Ceramic cutting inserts are a type of cutting tool commonly used in high-speed metal cutting applications.However,the wear of these inserts caused by friction between the workpiece and cutting inserts limits their ove...Ceramic cutting inserts are a type of cutting tool commonly used in high-speed metal cutting applications.However,the wear of these inserts caused by friction between the workpiece and cutting inserts limits their overall effectiveness.In order to improve the tool life and reduce wear,this study introduces an emerging method called magnetic field-assisted batch polishing(MABP)for simultaneously polishing multiple ceramic cutting inserts.Several polishing experiments were conducted under different conditions,and the wear characteristics were clarified by cutting S136H steel.The results showed that after 15 min of polishing,the surface roughness at the flank face,edge,and nose of the inserts was reduced to below 2.5 nm,6.25 nm,and 45.8 nm,respectively.Furthermore,the nose radii of the inserts did not change significantly,and there were no significant changes in the weight percentage of elements before and after polishing.Additionally,the tool life of the batch polished inserts was found to be up to 1.75 times longer than that of unpolished inserts.These findings suggest that the MABP method is an effective way to mass polish ceramic cutting inserts,resulting in significantly reduced tool wear.Furthermore,this novel method offers new possibilities for polishing other tools.展开更多
Machine tools,often referred to as the“mother machines”of the manufacturing industry,are crucial in developing smart manufacturing and are increasingly becoming more intelligent.Digital twin technology can promote m...Machine tools,often referred to as the“mother machines”of the manufacturing industry,are crucial in developing smart manufacturing and are increasingly becoming more intelligent.Digital twin technology can promote machine tool intelligence and has attracted considerable research interest.However,there is a lack of clear and systematic analyses on how the digital twin technology enables machine tool intelligence.Herein,digital twin modeling was identified as an enabling technology for machine tool intelligence based on a comparative study of the characteristics of machine tool intelligence and digital twin.The review then delves into state-of-the-art digital twin modelingenabled machine tool intelligence,examining it from the aspects of data-based modeling and mechanism-data dual-driven modeling.Additionally,it highlights three bottleneck issues facing the field.Considering these problems,the architecture of a digital twin machine tool(DTMT)is proposed,and three key technologies are expounded in detail:Data perception and fusion technology,mechanism-data-knowledge hybrid-driven digital twin modeling and virtual-real synchronization technology,and dynamic optimization and collaborative control technology for multilevel parameters.Finally,future research directions for the DTMT are discussed.This work can provide a foundation basis for the research and implementation of digital-twin modeling-enabled machine tool intelligence,making it significant for developing intelligent machine tools.展开更多
Cancer patients are at high risk of malnutrition,which can lead to adverse health outcomes such as prolonged hospitalization,increased complications,and increased mortality.Accurate and timely nutritional assessment p...Cancer patients are at high risk of malnutrition,which can lead to adverse health outcomes such as prolonged hospitalization,increased complications,and increased mortality.Accurate and timely nutritional assessment plays a critical role in effectively managing malnutrition in these patients.However,while many tools exist to assess malnutrition,there is no universally accepted standard.Although different tools have their own strengths and limitations,there is a lack of narrative reviews on nutritional assessment tools for cancer patients.To address this knowledge gap,we conducted a non-systematic literature search using PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,and the Cochrane Library from their inception until May 2023.A total of 90 studies met our selection criteria and were included in our narrative review.We evaluated the applications,strengths,and limitations of 4 commonly used nutritional assessment tools for cancer patients:the Subjective Global Assessment(SGA),Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment(PG-SGA),Mini Nutritional Assessment(MNA),and Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition(GLIM).Our findings revealed that malnutrition was associated with adverse health outcomes.Each of these 4 tools has its applications,strengths,and limitations.Our findings provide medical staff with a foundation for choosing the optimal tool to rapidly and accurately assess malnutrition in cancer patients.It is essential for medical staff to be familiar with these common tools to ensure effective nutritional management of cancer patients.展开更多
Laser tracers are a three-dimensional coordinate measurement system that are widely used in industrial measurement.We propose a geometric error identification method based on multi-station synchronization laser tracer...Laser tracers are a three-dimensional coordinate measurement system that are widely used in industrial measurement.We propose a geometric error identification method based on multi-station synchronization laser tracers to enable the rapid and high-precision measurement of geometric errors for gantry-type computer numerical control(CNC)machine tools.This method also improves on the existing measurement efficiency issues in the single-base station measurement method and multi-base station time-sharing measurement method.We consider a three-axis gantry-type CNC machine tool,and the geometric error mathematical model is derived and established based on the combination of screw theory and a topological analysis of the machine kinematic chain.The four-station laser tracers position and measurement points are realized based on the multi-point positioning principle.A self-calibration algorithm is proposed for the coordinate calibration process of a laser tracer using the Levenberg-Marquardt nonlinear least squares method,and the geometric error is solved using Taylor’s first-order linearization iteration.The experimental results show that the geometric error calculated based on this modeling method is comparable to the results from the Etalon laser tracer.For a volume of 800 mm×1000 mm×350 mm,the maximum differences of the linear,angular,and spatial position errors were 2.0μm,2.7μrad,and 12.0μm,respectively,which verifies the accuracy of the proposed algorithm.This research proposes a modeling method for the precise measurement of errors in machine tools,and the applied nature of this study also makes it relevant both to researchers and those in the industrial sector.展开更多
Magnesium alloys have many advantages as lightweight materials for engineering applications,especially in the fields of automotive and aerospace.They undergo extensive cutting or machining while making products out of...Magnesium alloys have many advantages as lightweight materials for engineering applications,especially in the fields of automotive and aerospace.They undergo extensive cutting or machining while making products out of them.Dry cutting,a sustainable machining method,causes more friction and adhesion at the tool-chip interface.One of the promising solutions to this problem is cutting tool surface texturing,which can reduce tool wear and friction in dry cutting and improve machining performance.This paper aims to investigate the impact of dimple textures(made on the flank face of cutting inserts)on tool wear and chip morphology in the dry machining of AZ31B magnesium alloy.The results show that the cutting speed was the most significant factor affecting tool flank wear,followed by feed rate and cutting depth.The tool wear mechanism was examined using scanning electron microscope(SEM)images and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS)analysis reports,which showed that at low cutting speed,the main wear mechanism was abrasion,while at high speed,it was adhesion.The chips are discontinuous at low cutting speeds,while continuous at high cutting speeds.The dimple textured flank face cutting tools facilitate the dry machining of AZ31B magnesium alloy and contribute to ecological benefits.展开更多
The laser powder bed fusion(LPBF) process can integrally form geometrically complex and high-performance metallic parts that have attracted much interest,especially in the molds industry.The appearance of the LPBF mak...The laser powder bed fusion(LPBF) process can integrally form geometrically complex and high-performance metallic parts that have attracted much interest,especially in the molds industry.The appearance of the LPBF makes it possible to design and produce complex conformal cooling channel systems in molds.Thus,LPBF-processed tool steels have attracted more and more attention.The complex thermal history in the LPBF process makes the microstructural characteristics and properties different from those of conventional manufactured tool steels.This paper provides an overview of LPBF-processed tool steels by describing the physical phenomena,the microstructural characteristics,and the mechanical/thermal properties,including tensile properties,wear resistance,and thermal properties.The microstructural characteristics are presented through a multiscale perspective,ranging from densification,meso-structure,microstructure,substructure in grains,to nanoprecipitates.Finally,a summary of tool steels and their challenges and outlooks are introduced.展开更多
With the rise of blockchain technology,the security issues of smart contracts have become increasingly critical.Despite the availability of numerous smart contract vulnerability detection tools,many face challenges su...With the rise of blockchain technology,the security issues of smart contracts have become increasingly critical.Despite the availability of numerous smart contract vulnerability detection tools,many face challenges such as slow updates,usability issues,and limited installation methods.These challenges hinder the adoption and practicality of these tools.This paper examines smart contract vulnerability detection tools from 2016 to 2023,sourced from the Web of Science(WOS)and Google Scholar.By systematically collecting,screening,and synthesizing relevant research,38 open-source tools that provide installation methods were selected for further investigation.From a developer’s perspective,this paper offers a comprehensive survey of these 38 open-source tools,discussing their operating principles,installation methods,environmental dependencies,update frequencies,and installation challenges.Based on this,we propose an Ethereum smart contract vulnerability detection framework.This framework enables developers to easily utilize various detection tools and accurately analyze contract security issues.To validate the framework’s stability,over 1700 h of testing were conducted.Additionally,a comprehensive performance test was performed on the mainstream detection tools integrated within the framework,assessing their hardware requirements and vulnerability detection coverage.Experimental results indicate that the Slither tool demonstrates satisfactory performance in terms of system resource consumption and vulnerability detection coverage.This study represents the first performance evaluation of testing tools in this domain,providing significant reference value.展开更多
We have developed a protein array system,named"Phospho-Totum",which reproduces the phosphorylation state of a sample on the array.The protein array contains 1471 proteins from 273 known signaling pathways.Ac...We have developed a protein array system,named"Phospho-Totum",which reproduces the phosphorylation state of a sample on the array.The protein array contains 1471 proteins from 273 known signaling pathways.According to the activation degrees of tyrosine kinases in the sample,the corresponding groups of substrate proteins on the array are phosphorylated under the same conditions.In addition to measuring the phosphorylation levels of the 1471 substrates,we have developed and performed the artificial intelligence-assisted tools to further characterize the phosphorylation state and estimate pathway activation,tyrosine kinase activation,and a list of kinase inhibitors that produce phosphorylation states similar to that of the sample.The Phospho-Totum system,which seamlessly links and interrogates the measurements and analyses,has the potential to not only elucidate pathophysiological mechanisms in diseases by reproducing the phosphorylation state of samples,but also be useful for drug discovery,particularly for screening targeted kinases for potential drug kinase inhibitors.展开更多
The wear of metal cutting tools will progressively rise as the cutting time goes on. Wearing heavily on the toolwill generate significant noise and vibration, negatively impacting the accuracy of the forming and the s...The wear of metal cutting tools will progressively rise as the cutting time goes on. Wearing heavily on the toolwill generate significant noise and vibration, negatively impacting the accuracy of the forming and the surfaceintegrity of the workpiece. Hence, during the cutting process, it is imperative to continually monitor the tool wearstate andpromptly replace anyheavilyworn tools toguarantee thequality of the cutting.The conventional tool wearmonitoring models, which are based on machine learning, are specifically built for the intended cutting conditions.However, these models require retraining when the cutting conditions undergo any changes. This method has noapplication value if the cutting conditions frequently change. This manuscript proposes a method for monitoringtool wear basedonunsuperviseddeep transfer learning. Due to the similarity of the tool wear process under varyingworking conditions, a tool wear recognitionmodel that can adapt to both current and previous working conditionshas been developed by utilizing cutting monitoring data from history. To extract and classify cutting vibrationsignals, the unsupervised deep transfer learning network comprises a one-dimensional (1D) convolutional neuralnetwork (CNN) with a multi-layer perceptron (MLP). To achieve distribution alignment of deep features throughthe maximum mean discrepancy algorithm, a domain adaptive layer is embedded in the penultimate layer of thenetwork. A platformformonitoring tool wear during endmilling has been constructed. The proposedmethod wasverified through the execution of a full life test of end milling under multiple working conditions with a Cr12MoVsteel workpiece. Our experiments demonstrate that the transfer learning model maintains a classification accuracyof over 80%. In comparisonwith the most advanced tool wearmonitoring methods, the presentedmodel guaranteessuperior performance in the target domains.展开更多
In community planning,due to the lack of evidence regarding the selection of media tools,this study examines how a common but differentiated ideal speech situation can be created as well as how more appropriate media ...In community planning,due to the lack of evidence regarding the selection of media tools,this study examines how a common but differentiated ideal speech situation can be created as well as how more appropriate media tools can be defined and selected in the community planning process.First,this study describes the concept and theoretical basis of media used in community planning from the perspectives of the multiple effects of media evolution on communicative planning.Second,the classification criteria and typical characteristics of media tools used to support community planning are clarified from three dimensions:acceptability,cost effectiveness,and applicability.Third,strategies for applying media tools in the four phases of communicative planning-namely,state analysis,problem identification,contradictory solution and optimization-are described.Finally,trends in the development of media tools for community planning are explored in terms of multistakeholder engagement,supporting scientific decision-making and multiple-type media integration.The results provide a reference for developing more inclusive,effective,and appropriate media tools for enhancing decision-making capacity and modernizing governance in community planning and policy-making processes.展开更多
The 21^(st) century has started with several innovations in the medical sciences,with wide applications in health care management.This development has taken in the field of medicines(newer drugs/molecules),various too...The 21^(st) century has started with several innovations in the medical sciences,with wide applications in health care management.This development has taken in the field of medicines(newer drugs/molecules),various tools and technology which has completely changed the patient management including abdominal surgery.Surgery for abdominal diseases has moved from maximally invasive to minimally invasive(laparoscopic and robotic)surgery.Some of the newer medicines have its impact on need for surgical intervention.This article focuses on the development of these emerging molecules,tools,and technology and their impact on present surgical form and its future effects on the surgical intervention in gastroenterological diseases.展开更多
The dimensional accuracy of machined parts is strongly influenced by the thermal behavior of machine tools (MT). Minimizing this influence represents a key objective for any modern manufacturing industry. Thermally in...The dimensional accuracy of machined parts is strongly influenced by the thermal behavior of machine tools (MT). Minimizing this influence represents a key objective for any modern manufacturing industry. Thermally induced positioning error compensation remains the most effective and practical method in this context. However, the efficiency of the compensation process depends on the quality of the model used to predict the thermal errors. The model should consistently reflect the relationships between temperature distribution in the MT structure and thermally induced positioning errors. A judicious choice of the number and location of temperature sensitive points to represent heat distribution is a key factor for robust thermal error modeling. Therefore, in this paper, the temperature sensitive points are selected following a structured thermomechanical analysis carried out to evaluate the effects of various temperature gradients on MT structure deformation intensity. The MT thermal behavior is first modeled using finite element method and validated by various experimentally measured temperature fields using temperature sensors and thermal imaging. MT Thermal behavior validation shows a maximum error of less than 10% when comparing the numerical estimations with the experimental results even under changing operation conditions. The numerical model is used through several series of simulations carried out using varied working condition to explore possible relationships between temperature distribution and thermal deformation characteristics to select the most appropriate temperature sensitive points that will be considered for building an empirical prediction model for thermal errors as function of MT thermal state. Validation tests achieved using an artificial neural network based simplified model confirmed the efficiency of the proposed temperature sensitive points allowing the prediction of the thermally induced errors with an accuracy greater than 90%.展开更多
This paper introduced the content, compilation process, reliability and validity, scoring method of the evaluation tool for patients’ medication compliance at home and abroad, and reviewed the research progress of th...This paper introduced the content, compilation process, reliability and validity, scoring method of the evaluation tool for patients’ medication compliance at home and abroad, and reviewed the research progress of the tool. The evaluation method, dimension, scoring method, evaluation content and application scope of the tool were compared, so as to provide reference for nurses to comprehensively and accurately evaluate patients’ medication status.展开更多
Machining is as old as humanity, and changes in temperature in both the machine’s internal and external environments can be of great concern as they affect the machine’s thermal stability and, thus, the machine’s d...Machining is as old as humanity, and changes in temperature in both the machine’s internal and external environments can be of great concern as they affect the machine’s thermal stability and, thus, the machine’s dimensional accuracy. This paper is a continuation of our earlier work, which aimed to analyze the effect of the internal temperature of a machine tool as the machine is put into operation and vary the external temperature, the machine floor temperature. Some experiments are carried out under controlled conditions to study how machine tool components get heated up and how this heating up affects the machine’s accuracy due to thermally induced deviations. Additionally, another angle is added by varying the machine floor temperature. The parameters mentioned above are explored in line with the overall thermal stability of the machine tool and its dimensional accuracy. A Robodrill CNC machine tool is used. The CNC was first soaked with thermal energy by gradually raising the machine floor temperature to a certain level before putting the machine in operation. The machine was monitored, and analytical methods were deplored to evaluate thermal stability. Secondly, the machine was run idle for some time under raised floor temperature before it was put into operation. Data was also collected and analyzed. It is observed that machine thermal stability can be achieved in several ways depending on how the above parameters are joggled. This paper, in conclusion, reinforces the idea of machine tool warm-up process in conjunction with a carefully analyzed and established machine floor temperature variation for the approximation of the machine tool’s thermally stability to map the long-time behavior of the machine tool.展开更多
Objective:To review the research progress of peripheral venous access difficulty assessment tools in children and to provide a reference for clinical nurses to select and develop appropriate assessment tools.Methods:S...Objective:To review the research progress of peripheral venous access difficulty assessment tools in children and to provide a reference for clinical nurses to select and develop appropriate assessment tools.Methods:Search the literature at home and abroad and summarize and analyze the existing evaluation tools.Results:There is no unified assessment tool about difficult venous access in children at home and abroad.The existing tools include the difficult venous access assessment scale and peripheral venous grading assessment tool.Conclusion:The current assessment tools for venous access difficulties in children have their own limitations,and it is necessary to develop further the assessment tools suitable for the cultural background of children's venous access difficulties.This paper summarized the current progress of research on peripheral venous access difficulty assessment tools.It also analyzed and summarized the shortcomings of existing tools to provide a reference for clinical staff to choose appropriate assessment tools.展开更多
The development of digital technology has brought about a substantial evolution in the multimedia field.The use of generative technologies to produce digital multimedia material is one of the newer developments in thi...The development of digital technology has brought about a substantial evolution in the multimedia field.The use of generative technologies to produce digital multimedia material is one of the newer developments in this field.The“Digital Generative Multimedia Tool Theory”(DGMTT)is therefore presented in this theoretical postulation by Timothy Ekeledirichukwu Onyejelem and Eric Msughter Aondover.It discusses and describes the principles behind the development and deployment of generative tools in multimedia creation.The DGMTT offers an all-encompassing structure for comprehending and evaluating the fundamentals and consequences of generative tools in the production of multimedia content.It provides information about the creation and use of these instruments,thereby promoting developments in the digital media industry.These tools create dynamic and interactive multimedia content by utilizing machine learning,artificial intelligence,and algorithms.This theory emphasizes how crucial it is to comprehend the fundamental ideas and principles of generative tools in order to use them efficiently when creating digital media content.A wide range of industries,including journalism,advertising,entertainment,education,and the arts,can benefit from the practical use of DGMTT.It gives artists the ability to use generative technologies to create unique and customized multimedia content for its viewers.展开更多
In the context of intelligent manufacturing,machine tools,as core equipment,directly influence production efficiency and product quality through their operational reliability.Traditional maintenance methods for machin...In the context of intelligent manufacturing,machine tools,as core equipment,directly influence production efficiency and product quality through their operational reliability.Traditional maintenance methods for machine tools,often characterized by low efficiency and high costs,fail to meet the demands of modern manufacturing industries.Therefore,leveraging intelligent manufacturing technologies,this paper proposes a solution optimized for the diagnosis and maintenance of machine tool faults.Initially,the paper introduces sensor-based data acquisition technologies combined with big data analytics and machine learning algorithms to achieve intelligent fault diagnosis of machine tools.Subsequently,it discusses predictive maintenance strategies by establishing an optimized model for maintenance strategy and resource allocation,thereby enhancing maintenance efficiency and reducing costs.Lastly,the paper explores the architectural design,integration,and testing evaluation methods of intelligent manufacturing systems.The study indicates that optimization of machine tool fault diagnosis and maintenance in an intelligent manufacturing environment not only enhances equipment reliability but also significantly reduces maintenance costs,offering broad application prospects.展开更多
This study investigates university English teachers’acceptance and willingness to use learning management system(LMS)data analysis tools in their teaching practices.The research employs a mixed-method approach,combin...This study investigates university English teachers’acceptance and willingness to use learning management system(LMS)data analysis tools in their teaching practices.The research employs a mixed-method approach,combining quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews to understand teachers’perceptions and attitudes,and the factors influencing their adoption of LMS data analysis tools.The findings reveal that perceived usefulness,perceived ease of use,technical literacy,organizational support,and data privacy concerns significantly impact teachers’willingness to use these tools.Based on these insights,the study offers practical recommendations for educational institutions to enhance the effective adoption of LMS data analysis tools in English language teaching.展开更多
基金Supported by Research Grants Council of the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China (Grant No.15203620)Research and Innovation Office of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University of China (Grant Nos.BBXN,1-W308)+1 种基金Research Studentships (Grant No.RH3Y)State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration of China (Grant No.MSV202315)。
文摘Ceramic cutting inserts are a type of cutting tool commonly used in high-speed metal cutting applications.However,the wear of these inserts caused by friction between the workpiece and cutting inserts limits their overall effectiveness.In order to improve the tool life and reduce wear,this study introduces an emerging method called magnetic field-assisted batch polishing(MABP)for simultaneously polishing multiple ceramic cutting inserts.Several polishing experiments were conducted under different conditions,and the wear characteristics were clarified by cutting S136H steel.The results showed that after 15 min of polishing,the surface roughness at the flank face,edge,and nose of the inserts was reduced to below 2.5 nm,6.25 nm,and 45.8 nm,respectively.Furthermore,the nose radii of the inserts did not change significantly,and there were no significant changes in the weight percentage of elements before and after polishing.Additionally,the tool life of the batch polished inserts was found to be up to 1.75 times longer than that of unpolished inserts.These findings suggest that the MABP method is an effective way to mass polish ceramic cutting inserts,resulting in significantly reduced tool wear.Furthermore,this novel method offers new possibilities for polishing other tools.
基金Supported by Tianjin Municipal University Science and Technology Development Foundation of China(Grant No.2021KJ176).
文摘Machine tools,often referred to as the“mother machines”of the manufacturing industry,are crucial in developing smart manufacturing and are increasingly becoming more intelligent.Digital twin technology can promote machine tool intelligence and has attracted considerable research interest.However,there is a lack of clear and systematic analyses on how the digital twin technology enables machine tool intelligence.Herein,digital twin modeling was identified as an enabling technology for machine tool intelligence based on a comparative study of the characteristics of machine tool intelligence and digital twin.The review then delves into state-of-the-art digital twin modelingenabled machine tool intelligence,examining it from the aspects of data-based modeling and mechanism-data dual-driven modeling.Additionally,it highlights three bottleneck issues facing the field.Considering these problems,the architecture of a digital twin machine tool(DTMT)is proposed,and three key technologies are expounded in detail:Data perception and fusion technology,mechanism-data-knowledge hybrid-driven digital twin modeling and virtual-real synchronization technology,and dynamic optimization and collaborative control technology for multilevel parameters.Finally,future research directions for the DTMT are discussed.This work can provide a foundation basis for the research and implementation of digital-twin modeling-enabled machine tool intelligence,making it significant for developing intelligent machine tools.
基金financially supported by the Guangxi Medical University 2023 Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program Project(No.202310598015).
文摘Cancer patients are at high risk of malnutrition,which can lead to adverse health outcomes such as prolonged hospitalization,increased complications,and increased mortality.Accurate and timely nutritional assessment plays a critical role in effectively managing malnutrition in these patients.However,while many tools exist to assess malnutrition,there is no universally accepted standard.Although different tools have their own strengths and limitations,there is a lack of narrative reviews on nutritional assessment tools for cancer patients.To address this knowledge gap,we conducted a non-systematic literature search using PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,and the Cochrane Library from their inception until May 2023.A total of 90 studies met our selection criteria and were included in our narrative review.We evaluated the applications,strengths,and limitations of 4 commonly used nutritional assessment tools for cancer patients:the Subjective Global Assessment(SGA),Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment(PG-SGA),Mini Nutritional Assessment(MNA),and Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition(GLIM).Our findings revealed that malnutrition was associated with adverse health outcomes.Each of these 4 tools has its applications,strengths,and limitations.Our findings provide medical staff with a foundation for choosing the optimal tool to rapidly and accurately assess malnutrition in cancer patients.It is essential for medical staff to be familiar with these common tools to ensure effective nutritional management of cancer patients.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province of China(Grant No.2021JM010)Suzhou Municipal Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.SYG202018,SYG202134).
文摘Laser tracers are a three-dimensional coordinate measurement system that are widely used in industrial measurement.We propose a geometric error identification method based on multi-station synchronization laser tracers to enable the rapid and high-precision measurement of geometric errors for gantry-type computer numerical control(CNC)machine tools.This method also improves on the existing measurement efficiency issues in the single-base station measurement method and multi-base station time-sharing measurement method.We consider a three-axis gantry-type CNC machine tool,and the geometric error mathematical model is derived and established based on the combination of screw theory and a topological analysis of the machine kinematic chain.The four-station laser tracers position and measurement points are realized based on the multi-point positioning principle.A self-calibration algorithm is proposed for the coordinate calibration process of a laser tracer using the Levenberg-Marquardt nonlinear least squares method,and the geometric error is solved using Taylor’s first-order linearization iteration.The experimental results show that the geometric error calculated based on this modeling method is comparable to the results from the Etalon laser tracer.For a volume of 800 mm×1000 mm×350 mm,the maximum differences of the linear,angular,and spatial position errors were 2.0μm,2.7μrad,and 12.0μm,respectively,which verifies the accuracy of the proposed algorithm.This research proposes a modeling method for the precise measurement of errors in machine tools,and the applied nature of this study also makes it relevant both to researchers and those in the industrial sector.
文摘Magnesium alloys have many advantages as lightweight materials for engineering applications,especially in the fields of automotive and aerospace.They undergo extensive cutting or machining while making products out of them.Dry cutting,a sustainable machining method,causes more friction and adhesion at the tool-chip interface.One of the promising solutions to this problem is cutting tool surface texturing,which can reduce tool wear and friction in dry cutting and improve machining performance.This paper aims to investigate the impact of dimple textures(made on the flank face of cutting inserts)on tool wear and chip morphology in the dry machining of AZ31B magnesium alloy.The results show that the cutting speed was the most significant factor affecting tool flank wear,followed by feed rate and cutting depth.The tool wear mechanism was examined using scanning electron microscope(SEM)images and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS)analysis reports,which showed that at low cutting speed,the main wear mechanism was abrasion,while at high speed,it was adhesion.The chips are discontinuous at low cutting speeds,while continuous at high cutting speeds.The dimple textured flank face cutting tools facilitate the dry machining of AZ31B magnesium alloy and contribute to ecological benefits.
基金financial supports provided by the China Scholarship Council(Nos.202206 290061 and 202206290062)。
文摘The laser powder bed fusion(LPBF) process can integrally form geometrically complex and high-performance metallic parts that have attracted much interest,especially in the molds industry.The appearance of the LPBF makes it possible to design and produce complex conformal cooling channel systems in molds.Thus,LPBF-processed tool steels have attracted more and more attention.The complex thermal history in the LPBF process makes the microstructural characteristics and properties different from those of conventional manufactured tool steels.This paper provides an overview of LPBF-processed tool steels by describing the physical phenomena,the microstructural characteristics,and the mechanical/thermal properties,including tensile properties,wear resistance,and thermal properties.The microstructural characteristics are presented through a multiscale perspective,ranging from densification,meso-structure,microstructure,substructure in grains,to nanoprecipitates.Finally,a summary of tool steels and their challenges and outlooks are introduced.
基金supported by the Major Public Welfare Special Fund of Henan Province(No.201300210200)the Major Science and Technology Research Special Fund of Henan Province(No.221100210400).
文摘With the rise of blockchain technology,the security issues of smart contracts have become increasingly critical.Despite the availability of numerous smart contract vulnerability detection tools,many face challenges such as slow updates,usability issues,and limited installation methods.These challenges hinder the adoption and practicality of these tools.This paper examines smart contract vulnerability detection tools from 2016 to 2023,sourced from the Web of Science(WOS)and Google Scholar.By systematically collecting,screening,and synthesizing relevant research,38 open-source tools that provide installation methods were selected for further investigation.From a developer’s perspective,this paper offers a comprehensive survey of these 38 open-source tools,discussing their operating principles,installation methods,environmental dependencies,update frequencies,and installation challenges.Based on this,we propose an Ethereum smart contract vulnerability detection framework.This framework enables developers to easily utilize various detection tools and accurately analyze contract security issues.To validate the framework’s stability,over 1700 h of testing were conducted.Additionally,a comprehensive performance test was performed on the mainstream detection tools integrated within the framework,assessing their hardware requirements and vulnerability detection coverage.Experimental results indicate that the Slither tool demonstrates satisfactory performance in terms of system resource consumption and vulnerability detection coverage.This study represents the first performance evaluation of testing tools in this domain,providing significant reference value.
基金supported by the State Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.82230114 to F.H.)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFE0104800 to F.H.).
文摘We have developed a protein array system,named"Phospho-Totum",which reproduces the phosphorylation state of a sample on the array.The protein array contains 1471 proteins from 273 known signaling pathways.According to the activation degrees of tyrosine kinases in the sample,the corresponding groups of substrate proteins on the array are phosphorylated under the same conditions.In addition to measuring the phosphorylation levels of the 1471 substrates,we have developed and performed the artificial intelligence-assisted tools to further characterize the phosphorylation state and estimate pathway activation,tyrosine kinase activation,and a list of kinase inhibitors that produce phosphorylation states similar to that of the sample.The Phospho-Totum system,which seamlessly links and interrogates the measurements and analyses,has the potential to not only elucidate pathophysiological mechanisms in diseases by reproducing the phosphorylation state of samples,but also be useful for drug discovery,particularly for screening targeted kinases for potential drug kinase inhibitors.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2020YFB1713500)the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi(Grant No.2023JCYB289)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52175112)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.ZYTS23102).
文摘The wear of metal cutting tools will progressively rise as the cutting time goes on. Wearing heavily on the toolwill generate significant noise and vibration, negatively impacting the accuracy of the forming and the surfaceintegrity of the workpiece. Hence, during the cutting process, it is imperative to continually monitor the tool wearstate andpromptly replace anyheavilyworn tools toguarantee thequality of the cutting.The conventional tool wearmonitoring models, which are based on machine learning, are specifically built for the intended cutting conditions.However, these models require retraining when the cutting conditions undergo any changes. This method has noapplication value if the cutting conditions frequently change. This manuscript proposes a method for monitoringtool wear basedonunsuperviseddeep transfer learning. Due to the similarity of the tool wear process under varyingworking conditions, a tool wear recognitionmodel that can adapt to both current and previous working conditionshas been developed by utilizing cutting monitoring data from history. To extract and classify cutting vibrationsignals, the unsupervised deep transfer learning network comprises a one-dimensional (1D) convolutional neuralnetwork (CNN) with a multi-layer perceptron (MLP). To achieve distribution alignment of deep features throughthe maximum mean discrepancy algorithm, a domain adaptive layer is embedded in the penultimate layer of thenetwork. A platformformonitoring tool wear during endmilling has been constructed. The proposedmethod wasverified through the execution of a full life test of end milling under multiple working conditions with a Cr12MoVsteel workpiece. Our experiments demonstrate that the transfer learning model maintains a classification accuracyof over 80%. In comparisonwith the most advanced tool wearmonitoring methods, the presentedmodel guaranteessuperior performance in the target domains.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China under the theme“Key technologies for urban sustainable development evaluation and decision-making support”[Grant No.2022YFC3802900].
文摘In community planning,due to the lack of evidence regarding the selection of media tools,this study examines how a common but differentiated ideal speech situation can be created as well as how more appropriate media tools can be defined and selected in the community planning process.First,this study describes the concept and theoretical basis of media used in community planning from the perspectives of the multiple effects of media evolution on communicative planning.Second,the classification criteria and typical characteristics of media tools used to support community planning are clarified from three dimensions:acceptability,cost effectiveness,and applicability.Third,strategies for applying media tools in the four phases of communicative planning-namely,state analysis,problem identification,contradictory solution and optimization-are described.Finally,trends in the development of media tools for community planning are explored in terms of multistakeholder engagement,supporting scientific decision-making and multiple-type media integration.The results provide a reference for developing more inclusive,effective,and appropriate media tools for enhancing decision-making capacity and modernizing governance in community planning and policy-making processes.
文摘The 21^(st) century has started with several innovations in the medical sciences,with wide applications in health care management.This development has taken in the field of medicines(newer drugs/molecules),various tools and technology which has completely changed the patient management including abdominal surgery.Surgery for abdominal diseases has moved from maximally invasive to minimally invasive(laparoscopic and robotic)surgery.Some of the newer medicines have its impact on need for surgical intervention.This article focuses on the development of these emerging molecules,tools,and technology and their impact on present surgical form and its future effects on the surgical intervention in gastroenterological diseases.
文摘The dimensional accuracy of machined parts is strongly influenced by the thermal behavior of machine tools (MT). Minimizing this influence represents a key objective for any modern manufacturing industry. Thermally induced positioning error compensation remains the most effective and practical method in this context. However, the efficiency of the compensation process depends on the quality of the model used to predict the thermal errors. The model should consistently reflect the relationships between temperature distribution in the MT structure and thermally induced positioning errors. A judicious choice of the number and location of temperature sensitive points to represent heat distribution is a key factor for robust thermal error modeling. Therefore, in this paper, the temperature sensitive points are selected following a structured thermomechanical analysis carried out to evaluate the effects of various temperature gradients on MT structure deformation intensity. The MT thermal behavior is first modeled using finite element method and validated by various experimentally measured temperature fields using temperature sensors and thermal imaging. MT Thermal behavior validation shows a maximum error of less than 10% when comparing the numerical estimations with the experimental results even under changing operation conditions. The numerical model is used through several series of simulations carried out using varied working condition to explore possible relationships between temperature distribution and thermal deformation characteristics to select the most appropriate temperature sensitive points that will be considered for building an empirical prediction model for thermal errors as function of MT thermal state. Validation tests achieved using an artificial neural network based simplified model confirmed the efficiency of the proposed temperature sensitive points allowing the prediction of the thermally induced errors with an accuracy greater than 90%.
文摘This paper introduced the content, compilation process, reliability and validity, scoring method of the evaluation tool for patients’ medication compliance at home and abroad, and reviewed the research progress of the tool. The evaluation method, dimension, scoring method, evaluation content and application scope of the tool were compared, so as to provide reference for nurses to comprehensively and accurately evaluate patients’ medication status.
文摘Machining is as old as humanity, and changes in temperature in both the machine’s internal and external environments can be of great concern as they affect the machine’s thermal stability and, thus, the machine’s dimensional accuracy. This paper is a continuation of our earlier work, which aimed to analyze the effect of the internal temperature of a machine tool as the machine is put into operation and vary the external temperature, the machine floor temperature. Some experiments are carried out under controlled conditions to study how machine tool components get heated up and how this heating up affects the machine’s accuracy due to thermally induced deviations. Additionally, another angle is added by varying the machine floor temperature. The parameters mentioned above are explored in line with the overall thermal stability of the machine tool and its dimensional accuracy. A Robodrill CNC machine tool is used. The CNC was first soaked with thermal energy by gradually raising the machine floor temperature to a certain level before putting the machine in operation. The machine was monitored, and analytical methods were deplored to evaluate thermal stability. Secondly, the machine was run idle for some time under raised floor temperature before it was put into operation. Data was also collected and analyzed. It is observed that machine thermal stability can be achieved in several ways depending on how the above parameters are joggled. This paper, in conclusion, reinforces the idea of machine tool warm-up process in conjunction with a carefully analyzed and established machine floor temperature variation for the approximation of the machine tool’s thermally stability to map the long-time behavior of the machine tool.
文摘Objective:To review the research progress of peripheral venous access difficulty assessment tools in children and to provide a reference for clinical nurses to select and develop appropriate assessment tools.Methods:Search the literature at home and abroad and summarize and analyze the existing evaluation tools.Results:There is no unified assessment tool about difficult venous access in children at home and abroad.The existing tools include the difficult venous access assessment scale and peripheral venous grading assessment tool.Conclusion:The current assessment tools for venous access difficulties in children have their own limitations,and it is necessary to develop further the assessment tools suitable for the cultural background of children's venous access difficulties.This paper summarized the current progress of research on peripheral venous access difficulty assessment tools.It also analyzed and summarized the shortcomings of existing tools to provide a reference for clinical staff to choose appropriate assessment tools.
文摘The development of digital technology has brought about a substantial evolution in the multimedia field.The use of generative technologies to produce digital multimedia material is one of the newer developments in this field.The“Digital Generative Multimedia Tool Theory”(DGMTT)is therefore presented in this theoretical postulation by Timothy Ekeledirichukwu Onyejelem and Eric Msughter Aondover.It discusses and describes the principles behind the development and deployment of generative tools in multimedia creation.The DGMTT offers an all-encompassing structure for comprehending and evaluating the fundamentals and consequences of generative tools in the production of multimedia content.It provides information about the creation and use of these instruments,thereby promoting developments in the digital media industry.These tools create dynamic and interactive multimedia content by utilizing machine learning,artificial intelligence,and algorithms.This theory emphasizes how crucial it is to comprehend the fundamental ideas and principles of generative tools in order to use them efficiently when creating digital media content.A wide range of industries,including journalism,advertising,entertainment,education,and the arts,can benefit from the practical use of DGMTT.It gives artists the ability to use generative technologies to create unique and customized multimedia content for its viewers.
文摘In the context of intelligent manufacturing,machine tools,as core equipment,directly influence production efficiency and product quality through their operational reliability.Traditional maintenance methods for machine tools,often characterized by low efficiency and high costs,fail to meet the demands of modern manufacturing industries.Therefore,leveraging intelligent manufacturing technologies,this paper proposes a solution optimized for the diagnosis and maintenance of machine tool faults.Initially,the paper introduces sensor-based data acquisition technologies combined with big data analytics and machine learning algorithms to achieve intelligent fault diagnosis of machine tools.Subsequently,it discusses predictive maintenance strategies by establishing an optimized model for maintenance strategy and resource allocation,thereby enhancing maintenance efficiency and reducing costs.Lastly,the paper explores the architectural design,integration,and testing evaluation methods of intelligent manufacturing systems.The study indicates that optimization of machine tool fault diagnosis and maintenance in an intelligent manufacturing environment not only enhances equipment reliability but also significantly reduces maintenance costs,offering broad application prospects.
文摘This study investigates university English teachers’acceptance and willingness to use learning management system(LMS)data analysis tools in their teaching practices.The research employs a mixed-method approach,combining quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews to understand teachers’perceptions and attitudes,and the factors influencing their adoption of LMS data analysis tools.The findings reveal that perceived usefulness,perceived ease of use,technical literacy,organizational support,and data privacy concerns significantly impact teachers’willingness to use these tools.Based on these insights,the study offers practical recommendations for educational institutions to enhance the effective adoption of LMS data analysis tools in English language teaching.
