To reduce the cost and increase the efficiency of plant genetic marker fingerprinting for variety discrimination,it is desirable to identify the optimal marker combinations.We describe a marker combination screening m...To reduce the cost and increase the efficiency of plant genetic marker fingerprinting for variety discrimination,it is desirable to identify the optimal marker combinations.We describe a marker combination screening model based on the genetic algorithm(GA)and implemented in a software tool,Loci Scan.Ratio-based variety discrimination power provided the largest optimization space among multiple fitness functions.Among GA parameters,an increase in population size and generation number enlarged optimization depth but also calculation workload.Exhaustive algorithm afforded the same optimization depth as GA but vastly increased calculation time.In comparison with two other software tools,Loci Scan accommodated missing data,reduced calculation time,and offered more fitness functions.In large datasets,the sample size of training data exerted the strongest influence on calculation time,whereas the marker size of training data showed no effect,and target marker number had limited effect on analysis speed.展开更多
Apricot has a long history of cultivation and has many varieties and types. The traditional variety identification methods are timeconsuming and labor-consuming, posing grand challenges to apricot resource management....Apricot has a long history of cultivation and has many varieties and types. The traditional variety identification methods are timeconsuming and labor-consuming, posing grand challenges to apricot resource management. Tool development in this regard will help researchers quickly identify variety information. This study photographed apricot fruits outdoors and indoors and constructed a dataset that can precisely classify the fruits using a U-net model (F-score:99%), which helps to obtain the fruit's size, shape, and color features. Meanwhile, a variety search engine was constructed, which can search and identify variety from the database according to the above features. Besides, a mobile and web application (ApricotView) was developed, and the construction mode can be also applied to other varieties of fruit trees.Additionally, we have collected four difficult-to-identify seed datasets and used the VGG16 model for training, with an accuracy of 97%, which provided an important basis for ApricotView. To address the difficulties in data collection bottlenecking apricot phenomics research, we developed the first apricot database platform of its kind (ApricotDIAP, http://apricotdiap.com/) to accumulate, manage, and publicize scientific data of apricot.展开更多
A field experiment was carried out to determine the effect of variety and plant spacing on yield and growth of groundnuts. The field experiment was laid in a 3 × 3 factorial experiment in a Randomized Complete Bl...A field experiment was carried out to determine the effect of variety and plant spacing on yield and growth of groundnuts. The field experiment was laid in a 3 × 3 factorial experiment in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three (3) replications. The factor A included three (3) groundnut varieties (Nkatie Sari, Sum Nutt 22 and Yenyawoso) and Factor B was the three (3) spacing of 30 cm × 15 cm, 30 cm × 30 cm and 30 cm × 40 cm. All recommended agronomic practices were followed. Data was collected from eight (8) tagged plants. Growth data were recorded on plant height, number of branches, number of leaves, and the number of flowers while yield data were collected on the number of flowers, number of pods per plant, 100 seeds weight and the pod yield (kg/ha). The plant spacing significantly influenced (P < 0.05) the growth and yield parameters. Groundnut grown at a spacing of 30 cm × 15 cm produced the maximum plant height, whereas the maximum number of leaves, number of branches and number of flowers were produced from 30 cm × 40 cm. Yenyawoso variety with a wider plant spacing performed better vegetatively among all the varieties. The Yenyawoso variety produced the highest number of pods, 100 seeds weight and pod yield as compared to the other varieties. Also, Yenyawoso at 30 cm × 40 cm spacing and Nkatie Sari at 30 cm × 15 cm spacing produced the maximum pod yield.展开更多
Lilies are widely recognized as beautiful and ornamental flowers, renowned throughout the world. They are the most popular perennial plants used in landscape design, commonly found in gardens and boulevards, but in re...Lilies are widely recognized as beautiful and ornamental flowers, renowned throughout the world. They are the most popular perennial plants used in landscape design, commonly found in gardens and boulevards, but in recent years, they have also become increasingly popular as houseplants. Lilies have been known in culture for thousands of years and cultivated as food, medicinal and ornamental plants, decorating palaces and temples. Today, these garden flowers occupy one of the leading places in landscaping due to the variety of forms, aroma and rich flower coloring. The color palette of lilies includes almost all colors and shades, with the exception of blue tones. Lilies are distinguished by a long, plentiful flowering, and you can admire them almost all summer, if you choose the right species and varieties [1]. The British Royal Horticultural Society, in conjunction with state commissions, is actively engaged in testing new varieties of lilies in many countries, with the aim of creating new varieties for international registration. One such cultivar is the “Lavon” lily, which is characterized by early flowering and entomophilous traits. As the timing of flower opening during the day is closely related to the summer dynamics of insect pollinator activity, the “Lavon” lily has the potential to be an important addition to the world of horticulture. For the first time in the conditions of closed and open ground in the city of Samarkand, the morphological features of the flowers of the lily variety “Lavon” and the biology of flowering were studied. The phenology of this variety was revealed and its phenospectrum was compiled.展开更多
DUS testing technique used for plant variety protection was reviewed in the paper, and somesuggestions were made on how to establish the appropriate technology system in China. Meanwhile, the poten-tial exploitation o...DUS testing technique used for plant variety protection was reviewed in the paper, and somesuggestions were made on how to establish the appropriate technology system in China. Meanwhile, the poten-tial exploitation of the technique was discussed.展开更多
Climate extremes, characterized by droughts and floods, have become one of the major constraints to sustainable improvement of rice productivity. Variety choice, considered as one of the main adaptation measures, coul...Climate extremes, characterized by droughts and floods, have become one of the major constraints to sustainable improvement of rice productivity. Variety choice, considered as one of the main adaptation measures, could help farmers reduce yield loss resulting from these extremes. Based on a three-year panel survey of 1 080 Chinese rice farms in major rice producing provinces, we assume Hicksian neutral technology and employ an IV regression to estimate the average treatment effect(ATE) on rice yield for adopting stress tolerant variety, and find that farmers who adopted the stress tolerant variety on average increased rice yield by 15.5% in comparison to the non-adopters.展开更多
This study focus on developing new salinity tolerance and high yielding rice lines, using markers assisted backrossing (MABC). Total of 500 SSR markers on 12 rice chromosomes were screened for parental polymorphic mar...This study focus on developing new salinity tolerance and high yielding rice lines, using markers assisted backrossing (MABC). Total of 500 SSR markers on 12 rice chromosomes were screened for parental polymorphic markers. Of which, 52 primers in the Saltol region were checked with the two parents varieties to identify polymorphic primers for screening the Saltol region of the breeding populations. For each backcross generation of ASS996/FL478, approx. 500 plants were screened with 63 polymorphic markers distributed on 12 chromosomes. The two BC1F1 plants P284 and P307 which had the highest recipient alleles up to 89.06% and 86.36%, were chosen for the next backcrossing. Three BC2F1 plants with the recipient alleles up to 94.03% and 93.18% were used to develop BC3F1 generation. The best BC3F1 plant was P284-112-209 with all the recipient alleles and Saltol region. The four plants P307-305-21, P284-112-195, P284-112-198, P284-112-213 were the second ranking with only one loci heterozygous (applied 63 markers covered on 12 chromosomes). These five plants were chosen as the breeding lines for result of Saltol-AS996 introgression. The breeding line BC4F1 having 100% genetic background of donor variety is ready for develop new salinity tolerant variety ASS996-Saltol to cope with climate change.展开更多
Tea polysaccharides(TPSs),one of the major bioactive ingredients in tea,have been widely studied due to their variety of biological activities,including antioxidant,cancer prevention,hypoglycemia,anti-fatigue,anti-coa...Tea polysaccharides(TPSs),one of the major bioactive ingredients in tea,have been widely studied due to their variety of biological activities,including antioxidant,cancer prevention,hypoglycemia,anti-fatigue,anti-coagulant,anti-obesity and immunomodulatory effect.The biological effectiveness of TPSs has direct relation with their structures such as monosaccharide composition,molecular weight,glycosidic linkages,conformation and others,which can be influenced by tea materials,processing methods,extraction and purification procedures among others.Comparing to the study of tea polyphenols,the exploration of TPSs in structural elucidation and biofunctionality is very preliminary.Yet several factors affecting the structural change of TPSs have been studied and identified.Consequently,the variation of some TPS biological activity brought by the change of TPS structures has been evaluated and preliminary correlation of structure activity relationship of TPSs has been performed.Therefore,this review aims to serve as a summary research report regarding the influencing factors on TPSs structures and consequential effects on the biological activities of TPSs.We hope to provide updated information and systematic references for future study and functional food development of TPSs.展开更多
Longli 1 (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) was the first new quinoa variety in China,which was bred by Pasture and Green Agriculture Institute of Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences through the methods of line breeding,cu...Longli 1 (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) was the first new quinoa variety in China,which was bred by Pasture and Green Agriculture Institute of Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences through the methods of line breeding,cultivation and domestication.In multipoint regional test,the average yield of Longli 1 was2 100.00 kg/hm^2,which was increased by 9.6% compared to Jingle quinoa.Longli 1 was a mid-late mature quinoa variety.The plant was broom-shape,with the plant height of 181.2- 223.6 cm,the growth period of 128- 140 d,and the branch number of 23-27. The seeds were round pill shaped,with 1 000-grain weight of 2.40- 3.46g.The contents of crude protein,fat,proline and total phosphorus in seeds were 171.5- 187.8,56.5- 59.3,5.5- 6.9 and 4.5- 6.8g/kg,respectively.Longli 1 presented resistance against downy mildew and leaf spot,with strong disease-resistant ability.In multipoint regional test and production test,Longli 1 displayed lodging resistance with strong regeneration ability.It also presented resistance to cold,drought,saline and alkaline,and barren,with wide adaptability.Longli 1 was suitable for planting in mountains,plain field and irrigation area with frost-free period greater than 120 d,rainfall more than 250 mm,and altitude 1 500- 3 000 m.The application prospects of quinoa were also put forward in the paper.展开更多
According to the basic concepts of precision and the principles of analysis of variance (ANOVA), precision types for experiments and variety comparison in regional crop trials (RCT) were studied and developed; expecte...According to the basic concepts of precision and the principles of analysis of variance (ANOVA), precision types for experiments and variety comparison in regional crop trials (RCT) were studied and developed; expected variety comparison precision (EVCP) and realized variety comparison precision (RVCP) and the corresponding statistical indexes of them were proposed. It was explained that experimental precision (EP) and variety comparison precision (VCP) are two kinds of precision of RCT; EP includes error precision and variety mean precision, which can be measured respectively by the coefficient of variation of single observation's error (CVe) and the coefficient of variation of variety mean's error (CVY); VCP includes EVCP and RVCP, which can be measured respectively by the detectable least relative difference (DLRD) and the relative least significant distance (RLSD); EP is an important factor of VCP but not identical to it; RVCP is the realization of EVCP. Besides error, experimental design and GE interaction and ANOVA model affect VCP. Several application examples for these precision indexes were presented, and the precision of regional cotton trials in the Yellow River Valley and the Changjiang Valley were investigated through the historical data of RCTs from 1980 to 1999.展开更多
Variety identification plays an important role in protecting the intellectual property of varieties,ensuring seed quality,and encouraging breeding innovation.Currently,morphological evaluation in the field,such as dis...Variety identification plays an important role in protecting the intellectual property of varieties,ensuring seed quality,and encouraging breeding innovation.Currently,morphological evaluation in the field,such as distinctness,uniformity,and stability(DUS)testing,and DNA fingerprinting in the laboratory using molecular markers are two dominant methods used for variety identification.Few studies have compared the results of these approaches,and the relationship between the two methods is obscure.In this study,134 dominant cucumber varieties were evaluated using 50 DUS testing traits and genotyped by 40 single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs).The 40 SNPs were developed in our previous study and arewell suited for variety identification.In the DUS testing,significant positive or negative correlations among 50 DUS traits were observed,and 20 core traits,including 15 fruit traits,were further selected to increase field inspection efficiency.This suggested that fruit shape plays an important role in variety identification.The ratio of fruit length/diameter was themost important trait,explaining 9.2%of the phenotypic variation.In the DNA fingerprinting test,the 40 SNPs were highly polymorphic and could distinguish all of the 134 cucumber varieties,and 14 core SNPs were selected to improve the identification rate.Interestingly,the population structure analysis of 134 cucumber varieties by phenotypic data in the DUS test was in accordance with the genotypic data from the DNA fingerprinting,indicating that all varieties could be divided into the same four subgroups:European type,North China type,South China type,and hybrids of the North China and South China types.Moreover,linear correlativity of distinguishment for each pair of varieties was observed between the DUS test and the DNA fingerprinting.These results indicated that these two methods have good application in future research,especially for the scaled-up analysis of hundreds of varieties.展开更多
To meet the demand of maize production in Guangxi and even the southwest region of China and realize the upgrading and undating of maize varieties which will continuously improve the yield and quality of maize,a new b...To meet the demand of maize production in Guangxi and even the southwest region of China and realize the upgrading and undating of maize varieties which will continuously improve the yield and quality of maize,a new big-ear maize variety Guidan 903 with high yield,stable yield and good quality was established by the Maize Research Institute of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences with two self-selected inbred line GRL17349 and GRL21191 as female and male parents seperately.The average yield of this variety were 7429.5 and 7000.5 kg/hm^(2)in Guangxi Maize Regional Trial and Production Test respectively,which increased by 6.3%and 5.6%than the control(Guidan162).It was approved by Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Crop Variety Certification Committee in June 2020(Approval No.Gui sheng yu 2020083).Determined by the Cereal Quality Supervision and Testing Center of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs(Bejjing),the grain bulk density,ratio of crude protein,crude fat,crude starch and lysine of Guidan 903 were 782 g/L,9.41%,6.19%,71.45%,0.35%respectively.This variety has the characterisics of strong resistance to collapse and disease,good quality,high and stable yield and wide adaptability.Furthermore,its seed yield is high with easy production technology and low cost.展开更多
Globally, the current important concern is to minimize nitrogen use in crop culture under climate change condition. The experiment was conducted at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, B...Globally, the current important concern is to minimize nitrogen use in crop culture under climate change condition. The experiment was conducted at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh during the rainy season of 2014 to assess growth, yield and nitrogen use efficiency of a new rice variety. The new rice variety (BUdhan 1) was treated with six levels of nitrogenous fertilizer in a randomized complete block design replicated three times. The nitrogen levels 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 kg N ha<sup>-1</sup> constituted the treatment variables. Results revealed that growth of the new rice variety favored at higher levels of applied nitrogen although it flattened at 80 and 100 kg N <sup>-1</sup>. Preanthesis assimilates reserves contributed to sustaining the yield of the variety which indicated that current photosynthesis was insufficient to support the present yield level. The assimilate remobilization varied from 109.21 to 232.93 g·m<sup>-2</sup> between the nitrogen levels where the maximum amount of remobilization was observed at 60 kg N <sup>-1</sup>. The highest grain yield (5.36 t·<sup>-1</sup>) was found when the variety was fertilized with 60 kg N <sup>-1</sup>. Application of 60 kg N <sup>-1</sup> also showed the highest nitrogen use efficiency (344.50 kg grain/kg N applied) of the variety. We concluded that application of the intermediate level of nitrogen was economical and environment-friendly for the cultivation of new rice variety.展开更多
Objective: To reach the recovery and identification of antioxidant polyphenolic compounds from Nephelium lappaceum L.(Mexican variety) husk using ultrasound-assisted extraction and liquid chromatography/mass spectrome...Objective: To reach the recovery and identification of antioxidant polyphenolic compounds from Nephelium lappaceum L.(Mexican variety) husk using ultrasound-assisted extraction and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry as well as the in vitro antioxidant activity. Methods: Rambutan husk extracts were obtained by ultrasound-assisted extraction, mass/volume ratio, water/ethanol percentage and extraction time were evaluated. Once the best extraction condition of polyphenolic compounds was defined, a polyphenolic fraction was recovered using Ambetlite XAD-16. The total content of antioxidant polyphenolic compounds was determined by summation of the total hydrolysable polyphenol and total condensed polyphenol contents. Recovered compounds were identified by FTIR(ATR) spectroscopy and HPLC/ESI/MS. The antioxidant activity was carried out by ABTS, DPPH and lipid oxidation inhibition in vitro methods. Results: In Mexican variety rambutan husk, the total polyphenolic content was 487.67 mg/g, after ultrasound-assisted extraction. According to the HPLC/ESI/MS analysis 12 antioxidant polyphenolic compounds were identified, mostly ellagitannins such as geraniin, corilagin and ellagic acid. The antioxidant activity determined by ABTS, DPPH and lipid oxidation inhibition methods was demonstrated. The main functional groups of the identified compounds were determined by FTIR analysis. Conclusions: It was demonstrated that ultrasound-assisted extraction was effective and allowed the extraction and recovery of antioxidant polyphenolic compounds. Furthermore Mexican variety rambutan husk is an important source for recovering polyphenolic compounds with antioxidant activity, these compounds have potential application for the treatment/prevention of various diseases related to cancer and pathogenic microorganisms.展开更多
Logicians have worked with so many different logical systems that it is not possible even to esti-mate the number. Of these, many are best seen as extensions of classical logic, including both thoseof interest to math...Logicians have worked with so many different logical systems that it is not possible even to esti-mate the number. Of these, many are best seen as extensions of classical logic, including both thoseof interest to mathematics and those of interest to philosophy and computer science. (Henceforth Iwill use the term "intelligent systems theory" for the common ground of philosophical logic and展开更多
The mung bean variety Ji Heilv No.12 was bred by Institute of Characteristic Crop Research, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Institute of Food and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sc...The mung bean variety Ji Heilv No.12 was bred by Institute of Characteristic Crop Research, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Institute of Food and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences. using Jilv 9and Jilv 7 as female and male parent respectively,with pedigree method. Ji Heilv No.12 is a new variety with features of high and stable yield,broad adaptability and strong resistance in yield trails during 2011-2012; it was approved and released by Chongqing Provincial Committee of Crop Variety Identification in 2012,suitable for cultivating in most area of Chongqing.展开更多
Daidzein is always added into poultry feed to make the production performance and immunity of poultry better. In this study, a total of 600 40-week-old Hy-Line variety brown layers were randomized into five groups and...Daidzein is always added into poultry feed to make the production performance and immunity of poultry better. In this study, a total of 600 40-week-old Hy-Line variety brown layers were randomized into five groups and fed with a corn-soybean-mixed basal diet supplement with 0, 10, 50, 100, and 500 mg · kg-1 daidzein, respectively. Then, two PCR-based typing methods(RAPD-PCR and ERIC-PCR) were combined to analyze the ileum content and explore the changes of ileum microflora biodiversity. The results of RAPD-PCR and ERIC-PCR showed that bands under 10 mg · kg-1 and 50 mg · kg-1 were the most, and their similarity was the largest. Bands under 500 mg · kg-1 were the least and similarity with other groups was the minimum. Ileum microflora biodiversity under 10 mg · kg-1 or 50 mg · kg-1 was richer than that under 500 mg · kg-1. A corn-soybean-mixed basal diet supplement with 10 mg · kg-1 to 50 mg · kg-1 of daidzein might be beneficial to Hy-Line variety brown layers intestinal bacteria.展开更多
Jike 33 is a new disease-resistant high-yield multi-ear wheat variety with strong gluten bred by Anhui New Century Agricultural Co.,Ltd. in 2001 with Yannong 19 as the female parent and the self-selected Jike 19( vari...Jike 33 is a new disease-resistant high-yield multi-ear wheat variety with strong gluten bred by Anhui New Century Agricultural Co.,Ltd. in 2001 with Yannong 19 as the female parent and the self-selected Jike 19( variant of Lumai 14) as the male parent. In 2011-2012,the variety participated in the semi-winter wheat regional test in Huaibei area of Anhui Province,and exhibited a yield of 519. 5 kg/667 m^2,which was 7. 83% higher than that of Wanmai 50 as the CK. In the semi-winter wheat regional test in Huaibei area of Anhui Province in 2012-2013,it showed an average yield of 522. 1 kg/667 m^2,which was 14. 5% higher than that of Wanmai 50 as the CK. and in 2013-2014,the variety participated in the semi-winter wheat production test in Anhui Province,and showed an average yield of 589. 30 kg/667 m2,which was 7. 30% higher than that of Wanmai 52 as the CK. Jike 33 was approved by the Anhui Crop Variety Approval Committee in July,2015.展开更多
基金supported by the Scientific and Technological Innovation 2030 Major Project(2022ZD04019)the Science and Technology Innovation Capacity Building Project of BAAFS(KJCX20230303)+1 种基金Hainan Province Science and Technology Special Fund(ZDYF2023XDNY077)the Beijing Scholars Program(BSP041)。
文摘To reduce the cost and increase the efficiency of plant genetic marker fingerprinting for variety discrimination,it is desirable to identify the optimal marker combinations.We describe a marker combination screening model based on the genetic algorithm(GA)and implemented in a software tool,Loci Scan.Ratio-based variety discrimination power provided the largest optimization space among multiple fitness functions.Among GA parameters,an increase in population size and generation number enlarged optimization depth but also calculation workload.Exhaustive algorithm afforded the same optimization depth as GA but vastly increased calculation time.In comparison with two other software tools,Loci Scan accommodated missing data,reduced calculation time,and offered more fitness functions.In large datasets,the sample size of training data exerted the strongest influence on calculation time,whereas the marker size of training data showed no effect,and target marker number had limited effect on analysis speed.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Non-profit Research Institution of the Chinese Academy of Forestry (Grant No.CAFYBB2020ZY003)the Key S&T Project of Inner Mongolia (Grant No.2021ZD0041-001-002)the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund (Grant No.11024316000202300001)。
文摘Apricot has a long history of cultivation and has many varieties and types. The traditional variety identification methods are timeconsuming and labor-consuming, posing grand challenges to apricot resource management. Tool development in this regard will help researchers quickly identify variety information. This study photographed apricot fruits outdoors and indoors and constructed a dataset that can precisely classify the fruits using a U-net model (F-score:99%), which helps to obtain the fruit's size, shape, and color features. Meanwhile, a variety search engine was constructed, which can search and identify variety from the database according to the above features. Besides, a mobile and web application (ApricotView) was developed, and the construction mode can be also applied to other varieties of fruit trees.Additionally, we have collected four difficult-to-identify seed datasets and used the VGG16 model for training, with an accuracy of 97%, which provided an important basis for ApricotView. To address the difficulties in data collection bottlenecking apricot phenomics research, we developed the first apricot database platform of its kind (ApricotDIAP, http://apricotdiap.com/) to accumulate, manage, and publicize scientific data of apricot.
文摘A field experiment was carried out to determine the effect of variety and plant spacing on yield and growth of groundnuts. The field experiment was laid in a 3 × 3 factorial experiment in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three (3) replications. The factor A included three (3) groundnut varieties (Nkatie Sari, Sum Nutt 22 and Yenyawoso) and Factor B was the three (3) spacing of 30 cm × 15 cm, 30 cm × 30 cm and 30 cm × 40 cm. All recommended agronomic practices were followed. Data was collected from eight (8) tagged plants. Growth data were recorded on plant height, number of branches, number of leaves, and the number of flowers while yield data were collected on the number of flowers, number of pods per plant, 100 seeds weight and the pod yield (kg/ha). The plant spacing significantly influenced (P < 0.05) the growth and yield parameters. Groundnut grown at a spacing of 30 cm × 15 cm produced the maximum plant height, whereas the maximum number of leaves, number of branches and number of flowers were produced from 30 cm × 40 cm. Yenyawoso variety with a wider plant spacing performed better vegetatively among all the varieties. The Yenyawoso variety produced the highest number of pods, 100 seeds weight and pod yield as compared to the other varieties. Also, Yenyawoso at 30 cm × 40 cm spacing and Nkatie Sari at 30 cm × 15 cm spacing produced the maximum pod yield.
文摘Lilies are widely recognized as beautiful and ornamental flowers, renowned throughout the world. They are the most popular perennial plants used in landscape design, commonly found in gardens and boulevards, but in recent years, they have also become increasingly popular as houseplants. Lilies have been known in culture for thousands of years and cultivated as food, medicinal and ornamental plants, decorating palaces and temples. Today, these garden flowers occupy one of the leading places in landscaping due to the variety of forms, aroma and rich flower coloring. The color palette of lilies includes almost all colors and shades, with the exception of blue tones. Lilies are distinguished by a long, plentiful flowering, and you can admire them almost all summer, if you choose the right species and varieties [1]. The British Royal Horticultural Society, in conjunction with state commissions, is actively engaged in testing new varieties of lilies in many countries, with the aim of creating new varieties for international registration. One such cultivar is the “Lavon” lily, which is characterized by early flowering and entomophilous traits. As the timing of flower opening during the day is closely related to the summer dynamics of insect pollinator activity, the “Lavon” lily has the potential to be an important addition to the world of horticulture. For the first time in the conditions of closed and open ground in the city of Samarkand, the morphological features of the flowers of the lily variety “Lavon” and the biology of flowering were studied. The phenology of this variety was revealed and its phenospectrum was compiled.
文摘DUS testing technique used for plant variety protection was reviewed in the paper, and somesuggestions were made on how to establish the appropriate technology system in China. Meanwhile, the poten-tial exploitation of the technique was discussed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,71773109 and 71273234)the Key Project of the Ministry of Education of China(16JJD63007)
文摘Climate extremes, characterized by droughts and floods, have become one of the major constraints to sustainable improvement of rice productivity. Variety choice, considered as one of the main adaptation measures, could help farmers reduce yield loss resulting from these extremes. Based on a three-year panel survey of 1 080 Chinese rice farms in major rice producing provinces, we assume Hicksian neutral technology and employ an IV regression to estimate the average treatment effect(ATE) on rice yield for adopting stress tolerant variety, and find that farmers who adopted the stress tolerant variety on average increased rice yield by 15.5% in comparison to the non-adopters.
文摘This study focus on developing new salinity tolerance and high yielding rice lines, using markers assisted backrossing (MABC). Total of 500 SSR markers on 12 rice chromosomes were screened for parental polymorphic markers. Of which, 52 primers in the Saltol region were checked with the two parents varieties to identify polymorphic primers for screening the Saltol region of the breeding populations. For each backcross generation of ASS996/FL478, approx. 500 plants were screened with 63 polymorphic markers distributed on 12 chromosomes. The two BC1F1 plants P284 and P307 which had the highest recipient alleles up to 89.06% and 86.36%, were chosen for the next backcrossing. Three BC2F1 plants with the recipient alleles up to 94.03% and 93.18% were used to develop BC3F1 generation. The best BC3F1 plant was P284-112-209 with all the recipient alleles and Saltol region. The four plants P307-305-21, P284-112-195, P284-112-198, P284-112-213 were the second ranking with only one loci heterozygous (applied 63 markers covered on 12 chromosomes). These five plants were chosen as the breeding lines for result of Saltol-AS996 introgression. The breeding line BC4F1 having 100% genetic background of donor variety is ready for develop new salinity tolerant variety ASS996-Saltol to cope with climate change.
基金supported by Hubei Science and Technology Plan Key Project(G2019ABA100)Assessment and Comprehensive Utilization of Characteristic Biological Resources in Dabie Mountains(4022019006)Natural Science Fund of Hubei Province(2019CFB395)。
文摘Tea polysaccharides(TPSs),one of the major bioactive ingredients in tea,have been widely studied due to their variety of biological activities,including antioxidant,cancer prevention,hypoglycemia,anti-fatigue,anti-coagulant,anti-obesity and immunomodulatory effect.The biological effectiveness of TPSs has direct relation with their structures such as monosaccharide composition,molecular weight,glycosidic linkages,conformation and others,which can be influenced by tea materials,processing methods,extraction and purification procedures among others.Comparing to the study of tea polyphenols,the exploration of TPSs in structural elucidation and biofunctionality is very preliminary.Yet several factors affecting the structural change of TPSs have been studied and identified.Consequently,the variation of some TPS biological activity brought by the change of TPS structures has been evaluated and preliminary correlation of structure activity relationship of TPSs has been performed.Therefore,this review aims to serve as a summary research report regarding the influencing factors on TPSs structures and consequential effects on the biological activities of TPSs.We hope to provide updated information and systematic references for future study and functional food development of TPSs.
基金Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project of Gansu Province"Key Technology for Introduction,Innovation and Cultivation of Quinoa"(GNCX-2013-48)Youth Fund Project of Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences"Effect of Agronomic Measures on Growth Characteristics and Production Performance of Quinoa"(2014GAAS34)
文摘Longli 1 (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) was the first new quinoa variety in China,which was bred by Pasture and Green Agriculture Institute of Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences through the methods of line breeding,cultivation and domestication.In multipoint regional test,the average yield of Longli 1 was2 100.00 kg/hm^2,which was increased by 9.6% compared to Jingle quinoa.Longli 1 was a mid-late mature quinoa variety.The plant was broom-shape,with the plant height of 181.2- 223.6 cm,the growth period of 128- 140 d,and the branch number of 23-27. The seeds were round pill shaped,with 1 000-grain weight of 2.40- 3.46g.The contents of crude protein,fat,proline and total phosphorus in seeds were 171.5- 187.8,56.5- 59.3,5.5- 6.9 and 4.5- 6.8g/kg,respectively.Longli 1 presented resistance against downy mildew and leaf spot,with strong disease-resistant ability.In multipoint regional test and production test,Longli 1 displayed lodging resistance with strong regeneration ability.It also presented resistance to cold,drought,saline and alkaline,and barren,with wide adaptability.Longli 1 was suitable for planting in mountains,plain field and irrigation area with frost-free period greater than 120 d,rainfall more than 250 mm,and altitude 1 500- 3 000 m.The application prospects of quinoa were also put forward in the paper.
文摘According to the basic concepts of precision and the principles of analysis of variance (ANOVA), precision types for experiments and variety comparison in regional crop trials (RCT) were studied and developed; expected variety comparison precision (EVCP) and realized variety comparison precision (RVCP) and the corresponding statistical indexes of them were proposed. It was explained that experimental precision (EP) and variety comparison precision (VCP) are two kinds of precision of RCT; EP includes error precision and variety mean precision, which can be measured respectively by the coefficient of variation of single observation's error (CVe) and the coefficient of variation of variety mean's error (CVY); VCP includes EVCP and RVCP, which can be measured respectively by the detectable least relative difference (DLRD) and the relative least significant distance (RLSD); EP is an important factor of VCP but not identical to it; RVCP is the realization of EVCP. Besides error, experimental design and GE interaction and ANOVA model affect VCP. Several application examples for these precision indexes were presented, and the precision of regional cotton trials in the Yellow River Valley and the Changjiang Valley were investigated through the historical data of RCTs from 1980 to 1999.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31972432)Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,China(Grant Nos.QNJJ20190901,KJCX20200113,JKZX202207),Young Top Talents of the National High-level Talents Special Support Program.
文摘Variety identification plays an important role in protecting the intellectual property of varieties,ensuring seed quality,and encouraging breeding innovation.Currently,morphological evaluation in the field,such as distinctness,uniformity,and stability(DUS)testing,and DNA fingerprinting in the laboratory using molecular markers are two dominant methods used for variety identification.Few studies have compared the results of these approaches,and the relationship between the two methods is obscure.In this study,134 dominant cucumber varieties were evaluated using 50 DUS testing traits and genotyped by 40 single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs).The 40 SNPs were developed in our previous study and arewell suited for variety identification.In the DUS testing,significant positive or negative correlations among 50 DUS traits were observed,and 20 core traits,including 15 fruit traits,were further selected to increase field inspection efficiency.This suggested that fruit shape plays an important role in variety identification.The ratio of fruit length/diameter was themost important trait,explaining 9.2%of the phenotypic variation.In the DNA fingerprinting test,the 40 SNPs were highly polymorphic and could distinguish all of the 134 cucumber varieties,and 14 core SNPs were selected to improve the identification rate.Interestingly,the population structure analysis of 134 cucumber varieties by phenotypic data in the DUS test was in accordance with the genotypic data from the DNA fingerprinting,indicating that all varieties could be divided into the same four subgroups:European type,North China type,South China type,and hybrids of the North China and South China types.Moreover,linear correlativity of distinguishment for each pair of varieties was observed between the DUS test and the DNA fingerprinting.These results indicated that these two methods have good application in future research,especially for the scaled-up analysis of hundreds of varieties.
基金Special Fund for Basal Scientific Research of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences(GNK 2021YT017,GNK 2017YM08)Science and Technology Development Fund of Maize Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences(GYK 2017010)Natural Science Foundation Project of Guangxi(2018JJB130196).
文摘To meet the demand of maize production in Guangxi and even the southwest region of China and realize the upgrading and undating of maize varieties which will continuously improve the yield and quality of maize,a new big-ear maize variety Guidan 903 with high yield,stable yield and good quality was established by the Maize Research Institute of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences with two self-selected inbred line GRL17349 and GRL21191 as female and male parents seperately.The average yield of this variety were 7429.5 and 7000.5 kg/hm^(2)in Guangxi Maize Regional Trial and Production Test respectively,which increased by 6.3%and 5.6%than the control(Guidan162).It was approved by Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Crop Variety Certification Committee in June 2020(Approval No.Gui sheng yu 2020083).Determined by the Cereal Quality Supervision and Testing Center of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs(Bejjing),the grain bulk density,ratio of crude protein,crude fat,crude starch and lysine of Guidan 903 were 782 g/L,9.41%,6.19%,71.45%,0.35%respectively.This variety has the characterisics of strong resistance to collapse and disease,good quality,high and stable yield and wide adaptability.Furthermore,its seed yield is high with easy production technology and low cost.
文摘Globally, the current important concern is to minimize nitrogen use in crop culture under climate change condition. The experiment was conducted at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh during the rainy season of 2014 to assess growth, yield and nitrogen use efficiency of a new rice variety. The new rice variety (BUdhan 1) was treated with six levels of nitrogenous fertilizer in a randomized complete block design replicated three times. The nitrogen levels 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 kg N ha<sup>-1</sup> constituted the treatment variables. Results revealed that growth of the new rice variety favored at higher levels of applied nitrogen although it flattened at 80 and 100 kg N <sup>-1</sup>. Preanthesis assimilates reserves contributed to sustaining the yield of the variety which indicated that current photosynthesis was insufficient to support the present yield level. The assimilate remobilization varied from 109.21 to 232.93 g·m<sup>-2</sup> between the nitrogen levels where the maximum amount of remobilization was observed at 60 kg N <sup>-1</sup>. The highest grain yield (5.36 t·<sup>-1</sup>) was found when the variety was fertilized with 60 kg N <sup>-1</sup>. Application of 60 kg N <sup>-1</sup> also showed the highest nitrogen use efficiency (344.50 kg grain/kg N applied) of the variety. We concluded that application of the intermediate level of nitrogen was economical and environment-friendly for the cultivation of new rice variety.
文摘Objective: To reach the recovery and identification of antioxidant polyphenolic compounds from Nephelium lappaceum L.(Mexican variety) husk using ultrasound-assisted extraction and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry as well as the in vitro antioxidant activity. Methods: Rambutan husk extracts were obtained by ultrasound-assisted extraction, mass/volume ratio, water/ethanol percentage and extraction time were evaluated. Once the best extraction condition of polyphenolic compounds was defined, a polyphenolic fraction was recovered using Ambetlite XAD-16. The total content of antioxidant polyphenolic compounds was determined by summation of the total hydrolysable polyphenol and total condensed polyphenol contents. Recovered compounds were identified by FTIR(ATR) spectroscopy and HPLC/ESI/MS. The antioxidant activity was carried out by ABTS, DPPH and lipid oxidation inhibition in vitro methods. Results: In Mexican variety rambutan husk, the total polyphenolic content was 487.67 mg/g, after ultrasound-assisted extraction. According to the HPLC/ESI/MS analysis 12 antioxidant polyphenolic compounds were identified, mostly ellagitannins such as geraniin, corilagin and ellagic acid. The antioxidant activity determined by ABTS, DPPH and lipid oxidation inhibition methods was demonstrated. The main functional groups of the identified compounds were determined by FTIR analysis. Conclusions: It was demonstrated that ultrasound-assisted extraction was effective and allowed the extraction and recovery of antioxidant polyphenolic compounds. Furthermore Mexican variety rambutan husk is an important source for recovering polyphenolic compounds with antioxidant activity, these compounds have potential application for the treatment/prevention of various diseases related to cancer and pathogenic microorganisms.
文摘Logicians have worked with so many different logical systems that it is not possible even to esti-mate the number. Of these, many are best seen as extensions of classical logic, including both thoseof interest to mathematics and those of interest to philosophy and computer science. (Henceforth Iwill use the term "intelligent systems theory" for the common ground of philosophical logic and
基金Supported by Chongqing Science&Technology Commission(cstc2016shmszx80116csct2012jj A80042+5 种基金cstc2013yykfc800022015cstc-jbky-005072015cstc-jbky-00508)National Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System(CARS-09)Chongqing Finance Program(NKY-2016AB009NKY-2016AA002)
文摘The mung bean variety Ji Heilv No.12 was bred by Institute of Characteristic Crop Research, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Institute of Food and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences. using Jilv 9and Jilv 7 as female and male parent respectively,with pedigree method. Ji Heilv No.12 is a new variety with features of high and stable yield,broad adaptability and strong resistance in yield trails during 2011-2012; it was approved and released by Chongqing Provincial Committee of Crop Variety Identification in 2012,suitable for cultivating in most area of Chongqing.
基金Supported by the Science&Technology Department of Sichuan Province(2013FZ0014)the Construction Project of Postgraduate Academic Degree in Southwest University for Nationalities(2014XWD-S071007)the National Training Plan of Excellent Agricultural and Forestal Talents(2014)
文摘Daidzein is always added into poultry feed to make the production performance and immunity of poultry better. In this study, a total of 600 40-week-old Hy-Line variety brown layers were randomized into five groups and fed with a corn-soybean-mixed basal diet supplement with 0, 10, 50, 100, and 500 mg · kg-1 daidzein, respectively. Then, two PCR-based typing methods(RAPD-PCR and ERIC-PCR) were combined to analyze the ileum content and explore the changes of ileum microflora biodiversity. The results of RAPD-PCR and ERIC-PCR showed that bands under 10 mg · kg-1 and 50 mg · kg-1 were the most, and their similarity was the largest. Bands under 500 mg · kg-1 were the least and similarity with other groups was the minimum. Ileum microflora biodiversity under 10 mg · kg-1 or 50 mg · kg-1 was richer than that under 500 mg · kg-1. A corn-soybean-mixed basal diet supplement with 10 mg · kg-1 to 50 mg · kg-1 of daidzein might be beneficial to Hy-Line variety brown layers intestinal bacteria.
基金Supported by Fuyang Municipal Government--Fuyang Normal University Horizontal Cooperation Project(XDHX2016014)2018 Anhui Provincial Key Research and Development Plan(1804h07020146)2017 Postgraduate Innovation Research Project of Fuyang Normal University(2017CXJH01)
文摘Jike 33 is a new disease-resistant high-yield multi-ear wheat variety with strong gluten bred by Anhui New Century Agricultural Co.,Ltd. in 2001 with Yannong 19 as the female parent and the self-selected Jike 19( variant of Lumai 14) as the male parent. In 2011-2012,the variety participated in the semi-winter wheat regional test in Huaibei area of Anhui Province,and exhibited a yield of 519. 5 kg/667 m^2,which was 7. 83% higher than that of Wanmai 50 as the CK. In the semi-winter wheat regional test in Huaibei area of Anhui Province in 2012-2013,it showed an average yield of 522. 1 kg/667 m^2,which was 14. 5% higher than that of Wanmai 50 as the CK. and in 2013-2014,the variety participated in the semi-winter wheat production test in Anhui Province,and showed an average yield of 589. 30 kg/667 m2,which was 7. 30% higher than that of Wanmai 52 as the CK. Jike 33 was approved by the Anhui Crop Variety Approval Committee in July,2015.
