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Estimation of water volume transports through the main straits of the East China Sea 被引量:1
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作者 Zhao Baoren and Fang Guohong Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica, Qingdao, 266071, China 《Acta Oceanologica Sinica》 SCIE CAS CSCD 1991年第1期1-13,共13页
The structure of current speed and the variability of volume transports of the Kuroshio in the Tokara-kaikyo and Osumi-kaikyo are discussed on the basis of data of KER in the period from 1977 to 1984. The average geos... The structure of current speed and the variability of volume transports of the Kuroshio in the Tokara-kaikyo and Osumi-kaikyo are discussed on the basis of data of KER in the period from 1977 to 1984. The average geostrophic transport through these two straits is estimated to be 24. 5×106 m3/s and only 1/12 of the transport is through the Osumi-kaiky5. Countercurrents on both sides of the Kuroshio trunk are observed in the Tokara-kaikyo. Calculation indicates that the average geostrophic current speed is less than the GEK current speed, systematically. On the basis of the current measurements, the northward transports through the Taiwan Strait in winter and summer are estimated to be 1. 05×106and 3. 16×106m3/s, respectively. From Chu's data (1976) the average transport of the Kuroshio flowing into the East China Sea passing through the passage east of Taiwan is about 29. 3×106m3/s. From Miita and Ogawa's data (1984) the average transport through the Tsushima-kaikyo is 3. 6×106m3/s. Thus the volume transports through the above four straits are roughly in balance, the total outflowing transport is slightly larger than the total inflowing transport. The possible reasons resulting in the difference of transports are also discussed. 展开更多
关键词 Estimation of water volume transports through the main straits of the East China Sea GEK
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Variation of Soil and Water Volumes in Riparian Jungle Soils of Brazil
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作者 Valdemir Antonio Rodrigues Maria Helena Moraes +3 位作者 Antonio Ruiz Canales Marcos Antonio Rezende Vladimir Eliodoro Costa Edson Marcelo Bruder 《Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A)》 2013年第11期850-856,共7页
The objective of this work is to study the relation between humidity, density, porosity and shrinkage of the floodplain soil and riparian vegetation and their ability to store water. For this purpose, two locations fo... The objective of this work is to study the relation between humidity, density, porosity and shrinkage of the floodplain soil and riparian vegetation and their ability to store water. For this purpose, two locations for every type of soils were evaluated. Both were placed at the Agronomy University (Faculdade de Cidncias Agron6micas) in SAo Manuel, State of SAo Paulo, Brazil. The floodplain soil was vegetated with Southern Cattail (Typha domingensis). In both places, soil samples were collected from several depths: 0, 30, 60 and 100 cm. Results show that lower soil density values (0.15 g/cm3) with organic texture and high porosities values (up to 86.2%) were found in samples with the highest organic material content in the floodplain soil. For this field experiment, flood plains soils (characterised as basin gley soils) presented high volumetric instability with a retratibility of 67.49% and higher water storage capacities compared to riparian stands soils (characterised as fluvic neosoils). 展开更多
关键词 SOIL water density POROSITY riparian jungle.
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Integrating Radar Altimeters and Optical Imagery Data for Estimating Water Volume Variations in Lakes and Reservoirs (Case Study: Lake Nasser)
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作者 Hala M. Ebaid Medhat Aziz 《Journal of Geographic Information System》 2017年第6期648-662,共15页
Monitoring of variations in water for lakes and reservoirs is a requirement for meeting human needs and assessing ongoing climatic changes. However, regular gauging networks fail to provide the information needed for ... Monitoring of variations in water for lakes and reservoirs is a requirement for meeting human needs and assessing ongoing climatic changes. However, regular gauging networks fail to provide the information needed for water volume data. The aim of this study is to evaluate an approach to estimate water volume variation for the southern part of Lake Nasser in Egypt without in-situ gauge measurements and bathymetry maps. Combination of both Hydroweb satellite altimetry and Landsat 8 satellite imagery data was used. As compared to in-situ water levels, satellite altimetry provided accurate water levels variations for Lake Nasser;the RMSE was 0.28 m, with excellent agreement (R2 is 0.98). The lowest water level of altimetry database i.e. 174.57 m was used as a reference level for estimating water volumes variations for the study duration 8/2014-6/2015. All water altimetry levels were converted to differences of recorded water level above the lowest altimetry Level (&Delta;WL). Series of Landsat 8 imagery data were selected to extract surface areas corresponding to radar altimetry water levels dates. Areas-&Delta;WL relationship model was established as a polynomial function: A = f(&Delta;WL), and therefore, the relationship of the water volume above the lowest water level for the study time (&Delta;V) and &Delta;WL was obtained through the analytical integration of (Area-&Delta;WL) model. Another approach (Heron method) was also applied for estimating water volume variations. Validation of these two approaches showed that estimated water volume variations above reference water level using both methods i.e. integration and Heron agreed well with in-situ measurements of volume variation deduced from recent bathymetry map and in-situ water levels (R2 for both methods = 0.98). The RMSE for integration method is 323.89 MCM and for Heron method was 318.09 MCM, being approximately 13.2% of the mean volume variations above the lowest reference water level for mean surface area ≈658 km2. Another byproduct for these approaches was the modeling for a remote detecting water level. Once the F(L) relationship is set up for a given region, future Landsat images can be utilized to track water levels freely of radar altimetry. Finally it can be concluded that remote sensing resources (satellites radar altimeters and optical satellite images) that are openly accessible these days represent a great opportunity to remotely monitor reservoir water capacity and help in examining and observing hydrological and water driven procedures. 展开更多
关键词 Radar ALTIMETRY water volume Change Landsat 8 LAKE Nasser EGYPT
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Influence of Inter-Particle Distance, Entrapped Water Volume and Salinity of Water on the Escape Velocity of Particles on a Riverbank
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作者 Sanchayan Mukherjee Asis MazumdarP 《Engineering(科研)》 2011年第7期763-770,共8页
The mechanism of erosion of a riverbank is not easy to analyze and each sediment particle is under influence of number of forces. Among all these forces, force of cohesion between the particles plays a very dominant a... The mechanism of erosion of a riverbank is not easy to analyze and each sediment particle is under influence of number of forces. Among all these forces, force of cohesion between the particles plays a very dominant and significant role, and, till date, not much progress has been made to analyze this force in a deterministic manner. A particle is bound to its neighboring particles under this force of cohesion. In this paper, the analysis of forces acting on a particle on a riverbank has been made with a model called the Truncated Pyramid Model. A particle requires a certain velocity to escape from the riverbank and determination of the escape velocity can pave the way for finding out other parameters like entrainment rate, erosion coefficient and so on. Calculation and estimation of riverbank erosion rate is an important aspect of river basin management. In this paper it has been shown that the escape velocity is dependent on certain micro-level parameters like inter-particle distance and volume of the water bridge between two adjacent particles. Also, for saline water the particle requires less velocity to escape compared to the pure-water scenario. The findings of the present paper exactly fall in line with the results of another paper where the researchers showed that cohesive force between the particles decreases as water turns from pure to impure. 展开更多
关键词 COHESIVE Force ESCAPE Velocity water Bridge Inter-Particle DISTANCE Surface Tension Truncated PYRAMID Model
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A Wave Superposition-Finite Element Method for Calculating the Radiated Noise Generated by Volumetric Targets in Shallow Water
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作者 TANG Yu-hang ZHAO Zhe +3 位作者 LI Hai-chao PANG Fu-zhen TANG Yang DU Yuan 《China Ocean Engineering》 SCIE EI CSCD 2024年第5期845-854,共10页
A combined method of wave superposition and finite element is proposed to solve the radiation noise of targets in shallow sea.Taking the sound propagation of spherical sound source in shallow sea as an example,the rad... A combined method of wave superposition and finite element is proposed to solve the radiation noise of targets in shallow sea.Taking the sound propagation of spherical sound source in shallow sea as an example,the radiation sound field of the spherical sound source is equivalent to the linear superposition of the radiation sound field of several internal point sound sources,and then the radiated noise induced by spherical sound source can be predicted quickly.The accuracy and efficiency of the method are verified by comparing with the numerical results of finite element method,and the rapid prediction of underwater radiated noise of cylindrical shell is carried out based on the method.The results show that compared with the finite element method,the relative error of the calculation results under different simulation conditions does not exceed 0.1%,and the calculation time is about 1/10 of the finite element method,so this method can be used to solve the radiated noise of shallow underwater targets. 展开更多
关键词 shallow water radiation noise wave superposition principle cylindrical shell finite element
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Grain yield and N uptake of maize in response to increased plant density under reduced water and nitrogen supply conditions 被引量:3
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作者 Jingui Wei Qiang Chai +5 位作者 Wen Yin Hong Fan Yao Guo Falong Hu Zhilong Fan QimingWang 《Journal of Integrative Agriculture》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第1期122-140,共19页
The development of modern agriculture requires the reduction of water and chemical N fertilizer inputs.Increasing the planting density can maintain higher yields,but also consumes more of these restrictive resources.H... The development of modern agriculture requires the reduction of water and chemical N fertilizer inputs.Increasing the planting density can maintain higher yields,but also consumes more of these restrictive resources.However,whether an increased maize density can compensate for the negative effects of reduced water and N supply on grain yield and N uptake in the arid irrigated areas remains unknown.This study is part of a long-term positioning trial that started in 2016.A split-split plot field experiment of maize was implemented in the arid irrigated area of northwestern China in 2020 to 2021.The treatments included two irrigation levels:local conventional irrigation reduced by 20%(W1,3,240 m^(3)ha^(-1))and local conventional irrigation(W2,4,050 m^(3)ha^(-1));two N application rates:local conventional N reduced by 25%(N1,270 kg ha^(-1))and local conventional N(360 kg ha^(-1));and three planting densities:local conventional density(D1,75,000 plants ha^(-1)),density increased by 30%(D2,97,500 plants ha-1),and density increased by 60%(D3,120,000 plants ha^(-1)).Our results showed that the grain yield and aboveground N accumulation of maize were lower under the reduced water and N inputs,but increasing the maize density by 30% can compensate for the reductions of grain yield and aboveground N accumulation caused by the reduced water and N supply.When water was reduced while the N application rate remained unchanged,increasing the planting density by 30% enhanced grain yield by 13.9% and aboveground N accumulation by 15.3%.Under reduced water and N inputs,increasing the maize density by 30% enhanced N uptake efficiency and N partial factor productivity,and it also compensated for the N harvest index and N metabolic related enzyme activities.Compared with W2N2D1,the N uptake efficiency and N partial factor productivity increased by 28.6 and 17.6%under W1N1D2.W1N2D2 had 8.4% higher N uptake efficiency and 13.9% higher N partial factor productivity than W2N2D1.W1N2D2 improved urease activity and nitrate reductase activity by 5.4% at the R2(blister)stage and 19.6% at the V6(6th leaf)stage,and increased net income and the benefit:cost ratio by 22.1 and 16.7%,respectively.W1N1D2 and W1N2D2 reduced the nitrate nitrogen and ammoniacal nitrogen contents at the R6 stage in the 40-100 cm soil layer,compared with W2N2D1.In summary,increasing the planting density by 30% can compensate for the loss of grain yield and aboveground N accumulation under reduced water and N inputs.Meanwhile,increasing the maize density by 30% improved grain yield and aboveground N accumulation when water was reduced by 20% while the N application rate remained constant in arid irrigation areas. 展开更多
关键词 water and N reduction plant density MAIZE grain yield N uptake compensation effect
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Insights on advanced substrates for controllable fabrication of photoanodes toward efficient and stable photoelectrochemical water splitting 被引量:2
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作者 Huilin Hou Gang Shao +2 位作者 Yang Wang Wai‐Yeung Wong Weiyou Yang 《Carbon Energy》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第4期164-221,共58页
Conversion of solar energy into H_(2) by photoelectrochemical(PEC)water splitting is recognized as an ideal way to address the growing energy crisis and environmental issues.In a typical PEC cell,the construction of p... Conversion of solar energy into H_(2) by photoelectrochemical(PEC)water splitting is recognized as an ideal way to address the growing energy crisis and environmental issues.In a typical PEC cell,the construction of photoanodes is crucial to guarantee the high efficiency and stability of PEC reactions,which fundamentally rely on rationally designed semiconductors(as the active materials)and substrates(as the current collectors).In this review work,we start with a brief introduction of the roles of substrates in the PEC process.Then,we provide a systematic overview of representative strategies for the controlled fabrication of photoanodes on rationally designed substrates,including conductive glass,metal,sapphire,silicon,silicon carbide,and flexible substrates.Finally,some prospects concerning the challenges and research directions in this area are proposed. 展开更多
关键词 hydrogen PHOTOANODE PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL SUBSTRATES water splitting
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Inter-layer interference for multi-layered tight gas reservoir in the absence and presence of movable water 被引量:2
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作者 Tao Zhang Bin-Rui Wang +5 位作者 Yu-Long Zhao Lie-Hui Zhang Xiang-Yang Qiao Lei Zhang Jing-Jing Guo Hung Vo Thanh 《Petroleum Science》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第3期1751-1764,共14页
Due to the dissimilarity among different producing layers,the influences of inter-layer interference on the production performance of a multi-layer gas reservoir are possible.However,systematic studies of inter-layer ... Due to the dissimilarity among different producing layers,the influences of inter-layer interference on the production performance of a multi-layer gas reservoir are possible.However,systematic studies of inter-layer interference for tight gas reservoirs are really limited,especially for those reservoirs in the presence of water.In this work,five types of possible inter-layer interferences,including both absence and presence of water,are identified for commingled production of tight gas reservoirs.Subsequently,a series of reservoir-scale and pore-scale numerical simulations are conducted to quantify the degree of influence of each type of interference.Consistent field evidence from the Yan'an tight gas reservoir(Ordos Basin,China)is found to support the simulation results.Additionally,suggestions are proposed to mitigate the potential inter-layer interferences.The results indicate that,in the absence of water,commingled production is favorable in two situations:when there is a difference in physical properties and when there is a difference in the pressure system of each layer.For reservoirs with a multi-pressure system,the backflow phenomenon,which significantly influences the production performance,only occurs under extreme conditions(such as very low production rates or well shut-in periods).When water is introduced into the multi-layer system,inter-layer interference becomes nearly inevitable.Perforating both the gas-rich layer and water-rich layer for commingled production is not desirable,as it can trigger water invasion from the water-rich layer into the gas-rich layer.The gas-rich layer might also be interfered with by water from the neighboring unperforated water-rich layer,where the water might break the barrier(eg weak joint surface,cement in fractures)between the two layers and migrate into the gas-rich layer.Additionally,the gas-rich layer could possibly be interfered with by water that accumulates at the bottom of the wellbore due to gravitational differentiation during shut-in operations. 展开更多
关键词 Tight gas Comingled production INTERFERENCE Two-phase flow water blocking
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Development of advanced anion exchange membrane from the view of the performance of water electrolysis cell 被引量:2
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作者 Chao Liu Zhen Geng +6 位作者 Xukang Wang Wendong Liu Yuwei Wang Qihan Xia Wenbo Li Liming Jin Cunman Zhang 《Journal of Energy Chemistry》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第3期348-369,I0009,共23页
Green hydrogen produced by water electrolysis combined with renewable energy is a promising alternative to fossil fuels due to its high energy density with zero-carbon emissions.Among water electrolysis technologies,t... Green hydrogen produced by water electrolysis combined with renewable energy is a promising alternative to fossil fuels due to its high energy density with zero-carbon emissions.Among water electrolysis technologies,the anion exchange membrane(AEM) water electrolysis has gained intensive attention and is considered as the next-generation emerging technology due to its potential advantages,such as the use of low-cost non-noble metal catalysts,the relatively mature stack assembly process,etc.However,the AEM water electrolyzer is still in the early development stage of the kW-level stack,which is mainly attributed to severe performance decay caused by the core component,i.e.,AEM.Here,the review comprehensively presents the recent progress of advanced AEM from the view of the performance of water electrolysis cells.Herein,fundamental principles and critical components of AEM water electrolyzers are introduced,and work conditions of AEM water electrolyzers and AEM performance improvement strategies are discussed.The challenges and perspectives are also analyzed. 展开更多
关键词 HYDROGEN water electrolysis Anion exchange membrane Electrolysis cell
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Influence of water coupling coefficient on the blasting effect of red sandstone specimens 被引量:2
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作者 Yang Li Renshu Yang +1 位作者 Yanbing Wang Dairui Fu 《International Journal of Coal Science & Technology》 EI CAS CSCD 2024年第1期148-166,共19页
This study investigates the impact of different water coupling coefficients on the blasting effect of red sandstone.The analysis is based on the theories of detonation wave and elastic wave,focusing on the variation i... This study investigates the impact of different water coupling coefficients on the blasting effect of red sandstone.The analysis is based on the theories of detonation wave and elastic wave,focusing on the variation in wall pressure of the blasting holes.Using DDNP explosive as the explosive load,blasting tests were conducted on red sandstone specimens with four different water coupling coefficients:1.20,1.33,1.50,and 2.00.The study examines the morphologies of the rock specimens after blasting under these different water coupling coefficients.Additionally,the fractal dimensions of the surface cracks resulting from the blasting were calculated to provide a quantitative evaluation of the extent of rock damage.CT scanning and 3D reconstruction were performed on the post-blasting specimens to visually depict the extent of damage and fractures within the rock.Additionally,the volume fractal dimension and damage degree of the post-blasting specimens are calculated.The findings are then combined with numerical simulation to facilitate auxiliary analysis.The results demonstrate that an increase in the water coupling coefficient leads to a reduction in the peak pressure on the hole wall and the crushing zone,enabling more of the explosion energy to be utilized for crack propagation following the explosion.The specimens exhibited distinct failure patterns,resulting in corresponding changes in fractal dimensions.The simulated pore wall pressure–time curve validated the derived theoretical results,whereas the stress cloud map and explosion energy-time curve demonstrated the buffering effect of the water medium.As the water coupling coefficient increases,the buffering effect of the water medium becomes increasingly prominent. 展开更多
关键词 water coupling coefficient Radial uncoupled charge Numerical simulation Fractal dimension
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A study on the simulation of carbon and water fluxes of Dangxiong alpine meadow and its response to climate change 被引量:1
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作者 Lingyun He Lei Zhong +3 位作者 Yaoming Ma Yuting Qi Jie Liu Peizhen Li 《Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters》 CSCD 2024年第5期22-27,共6页
The alpine meadow ecosystem accounts for 27%of the total area of the Tibetan Plateau and is also one of the most important vegetation types.The Dangxiong alpine meadow ecosystem,located in the south-central part of th... The alpine meadow ecosystem accounts for 27%of the total area of the Tibetan Plateau and is also one of the most important vegetation types.The Dangxiong alpine meadow ecosystem,located in the south-central part of the Tibetan Plateau,is a typical example.To understand the carbon and water fluxes,water use efficiency(WUE),and their responses to future climate change for the alpine meadow ecosystem in the Dangxiong area,two parameter estimation methods,the Model-independent Parameter Estimation(PEST)and the Dynamic Dimensions Search(DDS),were used to optimize the Biome-BGC model.Then,the gross primary productivity(GPP)and evapotranspiration(ET)were simulated.The results show that the DDS parameter calibration method has a better performance.The annual GPP and ET show an increasing trend,while the WUE shows a decreasing trend.Meanwhile,ET and GPP reach their peaks in July and August,respectively,and WUE shows a“dual-peak”pattern,reaching peaks in May and November.Furthermore,according to the simulation results for the next nearly 100 years,the ensemble average GPP and ET exhibit a significant increasing trend,and the growth rate under the SSP5–8.5 scenario is greater than that under the SSP2–4.5 scenario.WUE shows an increasing trend under the SSP2–4.5 scenario and a significant increasing trend under the SSP5–8.5 scenario.This study has important scientific significance for carbon and water cycle prediction and vegetation ecological protection on the Tibetan Plateau. 展开更多
关键词 Carbon and water flux water use efficiency Alpine meadow Biome-BGC model Climate change
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Experimental study on the effect of water absorption level on rockburst occurrence of sandstone 被引量:1
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作者 Dongqiao Liu Jie Sun +3 位作者 Pengfei He Manchao He Binghao Cao Yuanyuan Yang 《Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第1期136-152,共17页
To investigate the mechanism of rockburst prevention by spraying water onto the surrounding rocks,15 experiments are performed considering different water absorption levels on a single face.High-speed photography and ... To investigate the mechanism of rockburst prevention by spraying water onto the surrounding rocks,15 experiments are performed considering different water absorption levels on a single face.High-speed photography and acoustic emission(AE)system are used to monitor the rockburst process.The effect of water on sandstone rockburst and the prevention mechanism of water on sandstone rockburst are analyzed from the perspective of energy and failure mode.The results show that the higher the ab-sorption degree,the lower the intensity of the rockburst after absorbing water on single side of sand-stone.This is reflected in the fact that with the increase in the water absorption level,the ejection velocity of rockburst fragments is smaller,the depth of the rockburst pit is shallower,and the AE energy is smaller.Under the water absorption level of 100%,the magnitude of rockburst intensity changes from medium to slight.The prevention mechanism of water on sandstone rockburst is that water reduces the capacity of sandstone to store strain energy and accelerates the expansion of shear cracks,which is not conducive to the occurrence of plate cracking before rockburst,and destroys the conditions for rockburst incubation. 展开更多
关键词 ROCKBURST water Prevention effect Crack evolution
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Classification and technical target of water electrolysis for hydrogen production 被引量:1
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作者 Kahyun Ham Sooan Bae Jaeyoung Lee 《Journal of Energy Chemistry》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第8期554-576,I0012,共24页
Continuous efforts are underway to reduce carbon emissions worldwide in response to global climate change.Water electrolysis technology,in conjunction with renewable energy,is considered the most feasible hydrogen pro... Continuous efforts are underway to reduce carbon emissions worldwide in response to global climate change.Water electrolysis technology,in conjunction with renewable energy,is considered the most feasible hydrogen production technology based on the viable possibility of large-scale hydrogen production and the zero-carbon-emission nature of the process.However,for hydrogen produced via water electrolysis systems to be utilized in various fields in practice,the unit cost of hydrogen production must be reduced to$1/kg H_(2).To achieve this unit cost,technical targets for water electrolysis have been suggested regarding components in the system.In this paper,the types of water electrolysis systems and the limitations of water electrolysis system components are explained.We suggest guideline with recent trend for achieving this technical target and insights for the potential utilization of water electrolysis technology. 展开更多
关键词 water electrolysis Hydrogen production Technical target ELECTROCHEMISTRY
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CsABF3-activated CsSUT1 pathway is implicated in pre-harvest water deficit inducing sucrose accumulation in citrus fruit 被引量:1
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作者 Xiaochuan Ma Yuanyuan Chang +6 位作者 Feifei Li Junfeng Yang Li Ye Tie Zhou Yan Jin Ling Sheng Xiaopeng Lu 《Horticultural Plant Journal》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第1期103-114,共12页
Pre-harvest water deficit(PHWD)plays an important role in sugar accumulation of citrus fruit.However,the mechanism is not known well.Here,it was confirmed that PHWD promoted sucrose accumulation of citrus fruit,but ha... Pre-harvest water deficit(PHWD)plays an important role in sugar accumulation of citrus fruit.However,the mechanism is not known well.Here,it was confirmed that PHWD promoted sucrose accumulation of citrus fruit,but had limited effect on fructose,glucose and total acid.A sucrose transporter,Cs SUT1,which localizes to the plasma membrane,was demonstrated to function in sucrose transport induced by PHWD.Compared to wild-type,Cs SUT1 overexpression in citrus calli stimulated sucrose,fructose and glucose accumulation,while its silencing in juice sacs reduced sucrose accumulation.Increased sugar accumulation in transgenic lines enhanced plant drought tolerance,and resulted in decreased electrolyte leakage,malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide contents,as well as increased superoxide dismutase activity and proline contents.An abscisic acid(ABA)-responsive transcription factor,Cs ABF3,was found with a same expression pattern with Cs SUT1 under PHWD.Yeast one-hybrid,electrophoretic mobility shift assay and dual-luciferase assays all revealed that Cs ABF3 directly bound with the Cs SUT1 promoter by ABA responsive elements.When Cs ABF3 was overexpressed in citrus calli,the sucrose,fructose and glucose concentration increased correspondingly.Further,transgenic studies demonstrated that Cs ABF3 could affect sucrose accumulation by regulating Cs SUT1.Overall,this study revealed a regulation of Cs ABF3 promoting Cs SUT1 expression and sucrose accumulation in response to PHWD.Our results provide a detail insight into the quality formation of citrus fruit. 展开更多
关键词 CITRUS water deficit Pre-harvest SUCROSE CsABF3 CsSUT1
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Mechanical properties and acoustic emission characteristics of soft rock with different water contents under dynamic disturbance 被引量:1
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作者 Yujing Jiang Lugen Chen +4 位作者 Dong Wang Hengjie Luan Guangchao Zhang Ling Dong Bin Liang 《International Journal of Coal Science & Technology》 EI CAS CSCD 2024年第3期135-148,共14页
Uniaxial compression tests and cyclic loading acoustic emission tests were conducted on 20%,40%,60%,80%,dry and saturated muddy sandstone by using a creep impact loading system to investigate the mechanical properties... Uniaxial compression tests and cyclic loading acoustic emission tests were conducted on 20%,40%,60%,80%,dry and saturated muddy sandstone by using a creep impact loading system to investigate the mechanical properties and acoustic emission characteristics of soft rocks with different water contents under dynamic disturbance.The mechanical properties and acoustic emission characteristics of muddy sandstones at different water contents were analysed.Results of experimental studies show that water is a key factor in the mechanical properties of rocks,softening them,increasing their porosity,reducing their brittleness and increasing their plasticity.Under uniaxial compression,the macroscopic damage characteristics of the muddy sandstone change from mono-bevel shear damage and‘X’type conjugate bevel shear damage to a roadway bottom-drum type damage as the water content increases.Dynamic perturbation has a strengthening effect on the mechanical properties of samples with 60%and less water content,and a weakening effect on samples with 80%and more water content,but the weakening effect is not obvious.Macroscopic damage characteristics of dry samples remain unchanged,water samples from shear damage and tensile–shear composite damage gradually transformed into cleavage damage,until saturation transformation monoclinic shear damage.The evolution of acoustic emission energy and event number is mainly divided into four stages:loading stage(Ⅰ),dynamic loading stage(Ⅱ),yield failure stage(Ⅲ),and post-peak stage(Ⅳ),the acoustic emission characteristics of the stages were different for different water contents.The characteristic value of acoustic emission key point frequency gradually decreases,and the damage degree of the specimen increases,corresponding to low water content—high main frequency—low damage and high water content—low main frequency—high damage. 展开更多
关键词 Dynamic disturbance Soft rock Cyclic loading Acoustic emission water content
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Recent advances in cobalt phosphide-based materials for electrocatalytic water splitting:From catalytic mechanism and synthesis method to optimization design 被引量:1
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作者 Rongrong Deng Mengwei Guo +1 位作者 Chaowu Wang Qibo Zhang 《Nano Materials Science》 EI CAS CSCD 2024年第2期139-173,共35页
Electrochemical water splitting has long been considered an effective energy conversion technology for trans-ferring intermittent renewable electricity into hydrogen fuel,and the exploration of cost-effective and high... Electrochemical water splitting has long been considered an effective energy conversion technology for trans-ferring intermittent renewable electricity into hydrogen fuel,and the exploration of cost-effective and high-performance electrocatalysts is crucial in making electrolyzed water technology commercially viable.Cobalt phosphide(Co-P)has emerged as a catalyst of high potential owing to its high catalytic activity and durability in water splitting.This paper systematically reviews the latest advances in the development of Co-P-based materials for use in water splitting.The essential effects of P in enhancing the catalytic performance of the hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction are first outlined.Then,versatile synthesis techniques for Co-P electrocatalysts are summarized,followed by advanced strategies to enhance the electrocatalytic performance of Co-P materials,including heteroatom doping,composite construction,integration with well-conductive sub-strates,and structure control from the viewpoint of experiment.Along with these optimization strategies,the understanding of the inherent mechanism of enhanced catalytic performance is also discussed.Finally,some existing challenges in the development of highly active and stable Co-P-based materials are clarified,and pro-spective directions for prompting the wide commercialization of water electrolysis technology are proposed. 展开更多
关键词 Co-P electrocatalysts water splitting Hydrogen production Catalytic mechanism Synthesis technique Optimization design
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Seismic performance evaluation of water supply pipes installed in a full-scale RC frame structure based on a shaking table test 被引量:1
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作者 Wu Houli Guo Endong +2 位作者 Wang Jingyi Dai Xin Dai Chenxi 《Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration》 SCIE EI CSCD 2024年第1期163-178,共16页
As an important part of nonstructural components,the seismic response of indoor water supply pipes deserves much attention.This paper presents shaking table test research on water supply pipes installed in a full-scal... As an important part of nonstructural components,the seismic response of indoor water supply pipes deserves much attention.This paper presents shaking table test research on water supply pipes installed in a full-scale reinforced concrete(RC)frame structure.Different material pipes and different methods for penetrating the reinforced concrete floors are combined to evaluate the difference in seismic performance.Floor response spectra and pipe acceleration amplification factors based on test data are discussed and compared with code provisions.A seismic fragility study of displacement demand is conducted based on numerical simulation.The acceleration response and displacement response of different combinations are compared.The results show that the combination of different pipe materials and different passing-through methods can cause obvious differences in the seismic response of indoor riser pipes. 展开更多
关键词 water supply pipe different materials shaking table test amplification factor seismic fragility
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Future changes in precipitation and water availability over the Tibetan Plateau projected by CMIP6 models constrained by climate sensitivity 被引量:1
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作者 Hui Qiu Tianjun Zhou +3 位作者 Liwei Zou Jie Jiang Xiaolong Chen Shuai Hu 《Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters》 CSCD 2024年第5期40-46,共7页
Precipitation projections over the Tibetan Plateau(TP)show diversity among existing studies,partly due to model uncertainty.How to develop a reliable projection remains inconclusive.Here,based on the IPCC AR6–assesse... Precipitation projections over the Tibetan Plateau(TP)show diversity among existing studies,partly due to model uncertainty.How to develop a reliable projection remains inconclusive.Here,based on the IPCC AR6–assessed likely range of equilibrium climate sensitivity(ECS)and the climatological precipitation performance,the authors constrain the CMIP6(phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project)model projection of summer precipitation and water availability over the TP.The best estimates of precipitation changes are 0.24,0.25,and 0.45 mm d^(−1)(5.9%,6.1%,and 11.2%)under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway(SSP)scenarios of SSP1–2.6,SSP2–4.5,and SSP5–8.5 from 2050–2099 relative to 1965–2014,respectively.The corresponding constrained projections of water availability measured by precipitation minus evaporation(P–E)are 0.10,0.09,and 0.22 mm d^(−1)(5.7%,4.9%,and 13.2%),respectively.The increase of precipitation and P–E projected by the high-ECS models,whose ECS values are higher than the upper limit of the likely range,are about 1.7 times larger than those estimated by constrained projections.Spatially,there is a larger increase in precipitation and P–E over the eastern TP,while the western part shows a relatively weak difference in precipitation and a drier trend in P–E.The wetter TP projected by the high-ECS models resulted from both an approximately 1.2–1.4 times stronger hydrological sensitivity and additional warming of 0.6℃–1.2℃ under all three scenarios during 2050–2099.This study emphasizes that selecting climate models with climate sensitivity within the likely range is crucial to reducing the uncertainty in the projection of TP precipitation and water availability changes. 展开更多
关键词 Tibetan plateau Climate sensitivity Precipitation projection water availability projection
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In situ Hydrothermal Oxidation of Ternary FeCoNi Alloy Electrode for Overall Water Splitting 被引量:1
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作者 Yuwei Chen Lixia Yang +4 位作者 Chao Li Yuqiu Wu Xiao Lν Hairen Wang Jun'e Qu 《Energy & Environmental Materials》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第2期161-170,共10页
Exploring noble metal-free catalyst materials for high efficient electrochemical water splitting to produce hydrogen is strongly desired for renewable energy development.In this article,a novel bifunctional catalytic ... Exploring noble metal-free catalyst materials for high efficient electrochemical water splitting to produce hydrogen is strongly desired for renewable energy development.In this article,a novel bifunctional catalytic electrode of insitu-grown type for alkaline water splitting based on FeCoNi alloy substrate has been successfully prepared via a facile one-step hydrothermal oxidation route in an alkaline hydrogen peroxide medium.It shows that the matrix alloy with the atom ratio 4∶3∶3 of Fe∶Co∶Ni can obtain the best catalytic performance when hydrothermally treated at 180℃for 18 h in the solution containing 1.8 M hydrogen peroxide and 3.6 M sodium hydroxide.The as-prepared Fe_(0.4)Co_(0.3)Ni_(0.3)-1.8 electrode exhibits small overpotentials of only 184 and 175 mV at electrolysis current density of 10 mA cm^(-2)for alkaline OER and HER processes,respectively.The overall water splitting at electrolysis current density of 10 mA cm^(-2)can be stably delivered at a low cell voltage of 1.62 V.These characteristics including the large specific surface area,the high surface nickel content,the abundant catalyst species,the balanced distribution between bivalent and trivalent metal ions,and the strong binding of in-situ naturally growed catalytic layer to matrix are responsible for the prominent catalytic performance of the Fe_(0.4)Co_(0.3)Ni_(0.3)-1.8 electrode,which can act as a possible replacement for expensive noble metal-based materials. 展开更多
关键词 alkaline water electrolysis bifunctional electrocatalyst FeCoNi alloy hydrothermal oxidation in-situ growing
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Atomically dispersed Ni electrocatalyst for superior urea-assisted water splitting 被引量:1
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作者 Fang Luo Shuyuan Pan +3 位作者 Yuhua Xie Chen Li Yingjie Yu Zehui Yang 《Journal of Energy Chemistry》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第3期1-6,I0002,共7页
Urea oxidation reaction(UOR) has been selected as substitution for oxygen evolution reaction ascribing to its low thermodynamic voltage as well as utilization of nickel as electrocatalyst.Herein,we report the formatio... Urea oxidation reaction(UOR) has been selected as substitution for oxygen evolution reaction ascribing to its low thermodynamic voltage as well as utilization of nickel as electrocatalyst.Herein,we report the formation of nickel single atoms(Ni-SAs) as exceptional bifunctional electrocatalyst toward UOR and hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) in urea-assisted water splitting.In UOR catalysis,Ni-SAs perform a superior catalytic performance than Ni-NP/NC and Pt/C ascribing to the formation of HOO-Ni-N_(4) structure evidenced by in-situ Raman spectroscopy,corresponding to a boosted mass activity by 175-fold at 1.4 V vs.RHE than Ni-NP/NC.Furthermore,Ni-SAs requires only 450 mV overpotential to obtain HER current density of 500 mA cm^(-2).136 mA cm^(-2) is achieved in urea-assisted water splitting at1.7 V for Ni-SAs,boosted by 5.7 times than Pt/C-IrO_(2) driven water splitting. 展开更多
关键词 Urea oxidation reaction Hydrogen evolution reaction Nickel single atoms water splitting
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