Green hydrogen is urgently required for sustainable development of human beings and rational construction of heterostructures holds great promising for photocatalytic hydrogen generation.Herein,2D/2D WSe_(2)/ZnIn_(2)S...Green hydrogen is urgently required for sustainable development of human beings and rational construction of heterostructures holds great promising for photocatalytic hydrogen generation.Herein,2D/2D WSe_(2)/ZnIn_(2)S_(4) heterostructures with strong hetero-interface interaction and abundant contact were constructed via an impregnation-annealing strategy.Efficient charge transfer from ZnIn_(2)S_(4) to WSe_(2)was evidenced by transient absorption spectroscopy in crafted heterostructures owing to the tight and2D face-to-face contact.As a result,the prepared WSe_(2)/ZnIn_(2)S_(4) heterostructures exhibited boosted photocatalytic performance and a highest hydrogen evolution rate of 3.377 mmol/(g h)was achieved with an apparent quantum yield of 45.7%at 420 nm.The work not only provides new strategies to achieve efficient 2D/2D heterostructures but also paves the way for the development of green hydrogen in the future.展开更多
The protein connector enhancer of kinase suppressor of Ras 2(CNKSR2),present in both the postsynaptic density and cytoplasm of neurons,is a scaffolding protein with several protein-binding domains.Variants of the CNKS...The protein connector enhancer of kinase suppressor of Ras 2(CNKSR2),present in both the postsynaptic density and cytoplasm of neurons,is a scaffolding protein with several protein-binding domains.Variants of the CNKSR2 gene have been implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders,particularly intellectual disability,although the precise mechanism involved has not yet been fully understood.Research has demonstrated that CNKSR2 plays a role in facilitating the localization of postsynaptic density protein complexes to the membrane,thereby influencing synaptic signaling and the morphogenesis of dendritic spines.However,the function of CNKSR2 in the cytoplasm remains to be elucidated.In this study,we used immunoprecipitation and high-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to identify the interactors of CNKSR2.Through a combination of bioinformatic analysis and cytological experiments,we found that the CNKSR2 interactors were significantly enriched in the proteome of the centrosome.We also showed that CNKSR2 interacted with the microtubule protein DYNC1H1 and with the centrosome marker CEP290.Subsequent colocalization analysis confirmed the centrosomal localization of CNKSR2.When we downregulated CNKSR2 expression in mouse neuroblastoma cells(Neuro 2A),we observed significant changes in the expression of numerous centrosomal genes.This manipulation also affected centrosome-related functions,including cell size and shape,cell proliferation,and motility.Furthermore,we found that CNKSR2 interactors were highly enriched in de novo variants associated with intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder.Our findings establish a connection between CNKSR2 and the centrosome,and offer new insights into the underlying mechanisms of neurodevelopmental disorders.展开更多
Soliton molecules(SMs)of the(2+1)-dimensional generalized KonopelchenkoDubrovsky-Kaup-Kupershmidt(gKDKK)equation are found by utilizing a velocity resonance ansatz to N-soliton solutions,which can transform to asymmet...Soliton molecules(SMs)of the(2+1)-dimensional generalized KonopelchenkoDubrovsky-Kaup-Kupershmidt(gKDKK)equation are found by utilizing a velocity resonance ansatz to N-soliton solutions,which can transform to asymmetric solitons upon assigning appropriate values to some parameters.Furthermore,a double-peaked lump solution can be constructed with breather degeneration approach.By applying a mixed technique of a resonance ansatz and conjugate complexes of partial parameters to multisoliton solutions,various kinds of interactional structures are constructed;There include the soliton molecule(SM),the breather molecule(BM)and the soliton-breather molecule(SBM).Graphical investigation and theoretical analysis show that the interactions composed of SM,BM and SBM are inelastic.展开更多
L2 reading is not only an important channel for people to obtain information and knowledge,but also the main way for people to learn a foreign language.Reading information processing can be divided into controlled pro...L2 reading is not only an important channel for people to obtain information and knowledge,but also the main way for people to learn a foreign language.Reading information processing can be divided into controlled processing and automatic processing.Controlled information processing is a conscious and resource-intensive processing model,while automatic information processing is an unconscious and automatic processing model.This study investigates the characteristics and interactivity of controlled and automatic information processing in L2 reading,and explores the roles of controlled and automatic information processing strategies in improving L2 reading ability.The findings are as follows:(a)controlled and automatic information processing is interactive in L2 reading;and(b)the uses of controlled and automatic information processing strategies are beneficial to the improvement of the reading ability of L2 learners.This study has important theoretical and practical value in improving the efficiency of L2 reading teaching and learning.展开更多
To investigate the impacts of mineral composition on physical and mechanical properties of carbonate rocks,limestone specimens containing different contents in calcite and dolomite are selected to perform CO_(2)-water...To investigate the impacts of mineral composition on physical and mechanical properties of carbonate rocks,limestone specimens containing different contents in calcite and dolomite are selected to perform CO_(2)-water-rock reaction experiments.The X-ray Diffraction(XRD) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance(NMR) are carried out to examine the change characteristics of mineral dissolution and pore structure after reaction.The core flooding experiments with Fiber Bragg gratings are implemented to examine the stress sensitivity of carbonate rocks.The results show that the limestones containing pure calcite are more susceptible to acid dissolution compared to limestone containing impure dolomite.The calcite content in pure limestone decreases as the reaction undergoes.The dissolution of dolomite leads to the formation of calcite in impure limestone.Calcite dissolution leads to the formation of macropore and flow channels in pure limestone,while the effects of impure dolomite in impure limestone results in mesopore formation.When confining pressure is lower than 12 MPa,pure limestones demonstrate higher strain sensitivity coefficients compared to impure limestone containing dolomite after reaction.When confining pressure exceeds 12 MPa,the strain sensitivity coefficients of both pure and impure limestones become almost equal.展开更多
The(2+1)-dimensional elliptic Toda equation is a high-dimensional generalization of the Toda lattice and a semidiscrete Kadomtsev–Petviashvili I equation.This paper focuses on investigating the resonant interactions ...The(2+1)-dimensional elliptic Toda equation is a high-dimensional generalization of the Toda lattice and a semidiscrete Kadomtsev–Petviashvili I equation.This paper focuses on investigating the resonant interactions between two breathers,a breather/lump and line solitons as well as lump molecules for the(2+1)-dimensional elliptic Toda equation.Based on the N-soliton solution,we obtain the hybrid solutions consisting of line solitons,breathers and lumps.Through the asymptotic analysis of these hybrid solutions,we derive the phase shifts of the breather,lump and line solitons before and after the interaction between a breather/lump and line solitons.By making the phase shifts infinite,we obtain the resonant solution of two breathers and the resonant solutions of a breather/lump and line solitons.Through the asymptotic analysis of these resonant solutions,we demonstrate that the resonant interactions exhibit the fusion,fission,time-localized breather and rogue lump phenomena.Utilizing the velocity resonance method,we obtain lump–soliton,lump–breather,lump–soliton–breather and lump–breather–breather molecules.The above works have not been reported in the(2+1)-dimensional discrete nonlinear wave equations.展开更多
The interfacial interaction existing in the Ni ZrO 2 composite plating has been investigated. The experimental results show that no new phases were formed in the interfacial regions between matrix Ni and ZrO 2 part...The interfacial interaction existing in the Ni ZrO 2 composite plating has been investigated. The experimental results show that no new phases were formed in the interfacial regions between matrix Ni and ZrO 2 particles, but an orbital interaction through the mutual overlap of the d orbits does exist in the interfacial regions between Ni atoms and Zr 3+ ions.展开更多
A γ-TiAl alloy with nominal composition of Ti-47%Al（molar fraction） was directionally solidified in an alumina mould with an Y2O3 protective coating.The effects of processing parameters（melting temperature and int...A γ-TiAl alloy with nominal composition of Ti-47%Al（molar fraction） was directionally solidified in an alumina mould with an Y2O3 protective coating.The effects of processing parameters（melting temperature and interaction time） on the metal-coating interface,microstructure and chemical composition of the alloy were evaluated.The result shows that the Y2O3 protective coating exhibits an effective barrier capability to avoid direct contact between the mould base material and the TiAl melt,although the Y2O3 coating is found to suffer some erosion and be slightly dissolved by the molten TiAl due to the coating-metal interactions.The directionally solidified alloys were contaminated with Y and O,and Y2O3 inclusions were dispersed in the metal matrix.The reason for this metal contamination is the Y2O3 coating dissolution by the TiAl melt.One mode of the interaction between Y2O3 and the TiAl melt is dissolution of yttrium and atomic oxygen in the melt by reaction Y2O3（s）=2Y（in TiAl melt）＋3O（in TiAl melt）.Both the extent of alloy contamination and the volume fractions of Y2O3 inclusions depend on the melting temperature and the interaction time.展开更多
This study investigated the effects of H2O2 treatment on xanthate interaction and flotation separation of chalcopyrite and pyrite by making use of a series of laboratory flotation experiments and surface analysis tech...This study investigated the effects of H2O2 treatment on xanthate interaction and flotation separation of chalcopyrite and pyrite by making use of a series of laboratory flotation experiments and surface analysis techniques.Flotation test results showed that H2O2 treatment influenced the flotation behaviors of the two minerals;however,flotation of pyrite was depressed more significantly than that of the chalcopyrite.Under well-controlled H2O2 concentration,the selective separation of chalcopyrite from pyrite was realized at pH 9.0,at which the recovery of chalcopyrite was over 84%and that of pyrite was less than 24%.Zeta potential,UV-visible and IR spectrum measurements revealed that the collector interacted differently with the two minerals after H2O2 treatment,and the surface of chalcopyrite adsorbed much greater amount of xanthate than that of the pyrite.IR and XPS analyses showed that the H2O2 treatment significantly changed the surface properties of pyrite to very hydrophilic species that inhibited the adsorption of collector and thus depressed the floatability of pyrite.While,the surface of chalcopyrite remained mildly inert to H2O2,as a result,the adsorption of xanthate and its oxidation to dixanthogen were very effective,which enhanced the flotation of chalcopyrite.展开更多
Three experiments for the simulation of typhoon Sinlaku （2002） over the western North Pacific are performed in this study by using the Canadian Mesoscale Compressible Community （MC2） atmospheric model. The objecti...Three experiments for the simulation of typhoon Sinlaku （2002） over the western North Pacific are performed in this study by using the Canadian Mesoscale Compressible Community （MC2） atmospheric model. The objective of these simulations is to investigate the air-sea interaction during extreme weather conditions, and to determine the sensitivity of the typhoon evolution to the sea surface temperature （SST） cooling induced by the typhoon. It is shown from the three experiments that the surface heat fluxes have a substantial influence on the slow-moving cyclone over its lifetime. When the SST in the East China coastal ocean becomes 1℃ cooler in the simulation, less latent heat and sensible heat fluxes from the underlying ocean to the cyclone tend to reduce the typhoon intensity. The cyclone is weakened by 7 hPa at the time of its peak intensity. The SST cooling also has impacts on the vertical structure of the typhoon by weakening the warm core and drying the eye wall. With a finer horizontal resolution of （1/6）° × （1/6）°, the model produces higher surface wind, and therefore more surface heat fluxes are emitted from the ocean surface to the cyclone, in the finer-resolution MC2 grid compared with the relatively lower resolution of 0.25° × 0.25° MC2 grid.展开更多
Quercetin is a biologically active flavonoid that has been used as a popular health supplement.It is reported that quercetin may cause flavonoid-drug interaction mediated by P-glycoprotein,the most predominant efflux ...Quercetin is a biologically active flavonoid that has been used as a popular health supplement.It is reported that quercetin may cause flavonoid-drug interaction mediated by P-glycoprotein,the most predominant efflux transporter.In this study,we comprehensively evaluated the potential of the pharmacokinetic interaction of quercetin mediated by multidrug resistance-associated protein 2(MRP2),another major efflux transporter.MRP2-transfected MDCKII cells and LS174T cells were used to evaluate the potential inhibition and induction of MRP2 by quercetin in vitro.To evaluate the induction effect of quercetin on Mrp2 in vivo,Mrp2 mRNA expression in rat liver,kidney,and small intestinal tissues was determined after the oral administration of quercetin(50,100,or 250 mg/kg)for seven days.Mrp2-mediated interaction potential was also evaluated by the pharmacokinetic study of phenolsulfonphthalein in rats after single or multiple doses of quercetin.Additionally,the effect of quercetin on absorption of docetaxel,a P-glycoprotein and CYP3A4 substrate,was also evaluated.Quercetin inhibited the function of MRP2 at 10μM and induced the mRNA expression of MRP2 at 50μM in vitro.Additionally,at 100 mg/kg,quercetin markedly increased Mrp2 expression in the small intestine of rats.However,there was no significant change in phenolsulfonphthalein pharmacokinetics due to single-(50,100,or 250 mg/kg)or multiple-dose(50,100,or 250 mg/kg for seven days)quercetin co-administration.By contrast,a significant interaction caused by quercetin(100 mg/kg)was observed in the absorption of docetaxel.The results suggested that although quercetin modulates the function and expression of MRP2 in vitro,it may have a low potential of Mrp2-mediated interaction and present negligible safety concerns related to the interaction.展开更多
Transference of CuO species and thermal solid-solid interaction in CuO/CeO2-Al2O3 catalyst prepared by an impregnation method were characterized by in-situ XRD, Raman spectroscopy and H2-TPR techniques. For the cataly...Transference of CuO species and thermal solid-solid interaction in CuO/CeO2-Al2O3 catalyst prepared by an impregnation method were characterized by in-situ XRD, Raman spectroscopy and H2-TPR techniques. For the catalyst calcined at 300℃, two kinds of CuO species coexist on the surface, that is, highly dispersed and bulk CuO crystalline phase. Four kinds of CuO species are present for the catalyst calcined at 600 ℃, ： （1） highly dispersed CuO, （2） bulk CuO on the surface, （3） bulk CuO in the internal layer of CeO2, and （4） CuAl2O4 formed from CuO-Al2O3 interaction. For the catalyst calcined at 800 ℃,C, besides very little highly dispersed and bulk CuO on the surface, most of the CuO has transferred into the internal layer of CeO2 and the mass of CuAl2O4 are increased. At 900 ℃,, all of CuO has diffused into the internal layer of CeO2 and formed CuAl2O4. The results show that the distribution of CuO species in the catalysts depends on the calcination temperature; the different CuO species can be effectively confirmed by in-situ XRD, Raman spectroscopy and H2-TPR techniques.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.52106259)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2024MS013)Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi (Program No.2022LL-JB-08)。
文摘Green hydrogen is urgently required for sustainable development of human beings and rational construction of heterostructures holds great promising for photocatalytic hydrogen generation.Herein,2D/2D WSe_(2)/ZnIn_(2)S_(4) heterostructures with strong hetero-interface interaction and abundant contact were constructed via an impregnation-annealing strategy.Efficient charge transfer from ZnIn_(2)S_(4) to WSe_(2)was evidenced by transient absorption spectroscopy in crafted heterostructures owing to the tight and2D face-to-face contact.As a result,the prepared WSe_(2)/ZnIn_(2)S_(4) heterostructures exhibited boosted photocatalytic performance and a highest hydrogen evolution rate of 3.377 mmol/(g h)was achieved with an apparent quantum yield of 45.7%at 420 nm.The work not only provides new strategies to achieve efficient 2D/2D heterostructures but also paves the way for the development of green hydrogen in the future.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China,No.32101020(to JL)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,Nos.ZR2020MC071(to JL),ZR2023MH327(to HZ)+1 种基金the Integrated Project of Major Research Plan of National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.92249303(to PL)the Natural Science Foundation of Qingdao,No.23-2-1-193-zyyd-jch(to HZ)。
文摘The protein connector enhancer of kinase suppressor of Ras 2(CNKSR2),present in both the postsynaptic density and cytoplasm of neurons,is a scaffolding protein with several protein-binding domains.Variants of the CNKSR2 gene have been implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders,particularly intellectual disability,although the precise mechanism involved has not yet been fully understood.Research has demonstrated that CNKSR2 plays a role in facilitating the localization of postsynaptic density protein complexes to the membrane,thereby influencing synaptic signaling and the morphogenesis of dendritic spines.However,the function of CNKSR2 in the cytoplasm remains to be elucidated.In this study,we used immunoprecipitation and high-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to identify the interactors of CNKSR2.Through a combination of bioinformatic analysis and cytological experiments,we found that the CNKSR2 interactors were significantly enriched in the proteome of the centrosome.We also showed that CNKSR2 interacted with the microtubule protein DYNC1H1 and with the centrosome marker CEP290.Subsequent colocalization analysis confirmed the centrosomal localization of CNKSR2.When we downregulated CNKSR2 expression in mouse neuroblastoma cells(Neuro 2A),we observed significant changes in the expression of numerous centrosomal genes.This manipulation also affected centrosome-related functions,including cell size and shape,cell proliferation,and motility.Furthermore,we found that CNKSR2 interactors were highly enriched in de novo variants associated with intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder.Our findings establish a connection between CNKSR2 and the centrosome,and offer new insights into the underlying mechanisms of neurodevelopmental disorders.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12001424)the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province(2021JZ-21)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2020CBLY013)。
文摘Soliton molecules(SMs)of the(2+1)-dimensional generalized KonopelchenkoDubrovsky-Kaup-Kupershmidt(gKDKK)equation are found by utilizing a velocity resonance ansatz to N-soliton solutions,which can transform to asymmetric solitons upon assigning appropriate values to some parameters.Furthermore,a double-peaked lump solution can be constructed with breather degeneration approach.By applying a mixed technique of a resonance ansatz and conjugate complexes of partial parameters to multisoliton solutions,various kinds of interactional structures are constructed;There include the soliton molecule(SM),the breather molecule(BM)and the soliton-breather molecule(SBM).Graphical investigation and theoretical analysis show that the interactions composed of SM,BM and SBM are inelastic.
文摘L2 reading is not only an important channel for people to obtain information and knowledge,but also the main way for people to learn a foreign language.Reading information processing can be divided into controlled processing and automatic processing.Controlled information processing is a conscious and resource-intensive processing model,while automatic information processing is an unconscious and automatic processing model.This study investigates the characteristics and interactivity of controlled and automatic information processing in L2 reading,and explores the roles of controlled and automatic information processing strategies in improving L2 reading ability.The findings are as follows:(a)controlled and automatic information processing is interactive in L2 reading;and(b)the uses of controlled and automatic information processing strategies are beneficial to the improvement of the reading ability of L2 learners.This study has important theoretical and practical value in improving the efficiency of L2 reading teaching and learning.
基金partially supported by Creative Group of Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province (Grant No. 2021CFA030)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41872210)。
文摘To investigate the impacts of mineral composition on physical and mechanical properties of carbonate rocks,limestone specimens containing different contents in calcite and dolomite are selected to perform CO_(2)-water-rock reaction experiments.The X-ray Diffraction(XRD) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance(NMR) are carried out to examine the change characteristics of mineral dissolution and pore structure after reaction.The core flooding experiments with Fiber Bragg gratings are implemented to examine the stress sensitivity of carbonate rocks.The results show that the limestones containing pure calcite are more susceptible to acid dissolution compared to limestone containing impure dolomite.The calcite content in pure limestone decreases as the reaction undergoes.The dissolution of dolomite leads to the formation of calcite in impure limestone.Calcite dissolution leads to the formation of macropore and flow channels in pure limestone,while the effects of impure dolomite in impure limestone results in mesopore formation.When confining pressure is lower than 12 MPa,pure limestones demonstrate higher strain sensitivity coefficients compared to impure limestone containing dolomite after reaction.When confining pressure exceeds 12 MPa,the strain sensitivity coefficients of both pure and impure limestones become almost equal.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12061051 and 11965014)。
文摘The(2+1)-dimensional elliptic Toda equation is a high-dimensional generalization of the Toda lattice and a semidiscrete Kadomtsev–Petviashvili I equation.This paper focuses on investigating the resonant interactions between two breathers,a breather/lump and line solitons as well as lump molecules for the(2+1)-dimensional elliptic Toda equation.Based on the N-soliton solution,we obtain the hybrid solutions consisting of line solitons,breathers and lumps.Through the asymptotic analysis of these hybrid solutions,we derive the phase shifts of the breather,lump and line solitons before and after the interaction between a breather/lump and line solitons.By making the phase shifts infinite,we obtain the resonant solution of two breathers and the resonant solutions of a breather/lump and line solitons.Through the asymptotic analysis of these resonant solutions,we demonstrate that the resonant interactions exhibit the fusion,fission,time-localized breather and rogue lump phenomena.Utilizing the velocity resonance method,we obtain lump–soliton,lump–breather,lump–soliton–breather and lump–breather–breather molecules.The above works have not been reported in the(2+1)-dimensional discrete nonlinear wave equations.
文摘The interfacial interaction existing in the Ni ZrO 2 composite plating has been investigated. The experimental results show that no new phases were formed in the interfacial regions between matrix Ni and ZrO 2 particles, but an orbital interaction through the mutual overlap of the d orbits does exist in the interfacial regions between Ni atoms and Zr 3+ ions.
文摘A γ-TiAl alloy with nominal composition of Ti-47%Al（molar fraction） was directionally solidified in an alumina mould with an Y2O3 protective coating.The effects of processing parameters（melting temperature and interaction time） on the metal-coating interface,microstructure and chemical composition of the alloy were evaluated.The result shows that the Y2O3 protective coating exhibits an effective barrier capability to avoid direct contact between the mould base material and the TiAl melt,although the Y2O3 coating is found to suffer some erosion and be slightly dissolved by the molten TiAl due to the coating-metal interactions.The directionally solidified alloys were contaminated with Y and O,and Y2O3 inclusions were dispersed in the metal matrix.The reason for this metal contamination is the Y2O3 coating dissolution by the TiAl melt.One mode of the interaction between Y2O3 and the TiAl melt is dissolution of yttrium and atomic oxygen in the melt by reaction Y2O3（s）=2Y（in TiAl melt）＋3O（in TiAl melt）.Both the extent of alloy contamination and the volume fractions of Y2O3 inclusions depend on the melting temperature and the interaction time.
基金Projects(51704329,51705540) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2015CX005) supported by the Innovation Driven Plan of Central South University,China+1 种基金Project(B14034) supported by the National “111” Project,ChinaProject(2018TP1002) supported by the Collaborative Innovation Center for Clean and Efficient Utilization of Strategic Metal Mineral Resources,China
文摘This study investigated the effects of H2O2 treatment on xanthate interaction and flotation separation of chalcopyrite and pyrite by making use of a series of laboratory flotation experiments and surface analysis techniques.Flotation test results showed that H2O2 treatment influenced the flotation behaviors of the two minerals;however,flotation of pyrite was depressed more significantly than that of the chalcopyrite.Under well-controlled H2O2 concentration,the selective separation of chalcopyrite from pyrite was realized at pH 9.0,at which the recovery of chalcopyrite was over 84%and that of pyrite was less than 24%.Zeta potential,UV-visible and IR spectrum measurements revealed that the collector interacted differently with the two minerals after H2O2 treatment,and the surface of chalcopyrite adsorbed much greater amount of xanthate than that of the pyrite.IR and XPS analyses showed that the H2O2 treatment significantly changed the surface properties of pyrite to very hydrophilic species that inhibited the adsorption of collector and thus depressed the floatability of pyrite.While,the surface of chalcopyrite remained mildly inert to H2O2,as a result,the adsorption of xanthate and its oxidation to dixanthogen were very effective,which enhanced the flotation of chalcopyrite.
文摘Three experiments for the simulation of typhoon Sinlaku （2002） over the western North Pacific are performed in this study by using the Canadian Mesoscale Compressible Community （MC2） atmospheric model. The objective of these simulations is to investigate the air-sea interaction during extreme weather conditions, and to determine the sensitivity of the typhoon evolution to the sea surface temperature （SST） cooling induced by the typhoon. It is shown from the three experiments that the surface heat fluxes have a substantial influence on the slow-moving cyclone over its lifetime. When the SST in the East China coastal ocean becomes 1℃ cooler in the simulation, less latent heat and sensible heat fluxes from the underlying ocean to the cyclone tend to reduce the typhoon intensity. The cyclone is weakened by 7 hPa at the time of its peak intensity. The SST cooling also has impacts on the vertical structure of the typhoon by weakening the warm core and drying the eye wall. With a finer horizontal resolution of （1/6）° × （1/6）°, the model produces higher surface wind, and therefore more surface heat fluxes are emitted from the ocean surface to the cyclone, in the finer-resolution MC2 grid compared with the relatively lower resolution of 0.25° × 0.25° MC2 grid.
基金supported by Basic Science Research Pro-gram through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Science,ICT and Future Planning(NRF-2015R1A2A2A01002673)
文摘Quercetin is a biologically active flavonoid that has been used as a popular health supplement.It is reported that quercetin may cause flavonoid-drug interaction mediated by P-glycoprotein,the most predominant efflux transporter.In this study,we comprehensively evaluated the potential of the pharmacokinetic interaction of quercetin mediated by multidrug resistance-associated protein 2(MRP2),another major efflux transporter.MRP2-transfected MDCKII cells and LS174T cells were used to evaluate the potential inhibition and induction of MRP2 by quercetin in vitro.To evaluate the induction effect of quercetin on Mrp2 in vivo,Mrp2 mRNA expression in rat liver,kidney,and small intestinal tissues was determined after the oral administration of quercetin(50,100,or 250 mg/kg)for seven days.Mrp2-mediated interaction potential was also evaluated by the pharmacokinetic study of phenolsulfonphthalein in rats after single or multiple doses of quercetin.Additionally,the effect of quercetin on absorption of docetaxel,a P-glycoprotein and CYP3A4 substrate,was also evaluated.Quercetin inhibited the function of MRP2 at 10μM and induced the mRNA expression of MRP2 at 50μM in vitro.Additionally,at 100 mg/kg,quercetin markedly increased Mrp2 expression in the small intestine of rats.However,there was no significant change in phenolsulfonphthalein pharmacokinetics due to single-(50,100,or 250 mg/kg)or multiple-dose(50,100,or 250 mg/kg for seven days)quercetin co-administration.By contrast,a significant interaction caused by quercetin(100 mg/kg)was observed in the absorption of docetaxel.The results suggested that although quercetin modulates the function and expression of MRP2 in vitro,it may have a low potential of Mrp2-mediated interaction and present negligible safety concerns related to the interaction.
文摘Transference of CuO species and thermal solid-solid interaction in CuO/CeO2-Al2O3 catalyst prepared by an impregnation method were characterized by in-situ XRD, Raman spectroscopy and H2-TPR techniques. For the catalyst calcined at 300℃, two kinds of CuO species coexist on the surface, that is, highly dispersed and bulk CuO crystalline phase. Four kinds of CuO species are present for the catalyst calcined at 600 ℃, ： （1） highly dispersed CuO, （2） bulk CuO on the surface, （3） bulk CuO in the internal layer of CeO2, and （4） CuAl2O4 formed from CuO-Al2O3 interaction. For the catalyst calcined at 800 ℃,C, besides very little highly dispersed and bulk CuO on the surface, most of the CuO has transferred into the internal layer of CeO2 and the mass of CuAl2O4 are increased. At 900 ℃,, all of CuO has diffused into the internal layer of CeO2 and formed CuAl2O4. The results show that the distribution of CuO species in the catalysts depends on the calcination temperature; the different CuO species can be effectively confirmed by in-situ XRD, Raman spectroscopy and H2-TPR techniques.
