Current-carrying sliding is widely applied in aerospace equipment,but it is limited by the poor lubricity of the present materials and the unclear tribological mechanism.This study demonstrated the potential of MoS_(2...Current-carrying sliding is widely applied in aerospace equipment,but it is limited by the poor lubricity of the present materials and the unclear tribological mechanism.This study demonstrated the potential of MoS_(2)-based materials with excellent lubricity as space sliding electrical contact materials by doping Ti to improve its conductivity.The tribological behavior of MoS_(2)-Ti films under current-carrying sliding in vacuum was studied by establishing a simulation evaluating device.Moreover,the noncurrent-carrying sliding and static current-carrying experiments in vacuum were carried out for comparison to understand the tribological mechanism.In addition to mechanical wear,the current-induced arc erosion and thermal effect take important roles in accelerating the wear.Arc erosion is caused by the accumulation of electric charge,which is related to the conductivity of the film.While the current-thermal effect softens the film,causing strong adhesive wear,and good conductivity and the large contact area are beneficial for minimizing the thermal effect.So the moderate hardness and good conductivity of MoS_(2)-Ti film contribute to its excellent current-carrying tribological behavior in vacuum,showing a significant advantage compared with the traditional ones.展开更多
A comprehensive modeling strategy for studying the thermomechanical tribological behaviors is proposed in this work.The wear degradation considering the influence of temperature(T)is predicted by Archard wear model wi...A comprehensive modeling strategy for studying the thermomechanical tribological behaviors is proposed in this work.The wear degradation considering the influence of temperature(T)is predicted by Archard wear model with the help of the UMESHMOTION subroutine and arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian(ALE)remeshing technique.Adopting the proposed method,the thermomechanical tribological behaviors of railway vehicle disc brake system composed of forged steel brake disc and Cu-based powder metallurgy(PM)friction block are studied systematically.The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is validated by experimental test on a self-designed scaled brake test bench from the perspectives of interface temperature,wear degradation,friction noise and vibration,and contact status evolution.This work can provide an effective way for the investigation of thermomechanical tribological behaviors in the engineering field.展开更多
High-performance polymer friction materials with tunable tribological behavior to fit varied work conditions remain a challenge of widespread interest for a variety of applications.Shape memory polymer exhibits morphi...High-performance polymer friction materials with tunable tribological behavior to fit varied work conditions remain a challenge of widespread interest for a variety of applications.Shape memory polymer exhibits morphing and modulus changing over temperature changing provides a promising material to adjust the friction process.Herein,we investigated the tribological properties of shape memory cyanate ester(SMCE)under different conditions.The SMCE exhibits the tribological behavior of good friction material with stable high coefficient of friction(COF)and a low wear rate.Besides,the COF increases and wear rate decreases with the temperature increasing show the tunable friction property of the SMCE.We propose a new model of wear-compensation through shape recovery to explain the adjustable friction behavior of thermal-responsive polymer from the aspect of shape recovery and energy conversion.This study provides a high-performance friction material and paves the route for the application of shape memory polymer(SMP)in tribology field with tunable property.展开更多
Black phosphorus(BP)with a layered structure has been used gradually as a lubrication additive in the tribological area.In this study,BP powders are produced via an easy method of high-energy ball milling using red ph...Black phosphorus(BP)with a layered structure has been used gradually as a lubrication additive in the tribological area.In this study,BP powders are produced via an easy method of high-energy ball milling using red phosphorus as a raw material.Subsequently,BP nanosheets are prepared via liquid exfoliation in N-methyl pyrolidone solvent.The tribological behavior of BP nanosheets as water-based lubrication additives(BP-WL)is evaluated under Ti6Al4V(TC4)/GCr15 contact.The results suggest that the 70 mg/L BP-WL sample exhibits excellent lubrication performance,whose coefficient of friction(COF)and ball wear rate reduced by 32.4%and 61.1%,respectively,compared with those of pure water.However,as the load increased,the tribological properties of BP-WL reduced gradually because of the agglomeration of BP nanosheets.Based on tribological experiments and worn surface analysis,boundary lubrication mechanisms are proposed.The friction reduced,which is primarily attributed to the low interlaminar shear and adsorption of BP nanosheets.In addition,a tribochemical reaction film comprising TiO_(2),Al_(2)O_(3),and Fe_(2)O_(3)effectively protects the surface of titanium alloy/steel from wear.This new water-based lubrication additive can be used to process titanium alloys.展开更多
Micro-arc oxidation(MAO)coatings with different concentrations of K_2TiO(C_2O_4)_2 in the sodium silicate base electrolyte were prepared on 6061 aluminum alloy with the aim of promoting a better understanding of the f...Micro-arc oxidation(MAO)coatings with different concentrations of K_2TiO(C_2O_4)_2 in the sodium silicate base electrolyte were prepared on 6061 aluminum alloy with the aim of promoting a better understanding of the formation mechanisms and tribological behaviors of the coatings.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)assisted with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and friction test were employed to characterize the MAO processes and microstructure of the resultant coatings.Results showed that the composition and microstructure of the coatings were significantly affected by the addition of K_2TiO(C_2O_4)_2.A sealing microstructure of MAO coating was obtained with the addition of K_2TiO(C_2O_4)_2.Ti element from K_2TiO(C_2O_4)_2 was only absorbed into the defects of micropores under surface energy in the early stage,while in the later stage,Ti element was predominant in the micropores and distributed on the coatings under plasma discharge to form TiO_2.It was demonstrated that Ti and Si elements from the electrolyte could interact with each other during the MAO process and the interaction mechanism was systematically analyzed.Wear resistance of the MAO coatings with K_2TiO(C_2O_4)_2 addition was significantly improved compared with that of the MAO coatings without K_2TiO(C_2O_4)_2 addition.展开更多
In this study,the tribological behaviors of graphene as a lubricant additive for steel/copper and steel/steel friction pairs were compared.For the steel/copper friction pair,the graphene sheets remarkably decreased th...In this study,the tribological behaviors of graphene as a lubricant additive for steel/copper and steel/steel friction pairs were compared.For the steel/copper friction pair,the graphene sheets remarkably decreased the coefficient of friction and wear scar depth under low loads,but these slightly increased under high loads.The steel/steel friction pair showed excellent tribological properties even under high loads.Severe plastic deformation on the copper surface reduced the stability of the graphene tribofilm because of a rough copper transfer film on the steel during the running-in period.The results provide a better understanding of the mechanism of graphene as a lubricant additive.展开更多
Due to the widespread use of nanocarbon materials(NCMs),more researchers are studying their tribological performances.In this work,the tribological behaviors of the following five types of NCMs with different geometri...Due to the widespread use of nanocarbon materials(NCMs),more researchers are studying their tribological performances.In this work,the tribological behaviors of the following five types of NCMs with different geometric shapes were evaluated in a novel oil‐in‐water system:spherical fullerenes(C60,0D),tubular multi‐walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNT,1D),sheet graphene oxide(GO,2D),sheet graphene oxide derivative(Oct‐O‐GO,2D),and lamellar graphite(G,3D).Among these,GO with two types of oxidation degrees,i.e.,GO(1),GO(2),and Oct‐O‐GO(1)were synthesized and characterized using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy,Raman spectroscopy,x‐ray diffraction,thermogravimetric analysis,scanning electron microscopy,and contact angle measurements.The load‐carrying capacity of the NCM emulsions were evaluated using a four‐ball test machine,and the lubrication performances were investigated using a high‐frequency reciprocating friction and wear tester with a sliding distance of 1,800 mm under different loads(50 N and 100 N)at 0.5 Hz.The results revealed that the Oct‐O‐GO(1)emulsion exhibited the best load‐carrying capacity,and the best friction‐reducing and anti‐wear properties compared to other emulsions.Moreover,the anti‐wear advantage was more prominent under high load conditions,whereas the other emulsions exhibited a certain degree of abrasive or adhesive wear.The lubrication mechanism was determined through the analysis of worn surfaces using scanning electron microscopy/energy‐dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy,micro‐Raman spectroscopy,and x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy.The results revealed that during frictional sliding,the ingredients in the emulsion can absorb and react with the freshly exposed metal surface to form surface‐active films to protect the surfaces from abrasion.Moreover,it was found that the higher the amount of ingredients that contain alkyl and O‐H/C=O,the better was the lubrication performance in addition to an increase in the carbon residue in the tribofilm generated on the meal surface.展开更多
The aim of this study is to fabricate the nanocomposite with low friction and high wear resistance using binary solid lubricant particles.The microstructure and tribological performance of the nanocomposite are evalua...The aim of this study is to fabricate the nanocomposite with low friction and high wear resistance using binary solid lubricant particles.The microstructure and tribological performance of the nanocomposite are evaluated,and the composition and film thickness of the lubricating film are observed and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).The nanocomposite exhibited improved tribological properties with a friction coefficient as low as 0.12 and a low wear rate of 2.17×10^(-6) mm^(3)/(N∙m)in high‐purity nitrogen atmosphere.Decreasing sliding speed can increase lubricating film thickness,and the thickest lubricating film is approximately 125 nm.As the film thickness of the lubricating film exceeded 90 nm,the friction coefficient curves became smooth.In compared with WS_(2),MoS_(2) can be more effective in forming the transfer layer on the worn surfaces at the initial stage of the tribological process.展开更多
In this study, expanded graphite and natural graphite were introduced into resin-based friction materials, and the tribological behavior of the composites was investigated. The tribo-performance of the two friction co...In this study, expanded graphite and natural graphite were introduced into resin-based friction materials, and the tribological behavior of the composites was investigated. The tribo-performance of the two friction composites was evaluated using a constant speed friction tester. The results showed that the expanded graphite composite (EGC) displayed better lubricity in both the fading and the recovery processes. The wear rate of the EGC decreased by 22.43%more than that of the natural graphite composite (NGC). In the fading process, and the EGC enhanced the stability of the coefficient of friction. The recovery maintenance rate of the NGC was 4.66% higher than that of the EGC. It can be concluded that expanded graphite plays an important role in the formation of a stable contact plateau and can effectively reduce the wear.展开更多
The effect of grain boundary(GB)defects on the tribological properties of MoS_(2) has been investigated by molecular dynamics(MD)simulations.The GB defects‐containing MoS_(2) during scratching process shows a lower c...The effect of grain boundary(GB)defects on the tribological properties of MoS_(2) has been investigated by molecular dynamics(MD)simulations.The GB defects‐containing MoS_(2) during scratching process shows a lower critical breaking load than that of indentation process,owing to the combined effect of pushing and interlocking actions between the tip and MoS_(2) atoms.The wear resistance of MoS_(2) with GB defects is relevant to the misorientation angle due to the accumulation of long Mo-S bonds around the GBs.Weakening the adhesion strength between the MoS_(2) and substrate is an efficient way to improve the wear resistance of MoS_(2) with low‐angle GBs.展开更多
The tribological behavior of oil-in-water emulsions formulated with natural lyotropic liquid crystal(LLC)emulsifiers based on natural sucrose ester was studied for the first time.Polarized optical microscopy,synchrotr...The tribological behavior of oil-in-water emulsions formulated with natural lyotropic liquid crystal(LLC)emulsifiers based on natural sucrose ester was studied for the first time.Polarized optical microscopy,synchrotron radiation small-angle X-ray scattering,wide-angle X-ray scattering,and synchrotron radiation infrared microspectroscopy demonstrated that LLC emulsifiers were tightly ordered at the oil–water interface with a distinct nematic texture.The viscosity of emulsion was observed to change over time.Moreover,the zeta potential and laser particle size distribution verified the emulsion’s satisfactory stability.The frictional shearing test proved that the coefficient of friction of the emulsion versus pure oil decreased by 34.2%.The coefficient of friction of the emulsion with liquid crystal decreased 10.1%versus that without liquid crystal.Although liquid crystal emulsion did not exhibit outstanding anti-wear performance compared with pure oil,its wear volume was 29.4%less than the emulsion without liquid crystal.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope–energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(SEM–EDS)proved that the tribo-film of the emulsion with liquid crystal was formed synergistically by the liquid crystal phase with the base oil.The formulation affecting the lubricant quality was further studied by orthogonal experiments.The resulting Stribeck curve behavior suggested that proper composition with a slightly higher viscosity can better reduce friction in both boundary lubrication and mixed lubrication regimes.The lubrication mechanism indicated that the periodically ordered liquid crystal was transported to the sliding asperity in the form of emulsion droplets,which bored the pressure and released the oil to form a tribo-film.This LLC emulsion is environmentally friendly and potentially non-irritant to the skin.Thus,it has promising application prospects as novel water-based and biological lubricants.展开更多
WC-Al_(2)O_(3)-graphene composite powder was synthesized by ultrasonic treatment and ball milling,then consolidated by hot pressing sintering(HPS).For potential applications,the friction coefficient and wear resistanc...WC-Al_(2)O_(3)-graphene composite powder was synthesized by ultrasonic treatment and ball milling,then consolidated by hot pressing sintering(HPS).For potential applications,the friction coefficient and wear resistance of the sintered bulks at different temperatures(room temperature,200,400,and 600℃)were investigated.The wear tracks were characterized by scanning electron microscope,energy dispersive spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,respectively.The results show that the friction coefficient decreases and the wear rate increases with the increase of temperature,mainly because oxidization wear occurs on the wear surface of WC-Al_(2)O_(3)-graphene composite under high temperature.The main wear mechanism is the destruction and formation of tribochemical compacted layer.Graphene reduces the wear rate of WC-Al_(2)O_(3)-graphene composite under high tampere.The reason is that graphene reduces oxidation wear by blocking or absorbing oxygen;moreover,graphene reduces the cycle frequency of damage and reconstruction of tribochemical compacted layer by reducing the peeling of it.展开更多
Polyoxymethylene methacrylate (PMMA) is widely used in ophthalmic biomaterials. Misuse of PMMA in extreme environments is likely to damage the ocular surface and intraocular structures. The surface characterization an...Polyoxymethylene methacrylate (PMMA) is widely used in ophthalmic biomaterials. Misuse of PMMA in extreme environments is likely to damage the ocular surface and intraocular structures. The surface characterization and tribological behavior of PMMA processed using an excimer laser were investigated in this study by contrasting diferent lubrication conditions and friction cycles. The results show that the roughness of the material surface increases with laser processing, which changes its physical structure. Under lubrication, the laser-treated PMMA exhibits better hydrophilicity, especially during the use of eye drops. No obvious relationship exists between the laser-processing time and friction behavior. However, the laser treatment may contribute to the formation of friction and wear mechanisms of PMMA materials. Laser-treated PMMA in saline solution exhibits better abrasive resistance by showing a lower wear rate than that in eye drops, although it has a higher friction coefcient. In this study, the diferent friction stages in laser-treated PMMA were clarifed under two lubrication conditions. The wear rates of the laser-treated PMMA were found to decrease with the number of cycles, and the friction coefcient has a similar variation tendency. The wear behavior of the laser-treated PMMA is dominated by the main abrasive wear and secondary transferred flm formation. This study provides a theoretical basis for the development and application of ophthalmic biomaterials in complex environments by examining the material surface interface behavior and wear mechanism after laser processing using PMMA as the research matrix.展开更多
Titanium has been increasingly applied to biomedical application because of its improved mechanical characteristics, corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. However their application remains limited, due to the low...Titanium has been increasingly applied to biomedical application because of its improved mechanical characteristics, corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. However their application remains limited, due to the low strength and poor wear resistance of unalloyed titanium. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the friction and wear behavior of high-strength titanium alloys: Ti-6Al-7Nb used in femoral stem (total hip prosthesis). The oscillating friction and wear tests have been carried out in ambient air with oscillating tribotester in accord with standards ISO 7148, ASTM G99-95a, ASTM G 133-95 under different conditions of normal applied load (3, 6 and 10 N) and sliding speed (1, 15 and 25 mm.s-1), and as a counter pair we used the ball of 100C 6, 10 mm of diameter. The surface morphology of the titanium alloys has been characterized by SEM, EDAX, micro hardness, roughness analysis measurements. The behavior observed for both samples suggests that the wear and friction mechanism during the test is the same for Ti alloys, and to increase resistance to wear and friction of biomedical titanium alloys used in total hip prosthesis (femoral stems) the surface coating and treatment are required.展开更多
Unlike most of the conventional ionic liquids(ILs) derived from non-renewable resources, five environmentally friendly ILs([Ch][AA] ILs) derived from amino acids(AAs) and choline(Ch) were synthesized using biomaterial...Unlike most of the conventional ionic liquids(ILs) derived from non-renewable resources, five environmentally friendly ILs([Ch][AA] ILs) derived from amino acids(AAs) and choline(Ch) were synthesized using biomaterials by a simple, green route: acid–base reaction of Ch and AAs. The thermal and corrosion properties, as well as viscosity, of the prepared ILs were examined. The results revealed that the anion structure of ILs plays a dominant role in their thermal and viscosity behavior. These ILs exhibited less corrosion toward copper, related to their halogen-, sulfur-, and phosphorus-free characteristics. The tribological behavior of the synthesized ILs was examined using a Schwingungs Reibung und Verschleiss tester, and the results indicated that these ILs exhibit good friction-reducing and anti-wear properties as lubricants for steel/steel contact. Results from energy-dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicated that the good tribological properties of [Ch][AA] ILs are related to the formation of a physically adsorbed film on the metal surface during friction.展开更多
A nickel alloy matrix high-temperature self-lubricating coating(77.5 wt%(Ni-Cr-Mo-Al)-12.5 wt%Ag-10 wt%BaF2/CaF2)was prepared by plasma spraying technique.Results show that the Vickers microhardness of coating is(2.9&...A nickel alloy matrix high-temperature self-lubricating coating(77.5 wt%(Ni-Cr-Mo-Al)-12.5 wt%Ag-10 wt%BaF2/CaF2)was prepared by plasma spraying technique.Results show that the Vickers microhardness of coating is(2.9±0.5)GPa,and the average bonding strength is about(35.6±0.5)MPa.The coating rubbing against Inconel 718 superalloy pin exhibits superior tribological performance with coefficient of friction(COF)of below 0.25 and wear rate of 8.2×10^(-5)-15.2×10^(-5)mm^(3)·N^(-1)·m^(-1)at a wide temperature range from 25 to 800℃,and the COF and the wear rate are slightly reduced with temperature increasing.The low COF and wear rate were attributed to the synergistic effects of Ag,BaF_(2)/CaF_(2),Ag2MoO_(4)and BaMoO_(4).展开更多
In situ selective carbothermic reactions and vacuum sintering were used to prepare iron-based friction material directly vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite concentrates.Effects of phosphorus addition(0.05–0.20 wt.%)on ...In situ selective carbothermic reactions and vacuum sintering were used to prepare iron-based friction material directly vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite concentrates.Effects of phosphorus addition(0.05–0.20 wt.%)on the microstructure and properties of iron-based friction material were investigated.The results show that the addition of phosphorus improves the microstructure and properties of the material significantly.When phosphorus addition increases to 0.15 wt.%,the sintering densification is promoted and the number of lamellar pearlites increases.Therefore,the relative density,hardness and tribological properties of the material are greatly enhanced.Particularly,the friction coefficient decreases 0.58 to 0.43,and the wear rate reduces 1.829×10^(–7) to 0.694×10^(–7)cm^(3)J^(-1).The dominant wear mechanism of the material changes severe abrasive wear to mild oxidation wear accordingly.However,when phosphorus addition exceeds 0.15 wt.%,the matrix continuity and tribological properties of the material are deteriorated.Comprehensively,the optimal addition of phosphorus in the iron-based friction material is 0.15 wt.%.展开更多
The influence of the bilayer number on the microstructure,mechanical properties,adhesion strength and tribological behaviors of the WB_(2)/Cr multilayer films was systematically investigated in the present study.Five ...The influence of the bilayer number on the microstructure,mechanical properties,adhesion strength and tribological behaviors of the WB_(2)/Cr multilayer films was systematically investigated in the present study.Five groups of WB_(2)/Cr films with the same modulation ratio were synthesized by magnetron sputtering technique.The crystalline structure of the films was determined by X-ray diffraction.The morphologies and the microstructure of the films were observed by scanning electron microscopy,atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.Furthermore,Nano indenter,scratch tester and ball-on-disc tribometer were used to evaluate the mechanical and tribological properties.As bilayer numbers varied from 5 to 40,the hardness increased first and then decreased with the maximum hardness of 33.9 GPa when the bilayer number is 30.The H/E^(*)and H^(3)/E^(*2)values calculated to evaluate the fracture toughness showed the similar changing trend with hardness.The adhesion strength reached the maximum of 67 N when the bilayer number is 30.The surface roughness and friction coefficient decreased with increasing bilayer number.The wear mechanism was also investigated,and the results suggested that the multilayer film with bilayer number of 30 exhibited the best wear resistance(1.78×10^(–7)mm^(3)/Nm),benefiting from the contribution of high hardness,fracture toughness and adhesion strength.展开更多
Lyotropic liquid crystals have lubricating properties due to their ordered assembly and fluidity,whose mesogens are often characterized by amphiphilic properties.Despite the attention that graphene oxide(GO)has been s...Lyotropic liquid crystals have lubricating properties due to their ordered assembly and fluidity,whose mesogens are often characterized by amphiphilic properties.Despite the attention that graphene oxide(GO)has been studied as a novel amphiphilic lyotropic mesogen this decade,and GO applied as a lubrication additive has been demonstrated in both oil and water-based systems,little research reveals the interfacial lubrication of GO liquid crystals yet.This work reports that GO aqueous dispersion can form lyotropic liquid crystals above a specific critical concentration of 5.00 mg/mL,providing a form of stable water-based lubricant,which can keep stable for several months and can reduce friction by 37.3%and wear by 25.24%.The liquid crystal phase was verified by polarizing microscope and synchrotron radiation small-angle X-ray scattering,and its rheological properties and viscoelasticity were studied by interfacial rheometer.The formation of lyotropic liquid crystals can enhance the stability of GO aqueous dispersions at high density,simultaneously ensuring friction decrease and anti-wear effect.It is attributed to the stable nematic network by the ordered GO sheets.The ordered assembly structure bears vertical shear force,therefore,reducing the wear.It is also assumed that the wide lateral size of graphene oxide promotes the nematic phase thus smoothes the graphene oxide film composed spontaneously under the coincidence of lamellar liquid crystal and 2D layered material.Through this work,the interlayer lubrication of GO was optimized,and the problem of GO dispersion sedimentation was solved by self-assembly.The range of interfacial lubrication of GO aqueous dispersion has been expanded and the synergistic effect is conducive to the environmentally friendly lubricants.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51775537)Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.Y202084)。
文摘Current-carrying sliding is widely applied in aerospace equipment,but it is limited by the poor lubricity of the present materials and the unclear tribological mechanism.This study demonstrated the potential of MoS_(2)-based materials with excellent lubricity as space sliding electrical contact materials by doping Ti to improve its conductivity.The tribological behavior of MoS_(2)-Ti films under current-carrying sliding in vacuum was studied by establishing a simulation evaluating device.Moreover,the noncurrent-carrying sliding and static current-carrying experiments in vacuum were carried out for comparison to understand the tribological mechanism.In addition to mechanical wear,the current-induced arc erosion and thermal effect take important roles in accelerating the wear.Arc erosion is caused by the accumulation of electric charge,which is related to the conductivity of the film.While the current-thermal effect softens the film,causing strong adhesive wear,and good conductivity and the large contact area are beneficial for minimizing the thermal effect.So the moderate hardness and good conductivity of MoS_(2)-Ti film contribute to its excellent current-carrying tribological behavior in vacuum,showing a significant advantage compared with the traditional ones.
基金financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52105160 and U22A20181)the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(2022NSFSC1877)+1 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M720537)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2682021CX028).
文摘A comprehensive modeling strategy for studying the thermomechanical tribological behaviors is proposed in this work.The wear degradation considering the influence of temperature(T)is predicted by Archard wear model with the help of the UMESHMOTION subroutine and arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian(ALE)remeshing technique.Adopting the proposed method,the thermomechanical tribological behaviors of railway vehicle disc brake system composed of forged steel brake disc and Cu-based powder metallurgy(PM)friction block are studied systematically.The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is validated by experimental test on a self-designed scaled brake test bench from the perspectives of interface temperature,wear degradation,friction noise and vibration,and contact status evolution.This work can provide an effective way for the investigation of thermomechanical tribological behaviors in the engineering field.
基金The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51935012 and 52105223)Major Program of the Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics,CAS(No.ZYFZFX-7)Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDPB24).
文摘High-performance polymer friction materials with tunable tribological behavior to fit varied work conditions remain a challenge of widespread interest for a variety of applications.Shape memory polymer exhibits morphing and modulus changing over temperature changing provides a promising material to adjust the friction process.Herein,we investigated the tribological properties of shape memory cyanate ester(SMCE)under different conditions.The SMCE exhibits the tribological behavior of good friction material with stable high coefficient of friction(COF)and a low wear rate.Besides,the COF increases and wear rate decreases with the temperature increasing show the tunable friction property of the SMCE.We propose a new model of wear-compensation through shape recovery to explain the adjustable friction behavior of thermal-responsive polymer from the aspect of shape recovery and energy conversion.This study provides a high-performance friction material and paves the route for the application of shape memory polymer(SMP)in tribology field with tunable property.
基金The authors gratefully thank the financial support from the Research Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51975450 and 51705277).
文摘Black phosphorus(BP)with a layered structure has been used gradually as a lubrication additive in the tribological area.In this study,BP powders are produced via an easy method of high-energy ball milling using red phosphorus as a raw material.Subsequently,BP nanosheets are prepared via liquid exfoliation in N-methyl pyrolidone solvent.The tribological behavior of BP nanosheets as water-based lubrication additives(BP-WL)is evaluated under Ti6Al4V(TC4)/GCr15 contact.The results suggest that the 70 mg/L BP-WL sample exhibits excellent lubrication performance,whose coefficient of friction(COF)and ball wear rate reduced by 32.4%and 61.1%,respectively,compared with those of pure water.However,as the load increased,the tribological properties of BP-WL reduced gradually because of the agglomeration of BP nanosheets.Based on tribological experiments and worn surface analysis,boundary lubrication mechanisms are proposed.The friction reduced,which is primarily attributed to the low interlaminar shear and adsorption of BP nanosheets.In addition,a tribochemical reaction film comprising TiO_(2),Al_(2)O_(3),and Fe_(2)O_(3)effectively protects the surface of titanium alloy/steel from wear.This new water-based lubrication additive can be used to process titanium alloys.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51571114 and 51201120)the Science and Technology Coordination and Innovation Project of Shaanxi Province(No.2016KTZDGY-04-01)the Shaanxi Provincial Education Department(Grant No.16JK1377)
文摘Micro-arc oxidation(MAO)coatings with different concentrations of K_2TiO(C_2O_4)_2 in the sodium silicate base electrolyte were prepared on 6061 aluminum alloy with the aim of promoting a better understanding of the formation mechanisms and tribological behaviors of the coatings.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)assisted with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and friction test were employed to characterize the MAO processes and microstructure of the resultant coatings.Results showed that the composition and microstructure of the coatings were significantly affected by the addition of K_2TiO(C_2O_4)_2.A sealing microstructure of MAO coating was obtained with the addition of K_2TiO(C_2O_4)_2.Ti element from K_2TiO(C_2O_4)_2 was only absorbed into the defects of micropores under surface energy in the early stage,while in the later stage,Ti element was predominant in the micropores and distributed on the coatings under plasma discharge to form TiO_2.It was demonstrated that Ti and Si elements from the electrolyte could interact with each other during the MAO process and the interaction mechanism was systematically analyzed.Wear resistance of the MAO coatings with K_2TiO(C_2O_4)_2 addition was significantly improved compared with that of the MAO coatings without K_2TiO(C_2O_4)_2 addition.
基金This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51527901 and 51335005)the National Key Basic Research Program of China(973 Program,No.2014CB046404)Tribology Science Fund of State Key Laboratory of Tribology(No.SKLTKF18A02).
文摘In this study,the tribological behaviors of graphene as a lubricant additive for steel/copper and steel/steel friction pairs were compared.For the steel/copper friction pair,the graphene sheets remarkably decreased the coefficient of friction and wear scar depth under low loads,but these slightly increased under high loads.The steel/steel friction pair showed excellent tribological properties even under high loads.Severe plastic deformation on the copper surface reduced the stability of the graphene tribofilm because of a rough copper transfer film on the steel during the running-in period.The results provide a better understanding of the mechanism of graphene as a lubricant additive.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21703279,and21506064)Shanghai Natural Science Foundation(No.17ZR1442100)the Shanghai Municipal “Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan” International Cooperation Project(No.15540723600)for financial support
文摘Due to the widespread use of nanocarbon materials(NCMs),more researchers are studying their tribological performances.In this work,the tribological behaviors of the following five types of NCMs with different geometric shapes were evaluated in a novel oil‐in‐water system:spherical fullerenes(C60,0D),tubular multi‐walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNT,1D),sheet graphene oxide(GO,2D),sheet graphene oxide derivative(Oct‐O‐GO,2D),and lamellar graphite(G,3D).Among these,GO with two types of oxidation degrees,i.e.,GO(1),GO(2),and Oct‐O‐GO(1)were synthesized and characterized using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy,Raman spectroscopy,x‐ray diffraction,thermogravimetric analysis,scanning electron microscopy,and contact angle measurements.The load‐carrying capacity of the NCM emulsions were evaluated using a four‐ball test machine,and the lubrication performances were investigated using a high‐frequency reciprocating friction and wear tester with a sliding distance of 1,800 mm under different loads(50 N and 100 N)at 0.5 Hz.The results revealed that the Oct‐O‐GO(1)emulsion exhibited the best load‐carrying capacity,and the best friction‐reducing and anti‐wear properties compared to other emulsions.Moreover,the anti‐wear advantage was more prominent under high load conditions,whereas the other emulsions exhibited a certain degree of abrasive or adhesive wear.The lubrication mechanism was determined through the analysis of worn surfaces using scanning electron microscopy/energy‐dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy,micro‐Raman spectroscopy,and x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy.The results revealed that during frictional sliding,the ingredients in the emulsion can absorb and react with the freshly exposed metal surface to form surface‐active films to protect the surfaces from abrasion.Moreover,it was found that the higher the amount of ingredients that contain alkyl and O‐H/C=O,the better was the lubrication performance in addition to an increase in the carbon residue in the tribofilm generated on the meal surface.
基金The authors would like to thank National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51674304)for the financial support provided.
文摘The aim of this study is to fabricate the nanocomposite with low friction and high wear resistance using binary solid lubricant particles.The microstructure and tribological performance of the nanocomposite are evaluated,and the composition and film thickness of the lubricating film are observed and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).The nanocomposite exhibited improved tribological properties with a friction coefficient as low as 0.12 and a low wear rate of 2.17×10^(-6) mm^(3)/(N∙m)in high‐purity nitrogen atmosphere.Decreasing sliding speed can increase lubricating film thickness,and the thickest lubricating film is approximately 125 nm.As the film thickness of the lubricating film exceeded 90 nm,the friction coefficient curves became smooth.In compared with WS_(2),MoS_(2) can be more effective in forming the transfer layer on the worn surfaces at the initial stage of the tribological process.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Key Research Program of China(2016YFA0201001)Major scientific and technological innovation in Hubei(2017AAA112 and 2018AAA015)+1 种基金the Open research project of the Ministry of Education's Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geo Materials(NGM2017KFO11)the laboratory open foundation of the 2016-2017 academic year(SKJ2018052).
文摘In this study, expanded graphite and natural graphite were introduced into resin-based friction materials, and the tribological behavior of the composites was investigated. The tribo-performance of the two friction composites was evaluated using a constant speed friction tester. The results showed that the expanded graphite composite (EGC) displayed better lubricity in both the fading and the recovery processes. The wear rate of the EGC decreased by 22.43%more than that of the natural graphite composite (NGC). In the fading process, and the EGC enhanced the stability of the coefficient of friction. The recovery maintenance rate of the NGC was 4.66% higher than that of the EGC. It can be concluded that expanded graphite plays an important role in the formation of a stable contact plateau and can effectively reduce the wear.
基金The authors acknowledge the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51605026).
文摘The effect of grain boundary(GB)defects on the tribological properties of MoS_(2) has been investigated by molecular dynamics(MD)simulations.The GB defects‐containing MoS_(2) during scratching process shows a lower critical breaking load than that of indentation process,owing to the combined effect of pushing and interlocking actions between the tip and MoS_(2) atoms.The wear resistance of MoS_(2) with GB defects is relevant to the misorientation angle due to the accumulation of long Mo-S bonds around the GBs.Weakening the adhesion strength between the MoS_(2) and substrate is an efficient way to improve the wear resistance of MoS_(2) with low‐angle GBs.
基金We thank the Pudong New Area Science&Technology Development Fund(Grant No.PKJ2020-N007)the BL19U2 and BL01B beamlines of the National Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai(NFPS)at Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility,China,for the support in the SAXS,WAXS,and synchrotron infrared micro-spectroscopy measurements(Grant Nos.2020-NFPS-PT-004482 and h21pr0002).
文摘The tribological behavior of oil-in-water emulsions formulated with natural lyotropic liquid crystal(LLC)emulsifiers based on natural sucrose ester was studied for the first time.Polarized optical microscopy,synchrotron radiation small-angle X-ray scattering,wide-angle X-ray scattering,and synchrotron radiation infrared microspectroscopy demonstrated that LLC emulsifiers were tightly ordered at the oil–water interface with a distinct nematic texture.The viscosity of emulsion was observed to change over time.Moreover,the zeta potential and laser particle size distribution verified the emulsion’s satisfactory stability.The frictional shearing test proved that the coefficient of friction of the emulsion versus pure oil decreased by 34.2%.The coefficient of friction of the emulsion with liquid crystal decreased 10.1%versus that without liquid crystal.Although liquid crystal emulsion did not exhibit outstanding anti-wear performance compared with pure oil,its wear volume was 29.4%less than the emulsion without liquid crystal.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope–energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(SEM–EDS)proved that the tribo-film of the emulsion with liquid crystal was formed synergistically by the liquid crystal phase with the base oil.The formulation affecting the lubricant quality was further studied by orthogonal experiments.The resulting Stribeck curve behavior suggested that proper composition with a slightly higher viscosity can better reduce friction in both boundary lubrication and mixed lubrication regimes.The lubrication mechanism indicated that the periodically ordered liquid crystal was transported to the sliding asperity in the form of emulsion droplets,which bored the pressure and released the oil to form a tribo-film.This LLC emulsion is environmentally friendly and potentially non-irritant to the skin.Thus,it has promising application prospects as novel water-based and biological lubricants.
基金This work was supported by Natural Science Foundation of the Higher Education Institutions of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.22KJB460038)Suqian Sci&Tech Program(Grant No.K202138).
文摘WC-Al_(2)O_(3)-graphene composite powder was synthesized by ultrasonic treatment and ball milling,then consolidated by hot pressing sintering(HPS).For potential applications,the friction coefficient and wear resistance of the sintered bulks at different temperatures(room temperature,200,400,and 600℃)were investigated.The wear tracks were characterized by scanning electron microscope,energy dispersive spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,respectively.The results show that the friction coefficient decreases and the wear rate increases with the increase of temperature,mainly because oxidization wear occurs on the wear surface of WC-Al_(2)O_(3)-graphene composite under high temperature.The main wear mechanism is the destruction and formation of tribochemical compacted layer.Graphene reduces the wear rate of WC-Al_(2)O_(3)-graphene composite under high tampere.The reason is that graphene reduces oxidation wear by blocking or absorbing oxygen;moreover,graphene reduces the cycle frequency of damage and reconstruction of tribochemical compacted layer by reducing the peeling of it.
基金Supported by the Chengdu Municipal Medical Research Project(Grant Nos.2019005 and 2022014)Sichuan Provincial Cadres Health Research Project(Grant No.ChuanGanYan(2013-104)).
文摘Polyoxymethylene methacrylate (PMMA) is widely used in ophthalmic biomaterials. Misuse of PMMA in extreme environments is likely to damage the ocular surface and intraocular structures. The surface characterization and tribological behavior of PMMA processed using an excimer laser were investigated in this study by contrasting diferent lubrication conditions and friction cycles. The results show that the roughness of the material surface increases with laser processing, which changes its physical structure. Under lubrication, the laser-treated PMMA exhibits better hydrophilicity, especially during the use of eye drops. No obvious relationship exists between the laser-processing time and friction behavior. However, the laser treatment may contribute to the formation of friction and wear mechanisms of PMMA materials. Laser-treated PMMA in saline solution exhibits better abrasive resistance by showing a lower wear rate than that in eye drops, although it has a higher friction coefcient. In this study, the diferent friction stages in laser-treated PMMA were clarifed under two lubrication conditions. The wear rates of the laser-treated PMMA were found to decrease with the number of cycles, and the friction coefcient has a similar variation tendency. The wear behavior of the laser-treated PMMA is dominated by the main abrasive wear and secondary transferred flm formation. This study provides a theoretical basis for the development and application of ophthalmic biomaterials in complex environments by examining the material surface interface behavior and wear mechanism after laser processing using PMMA as the research matrix.
文摘Titanium has been increasingly applied to biomedical application because of its improved mechanical characteristics, corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. However their application remains limited, due to the low strength and poor wear resistance of unalloyed titanium. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the friction and wear behavior of high-strength titanium alloys: Ti-6Al-7Nb used in femoral stem (total hip prosthesis). The oscillating friction and wear tests have been carried out in ambient air with oscillating tribotester in accord with standards ISO 7148, ASTM G99-95a, ASTM G 133-95 under different conditions of normal applied load (3, 6 and 10 N) and sliding speed (1, 15 and 25 mm.s-1), and as a counter pair we used the ball of 100C 6, 10 mm of diameter. The surface morphology of the titanium alloys has been characterized by SEM, EDAX, micro hardness, roughness analysis measurements. The behavior observed for both samples suggests that the wear and friction mechanism during the test is the same for Ti alloys, and to increase resistance to wear and friction of biomedical titanium alloys used in total hip prosthesis (femoral stems) the surface coating and treatment are required.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51605471 and 51505460)National 973 program(No.2013CB632301)for financial support
文摘Unlike most of the conventional ionic liquids(ILs) derived from non-renewable resources, five environmentally friendly ILs([Ch][AA] ILs) derived from amino acids(AAs) and choline(Ch) were synthesized using biomaterials by a simple, green route: acid–base reaction of Ch and AAs. The thermal and corrosion properties, as well as viscosity, of the prepared ILs were examined. The results revealed that the anion structure of ILs plays a dominant role in their thermal and viscosity behavior. These ILs exhibited less corrosion toward copper, related to their halogen-, sulfur-, and phosphorus-free characteristics. The tribological behavior of the synthesized ILs was examined using a Schwingungs Reibung und Verschleiss tester, and the results indicated that these ILs exhibit good friction-reducing and anti-wear properties as lubricants for steel/steel contact. Results from energy-dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicated that the good tribological properties of [Ch][AA] ILs are related to the formation of a physically adsorbed film on the metal surface during friction.
基金the International Science and Technology Cooperation Program of China(No.2015DFR51090)the National Program on Key Research Project of China(No.2016YFE0111400)。
文摘A nickel alloy matrix high-temperature self-lubricating coating(77.5 wt%(Ni-Cr-Mo-Al)-12.5 wt%Ag-10 wt%BaF2/CaF2)was prepared by plasma spraying technique.Results show that the Vickers microhardness of coating is(2.9±0.5)GPa,and the average bonding strength is about(35.6±0.5)MPa.The coating rubbing against Inconel 718 superalloy pin exhibits superior tribological performance with coefficient of friction(COF)of below 0.25 and wear rate of 8.2×10^(-5)-15.2×10^(-5)mm^(3)·N^(-1)·m^(-1)at a wide temperature range from 25 to 800℃,and the COF and the wear rate are slightly reduced with temperature increasing.The low COF and wear rate were attributed to the synergistic effects of Ag,BaF_(2)/CaF_(2),Ag2MoO_(4)and BaMoO_(4).
基金financially supported by the Science and Technology Plan of Panzhihua City in Sichuan Province of China under Grant No.2017CY-C-1.
文摘In situ selective carbothermic reactions and vacuum sintering were used to prepare iron-based friction material directly vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite concentrates.Effects of phosphorus addition(0.05–0.20 wt.%)on the microstructure and properties of iron-based friction material were investigated.The results show that the addition of phosphorus improves the microstructure and properties of the material significantly.When phosphorus addition increases to 0.15 wt.%,the sintering densification is promoted and the number of lamellar pearlites increases.Therefore,the relative density,hardness and tribological properties of the material are greatly enhanced.Particularly,the friction coefficient decreases 0.58 to 0.43,and the wear rate reduces 1.829×10^(–7) to 0.694×10^(–7)cm^(3)J^(-1).The dominant wear mechanism of the material changes severe abrasive wear to mild oxidation wear accordingly.However,when phosphorus addition exceeds 0.15 wt.%,the matrix continuity and tribological properties of the material are deteriorated.Comprehensively,the optimal addition of phosphorus in the iron-based friction material is 0.15 wt.%.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51701157)。
文摘The influence of the bilayer number on the microstructure,mechanical properties,adhesion strength and tribological behaviors of the WB_(2)/Cr multilayer films was systematically investigated in the present study.Five groups of WB_(2)/Cr films with the same modulation ratio were synthesized by magnetron sputtering technique.The crystalline structure of the films was determined by X-ray diffraction.The morphologies and the microstructure of the films were observed by scanning electron microscopy,atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.Furthermore,Nano indenter,scratch tester and ball-on-disc tribometer were used to evaluate the mechanical and tribological properties.As bilayer numbers varied from 5 to 40,the hardness increased first and then decreased with the maximum hardness of 33.9 GPa when the bilayer number is 30.The H/E^(*)and H^(3)/E^(*2)values calculated to evaluate the fracture toughness showed the similar changing trend with hardness.The adhesion strength reached the maximum of 67 N when the bilayer number is 30.The surface roughness and friction coefficient decreased with increasing bilayer number.The wear mechanism was also investigated,and the results suggested that the multilayer film with bilayer number of 30 exhibited the best wear resistance(1.78×10^(–7)mm^(3)/Nm),benefiting from the contribution of high hardness,fracture toughness and adhesion strength.
基金Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB 0470000)the International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences project for Grand Challenges(No.307GJHZ2022034GC)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Development Fund of the Pudong New District(No.PKJ2020-N007)for the financial support,and the BL19U2 and BL01B beamlines of the National Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai(NFPS)at Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facilitythe support in the SAXS,WAXS,and synchrotron infrared micro-spectroscopy measurements(No.2020-NFPS-PT-004482,h21pr0002).
文摘Lyotropic liquid crystals have lubricating properties due to their ordered assembly and fluidity,whose mesogens are often characterized by amphiphilic properties.Despite the attention that graphene oxide(GO)has been studied as a novel amphiphilic lyotropic mesogen this decade,and GO applied as a lubrication additive has been demonstrated in both oil and water-based systems,little research reveals the interfacial lubrication of GO liquid crystals yet.This work reports that GO aqueous dispersion can form lyotropic liquid crystals above a specific critical concentration of 5.00 mg/mL,providing a form of stable water-based lubricant,which can keep stable for several months and can reduce friction by 37.3%and wear by 25.24%.The liquid crystal phase was verified by polarizing microscope and synchrotron radiation small-angle X-ray scattering,and its rheological properties and viscoelasticity were studied by interfacial rheometer.The formation of lyotropic liquid crystals can enhance the stability of GO aqueous dispersions at high density,simultaneously ensuring friction decrease and anti-wear effect.It is attributed to the stable nematic network by the ordered GO sheets.The ordered assembly structure bears vertical shear force,therefore,reducing the wear.It is also assumed that the wide lateral size of graphene oxide promotes the nematic phase thus smoothes the graphene oxide film composed spontaneously under the coincidence of lamellar liquid crystal and 2D layered material.Through this work,the interlayer lubrication of GO was optimized,and the problem of GO dispersion sedimentation was solved by self-assembly.The range of interfacial lubrication of GO aqueous dispersion has been expanded and the synergistic effect is conducive to the environmentally friendly lubricants.
