An unprecedented catastrophe shrouded over the Chinese Empire ruled by the Yuan Dynasty and Medieval Europe-the Black Death during the 14th century with rapid spread,widespread impact,serious damage to property,and su...An unprecedented catastrophe shrouded over the Chinese Empire ruled by the Yuan Dynasty and Medieval Europe-the Black Death during the 14th century with rapid spread,widespread impact,serious damage to property,and substantial deaths and injuries.In the aftermath of the Black Death,lifestyle changes were made and more sensible bathing habits evolved.In feudal China,Bathing Culture had variously adapted to each dynasty;while its existence in the West was heavily influenced by religion and other factors.In the post-pandemic era,this paper is dedicated to exploring the possible relevance of Bathing Cultures to the Black Death,and to conducting a comparative study of the plague spread in Yuan and Europe and its impact on ethnic Bathing Cultures,reckoning to present informative information to regular prevention and control of the following pandemics.展开更多
Ridge tillage, which is a very common and important tillage measure in the black soil area of northeast China, has some soil and water conservation bene- fits, but has little attention. It is very important to explore...Ridge tillage, which is a very common and important tillage measure in the black soil area of northeast China, has some soil and water conservation bene- fits, but has little attention. It is very important to explore the spatial distribution of the ridge direction of the arable land and its soil and water conservation benefits in different terrain conditions in the black soil area. So Binxian County of Heilongjiang Province was selected as the study area, and 168 field investigation units were ex- tracted by stratified sampling method and investigated. According to equations of slope gradient factor and slope gradient in ridge direction, and based on the soft- ware of Arcmap, SPSS and Excel, the investigation data of soil and water loss in Binxian County were analyzed and counted, The results show that in plain, hilly and mountainous areas, the average ground slope gradients are 1.92°, 6.20° and 8.27° respectively, and the average slope gradients along ridge direction are 1.33°, 4.52°and 6.45° respectively, which account for about 70%, 73% and 78% of the average ground slope gradients in the same terrain condition; the relative quantities of soil erosion in the present ridge tillage condition account for about 55%, 69% and 67% respectively of that in down-slope ridge tillage conditions, so the present ridge tillage has obviously relative soil and water conservation benefits. Based on these results, the reasons of the present ridge tillage status were analyzed, and some reform measures were proposed. The results could not only help to comprehend the spatial distribution and soil and water conservation benefits of ridge tillage in the black soil area of Northeast China, but also provide scientific references for the layout of local soil and water conservation measures.展开更多
We put forth three modes of black hole formation, i.e. (1) A black hole kern forms initially inside the collapsing star. (2) The different mass shells of the collapsing star fulfils the Schwarzschild condition simulta...We put forth three modes of black hole formation, i.e. (1) A black hole kern forms initially inside the collapsing star. (2) The different mass shells of the collapsing star fulfils the Schwarzschild condition simultaneously. (3) Only the outmost mass shell of the collapsing star fulfils the Schwarzschild condition. We then calculate the entropy of the collapsing star for modes (1) and (3) and find that they are only 10-19 times the entropy of black hole. Modes (1) may be occure during the supernova explosions or galaxy explosions. Mode (3) may be occur in the formation of galactic black hole.展开更多
The paper presents the results of a comprehensive monitoring of the polygon： ＂Odessa Region, north-western part of the Black Sea＂ for the period 2009-2011. It is shown that most of the copper and nickel is brought ...The paper presents the results of a comprehensive monitoring of the polygon： ＂Odessa Region, north-western part of the Black Sea＂ for the period 2009-2011. It is shown that most of the copper and nickel is brought into the sea from the catchment area, and zinc and cadmium are mainly of the autochthonous origin. It is found that in 2010, after heavy rains, the area of bottom sediments contaminated by copper and nickel was increased. The main source of copper in the sea is vast vineyards.展开更多
Long-term evolution of the Black Sea dynamics （1980-2020） is reconstructed by means of numerical simulation. The model of the Black Sea circulation is z-coordinate model with 4.8 km horizontal space resolution and 4...Long-term evolution of the Black Sea dynamics （1980-2020） is reconstructed by means of numerical simulation. The model of the Black Sea circulation is z-coordinate model with 4.8 km horizontal space resolution and 40 levels in vertical direction. Mixing processes in the upper layer are parameterized with the Mellor-Yamada turbulent model. As for the boundary conditions on the sea surface, we used atmospheric forcing functions for the Black Sea region provided by CMCC using regional climate model COSMO-CLM. These data have a spatial resolution of 14km and a daily temporal resolution. To evaluate the quality of the Black Sea circulation dynamics, derived from simulation, the modeling results are compared with results of the Black Sea physical reanalysis. This reanalysis was performed by assimilating the temperature and salinity profiles from hydrographic surveys conducted during 1971-1993.展开更多
The article gives an overview on the dynamic political processes in the Black Sea region after some major geostrategic changes posing instability concerns in the region. The aim is to summarise the policy tendencies o...The article gives an overview on the dynamic political processes in the Black Sea region after some major geostrategic changes posing instability concerns in the region. The aim is to summarise the policy tendencies of the international organisations （NATO and EU） towards Russia and to present some analytical thoughts on current Euro-Atlantic strategies. Proposed is a different way of thinking based on the ＂congagement＂ approach.展开更多
Edgar Allan Poe was an American poet, short fiction writer and critic. He was also a master of the horror tale, and the pa-tron saint of the detective story. Based on the perspective of Freud's"uncanny"t...Edgar Allan Poe was an American poet, short fiction writer and critic. He was also a master of the horror tale, and the pa-tron saint of the detective story. Based on the perspective of Freud's"uncanny"theory,this paper analyzes the creation of the effectof terror and explores the theme of The Black Cat.展开更多
Edgar Allan Poe is one of the representative writers in American Dark Romanticism.Different from his contemporaries,the majority of Poe's short stories are characterized by irrational narration.Whether from narrat...Edgar Allan Poe is one of the representative writers in American Dark Romanticism.Different from his contemporaries,the majority of Poe's short stories are characterized by irrational narration.Whether from narration technique or elements,The Black Cat is the best elucidation of such narration.Thus,this thesis is devoted to a condensed study of irrational narration in The Black Cat,holding views that Poe's contribution in promoting the development of American literature and continuing the American dream is profound and significant.展开更多
As the only mammalian group capable of powered flight,bats have many unique biological traits.Previous comparative genomic studies in bats have focused on long-term evolution.However,the microevolutionary processes dr...As the only mammalian group capable of powered flight,bats have many unique biological traits.Previous comparative genomic studies in bats have focused on long-term evolution.However,the microevolutionary processes driving recent evolution are largely under-explored.Using resequencing data from 50 black flying foxes(Pteropus alecto),one of the model species for bats,we find that black flying fox has much higher genetic diversity and lower levels of linkage disequilibrium than most of the mammalian species.Demographic inference reveals strong population fluctuations(>100 fold)coinciding with multiple historical events including the last glacial change and Toba super eruption,suggesting that the black flying fox is a very resilient species with strong recovery abilities.While long-term adaptation in the black flying fox is enriched in metabolic genes,recent adaptation in the black flying fox has a unique landscape where recently selected genes are not strongly enriched in any functional category.The demographic history and mode of adaptation suggest that black flying fox might be a well-adapted species with strong evolutionary resilience.Taken together,this study unravels a vibrant landscape of recent evolution for the black flying fox and sheds light on several unique evolutionary processes for bats comparing to other mammalian groups.展开更多
The long rib of the sounding membrane in the black cicada is an analog to the beam clamped at one end. The fundamental frequency of activation sound is between 3900-5500 Hz and is basically consistent with the possibl...The long rib of the sounding membrane in the black cicada is an analog to the beam clamped at one end. The fundamental frequency of activation sound is between 3900-5500 Hz and is basically consistent with the possible range of the main peak frequency ( MPF) of song in the black cicada. The operculum (Op), tymbal cover (TC) and joint membrane (JM)are respectively analogous to a unifor square plate clamped at one edge and free at the others, to another plate at two opposite sides and free at the other, and to a rectangular membrane clamped at four sides. The fundamental frequencies of activated vibration are basically consistent with theMPFs and main high frequency components of vibrations of the Op, TC and JM, respectively.The resonant cavity and spiracles on both sides are analogous to a current resonace circuit and to a resistance connected in parallel at the output ends, and the resonant frequency and quality factor of the circuit are in good agreement with the MPF and its tuning sharpness of son the black cicada.展开更多
TWENTY years ago, while working in the rich black soil of the northeast, I came to know a Mr. Li. He was the blacksmith with the production team I worked on, the Heilongjiang Production & Construction Corps.His da...TWENTY years ago, while working in the rich black soil of the northeast, I came to know a Mr. Li. He was the blacksmith with the production team I worked on, the Heilongjiang Production & Construction Corps.His daughter, Li Yemei, is now a student at Beijing University. She had been admitted to China’s most famous university because of her outstanding achievements in sports. A marathon runner, she had won 13 championships in national and international competitions. In China, any athlete who has broken a world record or performed outstandingly in any of the three most important international events—the Olympic Games, the World Championships, or the World Cup—is given access to a university education without taking the usual entrance examination. Yemei had dreamed of attending Beijing University since she was a little girl, and that’s the university she chose to attend when she retired from professional competitions.展开更多
Prof.Packer是美国Carleton College的一位教授,他所任教的课程是International Politics and Global Economic Relations。如果在该大学评选杰出教授,他也许够榜上题名的资格。 因为,他如此博学:Ask him anything and you will never b...Prof.Packer是美国Carleton College的一位教授,他所任教的课程是International Politics and Global Economic Relations。如果在该大学评选杰出教授,他也许够榜上题名的资格。 因为,他如此博学:Ask him anything and you will never be disappointed. 因为,他的教学方法如此独到:…he is so good at steering the discussionthat everyone in the class is fully activated. 此君的另一个特点是“其貌不扬”:He is quiet.and even a bit shy—I neversaw him attract much attention outside classroom.可是,一旦站上讲台,他即刻判若两人,容光焕发,滔滔不绝,是那样的erudite(博学的).eloquent(雄辩的).witty(诙谐的).smart(潇洒的)！ 更重要的是:Everyone in class was trying totalk smartly like him.I have never talked so much in the classroom before.然而,他是一位黑人。 这个事实竟然让毛小姐有几分惊诧。她甚至想: But then I got a strange feeling that this Prof.Packer on the podium isplaying the Prof.Packer in my mind. 因为:I have taken it for granted that Mr.Packer is a Caucasian. 接着,毛小姐扪心自问:Why did I rule out(排除在外)the possibility of MrPacker being展开更多
Based on the temperature of the black body (TBB),station observed and NCEP reanalysis data,the impacts of the eastward propagation of convective cloud systems over the Tibetan Plateau on the southwest vortex (SWV) for...Based on the temperature of the black body (TBB),station observed and NCEP reanalysis data,the impacts of the eastward propagation of convective cloud systems over the Tibetan Plateau on the southwest vortex (SWV) formation that occurred at 1800 UTC on 29 June 2003 are analyzed by using the Zwack-Okossi (Z-O) equation to diagnose the thermal and dynamic processes.It is found that,in summer,severe convective activities often occur over the Tibetan Plateau due to the abundant supply of moisture.The convective cloud near the east edge of the plateau could move eastward with a shortwave trough in the westerly.The divergent center that is induced by latent heat release,which is associated with severe convective activities,moves out with the convective cloud and contributes to the low level decompression which is favorable for the formation of plateau edge cyclogenesis (PEC).The Z-O equation indicates that,in this case,the latent heat release and convergence are the two most important factors for SWV formation,which amounts to about 42% and 15% of the term TOTAL,respectively.It is implied that the thermal process effect was more important than the dynamic process during SWV formation.展开更多
This paper extends Parikh-Wilzcek＇s recent work, which treats the Hawking radiation as a semi-classical tunnelling process from the event horizon of four dimensional Schwarzshild and Reissner-Nordstrom black holes, t...This paper extends Parikh-Wilzcek＇s recent work, which treats the Hawking radiation as a semi-classical tunnelling process from the event horizon of four dimensional Schwarzshild and Reissner-Nordstrom black holes, to that of arbitrarily dimensional Reissner-Nordstrom de Sitter black hole. The result shows that the tunnelling rate is related to the change of Bekenstein-Hawking entropy and the factually radiant spectrum is no longer precisely thermal after taking the dynamical black hole background and energy conservation into account, but is consistent with the underlying unitary theory and then satisfies the first law of the black hole thermodynamics. Meanwhile, in Parikh-Wilzcek＇s framework, this paper points out that the information conservation is only suitable for the reversible process but in highly unstable evaporating black hole （irreversible process） the information loss is possible.展开更多
1 Introduction The salt lakes of the Crimea contain the practically inexhaustible sources of salts of sodium,magnesium,bromine and other chemical elements(Ponizovskii,1965),being the potential powerful raw materials b...1 Introduction The salt lakes of the Crimea contain the practically inexhaustible sources of salts of sodium,magnesium,bromine and other chemical elements(Ponizovskii,1965),being the potential powerful raw materials base for the展开更多
1 Introduction It is known that more than 300 lakes and lagoons are present in the Crimean Peninsula,which are divided depending on position to 7 groups:Perekop,Tarkhankut,Evpatoriyskaya,Khersonesskaya,lake on the mou...1 Introduction It is known that more than 300 lakes and lagoons are present in the Crimean Peninsula,which are divided depending on position to 7 groups:Perekop,Tarkhankut,Evpatoriyskaya,Khersonesskaya,lake on the mountainpastures,Kerch and Genicheskaya.Almost the all lakes,with the exception of the small freshwater lakes,which situated on mountain pastures of the Main ridge of展开更多
Due to deep burial of Precambrian in Tarim Basin,no breakthrough in the hydrocarbon exploration has been achieved from these strata,and development of high-quality source rocks is also uncertain.More than 30 explorato...Due to deep burial of Precambrian in Tarim Basin,no breakthrough in the hydrocarbon exploration has been achieved from these strata,and development of high-quality source rocks is also uncertain.More than 30 exploratory wells have been drilled in the southwest Tarim Basin and the pediment region of Kunlun Mountains with a total area of more than 100103 km2.Though some marine oil/gas fields such as Hetianhe,Bashituopu,Yubei and Luosi 2 have been discovered,the Cambrian or Ordovician source rocks have not been drilled,and hydrocarbon source still remain controversial.Recently,a set of thick black shales and mudstones has been found in the southwest Tarim Basin.The total thickness of mudstones is more than 140 m,and the total organic carbon mainly ranges from 0.6%to 1.9%with an average of 1.0%.Tmax is from 490C to 520C,equivalent to Ro from 1.99%to 2.99%.Pyrites are very rich in mudstone.According to stratigraphic contact relationship and isotopic chronology,this mudstone may have the age of more than 517 Ma,and is tentatively named as the“Western Kunlun black rock series”.Through the plate tectonic analysis,this set of thick black mudstones is possibly distributed widely in the southwest Tarim Basin,and its formation may be controlled by the aulacogen.This set of black mudstones may be an important source rocks in the southwest Tarim Basin,which suggest that the Precambrian-Cambrian strata in Tarim Basin has geological conditions for hydrocarbon accumulations.This discovery of the black thick mudstones in the southwest Tarim Basin will promote hydrocarbon exploration in the deep and ultra-deep strata of the Tarim Basin.展开更多
文摘An unprecedented catastrophe shrouded over the Chinese Empire ruled by the Yuan Dynasty and Medieval Europe-the Black Death during the 14th century with rapid spread,widespread impact,serious damage to property,and substantial deaths and injuries.In the aftermath of the Black Death,lifestyle changes were made and more sensible bathing habits evolved.In feudal China,Bathing Culture had variously adapted to each dynasty;while its existence in the West was heavily influenced by religion and other factors.In the post-pandemic era,this paper is dedicated to exploring the possible relevance of Bathing Cultures to the Black Death,and to conducting a comparative study of the plague spread in Yuan and Europe and its impact on ethnic Bathing Cultures,reckoning to present informative information to regular prevention and control of the following pandemics.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2007CB407204)~~
文摘Ridge tillage, which is a very common and important tillage measure in the black soil area of northeast China, has some soil and water conservation bene- fits, but has little attention. It is very important to explore the spatial distribution of the ridge direction of the arable land and its soil and water conservation benefits in different terrain conditions in the black soil area. So Binxian County of Heilongjiang Province was selected as the study area, and 168 field investigation units were ex- tracted by stratified sampling method and investigated. According to equations of slope gradient factor and slope gradient in ridge direction, and based on the soft- ware of Arcmap, SPSS and Excel, the investigation data of soil and water loss in Binxian County were analyzed and counted, The results show that in plain, hilly and mountainous areas, the average ground slope gradients are 1.92°, 6.20° and 8.27° respectively, and the average slope gradients along ridge direction are 1.33°, 4.52°and 6.45° respectively, which account for about 70%, 73% and 78% of the average ground slope gradients in the same terrain condition; the relative quantities of soil erosion in the present ridge tillage condition account for about 55%, 69% and 67% respectively of that in down-slope ridge tillage conditions, so the present ridge tillage has obviously relative soil and water conservation benefits. Based on these results, the reasons of the present ridge tillage status were analyzed, and some reform measures were proposed. The results could not only help to comprehend the spatial distribution and soil and water conservation benefits of ridge tillage in the black soil area of Northeast China, but also provide scientific references for the layout of local soil and water conservation measures.
文摘We put forth three modes of black hole formation, i.e. (1) A black hole kern forms initially inside the collapsing star. (2) The different mass shells of the collapsing star fulfils the Schwarzschild condition simultaneously. (3) Only the outmost mass shell of the collapsing star fulfils the Schwarzschild condition. We then calculate the entropy of the collapsing star for modes (1) and (3) and find that they are only 10-19 times the entropy of black hole. Modes (1) may be occure during the supernova explosions or galaxy explosions. Mode (3) may be occur in the formation of galactic black hole.
文摘The paper presents the results of a comprehensive monitoring of the polygon： ＂Odessa Region, north-western part of the Black Sea＂ for the period 2009-2011. It is shown that most of the copper and nickel is brought into the sea from the catchment area, and zinc and cadmium are mainly of the autochthonous origin. It is found that in 2010, after heavy rains, the area of bottom sediments contaminated by copper and nickel was increased. The main source of copper in the sea is vast vineyards.
文摘Long-term evolution of the Black Sea dynamics （1980-2020） is reconstructed by means of numerical simulation. The model of the Black Sea circulation is z-coordinate model with 4.8 km horizontal space resolution and 40 levels in vertical direction. Mixing processes in the upper layer are parameterized with the Mellor-Yamada turbulent model. As for the boundary conditions on the sea surface, we used atmospheric forcing functions for the Black Sea region provided by CMCC using regional climate model COSMO-CLM. These data have a spatial resolution of 14km and a daily temporal resolution. To evaluate the quality of the Black Sea circulation dynamics, derived from simulation, the modeling results are compared with results of the Black Sea physical reanalysis. This reanalysis was performed by assimilating the temperature and salinity profiles from hydrographic surveys conducted during 1971-1993.
文摘The article gives an overview on the dynamic political processes in the Black Sea region after some major geostrategic changes posing instability concerns in the region. The aim is to summarise the policy tendencies of the international organisations （NATO and EU） towards Russia and to present some analytical thoughts on current Euro-Atlantic strategies. Proposed is a different way of thinking based on the ＂congagement＂ approach.
文摘Edgar Allan Poe was an American poet, short fiction writer and critic. He was also a master of the horror tale, and the pa-tron saint of the detective story. Based on the perspective of Freud's"uncanny"theory,this paper analyzes the creation of the effectof terror and explores the theme of The Black Cat.
文摘Edgar Allan Poe is one of the representative writers in American Dark Romanticism.Different from his contemporaries,the majority of Poe's short stories are characterized by irrational narration.Whether from narration technique or elements,The Black Cat is the best elucidation of such narration.Thus,this thesis is devoted to a condensed study of irrational narration in The Black Cat,holding views that Poe's contribution in promoting the development of American literature and continuing the American dream is profound and significant.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32293190,32293192)National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFA0709501)+4 种基金M.L.is supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11971459)W.Z.is supported in part by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDPB17)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31970566)National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFC1406902 and 2018YFC0910400)The Duke-NUS team was supported in part by a grant from the Singapore National Research Foundation(NRFCRP10-2012-05).
文摘As the only mammalian group capable of powered flight,bats have many unique biological traits.Previous comparative genomic studies in bats have focused on long-term evolution.However,the microevolutionary processes driving recent evolution are largely under-explored.Using resequencing data from 50 black flying foxes(Pteropus alecto),one of the model species for bats,we find that black flying fox has much higher genetic diversity and lower levels of linkage disequilibrium than most of the mammalian species.Demographic inference reveals strong population fluctuations(>100 fold)coinciding with multiple historical events including the last glacial change and Toba super eruption,suggesting that the black flying fox is a very resilient species with strong recovery abilities.While long-term adaptation in the black flying fox is enriched in metabolic genes,recent adaptation in the black flying fox has a unique landscape where recently selected genes are not strongly enriched in any functional category.The demographic history and mode of adaptation suggest that black flying fox might be a well-adapted species with strong evolutionary resilience.Taken together,this study unravels a vibrant landscape of recent evolution for the black flying fox and sheds light on several unique evolutionary processes for bats comparing to other mammalian groups.
文摘The long rib of the sounding membrane in the black cicada is an analog to the beam clamped at one end. The fundamental frequency of activation sound is between 3900-5500 Hz and is basically consistent with the possible range of the main peak frequency ( MPF) of song in the black cicada. The operculum (Op), tymbal cover (TC) and joint membrane (JM)are respectively analogous to a unifor square plate clamped at one edge and free at the others, to another plate at two opposite sides and free at the other, and to a rectangular membrane clamped at four sides. The fundamental frequencies of activated vibration are basically consistent with theMPFs and main high frequency components of vibrations of the Op, TC and JM, respectively.The resonant cavity and spiracles on both sides are analogous to a current resonace circuit and to a resistance connected in parallel at the output ends, and the resonant frequency and quality factor of the circuit are in good agreement with the MPF and its tuning sharpness of son the black cicada.
文摘TWENTY years ago, while working in the rich black soil of the northeast, I came to know a Mr. Li. He was the blacksmith with the production team I worked on, the Heilongjiang Production & Construction Corps.His daughter, Li Yemei, is now a student at Beijing University. She had been admitted to China’s most famous university because of her outstanding achievements in sports. A marathon runner, she had won 13 championships in national and international competitions. In China, any athlete who has broken a world record or performed outstandingly in any of the three most important international events—the Olympic Games, the World Championships, or the World Cup—is given access to a university education without taking the usual entrance examination. Yemei had dreamed of attending Beijing University since she was a little girl, and that’s the university she chose to attend when she retired from professional competitions.
文摘Prof.Packer是美国Carleton College的一位教授,他所任教的课程是International Politics and Global Economic Relations。如果在该大学评选杰出教授,他也许够榜上题名的资格。 因为,他如此博学:Ask him anything and you will never be disappointed. 因为,他的教学方法如此独到:…he is so good at steering the discussionthat everyone in the class is fully activated. 此君的另一个特点是“其貌不扬”:He is quiet.and even a bit shy—I neversaw him attract much attention outside classroom.可是,一旦站上讲台,他即刻判若两人,容光焕发,滔滔不绝,是那样的erudite(博学的).eloquent(雄辩的).witty(诙谐的).smart(潇洒的)！ 更重要的是:Everyone in class was trying totalk smartly like him.I have never talked so much in the classroom before.然而,他是一位黑人。 这个事实竟然让毛小姐有几分惊诧。她甚至想: But then I got a strange feeling that this Prof.Packer on the podium isplaying the Prof.Packer in my mind. 因为:I have taken it for granted that Mr.Packer is a Caucasian. 接着,毛小姐扪心自问:Why did I rule out(排除在外)the possibility of MrPacker being
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40875021 and 40930951)the project of the State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather,Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences (Grant No. 2009LASW-A03)
文摘Based on the temperature of the black body (TBB),station observed and NCEP reanalysis data,the impacts of the eastward propagation of convective cloud systems over the Tibetan Plateau on the southwest vortex (SWV) formation that occurred at 1800 UTC on 29 June 2003 are analyzed by using the Zwack-Okossi (Z-O) equation to diagnose the thermal and dynamic processes.It is found that,in summer,severe convective activities often occur over the Tibetan Plateau due to the abundant supply of moisture.The convective cloud near the east edge of the plateau could move eastward with a shortwave trough in the westerly.The divergent center that is induced by latent heat release,which is associated with severe convective activities,moves out with the convective cloud and contributes to the low level decompression which is favorable for the formation of plateau edge cyclogenesis (PEC).The Z-O equation indicates that,in this case,the latent heat release and convergence are the two most important factors for SWV formation,which amounts to about 42% and 15% of the term TOTAL,respectively.It is implied that the thermal process effect was more important than the dynamic process during SWV formation.
文摘This paper extends Parikh-Wilzcek＇s recent work, which treats the Hawking radiation as a semi-classical tunnelling process from the event horizon of four dimensional Schwarzshild and Reissner-Nordstrom black holes, to that of arbitrarily dimensional Reissner-Nordstrom de Sitter black hole. The result shows that the tunnelling rate is related to the change of Bekenstein-Hawking entropy and the factually radiant spectrum is no longer precisely thermal after taking the dynamical black hole background and energy conservation into account, but is consistent with the underlying unitary theory and then satisfies the first law of the black hole thermodynamics. Meanwhile, in Parikh-Wilzcek＇s framework, this paper points out that the information conservation is only suitable for the reversible process but in highly unstable evaporating black hole （irreversible process） the information loss is possible.
文摘1 Introduction The salt lakes of the Crimea contain the practically inexhaustible sources of salts of sodium,magnesium,bromine and other chemical elements(Ponizovskii,1965),being the potential powerful raw materials base for the
文摘1 Introduction It is known that more than 300 lakes and lagoons are present in the Crimean Peninsula,which are divided depending on position to 7 groups:Perekop,Tarkhankut,Evpatoriyskaya,Khersonesskaya,lake on the mountainpastures,Kerch and Genicheskaya.Almost the all lakes,with the exception of the small freshwater lakes,which situated on mountain pastures of the Main ridge of
基金The work was supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of China(No.2016ZX05004-004)PetroChina Project(Comprehensive petroleum geology study as well as optimazation of replacement fields and risk target of evaluation in Sinian Cambrian in Tarim Basin).
文摘Due to deep burial of Precambrian in Tarim Basin,no breakthrough in the hydrocarbon exploration has been achieved from these strata,and development of high-quality source rocks is also uncertain.More than 30 exploratory wells have been drilled in the southwest Tarim Basin and the pediment region of Kunlun Mountains with a total area of more than 100103 km2.Though some marine oil/gas fields such as Hetianhe,Bashituopu,Yubei and Luosi 2 have been discovered,the Cambrian or Ordovician source rocks have not been drilled,and hydrocarbon source still remain controversial.Recently,a set of thick black shales and mudstones has been found in the southwest Tarim Basin.The total thickness of mudstones is more than 140 m,and the total organic carbon mainly ranges from 0.6%to 1.9%with an average of 1.0%.Tmax is from 490C to 520C,equivalent to Ro from 1.99%to 2.99%.Pyrites are very rich in mudstone.According to stratigraphic contact relationship and isotopic chronology,this mudstone may have the age of more than 517 Ma,and is tentatively named as the“Western Kunlun black rock series”.Through the plate tectonic analysis,this set of thick black mudstones is possibly distributed widely in the southwest Tarim Basin,and its formation may be controlled by the aulacogen.This set of black mudstones may be an important source rocks in the southwest Tarim Basin,which suggest that the Precambrian-Cambrian strata in Tarim Basin has geological conditions for hydrocarbon accumulations.This discovery of the black thick mudstones in the southwest Tarim Basin will promote hydrocarbon exploration in the deep and ultra-deep strata of the Tarim Basin.
