functional theory calculations reveal that C=N groups and benzenes are active sites for K^(+) storage.展开更多
Formation of plasmonic structure in closely packed assemblies of metallic nanoparticles(NPs)is essential for various applications in sensing,renewable energy,authentication,catalysis,and metamaterials.Herein,a surface...Formation of plasmonic structure in closely packed assemblies of metallic nanoparticles(NPs)is essential for various applications in sensing,renewable energy,authentication,catalysis,and metamaterials.Herein,a surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)substrate is fabricated for trace detection with ultrahigh sensitivity and stability.The SERS substrate is constructed from a simple yet robust strategy through in situ growth patterned assemblies of Au NPs based on a polymer brush templated synthesis strategy.Benefiting from the dense and uniform distribution of Au NPs,the resulting Au plasmonic nanostructure demonstrates a very strong SERS effect,while the outer polymer brush could restrict the excessive growth of Au NPs and the patterned design could achieve uniform distribution of Au NPs.As results,an ultra-low limit of detection(LOD)of 10^(−15)M,which has never been successfully detected in other work,is determined for 4-acetamidothiophenol(4-AMTP)molecules and the Raman signals in the random region show good signal homogeneity with a low relative standard deviation(RSD)of 7.2%,indicating great sensitivity and reliability as a SERS substrate.The LOD values of such Au plasmonic nanostructures for methylene blue,thiram,and R6G molecules can also reach as low as 10^(−10)M,further indicating that the substrate has a wide range of applicability for SERS detection.With the help of finite difference time domain simulations(FDTD)calculation,the electric field distribution of the Au plasmonic nanostructures is simulated,which quantitatively matches the experimental observations.Moreover,the Au plasmonic nanostructures show good shelf stability for at least 10 months of storage in an ambient environment,indicating potentials for practical applications.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (20376009)
文摘Long-lasting SrAl2O4∶Eu, Dy phosphor was successfully prepared from a mesoporous precursor. The precursor was synthesized by templating method using nonionic Polyethylene Oxide (PEO) as surfactants, which was proved by TG-DTG, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis. The analysis results indicated that regular cylindrical-to-hexagonal shaped pores with several nanometers were obtained. The structure and morphology of the SrAl2O4∶Eu, Dy phosphor by templating method was characterized by XRD and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The XRD results showed that a pure SrAl2O4 phase formed at 900 ℃ by templating method. The SEM morphologies of the obtained phosphors prepared by templating synthesis were uniform and porous multicrystalline with average diameter size of 5 μm. The broad-band UV-excited SrAl2O4∶Eu, Dy phosphor derived from a mosoporous precursor was observed at λmax=515 nm due to the transitions from the 4f65d1 to the 4f7 configurations of Eu2+ ion. The main excitation and emission intensity of the phosphor with this method were stronger than that obtained by solid state reaction method. And the obtained long-lasting phosphor with this method revealed a better afterglow compared to the phosphor prepared through solid state reaction method.
基金the support from the CIPHER Project(IIID 2018-008)funded by the Commission on Higher Education-Philippine California Advanced Research Institutes(CHED-PCARI)。
文摘Transition metal phosphides(TMPs)have been regarded as alternative hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)catalysts owing to their comparable activity to those of noble metal-based catalysts.TMPs have been produced in various morphologies,including hollow and porous nanostructures,which are features deemed desirable for electrocatalytic materials.Templated synthesis routes are often responsible for such morphologies.This paper reviews the latest advances and existing challenges in the synthesis of TMP-based OER and HER catalysts through templated methods.A comprehensive review of the structure-property-performance of TMP-based HER and OER catalysts prepared using different templates is presented.The discussion proceeds according to application,first by HER and further divided among the types of templates used-from hard templates,sacrificial templates,and soft templates to the emerging dynamic hydrogen bubble template.OER catalysts are then reviewed and grouped according to their morphology.Finally,prospective research directions for the synthesis of hollow and porous TMP-based catalysts,such as improvements on both activity and stability of TMPs,design of environmentally benign templates and processes,and analysis of the reaction mechanism through advanced material characterization techniques and theoretical calculations,are suggested.
文摘The present paper covers the synthesis of ZSM-35 molecular sieve with 1,6-hexanediamine as templating agent,the influence of the synthesis conditions, and a discussion concerning the crystal structures of the products.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20023003 and 20128004).
文摘The anodic porous alumina membranes with a definite pore diameter and aspect ratio were used as templates tosynthesize polymer pillared layer structures. The pillared polymer was produced in the template membrane pores, and thelayer on the template surfaces. Rigid cured epoxy resin, polystyrene and soft hydrogel were chosen to confirm themethodology. The pillars were in the form of either tubes or fibers, which were controlled by the alumina membrane pore surface wettability. The structural features were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy results.
文摘To improve the adsorption properties of chemically modified chitosan, the chelating resin of salicylal chitosan Schiff bases was prepared by the template cross-linking method using Cu（Ⅱ） as template ion and ethylene glycol bisglycidyl ether as cross-linking agent in microwave, and was characterized by IR. The adsorption capacity and selectivity coefficient of the chemically modified chitosan for Cu（Ⅱ）, Fe（Ⅲ） and Zn（Ⅱ） were investigated, respectively. The results show that the adsorption capacity of the resin 2.73 mmol/g for Cu（Ⅱ） is bigger than that for other two metal ions, 0.22 mmol/g for Fe（Ⅲ）, and 0.42 mmol/g for Zn（Ⅱ）, and the selectivity coefficients are as follows: KCu（Ⅱ）/Fe（Ⅲ）=12.4, KCu（Ⅱ）/Zn（Ⅱ）=6.5.
基金This work was supported by the Foundation of Education Committee of Fujian Province (JB03053, JB04016)
文摘A novel coordination polymer [(C8H20N)(Ag2I3)]n ([C8H20N]+ = tetraethyl ammo- nium (TEA)) was synthesized by the reaction of AgI and C8H20NI at room temperature with pH = 6.5, and structurally characterized by means of X-ray single-crystal diffraction. It crystallizes in orthorhombic, space group Pna21 with a = 7.3323(9), b = 18.250(2), c =12.5294(15) ?, C6.33H16.16NAg2I3, Mr = 702.76, V = 1676.6(4) ?3, Z = 4, Dc = 2.784 g/cm3, F(000) = 1256.6, μ(MoKα) = 7.828 mm-1, the final R = 0.0529 and wR = 0.1586 for 1189 observed reflections with I > 2σ(I). X-ray analysis shows that the [Ag2I3]n- chain is built up by AgI4 tetrahedron and in combination with quaternary ammonium cations ([C8H20N]+) by static attractive forces to form the so-called organic-inorganic hybrid material.
基金This work was supported by the Fondation of Education Committee of Fujian Province(JB04016, JB04017)
文摘A novel coordination polymer {[Cu（en）2][Ag2I4]}, （en = ethylenediamine） was synthesized by the reaction of NaAgI2 and Cu（en）2（NO3）2·2H2O at room temperature with pH = 6.0, and the structure was characterized by X-ray single-crystal diffraction. It crystallizes in monoclinic, space group C2/m, with a=10.646（2）, b = 13.304（3）, c = 6.8445（14） ,A°, β = 118.95（3）°, C4H16N4CuAg2I4, Mr = 907.10, V= 848.3（4） A°^3, Z= 2, Dc = 3.551 g/cm^3, F（000） = 806, μ（MoKa） = 10.787 mm^-1, the final R1 = 0.0256 and wR2 = 0.0654 for 900 observed reflections with I 〉 2σ（I）. According to structural analysis, the title compound consists of template cation [Cu（en）2]^2＋ and inorganic chain [Ag2I4]n^2-. The polymeric negative chain [Ag2I4]n^2- is built up from pairs of AgI4 tetrahedron by sharing one edge. Through N-H…I hydrogen-bonding interactions, the whole structure represents a quasi-two dimensional arrangement. Electrostatic attraction exists between organic cations and inorganic chains, leading to a so-called organic-inorganic hybrid structure.
基金Funded National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.: 60372002)
文摘PEDOT nanotubes were prepared by a template synthesis method. Based on our template, it was deduced that there are two successive processes in the formation of nanotubes. The first step is soakage of the porous templates by a polymer solution, and the second step is adsorption of free charged cationic groups and doped PEDOT onto the template surface with negative charges. XRD results showed that well orientated PEDOT chains were formed during the synthesis, moreover the arrange conductivity of molecular chains strongly affect the structures of PEDOT nanotubes. The nanotubes were measured to be about 5.5-17.6 S/cm, which is higher than that of nanotube pellet due to the high contact resistance between the adjacent nanotubes.
基金This work was supported by the Foundation of Education Committee of Fujian Province (JB01020)
文摘The title compound has been synthesized by the reaction of HgI2 and [(CH3)3- NCH2CH2N(CH3)3]I2 with pH = 7.5 at room temperature, and its crystal structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The title compound crystallizes in monoclinic system, space group P21/c with a = 8.3075(8), b =15.8084(19), c =15.390(2) ?, β = 95.192(4)o, V = 2012.9(4) ?3, Z = 2, Dc = 2.824 g/cm3, F(000) = 1502, C14H39N4O2Hg2I8, Mr = 1711.87, μ(MoKα) = 13.768 mm-1, the final R = 0.0465 and wR = 0.1293 for 3046 observed reflections with I > 2σ (I). The title compound consists of cations ([C8H22N2]2+) and anion (HgI4 ), which are combined by static 2- attracting forces to form the so-called organic-inorganic hybrid material.
基金This work was supported by the Foundation of Education Committee of Fujian Province (JB01020)
文摘The organic-inorganic hybrid [(C14H18N2)(Pb2I6)]n ([C14H18N2]2+ = N,N?-1,4-buthy- lenedipyridinium (BDP)) with one-dimensional structure was self-assembling synthesized by the organic quaternary ammonium template. It crystallizes in monoclinic, space group P21/n with a = 8.2596(9), b = 15.1363(19), c = 11.1603(13) , b = 97.915(5)o, C14H18N2Pb2I6, Mr = 1390.10, V = 1382.0(3) 3, Z = 2, Dc = 3.341 g/cm3, m(MoKa) = 18.870 mm-1, F(000) = 1196, the final R = 0.0420 and wR = 0.0921 for 2156 observed reflections with I > 2s(I). The title compound consists of cations ([C14H18N2]2+ ) and anion chain ([Pb2I62]n) which are combined by static attractive forces in the crystal.
文摘A silver iodide, （ipq）4Ag418 1, has been synthesized in the presence of ipq （ipq = N-（isopentyl）-quinolinium） acting as a structure-directing reagent （SDA）. Compound 1 crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group PT, with a = 9.850（2）, b = 11.564（2）, c = 16.111（3） ,A ,α = 104.64（3）, β = 105.73（3）, γ = 94.37（3）o, V= 1688.3（7） A^3, Z = 2, D,= 2.205 g/cm^3, F（000） = 1042, C28H33Ag2l4N2, Mr= 1120.90, μ（MoKa） = 4.836 mm^-1, the final R = 0.0363 and wR = 0.0761 for 5465 observed reflections with 1 〉 2σ（I）. 1 consists of uncoordinated structure-directing molecule and inorganic moiety tuned by organic SDA. Tetrameric Ag4I8^4- anion in 1 is composed of edgesharing AgI4 tetrahedra and AgI3 planar triangles. Electrostatic interaction between organic counter cations and inorgan!c moieties is present and contributes to the crystal packing. 1 was further characterized with IR, UV-Vis, elemental analysis and cyclic voltammetry. Based on the crystal structure data, quantum chemical calculation with DFr method was used to reveal the electronic structure and optical property of 1.
文摘Zeolite ZSM-35 was synthesized using hexamethyleneimine as an organic template and its crystallographic structure was studied by X-ray diffraction and IR spectroscopy. Its adsorption property was also evaluated.
基金supported by the University of California Riverside and the Korea Institute of Materials Science through the UC‐KIMS Center for Innovation Materials for Energy and EnvironmentJinxing Chen acknowledges the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51901147)the Su‐Zhou Key Laboratory of Functional Nano and Soft Materials,Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology,and the 111 Project.The authors also thank Ms.Jessica Lujia Yin and Mr.Zirui Zhou for their kind assistance.
文摘Interfacial solar steam generation holds great promise in water desalination thanks to its high energy efficiency by heating only the top layer of water for evaporation.While three‐dimensional(3D)evaporators have been proven to increase the evaporation rate by harnessing the energy from the surroundings,further development is still required in terms of convenient fabrication with potential scalability.Herein,we propose to overcome this challenge by using a high internal phase emulsion(HIPE)to template the synthesis of 3D hierarchically porous evaporators.The HIPE‐templated synthesis combined with a molding process can efficiently fabricate the desired 3D shape without wasting any materials and generate a hierarchically porous internal structure for continuous water supply.Engineering the overall shape and internal pores produces a 3D evaporator that can suppress conduction heat loss and efficiently collect thermal energy from its surroundings,boosting the evaporation rate to 2.82 kg/(m2 h)under 1‐sun illumination,which is significantly higher than conventional 2D evaporators.HIPE‐templating synthesis is an easy but effective way to produce various porous polymers,promising for a wide range of applications where easy production,excellent shape control,and potential scalability are critical.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1802256,51672128,21773118,21875107,51802154)the Key Research and Development Program in Jiangsu Province(BE2018122)+3 种基金Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD).Prof.John Wang and team acknowledge the support by MOE,Singapore Ministry of Education(MOE2018-T2-2-095),for research conducted at the National University of SingaporeMr.Jiangmin Jiang would like to acknowledge the financial support from the Funding of Outstanding Doctoral Dissertation in NUAA(BCXJ19-07)Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(KYCX19_0174)China Scholarship Council(201906830060).
文摘Among the various morphologies of carbon-based materials,hollow carbon nanostructures are of particular interest for energy storage.They have been widely investigated as electrode materials in different types of rechargeable batteries,owing to their high surface areas in association with the high surface-to-volume ratios,controllable pores and pore size distribution,high electrical conductivity,and excellent chemical and mechanical stability,which are beneficial for providing active sites,accelerating electrons/ions transfer,interacting with electrolytes,and giving rise to high specific capacity,rate capability,cycling ability,and overall electrochemical performance.In this overview,we look into the ongoing progresses that are being made with the nanohollow carbon materials,including nanospheres,nanopolyhedrons,and nanofibers,in relation to their applications in the main types of rechargeable batteries.The design and synthesis strategies for them and their electrochemical performance in rechargeable batteries,including lithium-ion batteries,sodium-ion batteries,potassium-ion batteries,and lithium–sulfur batteries are comprehensively reviewed and discussed,together with the challenges being faced and perspectives for them.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Founda-tion of China(Nos.51776073,51906083)Key Research&Develop-ment program of Henan Province(No.162102210233)+1 种基金North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power Innovative Project(Nos.2019XA014,2019XB058)Scientific Research&Development Project of Ji-Yan Energy Science and Technology Research Institute(NKY2020-05).
文摘Calcium sulfate(CaSO_(4))has been verified as a promising oxygen carrier(OC)in the chemical looping combustion(CLC)for its high oxygen capacity,abundant reserve and low cost,but its low reactivity and deleterious sulfur species emission from the side reactions of CaSO_(4) should be well considered for its wide application in CLC.In order to promote the reactivity of CaSO_(4) and increase its potential to inhibit the gaseous sulfur emission,a CeO_(2)-enhanced CaSO_(4) OC mixed OC of core–shell structure was prepared using the combined template synthesis method.Reaction characteristics of the prepared CaSO_(4)-CeO_(2) mixed OC with a typical lignite was first conducted and systematically investigated,and an improved reactivity of the prepared CaSO_(4)-CeO_(2) mixed OC was demonstrated than its single component CaSO_(4) or CeO_(2) due to the fast transfer and exchange of oxygen from the CaSO_(4) substrate to coal via the doped CeO_(2).Furthermore,the solid products formed from the mixed CaSO_(4)-CeO_(2) OC with the selected coal were collected and analyzed.Especially,evolution and redistribution of the sulfur species of different forms were focused.At the latter reaction stage of YN reaction with the CaSO_(4)-CeO_(2) mixed OC,the SO_(2) emitted from the side reactions of CaSO_(4) was greatly diminished and the doped CeO_(2) was proven effective to directionally fix the SO_(2) released to turn into different solid sulfur compounds,which were determined as Ce_(2)O_(2)S,Ce_(2)S_(3) and Ce_(2)(SO_(4))_(3)·5H_(2)O and formed through the different pathways.In addition,good regeneration of the reduced CaSO_(4)-CeO_(2) mixed OC could be reached in spite of the unavoidable interaction between the included minerals in coal and the reduced mixed OC.Overall,the combined template method-made CaSO_(4)-CeO_(2) mixed OC reported herein was not only endowed with enhanced reactivity for coal conversion,but also owned the potential to directionally fix the gaseous sulfur emission,which is quite applicable as OC for simultaneous decarbonatization and desulfurization in the real CLC process.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo City (2007A610022) K. C. Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University
文摘Two new nonmetal borates, [（C2H10N2）]2[B14O20（OH）6] 1 and [C8H22N4][B5O6（OH）4]2 2, have been synthesized under mild conditions and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, FTIR, elemental analysis and thermogravimetric analysis. Crystal data for compound 1： triclinic, space group P^-1, a = 8.4979（17）, b = 8.8498（18）, c = 10.065（2）A^°, α = 95.01（3）, β = 96.99（3）, γ = 116.82（3）°, V= 661.8（3）A^°^3, Z= 1, Mr = 697.63, Dc = 1.751 g/cm^3,μ = 0.163 mm^-1, F（000） = 356, the final R = 0.0372 and wR = 0.0968 （I 〉 2σ（I））; and those for compound 2： monoclinic, space group P21/c, a = 9.1867（18）, b= 14.118（3）, c = 10.334（2）A^°, β = 91.48（3）°, V = 1339.8（5）A^°^3, Z = 2, Mr = 610.46, Dc = 1.513 g/cm^3,μ = 0.135 mm^-1, F（000） = 632, the final R = 0.0350 and wR = 0.0912 （I 〉 2σ（I））. For both 1 and 2, the anionic units are interlinked via O-H…O hydrogen bonds to form a 3D supramolecular network, while the protonated cations are located in the free space of the inorganic borate framework and interact with the anions by electrostatic attraction and extensive N-H…O hydrogen bonds.
文摘Nanocelluloses, obtained from the biopolymer cellulose, are a class of renewable functional nanomaterials with excellent properties and a broad range of applications. This review mainly illustrates practical and advanced applications of nanocellulose-based materials in the following categories.(1) Fire-resistant materials: in the section on these types of materials, the fireprotection property of nanocellulose/clay hybrid composites(clay nanopaper) is illustrated; oriented montmorillonite(MTM) provides barrier properties and low thermal conductivity whereas cellulose nanofibers(CNFs) impart favorable charring.(2) Thermal insulation materials: the best way to obtain materials with good heat insulation performance is to decrease the thermal conductivity of such materials.(3) Template materials: nanocellulose can direct the deposition and patterning of materials to form nanoparticles, nanowires, or nanotubes with improved properties.
基金Supported by the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (NCET-07-0738)
文摘Acrylonitrile-methyl methacrylate （AN-MMA） copolymer/silica nanocomposites were synthesized by in-situ emulsion polymerization initiated by 2,2＇-azobis（2-amidinopropane） dihydrochloride absorbed onto colloidal silica particles, and the mesoporous carbon materials were prepared through carbonization of the obtained AN-MMA copolymer/silica nanocomposites, followed by HF etching. Thermogravimetric analysis of AN-MMAcopolymer/silica nanocomposltes snoweO mat me caroon ylelCl or copolymer was slgnuy oecreaseo as Silica parucle incorporated. N2 adsorption-desorption, scan electron microscopy （SEM） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM） were used to characterize the structure and morphology of the mesoporous carbon materials. Both SEM and
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 22179063)。
文摘Covalent organic frameworks(COFs), as highly tunable porous crystalline materials, have promising applications in potassium-ion batteries(PIBs) due to their abundant charge carrier transport channels and excellent structural stability. However, the excessive stacking of interlayer electron clouds makes it difficult to expose internal active sites. Strategies to design functional COFs with controllable morphology and copious active sites are promising but still challenging. Herein, by utilizing the condensation between1,3,5-triformylbenzene(TFB) and p-phenylenediamine(PPD) and using amino-modified SiO_(2) nanospheres as templates, we synthesize core-shell NH_(2)-SiO_(2)@TP-COF. Through NaOH etching of NH_(2)-SiO_(2)@TP-COF, we obtain imine-based TP-COF hollow nanospheres, which shows excellent potassium storage performance when applied to the anode for PIBs. Ex-situ analysis and density functional theory calculations reveal that C=N groups and benzenes are active sites for K^(+) storage.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21905097,21805091,21774038,and 91856128)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.L1190440)+2 种基金Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices(No.2019B121203003)the Pearl River Talents Scheme(No.2016ZT06C322)State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles(Qingdao University,No.K2019-02).
文摘Formation of plasmonic structure in closely packed assemblies of metallic nanoparticles(NPs)is essential for various applications in sensing,renewable energy,authentication,catalysis,and metamaterials.Herein,a surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)substrate is fabricated for trace detection with ultrahigh sensitivity and stability.The SERS substrate is constructed from a simple yet robust strategy through in situ growth patterned assemblies of Au NPs based on a polymer brush templated synthesis strategy.Benefiting from the dense and uniform distribution of Au NPs,the resulting Au plasmonic nanostructure demonstrates a very strong SERS effect,while the outer polymer brush could restrict the excessive growth of Au NPs and the patterned design could achieve uniform distribution of Au NPs.As results,an ultra-low limit of detection(LOD)of 10^(−15)M,which has never been successfully detected in other work,is determined for 4-acetamidothiophenol(4-AMTP)molecules and the Raman signals in the random region show good signal homogeneity with a low relative standard deviation(RSD)of 7.2%,indicating great sensitivity and reliability as a SERS substrate.The LOD values of such Au plasmonic nanostructures for methylene blue,thiram,and R6G molecules can also reach as low as 10^(−10)M,further indicating that the substrate has a wide range of applicability for SERS detection.With the help of finite difference time domain simulations(FDTD)calculation,the electric field distribution of the Au plasmonic nanostructures is simulated,which quantitatively matches the experimental observations.Moreover,the Au plasmonic nanostructures show good shelf stability for at least 10 months of storage in an ambient environment,indicating potentials for practical applications.
