Bird song is used for mate attraction and is important for establishing reproductive isolation. Current research highlights performance constraints on song production that may be influenced by variation in bill morpho...Bird song is used for mate attraction and is important for establishing reproductive isolation. Current research highlights performance constraints on song production that may be influenced by variation in bill morphology. Darwin's finches are a model system for studying the relationship between morphology and song performance, with previous studies suggesting that lower vocal performance is correlated with larger bill size. Here, we tested for a relationship between bill morphology and vocal performance in Darwin's Small Tree Finch (Camarhynchus parvulus) on Floreana Island. We found no evidence of a correlation between bill morphology and vocal performance. This finding is in agreement with prior study of the Small Tree Finch, but contrasts a greater body of work addressing song in Darwin's Finches. We discussed our findings in the context of ecological divergence, and ecological variation across species.展开更多
Signals containing parameter trade-offs are likely to be honest indicators of signaler quality because they are difficult to produce.Signals with a trill-rate/bandwidth trade-off have been described for many songbird s...Signals containing parameter trade-offs are likely to be honest indicators of signaler quality because they are difficult to produce.Signals with a trill-rate/bandwidth trade-off have been described for many songbird species,one mouse,and one non-human primate species.However,there were no reports about whether there is a vocal performance trade-off in social calls of bats.This study investigated(1)a possible vocal performance trade-off in territorial calls of male Great Himalayan leaf-nosed bats,Hipposideros armiger,recorded from 9 locations in south China,and(2)the relationships between vocal performance(vocal deviation and consistency)and caller’s quality(body mass)to determine whether vocal performance honestly indicates a caller’s quality.Vocal deviation measures the deviation of a call relative to an extreme call and vocal consistency measures the spectral consistency across a string of syllables.Our results showed a significant negative correlation between syllable repetition rate and frequency bandwidth,suggesting a vocal performance trade-off similar to the one in songbirds.Further,there was a significant negative relationship between body mass and vocal deviation,but no significant correlation between body mass and vocal consistency.This study provides thefirst empirical evidence for a vocal performance trade-off of social calls in bats,and the potential for the level of performance to indicate caller quality.展开更多
Excavation to creativity is one of important means in the teaching process. Comprehensive musicianship course is an experimental teaching method, but also a teaching art form in the music education system. Many achiev...Excavation to creativity is one of important means in the teaching process. Comprehensive musicianship course is an experimental teaching method, but also a teaching art form in the music education system. Many achievements have been made to comprehensive musicianship course since the experimental teaching was established in China. The influence scope of comprehensive musicianship course is constantly expanded in the field of social music teaching, and simultaneously its influencing power is also rising. However, it should be implemented in the process of teaching according to the actual circumstances of the primary and secondary school students in China. In the teaching of comprehensive musicianship course, vocal music performance is applied as the main carrier in form and proceeds very rhythmically in the process of the whole time, and also thoughts and emotions are fully reflected by body languages. It starts from the comprehensive learning, and then is gradually promoted between non-major courses in institutions of higher learning and the music teaching in primary/secondary schools, so that a good teaching effect has been obtained. In comprehensive musicianship course, high importance is attached to the improvement of students' creativity and innovation ability. In this paper, the enlightenment from comprehensive musicianship course on China' s vocal music performance teaching is mainly analyzed.展开更多
基金funded by Flinders University (Research Establishment Grant to SK, Overseas Field Trip Grant to RC), Conservation International and the American Bird Conservancy with awards to SK,and the Australian Federation of University Women SA with a Barbara Crase Bursary to RC
文摘Bird song is used for mate attraction and is important for establishing reproductive isolation. Current research highlights performance constraints on song production that may be influenced by variation in bill morphology. Darwin's finches are a model system for studying the relationship between morphology and song performance, with previous studies suggesting that lower vocal performance is correlated with larger bill size. Here, we tested for a relationship between bill morphology and vocal performance in Darwin's Small Tree Finch (Camarhynchus parvulus) on Floreana Island. We found no evidence of a correlation between bill morphology and vocal performance. This finding is in agreement with prior study of the Small Tree Finch, but contrasts a greater body of work addressing song in Darwin's Finches. We discussed our findings in the context of ecological divergence, and ecological variation across species.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant nos.31872680,31922050,31670390)the Fund of the Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Project(Grant no.20180101024JC)。
文摘Signals containing parameter trade-offs are likely to be honest indicators of signaler quality because they are difficult to produce.Signals with a trill-rate/bandwidth trade-off have been described for many songbird species,one mouse,and one non-human primate species.However,there were no reports about whether there is a vocal performance trade-off in social calls of bats.This study investigated(1)a possible vocal performance trade-off in territorial calls of male Great Himalayan leaf-nosed bats,Hipposideros armiger,recorded from 9 locations in south China,and(2)the relationships between vocal performance(vocal deviation and consistency)and caller’s quality(body mass)to determine whether vocal performance honestly indicates a caller’s quality.Vocal deviation measures the deviation of a call relative to an extreme call and vocal consistency measures the spectral consistency across a string of syllables.Our results showed a significant negative correlation between syllable repetition rate and frequency bandwidth,suggesting a vocal performance trade-off similar to the one in songbirds.Further,there was a significant negative relationship between body mass and vocal deviation,but no significant correlation between body mass and vocal consistency.This study provides thefirst empirical evidence for a vocal performance trade-off of social calls in bats,and the potential for the level of performance to indicate caller quality.
文摘Excavation to creativity is one of important means in the teaching process. Comprehensive musicianship course is an experimental teaching method, but also a teaching art form in the music education system. Many achievements have been made to comprehensive musicianship course since the experimental teaching was established in China. The influence scope of comprehensive musicianship course is constantly expanded in the field of social music teaching, and simultaneously its influencing power is also rising. However, it should be implemented in the process of teaching according to the actual circumstances of the primary and secondary school students in China. In the teaching of comprehensive musicianship course, vocal music performance is applied as the main carrier in form and proceeds very rhythmically in the process of the whole time, and also thoughts and emotions are fully reflected by body languages. It starts from the comprehensive learning, and then is gradually promoted between non-major courses in institutions of higher learning and the music teaching in primary/secondary schools, so that a good teaching effect has been obtained. In comprehensive musicianship course, high importance is attached to the improvement of students' creativity and innovation ability. In this paper, the enlightenment from comprehensive musicianship course on China' s vocal music performance teaching is mainly analyzed.