Loquat(Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.)is a subtropical evergreen fruit tree that produces fruits with abundant nutrients and medicinal components.Confirming suitable reference genes for a set of loquat samples before qRT-...Loquat(Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.)is a subtropical evergreen fruit tree that produces fruits with abundant nutrients and medicinal components.Confirming suitable reference genes for a set of loquat samples before qRT-PCR experiments is essential for the accurate quantification of gene expression.In this study,eight candidate reference genes were selected from our previously published RNA-seq data,and primers for each candidate reference gene were designed and evaluated.The Cq values of the candidate reference genes were calculated by RT-qPCR in 31 different loquat samples,including 12 subgroups of developing or abiotic-stressed tissues.Different combinations of stable reference genes were screened according to a comprehensive rank,which was synthesized from the results of four algorithms,including the geNorm,NormFinder,BestKeeper andΔCt methods.The screened reference genes were verified by normalizing EjLGA1 in each subgroup.The obtained suitable combinations of reference genes for accurate normalization were GAPDH,EF1αand ACT for floral development;GAPDH,UBCE and ACT for fruit setting;EF1α,GAPDH and eIF2B for fruit ripening;ACT,EF1αand UBCE for leaves under heat stress;eIF2B,UBCE and EF1αfor leaves under freezing stress;EF1α,TUA and UBCE for leaves under salt stress;ACT,EF1αand eIF2B for immature pulp under freezing stress;ACT,UBCE and eIF2B for immature seeds under freezing stress;EF1α,eIF2B and UBCE for both immature pulp and seeds under freezing stress;UBCE,TUB and TUA for red-fleshed fruits under cold-storage stress;eIF2B,RPS3 and TUB for white-fleshed fruits under coldstorage stress;and eIF2B,UBCE and RPS3 for both red-and white-fleshed fruits under cold-storage stress.This study obtained different combinations of stable reference genes for accurate normalization in twelve subgroups of developing or abiotic-stressed tissues in loquat.To our knowledge,this is the first report to obtain stable reference genes for normalizing gene expression of abiotic-stressed tissues in E.japonica.The use of the three most stable reference genes could increase the reliability of future quantification experiments.展开更多
The cavitation dynamics and mechanical stress in viscoelastic tissues, as the primary mechanisms of some ultrasound therapies, are extremely complex due to the interactions of cavitation bubble with adjacent bubbles a...The cavitation dynamics and mechanical stress in viscoelastic tissues, as the primary mechanisms of some ultrasound therapies, are extremely complex due to the interactions of cavitation bubble with adjacent bubbles and surrounding tissues.Therefore, the cavitation dynamics and resultant mechanical stress of two-interacting bubbles in the viscoelastic tissues are numerically investigated, especially focusing on the effects of the adjacent bubble. The results demonstrate that the mechanical stress is highly dependent on the bubble dynamics. The compressive stress and tensile stress are generated at the stage of bubble expansion and collapse stage, respectively. Furthermore, within the initial parameters examined in this paper, the effects of the adjacent bubble will distinctly suppress the radial expansion of the small bubble and consequently lead its associated stresses to decrease. Owing to the superimposition of two stress fields, the mechanical stresses surrounding the small bubble in the direction of the neighboring bubble are smaller than those in other directions. For two interacting cavitation bubbles, the suppression effects of the nearby bubble on both the cavitation dynamics and the stresses surrounding the small bubble increase as the ultrasound amplitude and the initial radius of the large bubble increase, whereas they decrease with the inter-bubble distance increasing. Moreover, increasing the tissue viscoelasticity will reduce the suppression effects of the nearby bubble, except in instances where the compressive stress and tensile stress first increase and then decrease with the tissue elasticity and viscosity increasing respectively. This study can provide a further understanding of the mechanisms of cavitation-associated mechanical damage to the adjacent tissues or cells.展开更多
Tissue dielectric properties can vary upon the incident of an acoustic wave.The goal of this study is to quantify this change due to the acoustoelectric effect(AE),and to obtain the frequency-dependent dielectric prop...Tissue dielectric properties can vary upon the incident of an acoustic wave.The goal of this study is to quantify this change due to the acoustoelectric effect(AE),and to obtain the frequency-dependent dielectric properties of tissues exposed to low-intensity focused ultrasound(LIFU).The dielectric properties of the blood,brain,chest muscle,heart,kidney,leg muscle,liver,lung,pancreas,and spleen of rats were measured by an open-ended coaxial probe method.The acoustic intensity of LIFU focus was 2.97 MPa(67.6 W/cm^(2)),3.95 MPa(120 W/cm^(2)),and 5.17 MPa(204 W/cm^(2)),respectively,and the measurement frequency band was 0.1–7.08 GHz.The measurement results show that with the LIFU modulation,the conductivity and dielectric constant decreased in the high-frequency band,and on the contrary,they increased in the lowfrequency band,and the larger the acoustic intensity was,the more obvious the phenomenon was.This work contributes to a better understanding of the mechanisms by which ultrasound acts on the dielectric properties of biological tissues.It is expected that the findings from this study will provide a basis that the response of tissue to LIFU modulation can be monitored by noninvasive techniques such as microwave-induced thermoacoustic imaging(MTI)and microwave imaging,present a new idea for improving the endogenous contrast between different biological tissues in MTI and acoustoelectric imaging,and possibly lead to the development of a new imaging method based on the relaxation time of tissue after LIFU modulation.展开更多
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is classified into high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) and HPV (LR-HPV) according to their oncogenic potential. These viruses can be found in the cervix, vagina, vulva, anus and in the ENT sphere. HPV EN...Human papillomavirus (HPV) is classified into high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) and HPV (LR-HPV) according to their oncogenic potential. These viruses can be found in the cervix, vagina, vulva, anus and in the ENT sphere. HPV ENT infections can lead to benign or malignant tumors in which we could find both LR-HPV and HR-HPV genotypes. The objective of this study was to investigate the genotypes of HR-HPV and LR-HPV in archived tissue samples derived from both benign and malignant tumors of the ear, nose, and throat (ENT) in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. One hundred and twenty formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded archived tissues of the ENT sphere from 26 benign tumors and 94 malignant tumors were included. The tissues were first deparaffinized with xylem. The extracted DNA was used to test for high-risk and low-risk HPV by Real-Time Multiplex PCR. HPV DNA was found in 57.7% (15/26) of benign tumors and 43.61% (41/94) of malignant tumors. The prevalence of HPV infection was 46.67% (56/120) in all tumors combined. The most common HPV genotypes found were HPV 11 (34.28%), HPV 6 (30%), HPV56 (14.28%) and HPV 33 (8.57%). There were 21.43% (12/56) cases of genotypes co-infections with 10 cases of double infection and 2 cases of triple infection. Both low-risk and high-risk HPV are found in ENT tumors with relatively high HPV prevalence.展开更多
Mercury is a ubiquitous contaminant known to accumulate in wildlife,particularly bird species at higher trophic levels.Knowledge of tissue-specific Hg distributions aids our understanding of Hg bioaccumulation in orga...Mercury is a ubiquitous contaminant known to accumulate in wildlife,particularly bird species at higher trophic levels.Knowledge of tissue-specific Hg distributions aids our understanding of Hg bioaccumulation in organisms.In this study,one adult and three juvenile Collared Scops Owls(Otus lettia)were studied to elucidate the bioaccumulation of Hg in body tissues.Six tissues and organs(feathers,nails,heart,liver,gizzard,and muscle),as well as gastric contents,were examined for total Hg(THg)and methylmercury(MeHg)contents,Hg isotopic compositions including mass-dependent fractionation(MDF;δ202Hg)and mass-independent fractionation(MIF;Δ199Hg andΔ201Hg),and C(δ13C)and N(δ15N)isotopic compositions.Tissue-specific THg and MeHg concentrations in the adult were in the ranges of 150–1360 ng/g and17–1060 ng/g,and lower in the juveniles at 91–419 ng/g and 67–350 ng/g,respectively.Theδ^(202)Hg values in the adult were strongly negative at-1.75‰±0.17‰compared with the juveniles at-0.99‰±0.25‰.The adult exhibited lower MIF values than the juveniles,at0.23‰±0.07‰forΔ^(199)Hg and 0.2‰±0.11‰forΔ^(201)Hg,comparedwith0.81‰±0.09‰and0.66‰±0.07‰,respectively.The lower adult MDF and MIF values suggest that the adult tended to accumulate negative Hg isotopes but the juvenile's positive Hg isotopes.Differences between adult and juvenile tissue Hg concentrations indicate that metabolic processes play an important role in Hg accumulation.展开更多
Understanding of the heat transport within living biological tissues is crucial to effective heat treatments. The heat transport properties of living biological tissues with temperature-dependent properties are explor...Understanding of the heat transport within living biological tissues is crucial to effective heat treatments. The heat transport properties of living biological tissues with temperature-dependent properties are explored in this paper. Taking into account of variable physical properties, the governing equation of temperature is first derived in the context of the dualphase-lags model(DPL). An effective method, according to the Laplace transform and a linearization technique, is then employed to solve this nonlinear governing equation. The temperature distribution of a biological tissue exposed to a pulsed heat flux on its exterior boundary, which frequently happens in various heat treatments, is predicted and analyzed. The results state that a lower temperature can be predicted when temperature dependence is considered in the heating process.The contributions of key thermal parameters are different and dependent on the ratio of phase lag and the amplitude of the exterior pulsed heat flux.展开更多
Objective Accumulation of estrogenic compounds and other carcinogens in normal breast tissues contributes to unpredictable breast cancer incidence during adolescence and throughout life.To assess the role of parabens ...Objective Accumulation of estrogenic compounds and other carcinogens in normal breast tissues contributes to unpredictable breast cancer incidence during adolescence and throughout life.To assess the role of parabens in this phenomenon,the paraben content of adjacent normal-malignant breast tissues is measured in women with breast cancer living in Isfahan Province,Iran.Methods Adjacent normal-malignant breast tissue samples were obtained from 53 subjects.The parabens including methyl-paraben(Me PB),ethyl-paraben(Et PB),propyl-paraben(Pr PB),and butylparaben(Bu PB)were extracted from the sample supernatant and then subjected to gas chromatography analysis.Results Some risk factors for breast cancer were stimulated by parabens in adjacent malignant-normal breast tissues among young and middle-aged women with breast cancer.We observed a significant association for dose-response pattern of Me PB[OR=98.34(11.43–185.2),P=0.027]for both ER+and PR+women and Me PB[OR=164.3(CI:112.3–216.3),P<0.001]for HER2+women than women with negative receptors.The risk of 95-fold increase in Me PB dose and 164-fold increase in∑PBs dose were significant for women with hereditary breast cancer in first-degree relatives.Conclusions These results may promote future epidemiology studies and strategies to improve women's lifestyle and consume paraben-free products.展开更多
Background:This infrastructure delivers biological material necessary for several research projects to Vision Health Research Network investigators(VHRN).Methods:Héma-Québec is the organism in charge obtaini...Background:This infrastructure delivers biological material necessary for several research projects to Vision Health Research Network investigators(VHRN).Methods:Héma-Québec is the organism in charge obtaining consent and retrieving donor eyes for patient treatment or for research.In Quebec City,donor eyes are sent to the eye bank of the“Centre Universitaire d’Ophtalmologie”(CUO)of Saint-Sacrement hospital.Technicians at the eye bank evaluate the quality of the tissues.Those unfit for graft are transferred to the infrastructure where the coordinator encodes samples prior to their distribution.Results:Between 2013 and 2017,27 fundamental investigators,clinical investigators and collaborators supported by 60 students,trainees and laboratory assistants used this infrastructure to move forward their projects.Since 2013,results from those projects generated 21 scientific publications and 232 presentations.The infrastructure helped VHRN investigators obtain near 4 million dollars in grants from many organisms(CIHR,NSERC,Foundations,etc.).These grants allowed recruitment and formation of highly qualified personnel.Last year(April 2016 to March 2017),189 corneas and 23 eyes transited through the infrastructure.Conclusions:This infrastructure is available for all investigators that are members of the VHRN.Many original projects have been elaborated thanks to the human ocular tissues provided by this infrastructure.These projects will advance our knowledge in vision health.A better understanding of eye functions will lead to new treatments for eye diseases.展开更多
The total phenolic and flavonoid contents in the fruit tissues(peels,pulp residues,seeds,and juices)of 19 citrus genotypes belonged to Citrus reticulata Blanco were evaluated and their antioxidant capacity was tested ...The total phenolic and flavonoid contents in the fruit tissues(peels,pulp residues,seeds,and juices)of 19 citrus genotypes belonged to Citrus reticulata Blanco were evaluated and their antioxidant capacity was tested by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals(DPPH)method and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiozoline-6)-sulphonic acid(ABTS)method.The total phenolic and flavonoid contents,and their antioxidant capacity varied in different citrus fruit tissues.Generally,the peel had both the highest average of total phenolics(27.18 mg gallic acid equivalent(GAE)g^(–1 )DW)and total flavonoids(38.97 mg rutin equivalent(RE)g^(–1) DW).The highest antioxidant capacity was also the average of DPPH value(21.92 mg vitamin C equivalent antioxidant capacity(VCEAC)g^(–1 )DW)and average of ABTS value(78.70 mg VCEAC g^(–1) DW)in peel.The correlation coefficient between the total phenolics and their antioxidant capacity of different citrus fruits tissues ranged from 0.079 to0.792,and from–0.150 to 0.664 for the total flavonoids.The antioxidant capacity of fruit tissues were correlated with the total phenoilc content and flavonoid content except in case of the peel.In addition,the total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity varied in different citrus genotypes.Manju and Karamandarin were better genotypes with higher antioxidation and the phenolic content,however Shagan was the poorest genotype with lower antioxidation and the phenolic content.展开更多
Three-dimensional(3D)bioprinting is a rapidly growing technology that has been widely used in tissue engineering,disease studies,and drug screening.It provides the unprecedented capacity of depositing various types of...Three-dimensional(3D)bioprinting is a rapidly growing technology that has been widely used in tissue engineering,disease studies,and drug screening.It provides the unprecedented capacity of depositing various types of biomaterials,cells,and biomolecules in a layer-by-layer fashion,with precisely controlled spatial distribution.This technology is expected to address the organ-shortage issue in the future.In this review,we first introduce three categories of 3D bioprinting strategies:inkjet-based printing(IBP),extrusion-based printing(EBP),and light-based printing(LBP).Biomaterials and cells,which are normally referred to as“bioinks,”are then discussed.We also systematically describe the recent advancements of 3D bioprinting in fabricating cell-laden artificial tissues and organs with solid or hollow structures,including cartilage,bone,skin,muscle,vascular network,and so on.The development of organs-onchips utilizing 3D bioprinting technology for drug discovery and toxicity testing is reviewed as well.Finally,the main challenges in current studies and an outlook of the future research of 3D bioprinting are discussed.展开更多
Recent regenerative medicine and tissue engineering strategies(using cells, scaffolds, medical devices and gene therapy) have led to fascinating progress of translation of basic research towards clinical applications....Recent regenerative medicine and tissue engineering strategies(using cells, scaffolds, medical devices and gene therapy) have led to fascinating progress of translation of basic research towards clinical applications. In the past decade, great deal of research has focused on developing various three dimensional(3D) organs, such as bone, skin, liver, kidney and ear,using such strategies in order to replace or regenerate damaged organs for the purpose of maintaining or restoring organs' functions that may have been lost due to aging, accident or disease. The surface properties of a material or a device are key aspects in determining the success of the implant in biomedicine, as the majority of biological reactions in human body occur on surfaces or interfaces. Furthermore, it has been established in the literature that cell adhesion and proliferation are, to a great extent, influenced by the micro- and nanosurface characteristics of biomaterials and devices. In addition, it has been shown that the functions of stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells in particular, could be regulated through physical interaction with specific nanotopographical cues. Therefore, guided stem cell proliferation, differentiation and function are of great importance in the regeneration of 3D tissues and organs using tissue engineering strategies. This review will provide an update on the impact of nanotopography on mesenchymal stem cells for the purpose of developing laboratory-based 3D organs and tissues, as well as the most recent research and case studies on this topic.展开更多
Rhythmic oscillatory patterns sustain cellular dynamics, driving the concerted action of regulatory molecules, microtubules, and molecular motors. We describe cellular microtubules as oscillators capable of synchroniz...Rhythmic oscillatory patterns sustain cellular dynamics, driving the concerted action of regulatory molecules, microtubules, and molecular motors. We describe cellular microtubules as oscillators capable of synchronization and swarming, generating mechanical and electric patterns that impact biomolecular recognition. We consider the biological relevance of seeing the inside of cells populated by a network of molecules that behave as bioelectronic circuits and chromophores. We discuss the novel perspectives disclosed by mechanobiology, bioelectromagnetism, and photobiomodulation, both in term of fundamental basic science and in light of the biomedical implication of using physical energies to govern (stem) cell fate. We focus on the feasibility of exploiting atomic force microscopy and hyperspectral imaging to detect signatures of nanomotions and electromagnetic radiation (light), respectively, generated by the stem cells across the specification of their multilineage repertoire. The chance is reported of using these signatures and the diffusive features of physical waves to direct specifically the differentiation program of stem cells in situ, where they already are resident in all the tissues of the human body. We discuss how this strategy may pave the way to a regenerative and precision medicine without the needs for (stem) cell or tissue transplantation. We describe a novel paradigm based upon boosting our inherent ability for self-healing.展开更多
Background:A growing body of evidence has revealed that the mammalian genome is organized into hierarchical layers that are closely correlated with and may even be causally linked with variations in gene expression.Re...Background:A growing body of evidence has revealed that the mammalian genome is organized into hierarchical layers that are closely correlated with and may even be causally linked with variations in gene expression.Recent studies have characterized chromatin organization in various porcine tissues and cell types and compared them among species and during the early development of pigs.However,how chromatin organization differs among pig breeds is poorly understood.Results:In this study,we investigated the 3D genome organization and performed transcriptome characterization of two adipose depots(upper layer of backfat[ULB]and greater omentum[GOM])in wild boars and Bama pigs;the latter is a typical indigenous pig in China.We found that over 95%of the A/B compartments and topologically associating domains(TADs)are stable between wild boars and Bama pigs.In contrast,more than 70%of promoterenhancer interactions(PEIs)are dynamic and widespread,involving over a thousand genes.Alterations in chromatin structure are associated with changes in the expression of genes that are involved in widespread biological functions such as basic cellular functions,endocrine function,energy metabolism and the immune response.Approximately 95%and 97%of the genes associated with reorganized A/B compartments and PEIs in the two pig breeds differed between GOM and ULB,respectively.Conclusions:We reported 3D genome organization in adipose depots from different pig breeds.In a comparison of Bama pigs and wild boar,large-scale compartments and TADs were mostly conserved,while fine-scale PEIs were extensively reorganized.The chromatin architecture in these two pig breeds was reorganized in an adipose depotspecific manner.These results contribute to determining the regulatory mechanism of phenotypic differences between Bama pigs and wild boar.展开更多
Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) was used for the detection of classical swine fever virus(CSFV) in blood and tissue samples of field cases and experimentally inoculated pigs.The distribution of...Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) was used for the detection of classical swine fever virus(CSFV) in blood and tissue samples of field cases and experimentally inoculated pigs.The distribution of CSFV in different organ samples showed some discrepancies in infected pigs.Four weaner pigs were inoculated with C-strain vaccine virus,then samples of spleen,tonsil,lung,mesenteric lymph node,kidney and brain were collected after slaughter and tested for E2 and NS5B genes using one-step RT-PCR and nested RT-PCR.Using the same method,12 field cases were simultaneously studied.A discrepancy of CSFV in different samples was found upon detecting the target gene.The most reliable diagnostic organs were spleen and tonsil,and the nested RT-PCR assay provided a highly sensitive and specific method with comparable performance to the one-step RT-PCR assay.展开更多
Histone deacetylation is a key modulator involved in cell proliferation,apoptosis,and mRNA transcription.However,the effects of histone deacetylation on C17.2 neural stem cells(NSCs)remain unclear.Here,the histone dea...Histone deacetylation is a key modulator involved in cell proliferation,apoptosis,and mRNA transcription.However,the effects of histone deacetylation on C17.2 neural stem cells(NSCs)remain unclear.Here,the histone deacetylase inhibitors nicotinamide and trichostatin A(TSA)were used to determine the role of histone deacetylation on gene transcription in NSCs.The results showed that the mRNA expression of p53,Sox1,Sox2,and Bax were significantly higher in E14.5 NSCs than in C17.2 NSCs.Nestin,a marker gene of neuronal differentiation,did not differ significantly between E14.5 NSCs and C17.2 NSCs.The transcription levels of p53 and Nestin were significantly higher in C17.2 NSCs than in differentiated brain tissues,and the expression of Bax,Sox1,and Sox2 was higher in the olfactory bulb than in other brain tissues.Nicotinamide and TSA treatment decreased the transcription of Sox2,p53,Nestin,and Bax in C17.2 NSCs,although the difference was statistically significant only for Sox2 and Nestin,Sox1 transcription was not detected.These results demonstrated that mRNA expression profiles differ between C17.2 NSCs,E14.5 NSCs,and adult mouse brain tissues,and HDAC inhibitors regulate gene expression by modulating histone acetylation.展开更多
We have used a nonlinear one-dimensional heat transfer model based on temperature-dependent blood perfusion to predict temperature distribution in dermis and subcutaneous tissues subjected to point heating sources. By...We have used a nonlinear one-dimensional heat transfer model based on temperature-dependent blood perfusion to predict temperature distribution in dermis and subcutaneous tissues subjected to point heating sources. By using Jacobi elliptic functions, we have first found the analytic solution corresponding to the steady-state temperature distribution in the tissue. With the obtained analytic steady-state temperature, the effects of the thermal conductivity, the blood perfusion, the metabolic heat generation, and the coefficient of heat transfer on the temperature distribution in living tissues are numerically analyzed. Our results show that the derived analytic steady-state temperature is useful to easily and accurately study the thermal behavior of the biological system, and can be extended to such applications as parameter measurement, temperature field reconstruction and clinical treatment.展开更多
We have proposed a pocket formula for mass attenuation coefficient(μ/ρ), mass energy absorption coefficient(μ_(en)/ρ), and effective atomic number(Z_(eff)) in different tissues of human organs. We have also assign...We have proposed a pocket formula for mass attenuation coefficient(μ/ρ), mass energy absorption coefficient(μ_(en)/ρ), and effective atomic number(Z_(eff)) in different tissues of human organs. We have also assigned a new chemical formula for all studied tissues based on their composition. We have introduced a new parameter called effective composition index(C_(eff)). Based on this, we have introduced a new method to compute the effective atomic number. The evaluated photon interaction parameters are graphically represented. The evaluated average, maximum,minimum, and standard deviations of effective atomic number are tabulated. The proposed formula produces a mass attenuation coefficient, mass energy absorption coefficient, and effective atomic number from their展开更多
Twelve healthy rats were divided into the T-2 toxin group receiving gavage of 1 mg/kg T-2 toxin and the control group receiving gavage of normal saline. Total relative concentrations of T-2 toxin and HT-2 toxin in the...Twelve healthy rats were divided into the T-2 toxin group receiving gavage of 1 mg/kg T-2 toxin and the control group receiving gavage of normal saline. Total relative concentrations of T-2 toxin and HT-2 toxin in the skeletal system(thighbone, knee joints, and costal cartilage) were significantly higher than those in the heart, liver, and kidneys(P < 0.05). The relative concentrations of T-2 toxin and HT-2 toxin in the skeletal system(thighbone and costal cartilage) were also significantly higher than those in the heart, liver, and kidneys. The rats administered T-2 toxin showed rapid metabolism compared with that in rats administered HT-2 toxin, and the metabolic conversion rates in the different tissues were 68.20%-90.70%.展开更多
基金funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2021J05240)Fujian Provincial Science and Technology Project(2021N5014,2022N5006)+1 种基金Research Project of Putian Science and Technology Bureau(2021ZP08,2021ZP09,2021ZP10,2021ZP11)Scientific Research Project of Putian University(2018064).
文摘Loquat(Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.)is a subtropical evergreen fruit tree that produces fruits with abundant nutrients and medicinal components.Confirming suitable reference genes for a set of loquat samples before qRT-PCR experiments is essential for the accurate quantification of gene expression.In this study,eight candidate reference genes were selected from our previously published RNA-seq data,and primers for each candidate reference gene were designed and evaluated.The Cq values of the candidate reference genes were calculated by RT-qPCR in 31 different loquat samples,including 12 subgroups of developing or abiotic-stressed tissues.Different combinations of stable reference genes were screened according to a comprehensive rank,which was synthesized from the results of four algorithms,including the geNorm,NormFinder,BestKeeper andΔCt methods.The screened reference genes were verified by normalizing EjLGA1 in each subgroup.The obtained suitable combinations of reference genes for accurate normalization were GAPDH,EF1αand ACT for floral development;GAPDH,UBCE and ACT for fruit setting;EF1α,GAPDH and eIF2B for fruit ripening;ACT,EF1αand UBCE for leaves under heat stress;eIF2B,UBCE and EF1αfor leaves under freezing stress;EF1α,TUA and UBCE for leaves under salt stress;ACT,EF1αand eIF2B for immature pulp under freezing stress;ACT,UBCE and eIF2B for immature seeds under freezing stress;EF1α,eIF2B and UBCE for both immature pulp and seeds under freezing stress;UBCE,TUB and TUA for red-fleshed fruits under cold-storage stress;eIF2B,RPS3 and TUB for white-fleshed fruits under coldstorage stress;and eIF2B,UBCE and RPS3 for both red-and white-fleshed fruits under cold-storage stress.This study obtained different combinations of stable reference genes for accurate normalization in twelve subgroups of developing or abiotic-stressed tissues in loquat.To our knowledge,this is the first report to obtain stable reference genes for normalizing gene expression of abiotic-stressed tissues in E.japonica.The use of the three most stable reference genes could increase the reliability of future quantification experiments.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.11904042)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,China (Grant No.cstc2019jcyj-msxmX0534)the Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission,China (Grant No.KJQN202000617)。
文摘The cavitation dynamics and mechanical stress in viscoelastic tissues, as the primary mechanisms of some ultrasound therapies, are extremely complex due to the interactions of cavitation bubble with adjacent bubbles and surrounding tissues.Therefore, the cavitation dynamics and resultant mechanical stress of two-interacting bubbles in the viscoelastic tissues are numerically investigated, especially focusing on the effects of the adjacent bubble. The results demonstrate that the mechanical stress is highly dependent on the bubble dynamics. The compressive stress and tensile stress are generated at the stage of bubble expansion and collapse stage, respectively. Furthermore, within the initial parameters examined in this paper, the effects of the adjacent bubble will distinctly suppress the radial expansion of the small bubble and consequently lead its associated stresses to decrease. Owing to the superimposition of two stress fields, the mechanical stresses surrounding the small bubble in the direction of the neighboring bubble are smaller than those in other directions. For two interacting cavitation bubbles, the suppression effects of the nearby bubble on both the cavitation dynamics and the stresses surrounding the small bubble increase as the ultrasound amplitude and the initial radius of the large bubble increase, whereas they decrease with the inter-bubble distance increasing. Moreover, increasing the tissue viscoelasticity will reduce the suppression effects of the nearby bubble, except in instances where the compressive stress and tensile stress first increase and then decrease with the tissue elasticity and viscosity increasing respectively. This study can provide a further understanding of the mechanisms of cavitation-associated mechanical damage to the adjacent tissues or cells.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.82071940 and 62001075)Chongqing Municipal Education Commission Youth Fund,China(Grant Nos.KJQN20200607 and KJQN20200610).
文摘Tissue dielectric properties can vary upon the incident of an acoustic wave.The goal of this study is to quantify this change due to the acoustoelectric effect(AE),and to obtain the frequency-dependent dielectric properties of tissues exposed to low-intensity focused ultrasound(LIFU).The dielectric properties of the blood,brain,chest muscle,heart,kidney,leg muscle,liver,lung,pancreas,and spleen of rats were measured by an open-ended coaxial probe method.The acoustic intensity of LIFU focus was 2.97 MPa(67.6 W/cm^(2)),3.95 MPa(120 W/cm^(2)),and 5.17 MPa(204 W/cm^(2)),respectively,and the measurement frequency band was 0.1–7.08 GHz.The measurement results show that with the LIFU modulation,the conductivity and dielectric constant decreased in the high-frequency band,and on the contrary,they increased in the lowfrequency band,and the larger the acoustic intensity was,the more obvious the phenomenon was.This work contributes to a better understanding of the mechanisms by which ultrasound acts on the dielectric properties of biological tissues.It is expected that the findings from this study will provide a basis that the response of tissue to LIFU modulation can be monitored by noninvasive techniques such as microwave-induced thermoacoustic imaging(MTI)and microwave imaging,present a new idea for improving the endogenous contrast between different biological tissues in MTI and acoustoelectric imaging,and possibly lead to the development of a new imaging method based on the relaxation time of tissue after LIFU modulation.
文摘Human papillomavirus (HPV) is classified into high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) and HPV (LR-HPV) according to their oncogenic potential. These viruses can be found in the cervix, vagina, vulva, anus and in the ENT sphere. HPV ENT infections can lead to benign or malignant tumors in which we could find both LR-HPV and HR-HPV genotypes. The objective of this study was to investigate the genotypes of HR-HPV and LR-HPV in archived tissue samples derived from both benign and malignant tumors of the ear, nose, and throat (ENT) in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. One hundred and twenty formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded archived tissues of the ENT sphere from 26 benign tumors and 94 malignant tumors were included. The tissues were first deparaffinized with xylem. The extracted DNA was used to test for high-risk and low-risk HPV by Real-Time Multiplex PCR. HPV DNA was found in 57.7% (15/26) of benign tumors and 43.61% (41/94) of malignant tumors. The prevalence of HPV infection was 46.67% (56/120) in all tumors combined. The most common HPV genotypes found were HPV 11 (34.28%), HPV 6 (30%), HPV56 (14.28%) and HPV 33 (8.57%). There were 21.43% (12/56) cases of genotypes co-infections with 10 cases of double infection and 2 cases of triple infection. Both low-risk and high-risk HPV are found in ENT tumors with relatively high HPV prevalence.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC No.42103080)。
文摘Mercury is a ubiquitous contaminant known to accumulate in wildlife,particularly bird species at higher trophic levels.Knowledge of tissue-specific Hg distributions aids our understanding of Hg bioaccumulation in organisms.In this study,one adult and three juvenile Collared Scops Owls(Otus lettia)were studied to elucidate the bioaccumulation of Hg in body tissues.Six tissues and organs(feathers,nails,heart,liver,gizzard,and muscle),as well as gastric contents,were examined for total Hg(THg)and methylmercury(MeHg)contents,Hg isotopic compositions including mass-dependent fractionation(MDF;δ202Hg)and mass-independent fractionation(MIF;Δ199Hg andΔ201Hg),and C(δ13C)and N(δ15N)isotopic compositions.Tissue-specific THg and MeHg concentrations in the adult were in the ranges of 150–1360 ng/g and17–1060 ng/g,and lower in the juveniles at 91–419 ng/g and 67–350 ng/g,respectively.Theδ^(202)Hg values in the adult were strongly negative at-1.75‰±0.17‰compared with the juveniles at-0.99‰±0.25‰.The adult exhibited lower MIF values than the juveniles,at0.23‰±0.07‰forΔ^(199)Hg and 0.2‰±0.11‰forΔ^(201)Hg,comparedwith0.81‰±0.09‰and0.66‰±0.07‰,respectively.The lower adult MDF and MIF values suggest that the adult tended to accumulate negative Hg isotopes but the juvenile's positive Hg isotopes.Differences between adult and juvenile tissue Hg concentrations indicate that metabolic processes play an important role in Hg accumulation.
基金Project supported by the National Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.51676086 and 51575247)。
文摘Understanding of the heat transport within living biological tissues is crucial to effective heat treatments. The heat transport properties of living biological tissues with temperature-dependent properties are explored in this paper. Taking into account of variable physical properties, the governing equation of temperature is first derived in the context of the dualphase-lags model(DPL). An effective method, according to the Laplace transform and a linearization technique, is then employed to solve this nonlinear governing equation. The temperature distribution of a biological tissue exposed to a pulsed heat flux on its exterior boundary, which frequently happens in various heat treatments, is predicted and analyzed. The results state that a lower temperature can be predicted when temperature dependence is considered in the heating process.The contributions of key thermal parameters are different and dependent on the ratio of phase lag and the amplitude of the exterior pulsed heat flux.
基金funded by Isfahan University of Medical Sciences,Isfahan,Iran [Research Project code:397158]
文摘Objective Accumulation of estrogenic compounds and other carcinogens in normal breast tissues contributes to unpredictable breast cancer incidence during adolescence and throughout life.To assess the role of parabens in this phenomenon,the paraben content of adjacent normal-malignant breast tissues is measured in women with breast cancer living in Isfahan Province,Iran.Methods Adjacent normal-malignant breast tissue samples were obtained from 53 subjects.The parabens including methyl-paraben(Me PB),ethyl-paraben(Et PB),propyl-paraben(Pr PB),and butylparaben(Bu PB)were extracted from the sample supernatant and then subjected to gas chromatography analysis.Results Some risk factors for breast cancer were stimulated by parabens in adjacent malignant-normal breast tissues among young and middle-aged women with breast cancer.We observed a significant association for dose-response pattern of Me PB[OR=98.34(11.43–185.2),P=0.027]for both ER+and PR+women and Me PB[OR=164.3(CI:112.3–216.3),P<0.001]for HER2+women than women with negative receptors.The risk of 95-fold increase in Me PB dose and 164-fold increase in∑PBs dose were significant for women with hereditary breast cancer in first-degree relatives.Conclusions These results may promote future epidemiology studies and strategies to improve women's lifestyle and consume paraben-free products.
文摘Background:This infrastructure delivers biological material necessary for several research projects to Vision Health Research Network investigators(VHRN).Methods:Héma-Québec is the organism in charge obtaining consent and retrieving donor eyes for patient treatment or for research.In Quebec City,donor eyes are sent to the eye bank of the“Centre Universitaire d’Ophtalmologie”(CUO)of Saint-Sacrement hospital.Technicians at the eye bank evaluate the quality of the tissues.Those unfit for graft are transferred to the infrastructure where the coordinator encodes samples prior to their distribution.Results:Between 2013 and 2017,27 fundamental investigators,clinical investigators and collaborators supported by 60 students,trainees and laboratory assistants used this infrastructure to move forward their projects.Since 2013,results from those projects generated 21 scientific publications and 232 presentations.The infrastructure helped VHRN investigators obtain near 4 million dollars in grants from many organisms(CIHR,NSERC,Foundations,etc.).These grants allowed recruitment and formation of highly qualified personnel.Last year(April 2016 to March 2017),189 corneas and 23 eyes transited through the infrastructure.Conclusions:This infrastructure is available for all investigators that are members of the VHRN.Many original projects have been elaborated thanks to the human ocular tissues provided by this infrastructure.These projects will advance our knowledge in vision health.A better understanding of eye functions will lead to new treatments for eye diseases.
基金supported by the Identification of the Common Nutrients of Edible Agricultural Products and the Character Nutrients of Special Agricultural Products and Their Key Control Points of Quality,China (GJFP201701501)the Chongqing Program for Production of Late Maturing Citrus Fruits,China (20174-4)+2 种基金the Program for Talent Introduction of Chongqing Three Gorges University,China (14RC05)the Program for Chongqing Municipal Education Commission,China (KJ1501015)the Program for Chongqing Science & Technology Commission,China (cstc2016jcyj A0555)
文摘The total phenolic and flavonoid contents in the fruit tissues(peels,pulp residues,seeds,and juices)of 19 citrus genotypes belonged to Citrus reticulata Blanco were evaluated and their antioxidant capacity was tested by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals(DPPH)method and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiozoline-6)-sulphonic acid(ABTS)method.The total phenolic and flavonoid contents,and their antioxidant capacity varied in different citrus fruit tissues.Generally,the peel had both the highest average of total phenolics(27.18 mg gallic acid equivalent(GAE)g^(–1 )DW)and total flavonoids(38.97 mg rutin equivalent(RE)g^(–1) DW).The highest antioxidant capacity was also the average of DPPH value(21.92 mg vitamin C equivalent antioxidant capacity(VCEAC)g^(–1 )DW)and average of ABTS value(78.70 mg VCEAC g^(–1) DW)in peel.The correlation coefficient between the total phenolics and their antioxidant capacity of different citrus fruits tissues ranged from 0.079 to0.792,and from–0.150 to 0.664 for the total flavonoids.The antioxidant capacity of fruit tissues were correlated with the total phenoilc content and flavonoid content except in case of the peel.In addition,the total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity varied in different citrus genotypes.Manju and Karamandarin were better genotypes with higher antioxidation and the phenolic content,however Shagan was the poorest genotype with lower antioxidation and the phenolic content.
基金The authors would like to acknowledge support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51875518,51475419,and 81501607)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province of China(LY15H160019)the Key Research and Development Projects of Zhejiang Province(2017C01054).
文摘Three-dimensional(3D)bioprinting is a rapidly growing technology that has been widely used in tissue engineering,disease studies,and drug screening.It provides the unprecedented capacity of depositing various types of biomaterials,cells,and biomolecules in a layer-by-layer fashion,with precisely controlled spatial distribution.This technology is expected to address the organ-shortage issue in the future.In this review,we first introduce three categories of 3D bioprinting strategies:inkjet-based printing(IBP),extrusion-based printing(EBP),and light-based printing(LBP).Biomaterials and cells,which are normally referred to as“bioinks,”are then discussed.We also systematically describe the recent advancements of 3D bioprinting in fabricating cell-laden artificial tissues and organs with solid or hollow structures,including cartilage,bone,skin,muscle,vascular network,and so on.The development of organs-onchips utilizing 3D bioprinting technology for drug discovery and toxicity testing is reviewed as well.Finally,the main challenges in current studies and an outlook of the future research of 3D bioprinting are discussed.
文摘Recent regenerative medicine and tissue engineering strategies(using cells, scaffolds, medical devices and gene therapy) have led to fascinating progress of translation of basic research towards clinical applications. In the past decade, great deal of research has focused on developing various three dimensional(3D) organs, such as bone, skin, liver, kidney and ear,using such strategies in order to replace or regenerate damaged organs for the purpose of maintaining or restoring organs' functions that may have been lost due to aging, accident or disease. The surface properties of a material or a device are key aspects in determining the success of the implant in biomedicine, as the majority of biological reactions in human body occur on surfaces or interfaces. Furthermore, it has been established in the literature that cell adhesion and proliferation are, to a great extent, influenced by the micro- and nanosurface characteristics of biomaterials and devices. In addition, it has been shown that the functions of stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells in particular, could be regulated through physical interaction with specific nanotopographical cues. Therefore, guided stem cell proliferation, differentiation and function are of great importance in the regeneration of 3D tissues and organs using tissue engineering strategies. This review will provide an update on the impact of nanotopography on mesenchymal stem cells for the purpose of developing laboratory-based 3D organs and tissues, as well as the most recent research and case studies on this topic.
文摘Rhythmic oscillatory patterns sustain cellular dynamics, driving the concerted action of regulatory molecules, microtubules, and molecular motors. We describe cellular microtubules as oscillators capable of synchronization and swarming, generating mechanical and electric patterns that impact biomolecular recognition. We consider the biological relevance of seeing the inside of cells populated by a network of molecules that behave as bioelectronic circuits and chromophores. We discuss the novel perspectives disclosed by mechanobiology, bioelectromagnetism, and photobiomodulation, both in term of fundamental basic science and in light of the biomedical implication of using physical energies to govern (stem) cell fate. We focus on the feasibility of exploiting atomic force microscopy and hyperspectral imaging to detect signatures of nanomotions and electromagnetic radiation (light), respectively, generated by the stem cells across the specification of their multilineage repertoire. The chance is reported of using these signatures and the diffusive features of physical waves to direct specifically the differentiation program of stem cells in situ, where they already are resident in all the tissues of the human body. We discuss how this strategy may pave the way to a regenerative and precision medicine without the needs for (stem) cell or tissue transplantation. We describe a novel paradigm based upon boosting our inherent ability for self-healing.
基金supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China(2020YFA0509500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U19A2036,31772576,31530073 and 31802044)+1 种基金the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2021YFYZ0009 and 2021YFYZ0030)the International Cooperation Project of Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province(2021YFH0033).
文摘Background:A growing body of evidence has revealed that the mammalian genome is organized into hierarchical layers that are closely correlated with and may even be causally linked with variations in gene expression.Recent studies have characterized chromatin organization in various porcine tissues and cell types and compared them among species and during the early development of pigs.However,how chromatin organization differs among pig breeds is poorly understood.Results:In this study,we investigated the 3D genome organization and performed transcriptome characterization of two adipose depots(upper layer of backfat[ULB]and greater omentum[GOM])in wild boars and Bama pigs;the latter is a typical indigenous pig in China.We found that over 95%of the A/B compartments and topologically associating domains(TADs)are stable between wild boars and Bama pigs.In contrast,more than 70%of promoterenhancer interactions(PEIs)are dynamic and widespread,involving over a thousand genes.Alterations in chromatin structure are associated with changes in the expression of genes that are involved in widespread biological functions such as basic cellular functions,endocrine function,energy metabolism and the immune response.Approximately 95%and 97%of the genes associated with reorganized A/B compartments and PEIs in the two pig breeds differed between GOM and ULB,respectively.Conclusions:We reported 3D genome organization in adipose depots from different pig breeds.In a comparison of Bama pigs and wild boar,large-scale compartments and TADs were mostly conserved,while fine-scale PEIs were extensively reorganized.The chromatin architecture in these two pig breeds was reorganized in an adipose depotspecific manner.These results contribute to determining the regulatory mechanism of phenotypic differences between Bama pigs and wild boar.
基金supported by the grants from the National"863" Programme (2006AA10A2041)Development Programme of Science and Technology,Chengguan District of Gansu province (08-5-4)
文摘Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) was used for the detection of classical swine fever virus(CSFV) in blood and tissue samples of field cases and experimentally inoculated pigs.The distribution of CSFV in different organ samples showed some discrepancies in infected pigs.Four weaner pigs were inoculated with C-strain vaccine virus,then samples of spleen,tonsil,lung,mesenteric lymph node,kidney and brain were collected after slaughter and tested for E2 and NS5B genes using one-step RT-PCR and nested RT-PCR.Using the same method,12 field cases were simultaneously studied.A discrepancy of CSFV in different samples was found upon detecting the target gene.The most reliable diagnostic organs were spleen and tonsil,and the nested RT-PCR assay provided a highly sensitive and specific method with comparable performance to the one-step RT-PCR assay.
基金supported by the Key Scientific Research Projects of Higher Education Institutions in Henan Province under grant number 19A180021the Young Key Teachers Training Program of Yellow River Conservancy Technical Institute+2 种基金the Campus Scientific and Research Fund Project of Yellow River Conservancy Technical Institute under grant number 2017QNKY012the Research Projects of Employment and Entrepreneurship of Secondary and Higher Education Institutions in Henan Province under grant number JYB2018534National Natural Sciences Foundation of China under grant number 31070954.
文摘Histone deacetylation is a key modulator involved in cell proliferation,apoptosis,and mRNA transcription.However,the effects of histone deacetylation on C17.2 neural stem cells(NSCs)remain unclear.Here,the histone deacetylase inhibitors nicotinamide and trichostatin A(TSA)were used to determine the role of histone deacetylation on gene transcription in NSCs.The results showed that the mRNA expression of p53,Sox1,Sox2,and Bax were significantly higher in E14.5 NSCs than in C17.2 NSCs.Nestin,a marker gene of neuronal differentiation,did not differ significantly between E14.5 NSCs and C17.2 NSCs.The transcription levels of p53 and Nestin were significantly higher in C17.2 NSCs than in differentiated brain tissues,and the expression of Bax,Sox1,and Sox2 was higher in the olfactory bulb than in other brain tissues.Nicotinamide and TSA treatment decreased the transcription of Sox2,p53,Nestin,and Bax in C17.2 NSCs,although the difference was statistically significant only for Sox2 and Nestin,Sox1 transcription was not detected.These results demonstrated that mRNA expression profiles differ between C17.2 NSCs,E14.5 NSCs,and adult mouse brain tissues,and HDAC inhibitors regulate gene expression by modulating histone acetylation.
文摘We have used a nonlinear one-dimensional heat transfer model based on temperature-dependent blood perfusion to predict temperature distribution in dermis and subcutaneous tissues subjected to point heating sources. By using Jacobi elliptic functions, we have first found the analytic solution corresponding to the steady-state temperature distribution in the tissue. With the obtained analytic steady-state temperature, the effects of the thermal conductivity, the blood perfusion, the metabolic heat generation, and the coefficient of heat transfer on the temperature distribution in living tissues are numerically analyzed. Our results show that the derived analytic steady-state temperature is useful to easily and accurately study the thermal behavior of the biological system, and can be extended to such applications as parameter measurement, temperature field reconstruction and clinical treatment.
文摘We have proposed a pocket formula for mass attenuation coefficient(μ/ρ), mass energy absorption coefficient(μ_(en)/ρ), and effective atomic number(Z_(eff)) in different tissues of human organs. We have also assigned a new chemical formula for all studied tissues based on their composition. We have introduced a new parameter called effective composition index(C_(eff)). Based on this, we have introduced a new method to compute the effective atomic number. The evaluated photon interaction parameters are graphically represented. The evaluated average, maximum,minimum, and standard deviations of effective atomic number are tabulated. The proposed formula produces a mass attenuation coefficient, mass energy absorption coefficient, and effective atomic number from their
基金partially supported by National Natural Scientific Foundation of China[81620108026,81302393]
文摘Twelve healthy rats were divided into the T-2 toxin group receiving gavage of 1 mg/kg T-2 toxin and the control group receiving gavage of normal saline. Total relative concentrations of T-2 toxin and HT-2 toxin in the skeletal system(thighbone, knee joints, and costal cartilage) were significantly higher than those in the heart, liver, and kidneys(P < 0.05). The relative concentrations of T-2 toxin and HT-2 toxin in the skeletal system(thighbone and costal cartilage) were also significantly higher than those in the heart, liver, and kidneys. The rats administered T-2 toxin showed rapid metabolism compared with that in rats administered HT-2 toxin, and the metabolic conversion rates in the different tissues were 68.20%-90.70%.
