Fuzziness is an internal property of spatial objects.How to model fuzziness of a spatial object is a main task of next generation GIS.This paper proposes basic fuzzy spatial object types based on fuzzy topology.These ...Fuzziness is an internal property of spatial objects.How to model fuzziness of a spatial object is a main task of next generation GIS.This paper proposes basic fuzzy spatial object types based on fuzzy topology.These object types are the natural extension of current nonfuzzy spatial object types.A fuzzy cell complex structure is defined for modeling fuzzy regions,lines and points.Furthermore,fuzzy topological relations between these fuzzy spatial objects are formalized based on the 9intersection approach.This model can be implemented for GIS applications due to its scientific theory basis.展开更多
To design retrieval algorithm of spatial relations for spatial objects with randomness in GIS,this paper builds up the membership functions based on set theory idea,used for determination of topological spatial relati...To design retrieval algorithm of spatial relations for spatial objects with randomness in GIS,this paper builds up the membership functions based on set theory idea,used for determination of topological spatial relations between random objects,such as between point and point,point and line or polygon,which provides theoretical basis for retrieving spatial relations between certain and random objects.Finally,this paper interprets detailed methods and steps of realizing them by means of some simple examples under the GIS’s environment.展开更多
To address the issues of limited demand response data,low generalization of demand response potential evaluation,and poor demand response effect,the article proposes a demand response potential feature extraction and ...To address the issues of limited demand response data,low generalization of demand response potential evaluation,and poor demand response effect,the article proposes a demand response potential feature extraction and prediction model based on data mining and a demand response potential assessment model for adjustable loads in demand response scenarios based on subjective and objective weight analysis.Firstly,based on the demand response process and demand response behavior,obtain demand response characteristics that characterize the process and behavior.Secondly,establish a feature extraction and prediction model based on data mining,including similar day clustering,time series decomposition,redundancy processing,and data prediction.The predicted values of each demand response feature on the response day are obtained.Thirdly,the predicted data of various characteristics on the response day are used as demand response potential evaluation indicators to represent different demand response scenarios and adjustable loads,and a demand response potential evaluation model based on subjective and objective weight allocation is established to calculate the demand response potential of different adjustable loads in different demand response scenarios.Finally,the effectiveness of the method proposed in the article is verified through examples,providing a reference for load aggregators to formulate demand response schemes.展开更多
To effectively quantify the impact of distributed photovoltaic(PV)access on the distribution network,this paper proposes a comprehensive evaluation method of distributed PV grid connection combining subjective and obj...To effectively quantify the impact of distributed photovoltaic(PV)access on the distribution network,this paper proposes a comprehensive evaluation method of distributed PV grid connection combining subjective and objective combination of assignment and technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution(TOPSIS)—rank sum ratio(RSR)(TOPSIS-RSR)method.Based on the traditional distribution network evaluation system,a comprehensive evaluation system has been constructed.It fully considers the new development requirements of distributed PV access on the environmental friendliness and absorptive capacity of the distribution grid and comprehensively reflects the impact of distributed PV grid connection.The analytic hierarchy process(AHP)was used to determine the subjective weights of the primary indicators,and the Spearman consistency test was combined to determine the weights of the secondary indicators based on three objective assignment methods.The subjective and objective combination weights of each assessment indicator were calculated through the principle of minimum entropy.Calculate the distance between the indicators to be evaluated and the positive and negative ideal solutions,the relative closeness ranking,and qualitative binning by TOPSIS-RSR method to obtain the comprehensive evaluation results of different scenarios.By setting up different PV grid-connected scenarios and utilizing the IEEE33 node simulation algorithm,the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed subject-object combination assignment and integrated assessment method are verified.展开更多
The description of line-line topological relations is still an unsolved issue although much effort has been done. The problem is involved in many practical applications such as spatial query, spatial analysis and cart...The description of line-line topological relations is still an unsolved issue although much effort has been done. The problem is involved in many practical applications such as spatial query, spatial analysis and cartographic generalization. To develop a sound and effective approach to describe line-line relations, it is first necessary to define the topology of an individual line, i.e., local topology. The concept of connective degree is used for the identification of topological differences in the geometric structure of a line. The general topological definition of a line is given, i.e., endpoints set and interior point set. This definition can be applied to the embedded spaces of different dimensions, whether co-dimension is equal to or larger than zero. On this basis, a generic model called the 4 intersection-and-difference is set up for the description of basic line-line topological relations, upon which a conceptual neighborhood graph is built with consideration of topological distance, it is concluded that the proposed model can represent the property of topological changes, and basic relations between line segments in IR^1 and IR^2.展开更多
The quality of object relations affects interpersonal behaviour, but it is not known whether it modifies effectiveness on personality functioning in psychotherapies of different mode and length. In this study we estim...The quality of object relations affects interpersonal behaviour, but it is not known whether it modifies effectiveness on personality functioning in psychotherapies of different mode and length. In this study we estimated the modifying effect of the quality of object relations on the effect of solution-focused therapy (SFT) and shortand long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy (SPP and LPP) on self-concept. A total of 326 patients were assessed at baseline with the Quality of Object Relations Scale (QORS) and 4 times during a 3-year follow-up with the Structural Analysis of Social Behavior self-concept questionnaire, comprising altogether 10 scores on different aspects of self-concept pathology. The effectiveness of SFT, but not SPP, was significantly poorer in several domains (5/10) of self-concept for patients with low QORS, i.e. those with less mature relational patterns, than for patients with high QORS, while the reversal occurred in some (3/10) self-concept domains in LPP. The results suggest that the quality of object relations has significance for treatment selection in therapies with different mode and length.展开更多
With the development of electric power industry,the requirement of information sharing and application integration between each application system is salience.To realize the real "sharing information,data mainten...With the development of electric power industry,the requirement of information sharing and application integration between each application system is salience.To realize the real "sharing information,data maintenance uniform",and effectively eliminate "island of information",a standard,open information model of power system should be followed urgently by different systems,and a common data interface should be provided.The Common Information Model(CIM) proposed by standard of IEC-61970 solve the problem effectively.The characteristics of the CIM Model and relational database of power system are analyzed,a mapping method between CIM model based on standard of IEC61970 and relational database is proposed,and corresponding problems between object-oriented model and the relational model are solved flexiblely.展开更多
The Rorschach Ego Impairment Index-2 (EII-2) has shown considerable validity as a measure of personality disturbance. However, few studies have been conducted on the associations between the EII-2 and measures related...The Rorschach Ego Impairment Index-2 (EII-2) has shown considerable validity as a measure of personality disturbance. However, few studies have been conducted on the associations between the EII-2 and measures related to ego strength and interpersonal capacities in mood and anxiety disorder patients. This study examined the strength of associations between the EII-2 and its subcomponents with measures of psychological suitability for psychotherapy, personality functioning, and interpersonal problems. A total of 315 outpatients with mood or anxiety disorders were assessed with the Rorschach Comprehensive System (RCS), comprising the EII-2, the Suitability for Psychotherapy Scale (SPS), the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP-64), and the Quality of Object Relations Scale (QORS), as part of a pre-treatment evaluation. The relatively weak associations found in the study between the EII-2 and the other measures were mostly in the hypothesized direction and often modified by personality pathology. Of the EII-2 subcomponents, the Good Human Representation (GHR) variable was associated with the SPS. The subcomponent Critical Contents were associated with the IIP and the subcomponent WSum6 with the IIP and QORS. Further research is needed to clarify whether the EII-2 has incremental validity in predicting the treatment outcome and alliance in comparison to interview-based and self-report measures.展开更多
《Lars and the Real Girl》是一部生动阐述精神分析中客体关系理论的影片。文章旨在结合Winnicott的客体关系理论,分析有严重心理问题的主人公如何通过充气娃娃这个过渡性客体,与外部世界的关系发生改变、从而修复创伤的过程。重点分...《Lars and the Real Girl》是一部生动阐述精神分析中客体关系理论的影片。文章旨在结合Winnicott的客体关系理论,分析有严重心理问题的主人公如何通过充气娃娃这个过渡性客体,与外部世界的关系发生改变、从而修复创伤的过程。重点分析主人公如何因生命中重要客体的丧失而形成创伤,如何从主观全能感走向具有现实检测能力,如何在主客体多重角色的互动中修复创伤,以及有哪些多重过渡空间带来了疗愈作用。展开更多
A soitable data model and data structure make underground survey objects maintained and operated easier. This paper gives a formal definition for underground survey objects. By making use of the quotient topological s...A soitable data model and data structure make underground survey objects maintained and operated easier. This paper gives a formal definition for underground survey objects. By making use of the quotient topological space, the author studies the logical relations among underground survey objects, a partiallyordered space uuder some conditions. An example is given to show the data model’s possible applications.展开更多
Currently,psychiatry lacks a field that can be called“theoretical psychiatry”,which uses theoretical concepts and explanatory models:The main stream of research is to collect data of all kinds in the hope that the c...Currently,psychiatry lacks a field that can be called“theoretical psychiatry”,which uses theoretical concepts and explanatory models:The main stream of research is to collect data of all kinds in the hope that the computational Big Data approach will shed a bright light on the black box of mental disorders.Accordingly,the biology-based Research Domain Criteria of the National Institute of Mental Health have been established.However,as philosophical analyses of concepts and methods have shown,several epistemological gaps stand in the way of a consistent multilevel understanding of mental disorders.Also,the implicit ontological problems in the biological reduction of the psychosocial level and in the integration of so-called hard and soft disciplines are mostly left out.As a consequence,a non-reductive psychological theory of mental disorders is sought that also integrates correlating biological and sociological issues.In this context,one example of promising nonreductive psychiatric research is the option of systems/network psychopathology.The possibilities for integrating different psychological perspectives are highlighted for the field of addiction research and treatment,where pragmatic behaviorist approaches dominate over the theorybased practice of psychoanalysis.In comparing the theoretical constructs of these two approaches,the relevance of the concept of“(social)environment”as the wealth of influential sociocultural factors is discussed at levels superior to the interpersonal micro-level,namely the organizational meso-and societal macro level,which is not sufficiently considered in current biopsychiatry.On this basis of argumentation,the usefulness of grounding and framing psychiatry through the field of ecological sciences,especially human ecology,is demonstrated.Finally,to this end,an outline of an ecological model of mental health and illness is presented.展开更多
Issue on illegal logging and related trade is a hot topic for the international community. It has brought the negative effects to the sustainable development on global society, economy and ecology, which is also one o...Issue on illegal logging and related trade is a hot topic for the international community. It has brought the negative effects to the sustainable development on global society, economy and ecology, which is also one of the main objectives of international cooperation to combat with. At present, subjects of international law play a decisive role in combating illegal logging and related trade. The subjects of international law generally refer to states, intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) and part of non-governmental organizations (NGOs), which can have an independent international legal personality, enjoy rights and assume obligations of international law. As a responsible big country of the international community and state member of intergovernmental organizations and international treaties of forest resources protection, China ought to fully perform the obligations of international law. In face of illegal logging and related trade around the world, China should rationally tackle with it, resolutely crack down on it, and finally choose the sustainable development strategy based on rule of law.展开更多
Background: The thyroid status is evaluated by two clinical diagnostic tests which are thyroid ultrasonography and thyroid function tests. The objective of this research is to critically analyze the age and gender bas...Background: The thyroid status is evaluated by two clinical diagnostic tests which are thyroid ultrasonography and thyroid function tests. The objective of this research is to critically analyze the age and gender based variations of thyroid volume and thyroid hormone levels in the hospital based euthyroid subjects. Methodology: A total of 221 euthyroid subjects aged 1 - 86 years were selected to observe the normal thyroid size by ultrasonography at Department of Radiology and the thyroid function test values (FT3, FT4 and TSH) of 2413 euthyroid subjects aged (Results: The best fitted equations with significant correlation coefficients and p Conclusion: The thyroid size first increases and then decreases whereas the thyroxin level first decreases and then increases with aging. Left lobe volume is almost same for both genders and right lobe volume is higher in males. The thyroid size in menarche and menopause periods of females is larger than that of males. Such age- and gender-specific changes recommend the new refer-ence ranges for the normal thyroid functions.展开更多
Finding that in the formula of expansion of a function into a series of wave-like functions ?the coefficients are its Fourier transforms, if existed, we deduce mathematically all the principles and hypothesis that ill...Finding that in the formula of expansion of a function into a series of wave-like functions ?the coefficients are its Fourier transforms, if existed, we deduce mathematically all the principles and hypothesis that illustrated physicists utilized to build quantum mechanics a century ago, beginning with the duality particle-wave principle of Planck and including the Schrödinger equations. By the way, we find a simple Fourier transform relation between Dirac momentum and position bras and a useful permutation relation between operators in phase and Hilbert spaces. Moreover, from the found particle-wave duality formula we prove and obtain again essentially by mathematical analysis all the laws of wave optics concerning reflections, refractions, polarizations, diffractions by one or many identical 3D objects with various forms and dimensions.展开更多
One of the key current challenges in urban design and planning worldwide is the notion of “scale”, which is important in various levels of decision making for urban spaces such as squares. How “scale” is defined i...One of the key current challenges in urban design and planning worldwide is the notion of “scale”, which is important in various levels of decision making for urban spaces such as squares. How “scale” is defined in the field of design and planning will lead to divergent approaches towards urban spaces, such as adaptation, obeying, alteration, and neglect. In order to create successful urban spaces with suitable scales that respond to users’ expectations, it is necessary to minimize the gap between the subjectivity and objectivity, and to this end, this paper studies the chronological process of such changes in Tehran and their impact on the design of one type of space: the urban square. Furthermore, this paper aims to identify if and how the subjectivity and objectivity of squares in Tehran have been changed as a result of chronological phases of transformation, particularly since the foundation of the city in 1524. The findings reveal how aspects of the city’s squares are disappearing, but need to be revived to achieve socio-cultural sustainability. The main methods applied include a review of the related literature, an appropriate analysis, and direct observation.展开更多
Constantin Stanislavski＇s Russian acting system, further developed by contemporary methodological practices, and Maurice Merleau-Ponty＇s philosophy of the body as object-subject are compared to illustrate how simple...Constantin Stanislavski＇s Russian acting system, further developed by contemporary methodological practices, and Maurice Merleau-Ponty＇s philosophy of the body as object-subject are compared to illustrate how simple, learned techniques can assist in the production of authentic and transparent interrelational presence. Authentic presence requires three components： （1） honest exposition of a person＇s singular, essential being; （2） empathy towards the needs of other, distinct and separate from the self; and （3） mutual reciprocation, which means giving back or responding somewhat equitably to the other with whom the self is in communication, and accepting the same respondence from the other if afforded. The comprehension of Merleau-Ponty＇s ontology combined with Stanislavski＇s performance technique is uniquely suited to interpersonal communications in the ＇real world＇. Stanislavski＇s artistic vision demands an intensity of attentive involvement in order to achieve onstage authenticity. Merleau-Ponty provides supportive philosophical schematics, especially in his controversial but effective use of the expression ＇flesh＇. While this study may initially appear to focus on the artist, the development of interrelational skills is reliably applicable to anyone who desires to obtain a higher degree of authenticity in collaborative presence.展开更多
This study aimed to explore how processes of innovation are perceived and managed in micro and small service-oriented companies in Campinas, i.e., verifying how people in these companies understand, identify, and mana...This study aimed to explore how processes of innovation are perceived and managed in micro and small service-oriented companies in Campinas, i.e., verifying how people in these companies understand, identify, and manage innovation （what tools or methodologies）. Innovation is not a new concept, but its perception as a process, detached from randomness, is. This understanding is what allows its management as a tool to improve results and competitiveness, and to the perpetuation of the company. The research had a qualitative approach that consisted in the content analysis of structured interviews held with 10 respondents of five different companies, using eight innovation-focused questions, adapted from the Brazilian National Quality Foundation （FNQ）. After interviews, four categories were identified： innovation understanding, innovative ambience, innovation process management, and learning during the process--the first two regarding the subjective features of innovation and the latter two the objective features. Analysis outcome has shown that companies understand the concept and importance of innovation, but still do not see it as a process, which leads them to try isolated initiatives, usually executed by instinct only. Due to the fact that innovation is not considered as a process, most practices encourage generation of ideas, instead of goals, key performance indicators （KPIs）, and learning--this latter one, only occurs informally and over time.展开更多
The mood is intended to send poetry lyric and a form of expressive, while the Chinese have a long attention of the ＂mood＂ to convey tradition and from the east, we can see the nation＇ s awareness of thinking, orien...The mood is intended to send poetry lyric and a form of expressive, while the Chinese have a long attention of the ＂mood＂ to convey tradition and from the east, we can see the nation＇ s awareness of thinking, oriental poet emphasis of things＇ teaser, expression of mood. Therefore, secondary school teachers in the resolution of the ＂Chinese New Standard＂ in Chinese classical poetry pay attention to poetry with the main objective unity, and the traditional interpretation of metaphor Fu poetry ＂mood.＂展开更多
Insole fabric made of cotton / spandex blended was selected ,and 30 female college students or graduate whose body close to 160/84A were choose. Combined with the objective assessment of pressure test and subjective s...Insole fabric made of cotton / spandex blended was selected ,and 30 female college students or graduate whose body close to 160/84A were choose. Combined with the objective assessment of pressure test and subjective stress method to evaluate pressure comfort of shoe pad based on football movement. The results show that the pressure produced in different activities is different from the parts of human body .Every parts which support the clothing pressure are different, and the threshold of buffer against stress shoe pad pressure comfort were concluded.展开更多
文摘Fuzziness is an internal property of spatial objects.How to model fuzziness of a spatial object is a main task of next generation GIS.This paper proposes basic fuzzy spatial object types based on fuzzy topology.These object types are the natural extension of current nonfuzzy spatial object types.A fuzzy cell complex structure is defined for modeling fuzzy regions,lines and points.Furthermore,fuzzy topological relations between these fuzzy spatial objects are formalized based on the 9intersection approach.This model can be implemented for GIS applications due to its scientific theory basis.
文摘To design retrieval algorithm of spatial relations for spatial objects with randomness in GIS,this paper builds up the membership functions based on set theory idea,used for determination of topological spatial relations between random objects,such as between point and point,point and line or polygon,which provides theoretical basis for retrieving spatial relations between certain and random objects.Finally,this paper interprets detailed methods and steps of realizing them by means of some simple examples under the GIS’s environment.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China Youth Fund,Research on Security Low Carbon Collaborative Situation Awareness of Comprehensive Energy System from the Perspective of Dynamic Security Domain(52307130).
文摘To address the issues of limited demand response data,low generalization of demand response potential evaluation,and poor demand response effect,the article proposes a demand response potential feature extraction and prediction model based on data mining and a demand response potential assessment model for adjustable loads in demand response scenarios based on subjective and objective weight analysis.Firstly,based on the demand response process and demand response behavior,obtain demand response characteristics that characterize the process and behavior.Secondly,establish a feature extraction and prediction model based on data mining,including similar day clustering,time series decomposition,redundancy processing,and data prediction.The predicted values of each demand response feature on the response day are obtained.Thirdly,the predicted data of various characteristics on the response day are used as demand response potential evaluation indicators to represent different demand response scenarios and adjustable loads,and a demand response potential evaluation model based on subjective and objective weight allocation is established to calculate the demand response potential of different adjustable loads in different demand response scenarios.Finally,the effectiveness of the method proposed in the article is verified through examples,providing a reference for load aggregators to formulate demand response schemes.
基金support of the project“State Grid Corporation Headquarters Science and Technology Program(5108-202299258A-1-0-ZB)”.
文摘To effectively quantify the impact of distributed photovoltaic(PV)access on the distribution network,this paper proposes a comprehensive evaluation method of distributed PV grid connection combining subjective and objective combination of assignment and technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution(TOPSIS)—rank sum ratio(RSR)(TOPSIS-RSR)method.Based on the traditional distribution network evaluation system,a comprehensive evaluation system has been constructed.It fully considers the new development requirements of distributed PV access on the environmental friendliness and absorptive capacity of the distribution grid and comprehensively reflects the impact of distributed PV grid connection.The analytic hierarchy process(AHP)was used to determine the subjective weights of the primary indicators,and the Spearman consistency test was combined to determine the weights of the secondary indicators based on three objective assignment methods.The subjective and objective combination weights of each assessment indicator were calculated through the principle of minimum entropy.Calculate the distance between the indicators to be evaluated and the positive and negative ideal solutions,the relative closeness ranking,and qualitative binning by TOPSIS-RSR method to obtain the comprehensive evaluation results of different scenarios.By setting up different PV grid-connected scenarios and utilizing the IEEE33 node simulation algorithm,the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed subject-object combination assignment and integrated assessment method are verified.
基金Funded by the National Science Foundation of China （No. 40501053）, the Hong Kong RGC Project （PolyU 5228/06E）, and the Key Laboratory of Geo-informatics of State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping （No. 200635）.
文摘The description of line-line topological relations is still an unsolved issue although much effort has been done. The problem is involved in many practical applications such as spatial query, spatial analysis and cartographic generalization. To develop a sound and effective approach to describe line-line relations, it is first necessary to define the topology of an individual line, i.e., local topology. The concept of connective degree is used for the identification of topological differences in the geometric structure of a line. The general topological definition of a line is given, i.e., endpoints set and interior point set. This definition can be applied to the embedded spaces of different dimensions, whether co-dimension is equal to or larger than zero. On this basis, a generic model called the 4 intersection-and-difference is set up for the description of basic line-line topological relations, upon which a conceptual neighborhood graph is built with consideration of topological distance, it is concluded that the proposed model can represent the property of topological changes, and basic relations between line segments in IR^1 and IR^2.
文摘The quality of object relations affects interpersonal behaviour, but it is not known whether it modifies effectiveness on personality functioning in psychotherapies of different mode and length. In this study we estimated the modifying effect of the quality of object relations on the effect of solution-focused therapy (SFT) and shortand long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy (SPP and LPP) on self-concept. A total of 326 patients were assessed at baseline with the Quality of Object Relations Scale (QORS) and 4 times during a 3-year follow-up with the Structural Analysis of Social Behavior self-concept questionnaire, comprising altogether 10 scores on different aspects of self-concept pathology. The effectiveness of SFT, but not SPP, was significantly poorer in several domains (5/10) of self-concept for patients with low QORS, i.e. those with less mature relational patterns, than for patients with high QORS, while the reversal occurred in some (3/10) self-concept domains in LPP. The results suggest that the quality of object relations has significance for treatment selection in therapies with different mode and length.
文摘With the development of electric power industry,the requirement of information sharing and application integration between each application system is salience.To realize the real "sharing information,data maintenance uniform",and effectively eliminate "island of information",a standard,open information model of power system should be followed urgently by different systems,and a common data interface should be provided.The Common Information Model(CIM) proposed by standard of IEC-61970 solve the problem effectively.The characteristics of the CIM Model and relational database of power system are analyzed,a mapping method between CIM model based on standard of IEC61970 and relational database is proposed,and corresponding problems between object-oriented model and the relational model are solved flexiblely.
文摘The Rorschach Ego Impairment Index-2 (EII-2) has shown considerable validity as a measure of personality disturbance. However, few studies have been conducted on the associations between the EII-2 and measures related to ego strength and interpersonal capacities in mood and anxiety disorder patients. This study examined the strength of associations between the EII-2 and its subcomponents with measures of psychological suitability for psychotherapy, personality functioning, and interpersonal problems. A total of 315 outpatients with mood or anxiety disorders were assessed with the Rorschach Comprehensive System (RCS), comprising the EII-2, the Suitability for Psychotherapy Scale (SPS), the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP-64), and the Quality of Object Relations Scale (QORS), as part of a pre-treatment evaluation. The relatively weak associations found in the study between the EII-2 and the other measures were mostly in the hypothesized direction and often modified by personality pathology. Of the EII-2 subcomponents, the Good Human Representation (GHR) variable was associated with the SPS. The subcomponent Critical Contents were associated with the IIP and the subcomponent WSum6 with the IIP and QORS. Further research is needed to clarify whether the EII-2 has incremental validity in predicting the treatment outcome and alliance in comparison to interview-based and self-report measures.
文摘《Lars and the Real Girl》是一部生动阐述精神分析中客体关系理论的影片。文章旨在结合Winnicott的客体关系理论,分析有严重心理问题的主人公如何通过充气娃娃这个过渡性客体,与外部世界的关系发生改变、从而修复创伤的过程。重点分析主人公如何因生命中重要客体的丧失而形成创伤,如何从主观全能感走向具有现实检测能力,如何在主客体多重角色的互动中修复创伤,以及有哪些多重过渡空间带来了疗愈作用。
文摘A soitable data model and data structure make underground survey objects maintained and operated easier. This paper gives a formal definition for underground survey objects. By making use of the quotient topological space, the author studies the logical relations among underground survey objects, a partiallyordered space uuder some conditions. An example is given to show the data model’s possible applications.
文摘Currently,psychiatry lacks a field that can be called“theoretical psychiatry”,which uses theoretical concepts and explanatory models:The main stream of research is to collect data of all kinds in the hope that the computational Big Data approach will shed a bright light on the black box of mental disorders.Accordingly,the biology-based Research Domain Criteria of the National Institute of Mental Health have been established.However,as philosophical analyses of concepts and methods have shown,several epistemological gaps stand in the way of a consistent multilevel understanding of mental disorders.Also,the implicit ontological problems in the biological reduction of the psychosocial level and in the integration of so-called hard and soft disciplines are mostly left out.As a consequence,a non-reductive psychological theory of mental disorders is sought that also integrates correlating biological and sociological issues.In this context,one example of promising nonreductive psychiatric research is the option of systems/network psychopathology.The possibilities for integrating different psychological perspectives are highlighted for the field of addiction research and treatment,where pragmatic behaviorist approaches dominate over the theorybased practice of psychoanalysis.In comparing the theoretical constructs of these two approaches,the relevance of the concept of“(social)environment”as the wealth of influential sociocultural factors is discussed at levels superior to the interpersonal micro-level,namely the organizational meso-and societal macro level,which is not sufficiently considered in current biopsychiatry.On this basis of argumentation,the usefulness of grounding and framing psychiatry through the field of ecological sciences,especially human ecology,is demonstrated.Finally,to this end,an outline of an ecological model of mental health and illness is presented.
文摘Issue on illegal logging and related trade is a hot topic for the international community. It has brought the negative effects to the sustainable development on global society, economy and ecology, which is also one of the main objectives of international cooperation to combat with. At present, subjects of international law play a decisive role in combating illegal logging and related trade. The subjects of international law generally refer to states, intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) and part of non-governmental organizations (NGOs), which can have an independent international legal personality, enjoy rights and assume obligations of international law. As a responsible big country of the international community and state member of intergovernmental organizations and international treaties of forest resources protection, China ought to fully perform the obligations of international law. In face of illegal logging and related trade around the world, China should rationally tackle with it, resolutely crack down on it, and finally choose the sustainable development strategy based on rule of law.
文摘Background: The thyroid status is evaluated by two clinical diagnostic tests which are thyroid ultrasonography and thyroid function tests. The objective of this research is to critically analyze the age and gender based variations of thyroid volume and thyroid hormone levels in the hospital based euthyroid subjects. Methodology: A total of 221 euthyroid subjects aged 1 - 86 years were selected to observe the normal thyroid size by ultrasonography at Department of Radiology and the thyroid function test values (FT3, FT4 and TSH) of 2413 euthyroid subjects aged (Results: The best fitted equations with significant correlation coefficients and p Conclusion: The thyroid size first increases and then decreases whereas the thyroxin level first decreases and then increases with aging. Left lobe volume is almost same for both genders and right lobe volume is higher in males. The thyroid size in menarche and menopause periods of females is larger than that of males. Such age- and gender-specific changes recommend the new refer-ence ranges for the normal thyroid functions.
文摘Finding that in the formula of expansion of a function into a series of wave-like functions ?the coefficients are its Fourier transforms, if existed, we deduce mathematically all the principles and hypothesis that illustrated physicists utilized to build quantum mechanics a century ago, beginning with the duality particle-wave principle of Planck and including the Schrödinger equations. By the way, we find a simple Fourier transform relation between Dirac momentum and position bras and a useful permutation relation between operators in phase and Hilbert spaces. Moreover, from the found particle-wave duality formula we prove and obtain again essentially by mathematical analysis all the laws of wave optics concerning reflections, refractions, polarizations, diffractions by one or many identical 3D objects with various forms and dimensions.
文摘One of the key current challenges in urban design and planning worldwide is the notion of “scale”, which is important in various levels of decision making for urban spaces such as squares. How “scale” is defined in the field of design and planning will lead to divergent approaches towards urban spaces, such as adaptation, obeying, alteration, and neglect. In order to create successful urban spaces with suitable scales that respond to users’ expectations, it is necessary to minimize the gap between the subjectivity and objectivity, and to this end, this paper studies the chronological process of such changes in Tehran and their impact on the design of one type of space: the urban square. Furthermore, this paper aims to identify if and how the subjectivity and objectivity of squares in Tehran have been changed as a result of chronological phases of transformation, particularly since the foundation of the city in 1524. The findings reveal how aspects of the city’s squares are disappearing, but need to be revived to achieve socio-cultural sustainability. The main methods applied include a review of the related literature, an appropriate analysis, and direct observation.
文摘Constantin Stanislavski＇s Russian acting system, further developed by contemporary methodological practices, and Maurice Merleau-Ponty＇s philosophy of the body as object-subject are compared to illustrate how simple, learned techniques can assist in the production of authentic and transparent interrelational presence. Authentic presence requires three components： （1） honest exposition of a person＇s singular, essential being; （2） empathy towards the needs of other, distinct and separate from the self; and （3） mutual reciprocation, which means giving back or responding somewhat equitably to the other with whom the self is in communication, and accepting the same respondence from the other if afforded. The comprehension of Merleau-Ponty＇s ontology combined with Stanislavski＇s performance technique is uniquely suited to interpersonal communications in the ＇real world＇. Stanislavski＇s artistic vision demands an intensity of attentive involvement in order to achieve onstage authenticity. Merleau-Ponty provides supportive philosophical schematics, especially in his controversial but effective use of the expression ＇flesh＇. While this study may initially appear to focus on the artist, the development of interrelational skills is reliably applicable to anyone who desires to obtain a higher degree of authenticity in collaborative presence.
文摘This study aimed to explore how processes of innovation are perceived and managed in micro and small service-oriented companies in Campinas, i.e., verifying how people in these companies understand, identify, and manage innovation （what tools or methodologies）. Innovation is not a new concept, but its perception as a process, detached from randomness, is. This understanding is what allows its management as a tool to improve results and competitiveness, and to the perpetuation of the company. The research had a qualitative approach that consisted in the content analysis of structured interviews held with 10 respondents of five different companies, using eight innovation-focused questions, adapted from the Brazilian National Quality Foundation （FNQ）. After interviews, four categories were identified： innovation understanding, innovative ambience, innovation process management, and learning during the process--the first two regarding the subjective features of innovation and the latter two the objective features. Analysis outcome has shown that companies understand the concept and importance of innovation, but still do not see it as a process, which leads them to try isolated initiatives, usually executed by instinct only. Due to the fact that innovation is not considered as a process, most practices encourage generation of ideas, instead of goals, key performance indicators （KPIs）, and learning--this latter one, only occurs informally and over time.
文摘The mood is intended to send poetry lyric and a form of expressive, while the Chinese have a long attention of the ＂mood＂ to convey tradition and from the east, we can see the nation＇ s awareness of thinking, oriental poet emphasis of things＇ teaser, expression of mood. Therefore, secondary school teachers in the resolution of the ＂Chinese New Standard＂ in Chinese classical poetry pay attention to poetry with the main objective unity, and the traditional interpretation of metaphor Fu poetry ＂mood.＂
文摘Insole fabric made of cotton / spandex blended was selected ,and 30 female college students or graduate whose body close to 160/84A were choose. Combined with the objective assessment of pressure test and subjective stress method to evaluate pressure comfort of shoe pad based on football movement. The results show that the pressure produced in different activities is different from the parts of human body .Every parts which support the clothing pressure are different, and the threshold of buffer against stress shoe pad pressure comfort were concluded.
