Observational results of underground water regime (water level and flow) in some strong earthquakes and moderate earthquakes (in this paper we also call them by 'strong earthquakes')in Chinese mainland are stu...Observational results of underground water regime (water level and flow) in some strong earthquakes and moderate earthquakes (in this paper we also call them by 'strong earthquakes')in Chinese mainland are studied and the following conclusions are obtained. For one strong earthquake, the spatial distributions of the anomalies which include medium term anomalies of one year scale, short term anomalies and imminent anomalies, and underground water stations without the anomalies were mainly related to the causative mechanism and active master faults (active abyssal faults or strongly active faults) around the focal region; The spatial distribution of the anomalies coincided with the specific relation among the anomalies, the focal site, the causative mechanism and active master faults. Finally, the mechanism of the relation was briefly discussed, and the importance about the research result in this paper was set forth.展开更多
Industrialization and urbanization are the most dominant causal factors for long-term changes in surface air temperatures. To examine this fact, the long term changes in the surface-air temperatures have been evaluate...Industrialization and urbanization are the most dominant causal factors for long-term changes in surface air temperatures. To examine this fact, the long term changes in the surface-air temperatures have been evaluated by the linear trend for the different periods, i.e. 1901-2013, 1901-1970 and recent period 1971-2013 as rapid industrialization was observed during the recent four decades. In the present study, seasonal and annual mean, maximum and minimum temperature data of 36 stations for the period 1901-2013 have been used. These stations are classified into 4 groups, namely major, medium, small cities and hill stations. During the period 1901-1970, less than 50% stations from each group showed a significant increasing trend in annual mean temperature, whereas in the recent period 1971-2013, more than 80% stations from all the groups except small city group showed a significant increasing trend. The minimum temperature increased faster than that of the maximum temperature over major and medium cities, while maximum temperature increased faster than the minimum temperature over the small cities and hill stations. The annual mean temperature of all the coastal stations showed a significant increasing trend and positive correlation with Precipitable Water Vapour (PWV). The effect of PWV is more pronounced on minimum temperature than that of the maximum.展开更多
In this paper,statistics are taken on the co-seismic response of underground fluid in Yunnan to the Nepal M_S8. 1 earthquake,and the co-seismic response characteristics of the water level and water temperature are ana...In this paper,statistics are taken on the co-seismic response of underground fluid in Yunnan to the Nepal M_S8. 1 earthquake,and the co-seismic response characteristics of the water level and water temperature are analyzed and summarized with the digital data. The results show that the Nepal M_S8. 1 earthquake had greater impact on the Yunnan region,and the macro and micro dynamics of fluids showed significant co-seismic response. The earthquake recording capacity of water level and temperature measurement is significantly higher than that of water radon and water quality to this large earthquake; the maximum amplitude and duration of co-seismic response of water level and water temperature vary greatly in different wells. The changing forms are dominated by fluctuation and step rise in water level,and a rising or falling restoration in water temperature. From the records of the main shock and the maximum strong aftershock,we can see that the greater magnitude of earthquake,the higher ratio of the occurrence of co-seismic response,and in the same well,the larger the response amplitude,as well as the longer the duration. The amplitude and duration of co-seismic response recorded by different instruments in a same well are different. Water temperature co-seismic response almost occurred in wells with water level response,indicating that the well water level and water temperature are closely related in co-seismic response,and the well water temperature seismic response was caused mainly by well water level seismic response.展开更多
The seasonal phase-locking feature of the Indian Ocean Dipole(IOD)is well documented.However,the seasonality ten-dency of sea surface temperature anomalies(SSTAs)during the development of the IOD has not been widely i...The seasonal phase-locking feature of the Indian Ocean Dipole(IOD)is well documented.However,the seasonality ten-dency of sea surface temperature anomalies(SSTAs)during the development of the IOD has not been widely investigated.The SSTA tendencies over the two centers of the IOD peak in September-October-November are of different monthly amplitudes.The SSTA tendency over the west pole is small before June-July-August but dramatically increases in July-August-September.Meanwhile,the SSTA tendency over the east pole gradually increases before June-July-August and decreases since then.The growth rate attribution of the SSTAs is achieved by examining the roles of radiative and non-radiative air-sea coupled thermodynamic processes through the climate feedback-response analysis method(CFRAM).The CFRAM results indicate that oceanic dynamic processes largely contribute to the total SSTA tendency for initiating and fueling the IOD SSTAs,similar to previous studies.However,these results cannot ex-plain the monthly amplitudes of SSTA tendency.Four negative feedback processes(cloud radiative feedback,atmospheric dynamic processes,surface sensible,and latent heat flux)together play a damping role opposite to the SSTA tendency.Nevertheless,the sea surface temperature-water vapor feedback shows positive feedback.Specifically,variations in SSTAs can change water vapor con-centrations through evaporation,resulting in anomalous longwave radiation that amplifies the initial SSTAs through positive feedback.The effect of water vapor feedback is well in-phase with the monthly amplitudes of SSTA tendency,suggesting that the water vapor feedback might modulate the seasonally dependent SSTA tendency during the development of the IOD.展开更多
文摘Observational results of underground water regime (water level and flow) in some strong earthquakes and moderate earthquakes (in this paper we also call them by 'strong earthquakes')in Chinese mainland are studied and the following conclusions are obtained. For one strong earthquake, the spatial distributions of the anomalies which include medium term anomalies of one year scale, short term anomalies and imminent anomalies, and underground water stations without the anomalies were mainly related to the causative mechanism and active master faults (active abyssal faults or strongly active faults) around the focal region; The spatial distribution of the anomalies coincided with the specific relation among the anomalies, the focal site, the causative mechanism and active master faults. Finally, the mechanism of the relation was briefly discussed, and the importance about the research result in this paper was set forth.
文摘Industrialization and urbanization are the most dominant causal factors for long-term changes in surface air temperatures. To examine this fact, the long term changes in the surface-air temperatures have been evaluated by the linear trend for the different periods, i.e. 1901-2013, 1901-1970 and recent period 1971-2013 as rapid industrialization was observed during the recent four decades. In the present study, seasonal and annual mean, maximum and minimum temperature data of 36 stations for the period 1901-2013 have been used. These stations are classified into 4 groups, namely major, medium, small cities and hill stations. During the period 1901-1970, less than 50% stations from each group showed a significant increasing trend in annual mean temperature, whereas in the recent period 1971-2013, more than 80% stations from all the groups except small city group showed a significant increasing trend. The minimum temperature increased faster than that of the maximum temperature over major and medium cities, while maximum temperature increased faster than the minimum temperature over the small cities and hill stations. The annual mean temperature of all the coastal stations showed a significant increasing trend and positive correlation with Precipitable Water Vapour (PWV). The effect of PWV is more pronounced on minimum temperature than that of the maximum.
基金sponsored by the special fund of“A Study on Short-term Seismic Tracking of Strong Earthquakes in the Yunnan Area”of the“Ten Key Projects”in Yunnan Provincethe 2016 Earthquake Trend Tracking Task of China Earthquake Administration(2016010305)the 2015 Earthquake Trend Tracking Task of Earthquake Administration of Yunnan Province
文摘In this paper,statistics are taken on the co-seismic response of underground fluid in Yunnan to the Nepal M_S8. 1 earthquake,and the co-seismic response characteristics of the water level and water temperature are analyzed and summarized with the digital data. The results show that the Nepal M_S8. 1 earthquake had greater impact on the Yunnan region,and the macro and micro dynamics of fluids showed significant co-seismic response. The earthquake recording capacity of water level and temperature measurement is significantly higher than that of water radon and water quality to this large earthquake; the maximum amplitude and duration of co-seismic response of water level and water temperature vary greatly in different wells. The changing forms are dominated by fluctuation and step rise in water level,and a rising or falling restoration in water temperature. From the records of the main shock and the maximum strong aftershock,we can see that the greater magnitude of earthquake,the higher ratio of the occurrence of co-seismic response,and in the same well,the larger the response amplitude,as well as the longer the duration. The amplitude and duration of co-seismic response recorded by different instruments in a same well are different. Water temperature co-seismic response almost occurred in wells with water level response,indicating that the well water level and water temperature are closely related in co-seismic response,and the well water temperature seismic response was caused mainly by well water level seismic response.
基金supported by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research(STEP)Program(No.2019QZKK0102)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42176026)supported by the National Postdoctoral Program of Innovative Talents(No.BX2021324).
文摘The seasonal phase-locking feature of the Indian Ocean Dipole(IOD)is well documented.However,the seasonality ten-dency of sea surface temperature anomalies(SSTAs)during the development of the IOD has not been widely investigated.The SSTA tendencies over the two centers of the IOD peak in September-October-November are of different monthly amplitudes.The SSTA tendency over the west pole is small before June-July-August but dramatically increases in July-August-September.Meanwhile,the SSTA tendency over the east pole gradually increases before June-July-August and decreases since then.The growth rate attribution of the SSTAs is achieved by examining the roles of radiative and non-radiative air-sea coupled thermodynamic processes through the climate feedback-response analysis method(CFRAM).The CFRAM results indicate that oceanic dynamic processes largely contribute to the total SSTA tendency for initiating and fueling the IOD SSTAs,similar to previous studies.However,these results cannot ex-plain the monthly amplitudes of SSTA tendency.Four negative feedback processes(cloud radiative feedback,atmospheric dynamic processes,surface sensible,and latent heat flux)together play a damping role opposite to the SSTA tendency.Nevertheless,the sea surface temperature-water vapor feedback shows positive feedback.Specifically,variations in SSTAs can change water vapor con-centrations through evaporation,resulting in anomalous longwave radiation that amplifies the initial SSTAs through positive feedback.The effect of water vapor feedback is well in-phase with the monthly amplitudes of SSTA tendency,suggesting that the water vapor feedback might modulate the seasonally dependent SSTA tendency during the development of the IOD.
