Objective:To explore the optimal ratio and compatibility effect of paeonol-geniposide combination on acute alcoholic liver injury by uniform design.Methods:Lieber-DeCarli alcoholic liquid feed was used to induce acute...Objective:To explore the optimal ratio and compatibility effect of paeonol-geniposide combination on acute alcoholic liver injury by uniform design.Methods:Lieber-DeCarli alcoholic liquid feed was used to induce acute alcoholic liver injury in mice.Uniform design was used to select the best dosage combination of paeonol and geniposide,and the related indexes of liver injury and oxidative stress were detected by kit.Serum inflammatory factors were detected by ELISA,and the expressions of p38 MAPK,JNK and NF-κB P65 related proteins in liver were detected by Western-blot.Results:The regression equation suggested that paeonol:geniposide=220:20 was the best ratio of paeonol and geniposide to resist alcoholic liver injury.Compared with the model group,the liver injury indexes and oxidation products of the paeonol+geniposide group decreased significantly,the antioxidant activity of liver tissue increased significantly,and the expression levels of p-p38 MAPK,p-JNK and NF-κB P65 protein decreased significantly.Conclusion:The optimal dosage of paeonolgeniposide was effectively optimized by uniform design and pharmacodynamic analysis.The combination of the two drugs could reduce the alcoholic liver injury by reducing the oxidative stress injury and inflammatory response in the liver tissue of mice,and its effect might be related to the targeting of p38 MAPK/JNK/NF-κB channel.展开更多
A Lactobacillus buchneri GBS3 strain isolated from the traditional Chinese pickles was used for the production of 3-phenyllactic acid(PLA), an important compound with antimicrobial activities against a wide species of...A Lactobacillus buchneri GBS3 strain isolated from the traditional Chinese pickles was used for the production of 3-phenyllactic acid(PLA), an important compound with antimicrobial activities against a wide species of grampositive and gram-negative bacteria and some fungi. The growth performance of this strain in the de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe(MRS) medium, the production of metabolites of valuable organic acids, and the biosynthesis of PLA using this strain as the whole-cell biocatalyst and phenylpyruvic acid(PPA) as the precursor, were investigated experimentally. The uniform design method with overlay sampling was developed for the optimization of the biotransformation conditions. The results showed that although it produced naturally lactic acid with the maximum concentration of 1.84 g·L^(-1) and PLA with the concentration of 0.015 g·L^(-1) after 66 to 72 h cultivation in MRS broth by fermentation, the present strain displayed an effective utilization ability by transforming PPA to PLA. By the uniform design method with overlay sampling for the design and optimization of transformation conditions, a maximum yield of 10.93 g·L^(-1) PLA with the mole conversion ratio of 83.07% from PPA to PLA was achieved under the optimized condition, i.e., 20 g·L^(-1) glucose, 270 g·L^(-1) cells, 13 g·L^(-1) PPA, pH 8.0 and the reaction time of 15 h, indicating that Lactobacillus buchneri GBS3 was an interesting strain for the biosynthesis of PLA via the microbial transformation. The prediction of PLA yield under different conditions was achieved successfully based on the limited information of only a small number of experiments by the uniform design with overlay sampling. Therefore, the present methodology is effective and helpful for the optimization of the biosynthesis processes of PLA.展开更多
Harmful algal blooms(HABs) have led to extensive ecological and environmental issues and huge economic losses.Various HAB control techniques have been developed,and biological methods have been paid more attention.Alg...Harmful algal blooms(HABs) have led to extensive ecological and environmental issues and huge economic losses.Various HAB control techniques have been developed,and biological methods have been paid more attention.Algicidal bacteria is a general designation for bacteria which inhibit algal growth in a direct or indirect manner,and kill or damage the algal cells.A metabolite which is strongly toxic to the dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense was produced by strain DH46 of the alga-lysing bacterium Alteromonas sp.The culture conditions were optimized using a single-factor test method.Factors including carbon source,nitrogen source,temperature,initial pH value,rotational speed and salinity were studied.The results showed that the cultivation of the bacteria at 28℃ and 180 r min-1with initial pH 7 and 30 salt contcentration favored both the cell growth and the lysing effect of strain DH46.The optimal medium composition for strain DH46 was determined by means of uniform design experimentation,and the most important components influencing the cell density were tryptone,yeast extract,soluble starch,NaNO3 and MgSO4.When the following culture medium was used(tryptone 14.0g,yeast extract 1.63g,soluble starch 5.0 g,NaNO3 1.6 g,MgSO4 2.3 g in 1L),the largest bacterial dry weight(7.36 g L-1) was obtained,which was an enhancement of 107% compared to the initial medium;and the algal lysis rate was as high as 98.4% which increased nearly 10% after optimization.展开更多
Rubber isolation is the most mature control technology in practical application, and is widely used by short rigid buildings. However, many high isolation buildings have been built around the world in recent years, wh...Rubber isolation is the most mature control technology in practical application, and is widely used by short rigid buildings. However, many high isolation buildings have been built around the world in recent years, which do not follow the existing criterions and codes. Many researchers began to research the special problems caused by larger height-width ratio isolation structures. The overturning effect of high height-width ratio structures with rubber bearing is firstly studied. Considering the main factors, such as the height-width ratio of structures, type of site, the designed basic acceleration of ground motion and the decouple factor in horizon, computing experiment is defined with the Uniform Design Method, which is also known as designing isolation structure. The forces of the bearing under edge of structures based on the position of the rubber bearing are calculated. The result indicates that the rubber bearings will lose its functionality under very high tension and compressing force of earthquake motion in horizon and vertical, when the height-width ratio is over a certain value. Thus, based on the calculation result of isolation structures defined in the uniform design method, regression analysis is conducted, and also the rubber edge force regression formula are gotten, which has higher correlation and smaller standard deviation. This formula can be used to roughly calculate whether the pull force occurs at the edge of the building. By the edge bearings of isolation structure minimum force formula, the height-width ratio limited value of the isolation structure is deducted when rubber bearing has minimum force of zero.展开更多
In this study,the 24 h tensile strength of new type acetone-urea-formaldehyde furan resin (nitrogen content 3%) was investigated by uniform design optimization.Four independent variables such as acetone:formaldehyde m...In this study,the 24 h tensile strength of new type acetone-urea-formaldehyde furan resin (nitrogen content 3%) was investigated by uniform design optimization.Four independent variables such as acetone:formaldehyde molar ratio (mol/mol),solution pH value,reaction temperature (℃) and reaction time (min) were considered in the experiments.U13(134) uniform design was employed and the equation of 24 h tensile strength model was obtained after 13 experimentations.The 24 h tensile strength was optimized by applying single factor experiments and stepwise non-linear regression analysis.Minitab (Minitab 15 trial version) and MATLAB (R2010a trial version) were used for data analysis.The t-value and p-value indicate that the major impact factors include the interaction effect of solution pH value and reaction temperature (X2X3),the linear terms of acetone:formaldehyde molar ratio (X1),reaction time (X4) followed by the square effects of acetone/formaldehyde molar ratio (X1X1).The optimized results were achieved with the acetone:formaldehyde molar ratio (mol/mol) at 3:1,solution pH value at 6.0,reaction temperature at 70℃,and reaction time at 140 min,respectively.This method can not only significantly reduce the number and cost of the tests,but also provide a good experimental design strategy for the development of furan resin.The investigation shows that the predicted results of 24 h tensile strength are consistent well with the experimental ones.展开更多
Uniform design was used to optimize extraction condition of direct refluence extraction of coumarins from the Chinese traditional medicine of radix angelicae pubescentis(Duhuo); the sum peak area of coumarins separate...Uniform design was used to optimize extraction condition of direct refluence extraction of coumarins from the Chinese traditional medicine of radix angelicae pubescentis(Duhuo); the sum peak area of coumarins separated with high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) at detection wavelength of 320nm was considered as detection index, two factors of solvent concentration and extraction time were mainly studied at extraction temperature of 85℃ and a volume ratio of solvent to sample of 10∶1. Optimal subclass, quadric polynomial step by step aggression and neural network method were applied to process the experimental results. The results show that the first and second methods give the same factors combination (concentration of ethanol: 95%, extraction time: 3.6 h) and the second method is much better than the first one. The extraction model is consequently developed.展开更多
This paper presents a methodology for automatically generating risk scenarios for dynamic reliability applications in which some dynamic characteristics(e.g.,the order,timing and magnitude of events,the value of relev...This paper presents a methodology for automatically generating risk scenarios for dynamic reliability applications in which some dynamic characteristics(e.g.,the order,timing and magnitude of events,the value of relevant process parameters and initial conditions) have a significant influence on the evolution of the system.The main idea of the methodology is:(i) making the system model "express itself" through simulation by having the model driven by an elaborated simulation engine;(ii) exploiting uniform design to pick out a small subset of representative design points from the space of relevant dynamic characteristics;(iii) for each selected design point,employing a depth-first systematic exploration strategy to cover all possible scenario branches at each branch point.A highly dynamic example adapted from the literature(a chemical batch reactor) is studied to test the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.展开更多
In order to develop a basic electrode with low fume and good usability, a new slag system has been designed after analyzing several basic electrode slag systems. Then in view of uniform design method, arranging the ex...In order to develop a basic electrode with low fume and good usability, a new slag system has been designed after analyzing several basic electrode slag systems. Then in view of uniform design method, arranging the experiment points by it, the influenced laws of the new system coating components on the arc stability had been searched. In the formula, nine coating components were taken as independent variables and they were divided into six levels in all twenty-four experiments. The arc stability was taken as function and taken down the data when welding and then put them into the computer to be processed statistically. The analysis results give the mathematical model and trend diagrams between independent variables and the function. They indicate that the effects of many coating components on the arc stability are in the mutual form. The mutual effects between CaCO3 and BaF2, BaF2 and BaCO3, increases the arc stability separately. While the mutual effects between CaF2 and iron powder, the square item of iron powder itself decreases the arc stability separately.展开更多
This paper proposes a systematic method, integrating the uniform design(UD) of experiments and quantumbehaved particle swarm optimization(QPSO), to solve the problem of a robust design for a railway vehicle suspension...This paper proposes a systematic method, integrating the uniform design(UD) of experiments and quantumbehaved particle swarm optimization(QPSO), to solve the problem of a robust design for a railway vehicle suspension system. Based on the new nonlinear creep model derived from combining Hertz contact theory, Kalker's linear theory and a heuristic nonlinear creep model, the modeling and dynamic analysis of a 24 degree-of-freedom railway vehicle system were investigated. The Lyapunov indirect method was used to examine the effects of suspension parameters,wheel conicities and wheel rolling radii on critical hunting speeds. Generally, the critical hunting speeds of a vehicle system resulting from worn wheels with different wheel rolling radii are lower than those of a vehicle system having original wheels without different wheel rolling radii. Because of worn wheels, the critical hunting speed of a running railway vehicle substantially declines over the long term. For safety reasons, it is necessary to design the suspension system parameters to increase the robustness of the system and decrease the sensitive of wheel noises. By applying UD and QPSO, the nominal-the-best signal-to-noise ratio of the system was increased from-48.17 to-34.05 dB. The rate of improvement was 29.31%. This study has demonstrated that the integration of UD and QPSO can successfully reveal the optimal solution of suspension parameters for solving the robust design problem of a railway vehicle suspension system.展开更多
A uniform experimental design(UED)is an extremely used powerful and efficient methodology for designing experiments with high-dimensional inputs,limited resources and unknown underlying models.A UED enjoys the followi...A uniform experimental design(UED)is an extremely used powerful and efficient methodology for designing experiments with high-dimensional inputs,limited resources and unknown underlying models.A UED enjoys the following two significant advantages:(i)It is a robust design,since it does not require to specify a model before experimenters conduct their experiments;and(ii)it provides uniformly scatter design points in the experimental domain,thus it gives a good representation of this domain with fewer experimental trials(runs).Many real-life experiments involve hundreds or thousands of active factors and thus large UEDs are needed.Constructing large UEDs using the existing techniques is an NP-hard problem,an extremely time-consuming heuristic search process and a satisfactory result is not guaranteed.This paper presents a new effective and easy technique,adjusted Gray map technique(AGMT),for constructing(nearly)UEDs with large numbers of four-level factors and runs by converting designs with s two-level factors and n runs to(nearly)UEDs with 2^(t−1)s four-level factors and 2tn runs for any t≥0 using two simple transformation functions.Theoretical justifications for the uniformity of the resulting four-level designs are given,which provide some necessary and/or sufficient conditions for obtaining(nearly)uniform four-level designs.The results show that the AGMT is much easier and better than the existing widely used techniques and it can be effectively used to simply generate new recommended large(nearly)UEDs with four-level factors.展开更多
In this paper,we deduced an iteration formula for the computation of central composite discrepancy.By using the iteration formula,the computational complexity of uniform design construction in flexible region can be g...In this paper,we deduced an iteration formula for the computation of central composite discrepancy.By using the iteration formula,the computational complexity of uniform design construction in flexible region can be greatly reduced.And we also made a refinement to threshold accepting algorithm to accelerate the algorithm's convergence rate.Examples show that the refined algorithm can converge to the lower discrepancy design more stably.展开更多
An appropriate microenvironment for preserving cultural relics is essential,and the air-water direct contact tech-nology is utilized to create the microenvironment recently.The influence of a deflector in a tank was n...An appropriate microenvironment for preserving cultural relics is essential,and the air-water direct contact tech-nology is utilized to create the microenvironment recently.The influence of a deflector in a tank was numerically investigated based on uniform design method to improve the heat and mass transfer and pressure drop perfor-mance of the air-water direct tank.In this study,a simplified CFD-based model was established and validated between airstream and water surface within the tank,to analyze the heat and mass transfer and pressure drop processes.Meanwhile,regression models of the heat transfers rate,mass transfer rate and pressure drop were developed by uniform design method based on three parameters:installation position,tilt angle,and height of the deflector,in order to analyze the influences of these three parameters on the heat and mass transfer and pressure drop of the tank.Finally,all three optimal structural parameters of the deflector were obtained based on the proposed comprehensive evaluation index using a genetic algorithm.The results showed that the model established for air-water direct contact adopted well to predict the heat and mass transfer and pressure drop per-formance between airstream and still water surface.Furthermore,the results found that the flow field inside the water tank was affected by the deflector’s structure,which affected the heat and mass transfer performance.The simulation results suggested that the deflector’s optimal structural parameters are 8 mm of installation position,88°of tilt angle and 19 mm of height,respectively,within a given extent in this study.展开更多
The fluctuation of wind power brings great challenges to the secure,stable,and cost-efficient operation of the power system.Because of the time-correlation of wind speed and the wake effect of wind turbines,the layout...The fluctuation of wind power brings great challenges to the secure,stable,and cost-efficient operation of the power system.Because of the time-correlation of wind speed and the wake effect of wind turbines,the layout of wind farm has a significant impact on the wind power sequential fluctuation.In order to reduce the fluctuation of wind power and improve the operation security with lower operating cost,a bi-objective layout optimization model for multiple wind farms considering the sequential fluctuation of wind power is proposed in this paper.The goal is to determine the optimal installed capacity of wind farms and the location of wind turbines.The proposed model maximizes the energy production and minimizes the fluctuation of wind power simultaneously.To improve the accuracy of wind speed estimation and hence the power calculation,the timeshifting of wind speed between the wind tower and turbines’locations is also considered.A uniform design based two-stage genetic algorithm is developed for the solution of the proposed model.Case studies demonstrate the effectiveness of this proposed model.展开更多
Multi-component mixture(MCM) is a complicated chemical system that contains a great deal of mixture rays with various mixture ratios, and each ray includes many mixtures with different concentration levels.Currently, ...Multi-component mixture(MCM) is a complicated chemical system that contains a great deal of mixture rays with various mixture ratios, and each ray includes many mixtures with different concentration levels.Currently, in combined toxicity field, almost all studies on MCM focus on the mixtures designed by the equivalenteffect concentration ratio(EECR) procedure. However, the EECR mixtures cannot represent the whole mixture system because the EECR mixtures are located on one mixture ray in concentration space formed by multiple components. In our view, some optimal experimental design such as the uniform design(UD) should be used to effectively select many representative mixture rays from the MCM system,instead of single EECR ray. The uniform design ray(UDray) integrating UD idea with fixed-ratio ray design can systematically and comprehensively measure the combined toxicity changes in the MCM system. This review introduces the operation method, construction of uniform table and corresponding usable table, and some cases of application of the UD-ray to help readers easily use UD-ray in their MCM toxicity assessment.展开更多
A microwave-H2O2 process for sludge pretreatment exhibited high efficiencies of releasing organics,nitrogen,and phosphorus,but large quantities of H2O2 residues were detected.A uniform design method was thus employed ...A microwave-H2O2 process for sludge pretreatment exhibited high efficiencies of releasing organics,nitrogen,and phosphorus,but large quantities of H2O2 residues were detected.A uniform design method was thus employed in this study to further optimize H2O2 dosage by investigating effects of pH and H2O2 dosage on the amount of H2O2 residue and releases of organics,nitrogen,and phosphorus.A regression model was established with pH and H2O2 dosage as the independent variables,and H2O2 residue and releases of organics,nitrogen,and phosphorus as the dependent variables.In the optimized microwave-H2O2 process,the pH value of the sludge was firstly adjusted to 11.0,then the sludge was heated to 80°C and H2O2 was dosed at a H2O2:mixed liquor suspended solids(MLSS)ratio of 0.2,and the sludge was finally heated to 100°C by microwave irradiation.Compared to the microwave-H2O2 process without optimization,the H2O2 dosage and the utilization rate of H2O2 in the optimized microwave-H2O2 process were reduced by 80% and greatly improved by 3.87 times,respectively,when the H2O2:MLSS dosage ratio was decreased from 1.0 to 0.2,resulting in nearly the same release rate of soluble chemical oxygen demand in the microwave-H2O2 process without optimization at H2O2:MLSS ratio of 0.5.展开更多
In this article,we consider the characterization problem in design theory.The objective is to characterize minimum projection uniformity for two-level designs in terms of their complementary designs.Here,the complemen...In this article,we consider the characterization problem in design theory.The objective is to characterize minimum projection uniformity for two-level designs in terms of their complementary designs.Here,the complementary design means a design in which all the Hamming distances of any two runs are the same,which generalizes the concept of a pair of complementary designs in the literature.Based on relationships of the uniformity pattern between a pair of complementary designs,we propose a minimum projection uniformity(MPU) rule to assess and compare two-level factorials.展开更多
In order to reduce the cost of AB5-type hydrogen storage alloys, effects of substitution of Ce for La (A side) and Fe, Mn, Al for Ni (B side) on structural and electrochemical properties of (LaCe)1(NiFeMnAl)5 alloys w...In order to reduce the cost of AB5-type hydrogen storage alloys, effects of substitution of Ce for La (A side) and Fe, Mn, Al for Ni (B side) on structural and electrochemical properties of (LaCe)1(NiFeMnAl)5 alloys were studied systematically. To make component uniform and operation easy, uniform design (UD) method was introduced into the study of composition optimization of Co-free Fe-containing AB5-type alloys for the first time. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that the designed alloys were of single CaCu5-type structure phase. The replacement of Fe had a severe effect on electrochemical capacity, and the substitution of Fe and Al had a synergetic action among the unit cell volume, cycling stability and high rate discharge property. Interestingly, it was found that the hydrogen storage alloys with exces-sively high plateau pressure showed a tilted line in Nyquist plot instead of the semicircle, and the current decayed rapidly to near zero at the beginning of the step in constant potential step (CPS), indicating that electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) and CPS cannot accurately measure the electrochemical kinetics process of the hydrogen storage alloys with excessively high plateau pressure.展开更多
Consider a design of experiments with mixtures:0≤ai【xi【bi≤1, 1≤i≤s,x1+…+xs=1,where ai, bi,1≤i≤s are given constants. A method is proposed to treat this model by the theory of uniform distribution in number th...Consider a design of experiments with mixtures:0≤ai【xi【bi≤1, 1≤i≤s,x1+…+xs=1,where ai, bi,1≤i≤s are given constants. A method is proposed to treat this model by the theory of uniform distribution in number theory.展开更多
文摘Objective:To explore the optimal ratio and compatibility effect of paeonol-geniposide combination on acute alcoholic liver injury by uniform design.Methods:Lieber-DeCarli alcoholic liquid feed was used to induce acute alcoholic liver injury in mice.Uniform design was used to select the best dosage combination of paeonol and geniposide,and the related indexes of liver injury and oxidative stress were detected by kit.Serum inflammatory factors were detected by ELISA,and the expressions of p38 MAPK,JNK and NF-κB P65 related proteins in liver were detected by Western-blot.Results:The regression equation suggested that paeonol:geniposide=220:20 was the best ratio of paeonol and geniposide to resist alcoholic liver injury.Compared with the model group,the liver injury indexes and oxidation products of the paeonol+geniposide group decreased significantly,the antioxidant activity of liver tissue increased significantly,and the expression levels of p-p38 MAPK,p-JNK and NF-κB P65 protein decreased significantly.Conclusion:The optimal dosage of paeonolgeniposide was effectively optimized by uniform design and pharmacodynamic analysis.The combination of the two drugs could reduce the alcoholic liver injury by reducing the oxidative stress injury and inflammatory response in the liver tissue of mice,and its effect might be related to the targeting of p38 MAPK/JNK/NF-κB channel.
基金Supported partially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21576240)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LZ14B060001,LY16B060011)
文摘A Lactobacillus buchneri GBS3 strain isolated from the traditional Chinese pickles was used for the production of 3-phenyllactic acid(PLA), an important compound with antimicrobial activities against a wide species of grampositive and gram-negative bacteria and some fungi. The growth performance of this strain in the de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe(MRS) medium, the production of metabolites of valuable organic acids, and the biosynthesis of PLA using this strain as the whole-cell biocatalyst and phenylpyruvic acid(PPA) as the precursor, were investigated experimentally. The uniform design method with overlay sampling was developed for the optimization of the biotransformation conditions. The results showed that although it produced naturally lactic acid with the maximum concentration of 1.84 g·L^(-1) and PLA with the concentration of 0.015 g·L^(-1) after 66 to 72 h cultivation in MRS broth by fermentation, the present strain displayed an effective utilization ability by transforming PPA to PLA. By the uniform design method with overlay sampling for the design and optimization of transformation conditions, a maximum yield of 10.93 g·L^(-1) PLA with the mole conversion ratio of 83.07% from PPA to PLA was achieved under the optimized condition, i.e., 20 g·L^(-1) glucose, 270 g·L^(-1) cells, 13 g·L^(-1) PPA, pH 8.0 and the reaction time of 15 h, indicating that Lactobacillus buchneri GBS3 was an interesting strain for the biosynthesis of PLA via the microbial transformation. The prediction of PLA yield under different conditions was achieved successfully based on the limited information of only a small number of experiments by the uniform design with overlay sampling. Therefore, the present methodology is effective and helpful for the optimization of the biosynthesis processes of PLA.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation(40930847,31070442)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2012J01150)Public science and technology research funds projects of ocean(201305016,201305041,201305022) and MELRI1003
文摘Harmful algal blooms(HABs) have led to extensive ecological and environmental issues and huge economic losses.Various HAB control techniques have been developed,and biological methods have been paid more attention.Algicidal bacteria is a general designation for bacteria which inhibit algal growth in a direct or indirect manner,and kill or damage the algal cells.A metabolite which is strongly toxic to the dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense was produced by strain DH46 of the alga-lysing bacterium Alteromonas sp.The culture conditions were optimized using a single-factor test method.Factors including carbon source,nitrogen source,temperature,initial pH value,rotational speed and salinity were studied.The results showed that the cultivation of the bacteria at 28℃ and 180 r min-1with initial pH 7 and 30 salt contcentration favored both the cell growth and the lysing effect of strain DH46.The optimal medium composition for strain DH46 was determined by means of uniform design experimentation,and the most important components influencing the cell density were tryptone,yeast extract,soluble starch,NaNO3 and MgSO4.When the following culture medium was used(tryptone 14.0g,yeast extract 1.63g,soluble starch 5.0 g,NaNO3 1.6 g,MgSO4 2.3 g in 1L),the largest bacterial dry weight(7.36 g L-1) was obtained,which was an enhancement of 107% compared to the initial medium;and the algal lysis rate was as high as 98.4% which increased nearly 10% after optimization.
基金This work was partially supported by the NNSF of China(10441001) the Project sponsored by SRF for ROCS (SEM) the NSF of Hubei Province. The second author's research was also partially supported by the Pre-studies Project of NBRP (2003CCA2400)
文摘Rubber isolation is the most mature control technology in practical application, and is widely used by short rigid buildings. However, many high isolation buildings have been built around the world in recent years, which do not follow the existing criterions and codes. Many researchers began to research the special problems caused by larger height-width ratio isolation structures. The overturning effect of high height-width ratio structures with rubber bearing is firstly studied. Considering the main factors, such as the height-width ratio of structures, type of site, the designed basic acceleration of ground motion and the decouple factor in horizon, computing experiment is defined with the Uniform Design Method, which is also known as designing isolation structure. The forces of the bearing under edge of structures based on the position of the rubber bearing are calculated. The result indicates that the rubber bearings will lose its functionality under very high tension and compressing force of earthquake motion in horizon and vertical, when the height-width ratio is over a certain value. Thus, based on the calculation result of isolation structures defined in the uniform design method, regression analysis is conducted, and also the rubber edge force regression formula are gotten, which has higher correlation and smaller standard deviation. This formula can be used to roughly calculate whether the pull force occurs at the edge of the building. By the edge bearings of isolation structure minimum force formula, the height-width ratio limited value of the isolation structure is deducted when rubber bearing has minimum force of zero.
文摘In this study,the 24 h tensile strength of new type acetone-urea-formaldehyde furan resin (nitrogen content 3%) was investigated by uniform design optimization.Four independent variables such as acetone:formaldehyde molar ratio (mol/mol),solution pH value,reaction temperature (℃) and reaction time (min) were considered in the experiments.U13(134) uniform design was employed and the equation of 24 h tensile strength model was obtained after 13 experimentations.The 24 h tensile strength was optimized by applying single factor experiments and stepwise non-linear regression analysis.Minitab (Minitab 15 trial version) and MATLAB (R2010a trial version) were used for data analysis.The t-value and p-value indicate that the major impact factors include the interaction effect of solution pH value and reaction temperature (X2X3),the linear terms of acetone:formaldehyde molar ratio (X1),reaction time (X4) followed by the square effects of acetone/formaldehyde molar ratio (X1X1).The optimized results were achieved with the acetone:formaldehyde molar ratio (mol/mol) at 3:1,solution pH value at 6.0,reaction temperature at 70℃,and reaction time at 140 min,respectively.This method can not only significantly reduce the number and cost of the tests,but also provide a good experimental design strategy for the development of furan resin.The investigation shows that the predicted results of 24 h tensile strength are consistent well with the experimental ones.
基金Project(2004714) supported by the Development and Innovation Committee of Hunan Province
文摘Uniform design was used to optimize extraction condition of direct refluence extraction of coumarins from the Chinese traditional medicine of radix angelicae pubescentis(Duhuo); the sum peak area of coumarins separated with high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) at detection wavelength of 320nm was considered as detection index, two factors of solvent concentration and extraction time were mainly studied at extraction temperature of 85℃ and a volume ratio of solvent to sample of 10∶1. Optimal subclass, quadric polynomial step by step aggression and neural network method were applied to process the experimental results. The results show that the first and second methods give the same factors combination (concentration of ethanol: 95%, extraction time: 3.6 h) and the second method is much better than the first one. The extraction model is consequently developed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (70901004)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (YWF-10-01-A12)
文摘This paper presents a methodology for automatically generating risk scenarios for dynamic reliability applications in which some dynamic characteristics(e.g.,the order,timing and magnitude of events,the value of relevant process parameters and initial conditions) have a significant influence on the evolution of the system.The main idea of the methodology is:(i) making the system model "express itself" through simulation by having the model driven by an elaborated simulation engine;(ii) exploiting uniform design to pick out a small subset of representative design points from the space of relevant dynamic characteristics;(iii) for each selected design point,employing a depth-first systematic exploration strategy to cover all possible scenario branches at each branch point.A highly dynamic example adapted from the literature(a chemical batch reactor) is studied to test the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.
基金Supported by Research Project of Heilongjiang Education Science and Technology (11521051)
文摘In order to develop a basic electrode with low fume and good usability, a new slag system has been designed after analyzing several basic electrode slag systems. Then in view of uniform design method, arranging the experiment points by it, the influenced laws of the new system coating components on the arc stability had been searched. In the formula, nine coating components were taken as independent variables and they were divided into six levels in all twenty-four experiments. The arc stability was taken as function and taken down the data when welding and then put them into the computer to be processed statistically. The analysis results give the mathematical model and trend diagrams between independent variables and the function. They indicate that the effects of many coating components on the arc stability are in the mutual form. The mutual effects between CaCO3 and BaF2, BaF2 and BaCO3, increases the arc stability separately. While the mutual effects between CaF2 and iron powder, the square item of iron powder itself decreases the arc stability separately.
基金the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan (Grants MOST 104-2221-E-327019, MOST 105-2221-E-327-014) for financial support of this study
文摘This paper proposes a systematic method, integrating the uniform design(UD) of experiments and quantumbehaved particle swarm optimization(QPSO), to solve the problem of a robust design for a railway vehicle suspension system. Based on the new nonlinear creep model derived from combining Hertz contact theory, Kalker's linear theory and a heuristic nonlinear creep model, the modeling and dynamic analysis of a 24 degree-of-freedom railway vehicle system were investigated. The Lyapunov indirect method was used to examine the effects of suspension parameters,wheel conicities and wheel rolling radii on critical hunting speeds. Generally, the critical hunting speeds of a vehicle system resulting from worn wheels with different wheel rolling radii are lower than those of a vehicle system having original wheels without different wheel rolling radii. Because of worn wheels, the critical hunting speed of a running railway vehicle substantially declines over the long term. For safety reasons, it is necessary to design the suspension system parameters to increase the robustness of the system and decrease the sensitive of wheel noises. By applying UD and QPSO, the nominal-the-best signal-to-noise ratio of the system was increased from-48.17 to-34.05 dB. The rate of improvement was 29.31%. This study has demonstrated that the integration of UD and QPSO can successfully reveal the optimal solution of suspension parameters for solving the robust design problem of a railway vehicle suspension system.
基金supported by the UIC Research Grants with No.of(R201912 and R202010)the Curriculum Development and Teaching Enhancement with No.of(UICR0400046-21CTL)+1 种基金the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Research and Application for Data Science,BNU-HKBU United International College with No.of(2022B1212010006)Guangdong Higher Education Upgrading Plan(2021-2025)with No.of(UICR0400001-22).
文摘A uniform experimental design(UED)is an extremely used powerful and efficient methodology for designing experiments with high-dimensional inputs,limited resources and unknown underlying models.A UED enjoys the following two significant advantages:(i)It is a robust design,since it does not require to specify a model before experimenters conduct their experiments;and(ii)it provides uniformly scatter design points in the experimental domain,thus it gives a good representation of this domain with fewer experimental trials(runs).Many real-life experiments involve hundreds or thousands of active factors and thus large UEDs are needed.Constructing large UEDs using the existing techniques is an NP-hard problem,an extremely time-consuming heuristic search process and a satisfactory result is not guaranteed.This paper presents a new effective and easy technique,adjusted Gray map technique(AGMT),for constructing(nearly)UEDs with large numbers of four-level factors and runs by converting designs with s two-level factors and n runs to(nearly)UEDs with 2^(t−1)s four-level factors and 2tn runs for any t≥0 using two simple transformation functions.Theoretical justifications for the uniformity of the resulting four-level designs are given,which provide some necessary and/or sufficient conditions for obtaining(nearly)uniform four-level designs.The results show that the AGMT is much easier and better than the existing widely used techniques and it can be effectively used to simply generate new recommended large(nearly)UEDs with four-level factors.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11571133 and 11101173)。
文摘In this paper,we deduced an iteration formula for the computation of central composite discrepancy.By using the iteration formula,the computational complexity of uniform design construction in flexible region can be greatly reduced.And we also made a refinement to threshold accepting algorithm to accelerate the algorithm's convergence rate.Examples show that the refined algorithm can converge to the lower discrepancy design more stably.
基金This present work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51636007)the N Cultural Relics Protection Science and Technology Program of Zhejiang Province(No.2020009).No conflict of interest exists in submitting this manuscript,and all au-thors approve the manuscript for publication.
文摘An appropriate microenvironment for preserving cultural relics is essential,and the air-water direct contact tech-nology is utilized to create the microenvironment recently.The influence of a deflector in a tank was numerically investigated based on uniform design method to improve the heat and mass transfer and pressure drop perfor-mance of the air-water direct tank.In this study,a simplified CFD-based model was established and validated between airstream and water surface within the tank,to analyze the heat and mass transfer and pressure drop processes.Meanwhile,regression models of the heat transfers rate,mass transfer rate and pressure drop were developed by uniform design method based on three parameters:installation position,tilt angle,and height of the deflector,in order to analyze the influences of these three parameters on the heat and mass transfer and pressure drop of the tank.Finally,all three optimal structural parameters of the deflector were obtained based on the proposed comprehensive evaluation index using a genetic algorithm.The results showed that the model established for air-water direct contact adopted well to predict the heat and mass transfer and pressure drop per-formance between airstream and still water surface.Furthermore,the results found that the flow field inside the water tank was affected by the deflector’s structure,which affected the heat and mass transfer performance.The simulation results suggested that the deflector’s optimal structural parameters are 8 mm of installation position,88°of tilt angle and 19 mm of height,respectively,within a given extent in this study.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51377178,51607051)Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.1908085QE237,2108085UD08)Visiting Scholarship of State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment&System Security and New Technology(Chongqing University)(2007DA105127).
文摘The fluctuation of wind power brings great challenges to the secure,stable,and cost-efficient operation of the power system.Because of the time-correlation of wind speed and the wake effect of wind turbines,the layout of wind farm has a significant impact on the wind power sequential fluctuation.In order to reduce the fluctuation of wind power and improve the operation security with lower operating cost,a bi-objective layout optimization model for multiple wind farms considering the sequential fluctuation of wind power is proposed in this paper.The goal is to determine the optimal installed capacity of wind farms and the location of wind turbines.The proposed model maximizes the energy production and minimizes the fluctuation of wind power simultaneously.To improve the accuracy of wind speed estimation and hence the power calculation,the timeshifting of wind speed between the wind tower and turbines’locations is also considered.A uniform design based two-stage genetic algorithm is developed for the solution of the proposed model.Case studies demonstrate the effectiveness of this proposed model.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(2117709721207002)Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education(20120072110052)
文摘Multi-component mixture(MCM) is a complicated chemical system that contains a great deal of mixture rays with various mixture ratios, and each ray includes many mixtures with different concentration levels.Currently, in combined toxicity field, almost all studies on MCM focus on the mixtures designed by the equivalenteffect concentration ratio(EECR) procedure. However, the EECR mixtures cannot represent the whole mixture system because the EECR mixtures are located on one mixture ray in concentration space formed by multiple components. In our view, some optimal experimental design such as the uniform design(UD) should be used to effectively select many representative mixture rays from the MCM system,instead of single EECR ray. The uniform design ray(UDray) integrating UD idea with fixed-ratio ray design can systematically and comprehensively measure the combined toxicity changes in the MCM system. This review introduces the operation method, construction of uniform table and corresponding usable table, and some cases of application of the UD-ray to help readers easily use UD-ray in their MCM toxicity assessment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51008297)the Hi-Tech Research and Development Program (863) of China(No. 2007AA06Z347)the National Major Science & Technology Projects for Water Pollution Control and Management (No. 2012ZX07202-005)
文摘A microwave-H2O2 process for sludge pretreatment exhibited high efficiencies of releasing organics,nitrogen,and phosphorus,but large quantities of H2O2 residues were detected.A uniform design method was thus employed in this study to further optimize H2O2 dosage by investigating effects of pH and H2O2 dosage on the amount of H2O2 residue and releases of organics,nitrogen,and phosphorus.A regression model was established with pH and H2O2 dosage as the independent variables,and H2O2 residue and releases of organics,nitrogen,and phosphorus as the dependent variables.In the optimized microwave-H2O2 process,the pH value of the sludge was firstly adjusted to 11.0,then the sludge was heated to 80°C and H2O2 was dosed at a H2O2:mixed liquor suspended solids(MLSS)ratio of 0.2,and the sludge was finally heated to 100°C by microwave irradiation.Compared to the microwave-H2O2 process without optimization,the H2O2 dosage and the utilization rate of H2O2 in the optimized microwave-H2O2 process were reduced by 80% and greatly improved by 3.87 times,respectively,when the H2O2:MLSS dosage ratio was decreased from 1.0 to 0.2,resulting in nearly the same release rate of soluble chemical oxygen demand in the microwave-H2O2 process without optimization at H2O2:MLSS ratio of 0.5.
基金supported by the NSF of China (10671080)NCET (06-672)the Key Project of Chinese Ministry of Education (105119)
文摘In this article,we consider the characterization problem in design theory.The objective is to characterize minimum projection uniformity for two-level designs in terms of their complementary designs.Here,the complementary design means a design in which all the Hamming distances of any two runs are the same,which generalizes the concept of a pair of complementary designs in the literature.Based on relationships of the uniformity pattern between a pair of complementary designs,we propose a minimum projection uniformity(MPU) rule to assess and compare two-level factorials.
基金Project supported by the Guangdong-Ministry of Education (GD-MOE) Coordination Project of Industry Academic and Research (2008B090500274)Chengdu Key Technologies R&D Program (10GGYB897GX-023)
文摘In order to reduce the cost of AB5-type hydrogen storage alloys, effects of substitution of Ce for La (A side) and Fe, Mn, Al for Ni (B side) on structural and electrochemical properties of (LaCe)1(NiFeMnAl)5 alloys were studied systematically. To make component uniform and operation easy, uniform design (UD) method was introduced into the study of composition optimization of Co-free Fe-containing AB5-type alloys for the first time. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that the designed alloys were of single CaCu5-type structure phase. The replacement of Fe had a severe effect on electrochemical capacity, and the substitution of Fe and Al had a synergetic action among the unit cell volume, cycling stability and high rate discharge property. Interestingly, it was found that the hydrogen storage alloys with exces-sively high plateau pressure showed a tilted line in Nyquist plot instead of the semicircle, and the current decayed rapidly to near zero at the beginning of the step in constant potential step (CPS), indicating that electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) and CPS cannot accurately measure the electrochemical kinetics process of the hydrogen storage alloys with excessively high plateau pressure.
基金Project partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaInstitute of Mathematics,Taipei.
文摘Consider a design of experiments with mixtures:0≤ai【xi【bi≤1, 1≤i≤s,x1+…+xs=1,where ai, bi,1≤i≤s are given constants. A method is proposed to treat this model by the theory of uniform distribution in number theory.
