Drought is one of the abiotic stresses limiting the production of soybean(Glycine max).Elucidation of the genetic and molecular basis of the slow-wilting(SW)trait of this crop offers the prospect of its genetic improv...Drought is one of the abiotic stresses limiting the production of soybean(Glycine max).Elucidation of the genetic and molecular basis of the slow-wilting(SW)trait of this crop offers the prospect of its genetic improvement.A panel of 188 accessions and a set of recombinant inbred lines produced from a cross between cultivars Liaodou 14 and Liaodou 21 were used to identify quantitative-trait loci(QTL)associated with SW.Plants were genotyped by Specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing and seedling leaf wilting was assessed under three water-stress treatments.A genome-wide association study identified 26 SW-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs),including three located in a 248-kb linkage-disequilibrium(LD)block on chromosome 2.Linkage mapping revealed a major-effect QTL,qSW2,associated with all three treatments and adjacent to the LD block.Fine mapping in a BC_(2)F_(3) population derived from a backcross between Liaodou 21 and R26 confined qSW2 to a 60-kb interval.Gene expression and sequence variation analysis identified the gene Glyma.02 g218100,encoding an auxin transcription factor,as a candidate gene for qSW2.Our results will contribute significantly to improving drought-resistant soybean cultivars by providing genetic information and resources.展开更多
Improving plant resistance to Verticillium wilt(VW),which causes massive losses in Gossypium hirsutum,is a global challenge.Crop plants need to efficiently allocate their limited energy resources to maintain a balance...Improving plant resistance to Verticillium wilt(VW),which causes massive losses in Gossypium hirsutum,is a global challenge.Crop plants need to efficiently allocate their limited energy resources to maintain a balance between growth and defense.However,few transcriptional regulators specifically respond to Verticillium dahliae and the underlying mechanism has not been identified in cotton.In this study,we found that the that expression of most R2R3-MYB members in cotton is significantly changed by V.dahliae infection relative to the other MYB types.One novel R2R3-MYB transcription factor(TF)that specifically responds to V.dahliae,GhMYB3D5,was identified.GhMYB3D5 was not expressed in 15 cotton tissues under normal conditions,but it was dramatically induced by V.dahliae stress.We functionally characterized its positive role and underlying mechanism in VW resistance.Upon V.dahliae infection,the up-regulated GhMYB3D5 bound to the GhADH1 promoter and activated GhADH1expression.In addition,GhMYB3D5 physically interacted with GhADH1 and further enhanced the transcriptional activation of GhADH1.Consequently,the transcriptional regulatory module GhMYB3D5-GhADH1 then promoted lignin accumulation by improving the transcriptional levels of genes related to lignin biosynthesis(GhPAL,GhC4H,Gh4CL,and GhPOD/GhLAC)in cotton,thereby enhancing cotton VW resistance.Our results demonstrated that the GhMYB3D5 promotes defense-induced lignin accumulation,which can be regarded as an effective way to orchestrate plant immunity and growth.展开更多
The oil palm (Elaeisguineensis Jacq) is used worldwide in commercial agriculture for the production of palm oil, palm kernel oil and palm wine. It produces more oil per plant than any other oil-producing crop in the w...The oil palm (Elaeisguineensis Jacq) is used worldwide in commercial agriculture for the production of palm oil, palm kernel oil and palm wine. It produces more oil per plant than any other oil-producing crop in the world. Production is constrained by several factors among which pests/diseases are of utmost importance. Vascular wilt (VW) caused by Fusarium oxysporum is the most devastating disease infecting this crop. Its soil-borne ecology has made the use of fungicides to manage this disease too expensive and inpragmatic. There is need for concerted research in the breeding and selection of wilt-tolerant progenies as an essential step in the management of Fusarium wilt disease. The study aims to assess the incidence and severity of vascular wilt among tested oil palm progenies, to evaluate the reduction in yield caused by the disease in the susceptible progenies and to identify the wilt-tolerant, high-yielding progenies. The study was carried out at Pamol Plantations Limited (PPL) in Ndian Estate (Ndian Division), in the Southwest Region of Cameroon. Three field trials were evaluated for tolerance/susceptibility to Fusarium wilt. Each trial consisted of 15 oil palm progenies replicated 4 times. Each progeny had 25 oil palm stands in each replicate. Hence, a total of 1500 oil palm stands were assessed. The experimental design was a randomized complete block (RCB) with trial codes: Trial 2001/1, planted in 2001;Trial 2001/2, planted in 2002;Trial 2001/3, planted in 2003. Each trail had an area of 12 ha, with a plant density of 143 palms·ha−1. Wilt incidence, severity, index, and yield were evaluated on 45 progenies from the 3 trails after identifying Fusarium oxysporum from oil palm plant part. Data was subjected to analysis of variance, Fischer’s least significant difference test (LSD) for mean separation. Identification of Fusarium was based on descriptive analysis. Incidence of VW in the 3 trials ranged from 1% - 39%. Also, 45% of infected plants were from progeny 676 while 1% was from progenies 689, 693, 694 and 710. Disease severity was from 0.9 in progeny 686 to 4.55 in 676. Wilt index ranged from 131 for progeny 694 and 710 to 495 for progenies 705. Out of the 45 progenies evaluated, 27 were tolerant (1 < 100) and 18 susceptible (1 ≥ 100). Within the tolerant progenies, 4 were significant (1 < 20) while 5 out of 18 were significantly susceptible (1 ≥ 185). Mean yield reduction of the susceptible progenies was 34.8% while in the tolerant progenies, it increased by 9.5% when compared to their controls. Progenies 702, 703 and 709 are recommended for planting based on the level of tolerance to Fusarium wilt disease and yield.展开更多
Strawberry Fusarium wilt (SFW) is a systematic soil-borne disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.fragaria (Fof),which infects the vascular bundles,blocking water and nutrient transport from roots to the aboveground...Strawberry Fusarium wilt (SFW) is a systematic soil-borne disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.fragaria (Fof),which infects the vascular bundles,blocking water and nutrient transport from roots to the aboveground.It is a severe pathogen which spreads rapidly and destroys strawberry production.Finding a way to control this disease is of great scientific value and practical importance.In this study,three fungi were isolated from the vascular tissues of sick strawberries in the field.After DNA sequencing,they were identified as Fof,Aspergillus fumigatus and Trichoderma harzianum,respectively,among which the first two are pathogens and the third is a probiotic.All fungi were controlled by thiophanate-methyl (TM),a commercial fungicide.On PDA medium,20 mg·L^(-1)5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA),a natural non-protein amino acid,promoted T.harzianum proliferation,but inhibited Fof and A.fumigatus.In confrontation test,the growth of Fof or A.fumigatus was inhibited by T.harzianum and exogenous ALA promoted T.harzianum growth but significantly inhibited the pathogen growth.When three species of fungi were separately or combinedly inoculated on healthy strawberry plants,T.harzianum promoted plant growth and development while Fof or A.fumigatus caused growth retardation,where Fof directly caused leaf yellowing and plant wilting.When the plants inoculated with different fungus were treated with ALA,the results turned out that ALA alleviated SFW symptoms by bidirectionally promoting T.harzianum proliferation and inhibiting Fof and A.fumigatus.Thus,ALA might be used in comprehensively controlling SFW in strawberry industry.展开更多
Fusarium species were reported to produce biofilms.Biofilms are superficial societies of microbes bounded and endangered by being situated or taking place outside a cell or cells.The most destructive fungal diseases c...Fusarium species were reported to produce biofilms.Biofilms are superficial societies of microbes bounded and endangered by being situated or taking place outside a cell or cells.The most destructive fungal diseases caused by phytopathogens are as a result of biofilms formation.Fusarium wilt of banana(Panama disease)is caused by a soil-borne pathogen called Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense.Fusarium oxysporum occurs in a form of a species complex(FOSC)which encompasses a crowd of strains.Horizontal genetic factor transfer may donate to the observed assortment in pathogenic strains,while sexual reproduction is unknown in the FOSC.Fusarium wilt is a notorious disease on several crops worldwide.Yield loss caused by this pathogen is huge,and significant to destroy crop yields annually,thereby affecting the producer countries in various continents of the world.The disease is also resistant to various synthetic chemical fungicides.However,excessive use of synthetic fungicides during disease control could be lethal to humans,animals,and plants.This calls for alternative eco-friendly management of this disease by targeting the biofilms formation and finally suppressing this devastating phytopathogen.In this review,we,therefore,described the damage caused by Fusarium wilt disease,the concept of filamentous fungal biofilms,classical control strategies,sustainable disease control strategies using essential oils,and prevention and control of vegetables Fusarium wilt diseases.展开更多
Lignin metabolism plays a pivotal role in plant defense against pathogens and is always positively correlated as a response to pathogen infection. Thus, understanding resistance genes against plant pathogens depends o...Lignin metabolism plays a pivotal role in plant defense against pathogens and is always positively correlated as a response to pathogen infection. Thus, understanding resistance genes against plant pathogens depends on a genetic analysis of the lignin response. This study used eight Upland cotton lines to construct a multi-parent advanced generation intercross(MAGIC) population(n=280), which exhibited peculiar characteristics from the convergence of various alleles coding for advantageous traits. In order to measure the lignin response to Verticillium wilt(LRVW), the artificial disease nursery(ADN) and rotation nursery(RN) were prepared for MAGIC population planting in four environments. The stem lignin contents were collected, and the LRVW was measured with the lignin value of ADN/RN in each environment, which showed significant variations. We employed 9 323 high-quality single-nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) markers obtained from the Cotton-SNP63K array for genotyping the MAGIC population. The SNPs were distributed through the whole genome with 4.78 SNP/Mb density, ranging from 1.14(ChrA06) to 10.08(ChrD08). In addition, a genome-wide association study was performed using a Mixed Linear Model(MLM) for LRVW. Three stable quantitative trait loci(QTLs), qLRVW-A04, qLRVW-A10, and qLRVW-D05, were identified in more than two environments. Two key candidate genes, Ghi_D05G01046 and Ghi_D05G01221, were selected within the QTLs through the combination of variations in the coding sequence, induced expression patterns, and function annotations. Both genes presented nonsynonymous mutations in coding regions and were strongly induced by Verticillium dahliae. Ghi_D05G01046 encodes a leucine-rich extensin(LRx) protein involved in Arabidopsis cell wall biosynthesis and organization. Ghi_D05G01221 encodes a transcriptional co-repressor novel interactor of novel interactor of jasmonic acid ZIM-domain(JAZ–NINJA), which functions in the jasmonic acid(JA) signaling pathway. In summary, the study creates valuable genetic resources for breeding and QTL mapping and opens up a new perspective to uncover the genetic basis of VW resistance in Upland cotton.展开更多
Tomato spotted wilt virus(TSWV)is an important virus that has rapidly spread throughout the world.TSWV seriously hinders the production of tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)and other plants.In order to discover more new gen...Tomato spotted wilt virus(TSWV)is an important virus that has rapidly spread throughout the world.TSWV seriously hinders the production of tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)and other plants.In order to discover more new genes and metabolites related to TSWV resistance in tomato plants,the genes and metabolites related to the resistance of tomato plants inoculated with TSWV were identified and studied herein.The tomato TSWV-resistance line YNAU335(335)and TSWV-susceptible lines NO5 and 96172I(961)were used as the transcriptome and metabolome research materials.Transcriptomic and metabolomic techniques were used to analyze the gene and metabolite response mechanisms to TSWV inoculation.A total of 3566,2951,and 2674 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified in lines 335,NO5,and961,respectively.Meanwhile,208,228,and 273 differentially accumulated metabolites(DAMs)were identified in lines 335,NO5,and 961,respectively.In line 335,the number of DEGs was the highest,but the number of DAMs was lowest.Furthermore,903 DEGs and 94 DAMs were common to the response to TSWV in the three inbred lines.The 903 DEGs and 94 DAMs were mainly enriched in the plant hormone signal transduction and flavonoid synthesis pathways.In addition,many nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeat genes and transcription factors were found that might be involved in the TSWV response.These results provide new insights into TSWV resistance mechanisms.展开更多
Verticillium wilt(VW)is a common soilborne disease of cotton.It occurs mainly in the seedling and bollopening stages and severely impairs the yield and quality of the fiber.Rapid and accurate identification and evalua...Verticillium wilt(VW)is a common soilborne disease of cotton.It occurs mainly in the seedling and bollopening stages and severely impairs the yield and quality of the fiber.Rapid and accurate identification and evaluation of VW severity(VWS)forms the basis of field cotton VW control,which has great significance to cotton production.Cotton VWS values are conventionally measured using in-field observations and laboratory test diagnoses,which require abundant time and professional expertise.Remote and proximal sensing using imagery and spectrometry have great potential for this purpose.In this study,we performed in situ investigations at three experimental sites in 2019 and 2021 and collected VWS values,in situ images,and spectra of 361 cotton canopies.To estimate cotton VWS values at the canopy scale,we developed two deep learning approaches that use in situ images and spectra,respectively.For the imagery-based method,given the high complexity of the in situ environment,we first transformed the task of healthy and diseased leaf recognition to the task of cotton field scene classification and then built a cotton field scenes(CFS)dataset with over 1000 images for each scene-unit type.We performed pretrained convolutional neural networks(CNNs)training and validation using the CFS dataset and then used the networks after training to classify scene units for each canopy.The results showed that the Dark Net-19 model achieved satisfactory performance in CFS classification and VWS values estimation(R^(2)=0.91,root-mean-square error(RMSE)=6.35%).For the spectroscopy-based method,we first designed a one-dimensional regression network(1D CNN)with four convolutional layers.After dimensionality reduction by sensitive-band selection and principal component analysis,we fitted the 1D CNN with varying numbers of principal components(PCs).The 1D CNN model with the top 20 PCs performed best(R^(2)=0.93,RMSE=5.77%).These deep learning-driven approaches offer the potential of assessing crop disease severity from spatial and spectral perspectives.展开更多
Bacterial wilt （BW） caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is an important constraint to peanut （Arachis hypogaea L.） production in several Asian and African countries, and planting BW-resistant cultivars is the most fe...Bacterial wilt （BW） caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is an important constraint to peanut （Arachis hypogaea L.） production in several Asian and African countries, and planting BW-resistant cultivars is the most feasible method for controlling the disease. Although several BW-resistant peanut germplasm accessions have been identified, the genetic diversity among these has not been properly investigated, which has impeded efficient utilization. In this study, the genetic relationships of 31 peanut genotypes with various levels of resistance to BW were assessed based on SSR and AFLP analyses. Twenty-nine of 78 SSR primers and 32 of 126 AFLP primer combinations employed in this study were polymorphic amongst the peanut genotypes tested. The SSR primers amplified 91 polymorphic loci in total with an average of 3.14 alleles per primer, and the AFLP primers amplified 72 polymorphic loci in total with an average of 2.25 alleles per primer. Four SSR primers （14H06, 7G02, 3A8, 16C6） and one AFLP primer （P1M62） were found to be most efficient in detecting diversity. The genetic distance between pairs of genotypes ranged from 0.12 to 0.94 with an average of 0.53 in the SSR data and from 0.06 to 0.57 with an average of 0.25 in the AFLP data. The SSR-based estimates of the genetic distance were generally larger than that based on the AFLP data. The genotypes belonging to subsp, fastigiata possessed wider diversity than that of subsp, hypogaea. The clustering of genotypes based on the SSR and AFLP data were similar but the SSR clustering was more consistent with morphological classification ofA. hypogaea. Optimum diverse genotypes of both subsp, hypogaea and subsp.fastigiata can be recommended based on this analysis for developing mapping populations and breeding for high yielding and resistant cultivars.展开更多
[Objective] The aim of this study was to screen bacteria strains with stable antagonistic effect against watermelon fusarium wilt from soil and investigate the biological control of watermelon fusarium wilt by applyin...[Objective] The aim of this study was to screen bacteria strains with stable antagonistic effect against watermelon fusarium wilt from soil and investigate the biological control of watermelon fusarium wilt by applying the antagonistic bacteria strains into soil.[Method] Actinomycete strains,fluorescent bacteria strains and bacillus strains were isolated from soil samples by the dilution-plate method,then its resistance was screened respectively by the improved confront culture method after colonies were purified.Finally,bacteria strains with better antagonistic effect were identified.[Result] 29 bacteria strains with stable antagonistic effect against watermelon fusarium wilt were screened from 39 soil samples,which contained 15 fluorescent bacteria strains,5 bacillus strains and 9 actinomycete strains.Furthermore,three antagonistic bacteria strains of FM2,FM3 and FM4 with the strongest antagonism were identified primarily.[Conclusion] According to cultural characteristics,morphological observation,biochemical and physiological tests,FM2 belongs to bacillus subtilis,while FM3 and FM4 belong to micrococcus.展开更多
[Objective] Aimed to lay a scientific foundation for eggplant resistant breeding, the resistant field identification of eggplant resources to Verticillium wilt was carried out. [Method] Test materials were 35 eggplant...[Objective] Aimed to lay a scientific foundation for eggplant resistant breeding, the resistant field identification of eggplant resources to Verticillium wilt was carried out. [Method] Test materials were 35 eggplant resources, which were collected from various places in Sichuan province since 2001. These eggplant resources were made resistance evaluation to Verticillium wilt by watering injured roots with Verticillium dahliae spore suspension. [Result] The eggplant resources had good resistance to Verticillium wilt. Among 35 evaluated resources, 10 resources like 242-9OP, 41-1,35-R5, etc. were resistant, while 23 resources like 68 ×47, Zizaoqie, 32-1, etc. were tolerant. Some resistant resources like 41-1,35-R5, 47-R1, etc. had been transferred into new resistant varieties like EF9910, etc. by breeding institutes. [Conclusion] The resistant level and future resistance breeding direction of eggplant resources in Sichuan were clarified by the resistance evaluation of eggplant resources so as to provide a technical guidance for eggplant resistance breeding.展开更多
[Objectives] This paper aims to explore the possibility to intercrop garlic with pomegranate tree to control pomegranate wilt.[Methods] Root exudates of garlic is cultivated in 1/5 concentration of MS solution and dis...[Objectives] This paper aims to explore the possibility to intercrop garlic with pomegranate tree to control pomegranate wilt.[Methods] Root exudates of garlic is cultivated in 1/5 concentration of MS solution and distilled water is examined in lab to test their effect to growth of mycelia of pomegranate wilt pathogen（Ceratocystis fimbriata）and multiplication of Bacillus subtilis.[Results] The result shows that garlic root exudates whatever cultivated in MS solution or distilled water could not inhibit or promote mycelia growth of C.fimbriata.However,garlic root exudates cultivated in both methods effectively promote multiplication of B.subtilis.[Conclusions] It is suggested that intercropping garlic with pomegranate tree by combining application B.subtilis could be a promising way to prevent pomegranate wilt spread in practice.展开更多
[Objective] The antifungal bacteria of plant wilt disease was screened and identified to provide foundation for the study on bio-control preparation of plant wilt disease.[Method] Confrontation culture method was adop...[Objective] The antifungal bacteria of plant wilt disease was screened and identified to provide foundation for the study on bio-control preparation of plant wilt disease.[Method] Confrontation culture method was adopted to screen the bio-control bacteria with good antifungal effect against plant wilt disease,Biolog bacteria automatic identification system and 16S rDNA sequence analysis method were selected to identify its taxonomic status,the biological safety of the strain towards cotton and mice was also determined.[Result] 12 bacterial strains were isolated from rhizosphere of cotton.Among those strains,5 isolates showed antifungal activity against F.decemcellulare Brick,F.oxysporum f.sp.Diathi,F.oxysporum f.sp.vasinfectum.The antifungal effect of KL-1 strain against three target strains of pathogen reached 69.09%,80.78% and 78.89% respectively.Identification results of Biolog bacteria automatic identification system and 16S rDNA sequence analysis method showed that KL-1strain was Bacillus amyloliquefaciens;primary determination results of biological safety also showed that the strain KL-1 was safe and non-toxic towards cotton and mice.[Conclusion] KL-1strain of B.amyloliquefaciens had antifungal effect against several pathogens of plant wilt diseases,which was safe and non-toxic towards cotton and mice,being the bio-control strain with research and development potential.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to investigated the effects of seedling-cake with AMF on resistance of pepper （Capsicum annuum L.） to bacterial wilt. [Methods] A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the dynamics of myco...[Objective] The aim was to investigated the effects of seedling-cake with AMF on resistance of pepper （Capsicum annuum L.） to bacterial wilt. [Methods] A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the dynamics of mycorrhizal colonization, disease index, morbidity rate, control effect and several agronomic traits of mycorrhizal seedlings after inoculation with RS in two kinds of seeding-cakes with AMF. [Results] Two kinds of seedling-cakes formed steadily mycorrhizal colonization after inoculation, which enhanced disease-resistance and decreased morbidity rate and disease index in different degrees. What’s more, the performance of self-made seedling-cakes was obviously better than that of commercial seedling-cakes. [Conclusions] Self-made seedling-cakes with AMF have superior performance on bacterial wilt resistance of pepper, which should be made use of in other crops extensively.展开更多
Molecular identification on diploid and tetraploid watermelon breeding lines which were resistant to Fusarium wilt was carried out with the published dCAPS marker ＂4451_fon＂ which was closely linked with resistance ...Molecular identification on diploid and tetraploid watermelon breeding lines which were resistant to Fusarium wilt was carried out with the published dCAPS marker ＂4451_fon＂ which was closely linked with resistance gene of Fusarium wilt race 1. The results showed that all the diploid and tetraploid lines expressed as re- sistant genotype, which were defined as Fusarium wilt-resistant materials. The re- sults were consistent with that of artificial inoculation identification. Molecular identifi- cation results also indicated that the resistant lines were homozygote, and the Fusarium wilt-resistant gene would not separate or lose during the future self- crossed purification. Therefore, resistance selection would not be necessary in their progeny populations. The study results thought that dCAPS marker ＂4451_fon＂ could be applied on molecular marker assisted selection for Fusarium wilt resistance breeding in watermelon to increase breeding selection efficiency and accelerate breeding progress.展开更多
Protein 25a2 is the antifungal peptide of cotton Verticillium wilt which was isolated from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. The amino acid sequence of antifungal peptide 25a2 was analyzed using bioinformatics tools, and th...Protein 25a2 is the antifungal peptide of cotton Verticillium wilt which was isolated from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. The amino acid sequence of antifungal peptide 25a2 was analyzed using bioinformatics tools, and the characters of signal peptides, transmembrane topological structura, physicochemical signatures, protein domain, secondary and tertiary structure of protein were predicted. The results showed that 25a2 was a secreted protein, the sequence of which included a signal peptide in N end and a transmembrane domain in C end. The predicted secondary structure showed that the antibacterial peptide was mainly free random coils, belonging to mixed protein, three-dimensional model of 25a2 was a compact ball. These results showed that the most possible action mechanism of antifungal peptide 25a2 might be ＂carpet＂ model.展开更多
[ Objective ] The study aimed to explore a new way for the control of Tomato Fusarium Wilt. [ Method ] Different solvents were used to prepare the ex-tracts of marigold, and the inhibitory effects of different extract...[ Objective ] The study aimed to explore a new way for the control of Tomato Fusarium Wilt. [ Method ] Different solvents were used to prepare the ex-tracts of marigold, and the inhibitory effects of different extraction solvents and different extraction parts of marigold against Tomato Fusar/um Wilt were compared. [ Result ] Among different solvent extracts of marigold, chloroform extracts had the strongest inhibitory effects against the growth of the pathogen; among the chloro- form extracts from different parts of marigold, root extract had the most obvious inhibitory effect against the disease, followed by flower and leaf extracts, and the in- hibitory effect of stem extract was the weakest. [ Conclusion ] The active components of marigold have inhibitory effect against Tomato Fusarium Wilt, and the plant has good development prospects and application value.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to isolate and purify the antifungal protein against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp niveum （FON） from Bacillus subtilis XG-I. [Method] The crude protein was obtained by using fractional precip...[Objective] This study aimed to isolate and purify the antifungal protein against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp niveum （FON） from Bacillus subtilis XG-I. [Method] The crude protein was obtained by using fractional precipitation with am- monium sulfate, then chromatography using both DEAE-Sepharose FF anion ex- change and Sephacryl S-100 gel filtration columns was adopted for further purifica- tion of the protein, followed by MALDI-TOF-MS analysis of the structure of the at- tained protein which was antagonistic to FON. [Result] The result from MALDI-TOF- MS analysis suggested that the antifungal protein extracted from strain XG-1 was highly homologous to the flagellin （gi114278900） deriving from B. subtilis, with a pro- tein score of 248 and a coverage rate of 63%. It was thus speculated that this an- tagonistic protein was a kind of flagellin with a molecular mass of 30.6 kD. [Conclusion] The results from this study provide theoretical basis for clarifying the mechanisms of the action of strain XG-1 as well as important references for the preven- tion and control of watermelon Fusarium wilt.展开更多
In our previous studies, we identified 3 Trichoderma strains with anti-Fusarium oxysporum activity, including T. asperellum 525, T. harzianum 610, and T. pseudokoningii 886. Here, we evaluated the effects of these 3 T...In our previous studies, we identified 3 Trichoderma strains with anti-Fusarium oxysporum activity, including T. asperellum 525, T. harzianum 610, and T. pseudokoningii 886. Here, we evaluated the effects of these 3 Trichoderma strains on preventing cucumber fusarium wilt through pot culture and greenhouse culture experiments. All 3 Trichoderma strains demonstrated higher control effects toward cucumber fusarium wilt than previous studies, with efficacies over 78%. Additionally, inoculation with the 3 Trichoderma strains significantly promoted the quality and yield of cucumbers. Among the 3 strains, Trichoderma 866 was the most effective, with disease control efficacy of 78.64% and a cucumber yield increase of 33%. Furthermore, seedlings inoculated with Trichoderma exhibited significantly increased measures of plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, aboveground fresh weight, underground fresh weight, chlorophyll content, and nitric nitrogen content, as well as the activities of several stress-resistance enzymes, including superoxide dismutase(SOD), peroxidase(POD), catalase(CAT), polyphenol oxidase(PPO), and ascorbate oxidase(AAO). In addition, the plants inoculated with Trichoderma showed decreased cell membrane permeability and malondialdehyde(MDA) content in the leaves. Together, our results suggest that T. asperellum 525, T. harzianum 610, and T. pseudokoningii 886 inoculations inhibit F. oxysporum infection, stimulate the metabolism in cucumbers, and enhance the activities of stress-resistance enzymes, which consequently promote the growth of cucumber plants, prevent cucumber fusarium wilt, and improve the yield and quality of cucumbers. T. harzianum is a commonly used biocontrol fungus, while few studies have focused on T. asperellum or T. koningense. In this study, strains of T. asperellum and T. pseudokoningii showed excellent plant disease prevention and growth promoting effects on cucumber, indicating that they also have great potential as biocontrol fungi.展开更多
This study is aimed at assessing the ability of two endophytic bacteria originally isolated from healthy oil palm roots, Pseudomonas sp. （UPMP3） and Burkholderia sp. （UPMB3） to induce resistance in susceptible Ber...This study is aimed at assessing the ability of two endophytic bacteria originally isolated from healthy oil palm roots, Pseudomonas sp. （UPMP3） and Burkholderia sp. （UPMB3） to induce resistance in susceptible Berangan banana against Fusarium oxysporum race 4 （FocR4）. Increased accumulation of resistance-related enzymes such as peroxidase （PO）, phenylalanine ammonia lyase （PAL）, lignithioglycolic acid （LTGA）, and pathogenesis-related （PR） proteins （ehitinase and β-1,3-glucanase） has been observed in plantlets treated with endophytic bacteria UPMP3 and UPMB3 singly or as mixture under glasshouse conditions. Pre-inoculation of banana plantlets with UPMP3 showed a significant reduction in Fusarium wilt incidence 72 d after challenged inoculation with FocR4. UPMB3 was less effective in suppressing Fusarium wilt compared to UPMP3, whereas, the mixture of both endophytes showed an intermediate effect. Based on these results, it is concluded that UPMP3 could be a promising biological control agent that can trigger resistance against Fusarium wilt in susceptible Berangan banana.展开更多
基金The study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32101795,32301782)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0100201-01)+2 种基金Liaoning Provincial Major Special Project of Agricultural Science and Technology(2022JH1/10200002,2021JH1/10400038)Key Research and Development Plan of Liaoning Science and Technology Department(2021JH2/1020027)Shenyang Seed Industry Innovation Project(22-318-2-12).
文摘Drought is one of the abiotic stresses limiting the production of soybean(Glycine max).Elucidation of the genetic and molecular basis of the slow-wilting(SW)trait of this crop offers the prospect of its genetic improvement.A panel of 188 accessions and a set of recombinant inbred lines produced from a cross between cultivars Liaodou 14 and Liaodou 21 were used to identify quantitative-trait loci(QTL)associated with SW.Plants were genotyped by Specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing and seedling leaf wilting was assessed under three water-stress treatments.A genome-wide association study identified 26 SW-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs),including three located in a 248-kb linkage-disequilibrium(LD)block on chromosome 2.Linkage mapping revealed a major-effect QTL,qSW2,associated with all three treatments and adjacent to the LD block.Fine mapping in a BC_(2)F_(3) population derived from a backcross between Liaodou 21 and R26 confined qSW2 to a 60-kb interval.Gene expression and sequence variation analysis identified the gene Glyma.02 g218100,encoding an auxin transcription factor,as a candidate gene for qSW2.Our results will contribute significantly to improving drought-resistant soybean cultivars by providing genetic information and resources.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF1001403)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province,China(C2022204205)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32372194)the National Top Talent Project and Hebei Top Talent,China。
文摘Improving plant resistance to Verticillium wilt(VW),which causes massive losses in Gossypium hirsutum,is a global challenge.Crop plants need to efficiently allocate their limited energy resources to maintain a balance between growth and defense.However,few transcriptional regulators specifically respond to Verticillium dahliae and the underlying mechanism has not been identified in cotton.In this study,we found that the that expression of most R2R3-MYB members in cotton is significantly changed by V.dahliae infection relative to the other MYB types.One novel R2R3-MYB transcription factor(TF)that specifically responds to V.dahliae,GhMYB3D5,was identified.GhMYB3D5 was not expressed in 15 cotton tissues under normal conditions,but it was dramatically induced by V.dahliae stress.We functionally characterized its positive role and underlying mechanism in VW resistance.Upon V.dahliae infection,the up-regulated GhMYB3D5 bound to the GhADH1 promoter and activated GhADH1expression.In addition,GhMYB3D5 physically interacted with GhADH1 and further enhanced the transcriptional activation of GhADH1.Consequently,the transcriptional regulatory module GhMYB3D5-GhADH1 then promoted lignin accumulation by improving the transcriptional levels of genes related to lignin biosynthesis(GhPAL,GhC4H,Gh4CL,and GhPOD/GhLAC)in cotton,thereby enhancing cotton VW resistance.Our results demonstrated that the GhMYB3D5 promotes defense-induced lignin accumulation,which can be regarded as an effective way to orchestrate plant immunity and growth.
文摘The oil palm (Elaeisguineensis Jacq) is used worldwide in commercial agriculture for the production of palm oil, palm kernel oil and palm wine. It produces more oil per plant than any other oil-producing crop in the world. Production is constrained by several factors among which pests/diseases are of utmost importance. Vascular wilt (VW) caused by Fusarium oxysporum is the most devastating disease infecting this crop. Its soil-borne ecology has made the use of fungicides to manage this disease too expensive and inpragmatic. There is need for concerted research in the breeding and selection of wilt-tolerant progenies as an essential step in the management of Fusarium wilt disease. The study aims to assess the incidence and severity of vascular wilt among tested oil palm progenies, to evaluate the reduction in yield caused by the disease in the susceptible progenies and to identify the wilt-tolerant, high-yielding progenies. The study was carried out at Pamol Plantations Limited (PPL) in Ndian Estate (Ndian Division), in the Southwest Region of Cameroon. Three field trials were evaluated for tolerance/susceptibility to Fusarium wilt. Each trial consisted of 15 oil palm progenies replicated 4 times. Each progeny had 25 oil palm stands in each replicate. Hence, a total of 1500 oil palm stands were assessed. The experimental design was a randomized complete block (RCB) with trial codes: Trial 2001/1, planted in 2001;Trial 2001/2, planted in 2002;Trial 2001/3, planted in 2003. Each trail had an area of 12 ha, with a plant density of 143 palms·ha−1. Wilt incidence, severity, index, and yield were evaluated on 45 progenies from the 3 trails after identifying Fusarium oxysporum from oil palm plant part. Data was subjected to analysis of variance, Fischer’s least significant difference test (LSD) for mean separation. Identification of Fusarium was based on descriptive analysis. Incidence of VW in the 3 trials ranged from 1% - 39%. Also, 45% of infected plants were from progeny 676 while 1% was from progenies 689, 693, 694 and 710. Disease severity was from 0.9 in progeny 686 to 4.55 in 676. Wilt index ranged from 131 for progeny 694 and 710 to 495 for progenies 705. Out of the 45 progenies evaluated, 27 were tolerant (1 < 100) and 18 susceptible (1 ≥ 100). Within the tolerant progenies, 4 were significant (1 < 20) while 5 out of 18 were significantly susceptible (1 ≥ 185). Mean yield reduction of the susceptible progenies was 34.8% while in the tolerant progenies, it increased by 9.5% when compared to their controls. Progenies 702, 703 and 709 are recommended for planting based on the level of tolerance to Fusarium wilt disease and yield.
基金funded by the Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.32172512)the Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund[Grant No.CX(20)2023]+1 种基金the Jiangsu Special Fund for Frontier Foundation Research of Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutralization (Grant No.BK20220005)a project funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions。
文摘Strawberry Fusarium wilt (SFW) is a systematic soil-borne disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.fragaria (Fof),which infects the vascular bundles,blocking water and nutrient transport from roots to the aboveground.It is a severe pathogen which spreads rapidly and destroys strawberry production.Finding a way to control this disease is of great scientific value and practical importance.In this study,three fungi were isolated from the vascular tissues of sick strawberries in the field.After DNA sequencing,they were identified as Fof,Aspergillus fumigatus and Trichoderma harzianum,respectively,among which the first two are pathogens and the third is a probiotic.All fungi were controlled by thiophanate-methyl (TM),a commercial fungicide.On PDA medium,20 mg·L^(-1)5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA),a natural non-protein amino acid,promoted T.harzianum proliferation,but inhibited Fof and A.fumigatus.In confrontation test,the growth of Fof or A.fumigatus was inhibited by T.harzianum and exogenous ALA promoted T.harzianum growth but significantly inhibited the pathogen growth.When three species of fungi were separately or combinedly inoculated on healthy strawberry plants,T.harzianum promoted plant growth and development while Fof or A.fumigatus caused growth retardation,where Fof directly caused leaf yellowing and plant wilting.When the plants inoculated with different fungus were treated with ALA,the results turned out that ALA alleviated SFW symptoms by bidirectionally promoting T.harzianum proliferation and inhibiting Fof and A.fumigatus.Thus,ALA might be used in comprehensively controlling SFW in strawberry industry.
基金the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia for providing funds under the Long-term Research Grant Scheme(LRGS/1/2019/UPM/2/2)。
文摘Fusarium species were reported to produce biofilms.Biofilms are superficial societies of microbes bounded and endangered by being situated or taking place outside a cell or cells.The most destructive fungal diseases caused by phytopathogens are as a result of biofilms formation.Fusarium wilt of banana(Panama disease)is caused by a soil-borne pathogen called Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense.Fusarium oxysporum occurs in a form of a species complex(FOSC)which encompasses a crowd of strains.Horizontal genetic factor transfer may donate to the observed assortment in pathogenic strains,while sexual reproduction is unknown in the FOSC.Fusarium wilt is a notorious disease on several crops worldwide.Yield loss caused by this pathogen is huge,and significant to destroy crop yields annually,thereby affecting the producer countries in various continents of the world.The disease is also resistant to various synthetic chemical fungicides.However,excessive use of synthetic fungicides during disease control could be lethal to humans,animals,and plants.This calls for alternative eco-friendly management of this disease by targeting the biofilms formation and finally suppressing this devastating phytopathogen.In this review,we,therefore,described the damage caused by Fusarium wilt disease,the concept of filamentous fungal biofilms,classical control strategies,sustainable disease control strategies using essential oils,and prevention and control of vegetables Fusarium wilt diseases.
基金financed by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31760402 and 31771844)the Innovation Leadership Program in Sciences and Technologies for Young and Middle-aged Scientists of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, China (2019CB027)。
文摘Lignin metabolism plays a pivotal role in plant defense against pathogens and is always positively correlated as a response to pathogen infection. Thus, understanding resistance genes against plant pathogens depends on a genetic analysis of the lignin response. This study used eight Upland cotton lines to construct a multi-parent advanced generation intercross(MAGIC) population(n=280), which exhibited peculiar characteristics from the convergence of various alleles coding for advantageous traits. In order to measure the lignin response to Verticillium wilt(LRVW), the artificial disease nursery(ADN) and rotation nursery(RN) were prepared for MAGIC population planting in four environments. The stem lignin contents were collected, and the LRVW was measured with the lignin value of ADN/RN in each environment, which showed significant variations. We employed 9 323 high-quality single-nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) markers obtained from the Cotton-SNP63K array for genotyping the MAGIC population. The SNPs were distributed through the whole genome with 4.78 SNP/Mb density, ranging from 1.14(ChrA06) to 10.08(ChrD08). In addition, a genome-wide association study was performed using a Mixed Linear Model(MLM) for LRVW. Three stable quantitative trait loci(QTLs), qLRVW-A04, qLRVW-A10, and qLRVW-D05, were identified in more than two environments. Two key candidate genes, Ghi_D05G01046 and Ghi_D05G01221, were selected within the QTLs through the combination of variations in the coding sequence, induced expression patterns, and function annotations. Both genes presented nonsynonymous mutations in coding regions and were strongly induced by Verticillium dahliae. Ghi_D05G01046 encodes a leucine-rich extensin(LRx) protein involved in Arabidopsis cell wall biosynthesis and organization. Ghi_D05G01221 encodes a transcriptional co-repressor novel interactor of novel interactor of jasmonic acid ZIM-domain(JAZ–NINJA), which functions in the jasmonic acid(JA) signaling pathway. In summary, the study creates valuable genetic resources for breeding and QTL mapping and opens up a new perspective to uncover the genetic basis of VW resistance in Upland cotton.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32160715,31660576,31760583)the Joint Project of Basic Agricultural Research in Yunnan Province(Grant No.2018FG001-004)+3 种基金Yunnan Luxi County Vegetable Industry Science and Technology Mission project(Grant No.202204BI090006)the General Project of Yunnan Science and Technology Plan(Grant No.2016FB064)High-level Scientific Research Foundation of Yunnan Agricultural University(Grant No.KY2022-27)Research and Integrated Applications of Key Technology in Standardized Production of Facility Vegetables(Grant No.202102AE090005)。
文摘Tomato spotted wilt virus(TSWV)is an important virus that has rapidly spread throughout the world.TSWV seriously hinders the production of tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)and other plants.In order to discover more new genes and metabolites related to TSWV resistance in tomato plants,the genes and metabolites related to the resistance of tomato plants inoculated with TSWV were identified and studied herein.The tomato TSWV-resistance line YNAU335(335)and TSWV-susceptible lines NO5 and 96172I(961)were used as the transcriptome and metabolome research materials.Transcriptomic and metabolomic techniques were used to analyze the gene and metabolite response mechanisms to TSWV inoculation.A total of 3566,2951,and 2674 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified in lines 335,NO5,and961,respectively.Meanwhile,208,228,and 273 differentially accumulated metabolites(DAMs)were identified in lines 335,NO5,and 961,respectively.In line 335,the number of DEGs was the highest,but the number of DAMs was lowest.Furthermore,903 DEGs and 94 DAMs were common to the response to TSWV in the three inbred lines.The 903 DEGs and 94 DAMs were mainly enriched in the plant hormone signal transduction and flavonoid synthesis pathways.In addition,many nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeat genes and transcription factors were found that might be involved in the TSWV response.These results provide new insights into TSWV resistance mechanisms.
基金funded by Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences,CAS(ZDBS-LY-DQC012)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41971321,41830108)+2 种基金XPCC Science and Technology Project(2022CB002-01)Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture,XPCC(201801 and 202003)supported by Youth Innovation Promotion Association,CAS(Y2021047)。
文摘Verticillium wilt(VW)is a common soilborne disease of cotton.It occurs mainly in the seedling and bollopening stages and severely impairs the yield and quality of the fiber.Rapid and accurate identification and evaluation of VW severity(VWS)forms the basis of field cotton VW control,which has great significance to cotton production.Cotton VWS values are conventionally measured using in-field observations and laboratory test diagnoses,which require abundant time and professional expertise.Remote and proximal sensing using imagery and spectrometry have great potential for this purpose.In this study,we performed in situ investigations at three experimental sites in 2019 and 2021 and collected VWS values,in situ images,and spectra of 361 cotton canopies.To estimate cotton VWS values at the canopy scale,we developed two deep learning approaches that use in situ images and spectra,respectively.For the imagery-based method,given the high complexity of the in situ environment,we first transformed the task of healthy and diseased leaf recognition to the task of cotton field scene classification and then built a cotton field scenes(CFS)dataset with over 1000 images for each scene-unit type.We performed pretrained convolutional neural networks(CNNs)training and validation using the CFS dataset and then used the networks after training to classify scene units for each canopy.The results showed that the Dark Net-19 model achieved satisfactory performance in CFS classification and VWS values estimation(R^(2)=0.91,root-mean-square error(RMSE)=6.35%).For the spectroscopy-based method,we first designed a one-dimensional regression network(1D CNN)with four convolutional layers.After dimensionality reduction by sensitive-band selection and principal component analysis,we fitted the 1D CNN with varying numbers of principal components(PCs).The 1D CNN model with the top 20 PCs performed best(R^(2)=0.93,RMSE=5.77%).These deep learning-driven approaches offer the potential of assessing crop disease severity from spatial and spectral perspectives.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(No.30070521 and 30270840).
文摘Bacterial wilt （BW） caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is an important constraint to peanut （Arachis hypogaea L.） production in several Asian and African countries, and planting BW-resistant cultivars is the most feasible method for controlling the disease. Although several BW-resistant peanut germplasm accessions have been identified, the genetic diversity among these has not been properly investigated, which has impeded efficient utilization. In this study, the genetic relationships of 31 peanut genotypes with various levels of resistance to BW were assessed based on SSR and AFLP analyses. Twenty-nine of 78 SSR primers and 32 of 126 AFLP primer combinations employed in this study were polymorphic amongst the peanut genotypes tested. The SSR primers amplified 91 polymorphic loci in total with an average of 3.14 alleles per primer, and the AFLP primers amplified 72 polymorphic loci in total with an average of 2.25 alleles per primer. Four SSR primers （14H06, 7G02, 3A8, 16C6） and one AFLP primer （P1M62） were found to be most efficient in detecting diversity. The genetic distance between pairs of genotypes ranged from 0.12 to 0.94 with an average of 0.53 in the SSR data and from 0.06 to 0.57 with an average of 0.25 in the AFLP data. The SSR-based estimates of the genetic distance were generally larger than that based on the AFLP data. The genotypes belonging to subsp, fastigiata possessed wider diversity than that of subsp, hypogaea. The clustering of genotypes based on the SSR and AFLP data were similar but the SSR clustering was more consistent with morphological classification ofA. hypogaea. Optimum diverse genotypes of both subsp, hypogaea and subsp.fastigiata can be recommended based on this analysis for developing mapping populations and breeding for high yielding and resistant cultivars.
基金Supported by Scientific Research and Development Fund of Hefei University of Technology(070602F)Research Funding Project for Young Teachers in Colleges of Anhui Province(2008JQ1009)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim of this study was to screen bacteria strains with stable antagonistic effect against watermelon fusarium wilt from soil and investigate the biological control of watermelon fusarium wilt by applying the antagonistic bacteria strains into soil.[Method] Actinomycete strains,fluorescent bacteria strains and bacillus strains were isolated from soil samples by the dilution-plate method,then its resistance was screened respectively by the improved confront culture method after colonies were purified.Finally,bacteria strains with better antagonistic effect were identified.[Result] 29 bacteria strains with stable antagonistic effect against watermelon fusarium wilt were screened from 39 soil samples,which contained 15 fluorescent bacteria strains,5 bacillus strains and 9 actinomycete strains.Furthermore,three antagonistic bacteria strains of FM2,FM3 and FM4 with the strongest antagonism were identified primarily.[Conclusion] According to cultural characteristics,morphological observation,biochemical and physiological tests,FM2 belongs to bacillus subtilis,while FM3 and FM4 belong to micrococcus.
基金Supported by Breeding Key Project of Sichuan Province(2006-yzgg-25)~~
文摘[Objective] Aimed to lay a scientific foundation for eggplant resistant breeding, the resistant field identification of eggplant resources to Verticillium wilt was carried out. [Method] Test materials were 35 eggplant resources, which were collected from various places in Sichuan province since 2001. These eggplant resources were made resistance evaluation to Verticillium wilt by watering injured roots with Verticillium dahliae spore suspension. [Result] The eggplant resources had good resistance to Verticillium wilt. Among 35 evaluated resources, 10 resources like 242-9OP, 41-1,35-R5, etc. were resistant, while 23 resources like 68 ×47, Zizaoqie, 32-1, etc. were tolerant. Some resistant resources like 41-1,35-R5, 47-R1, etc. had been transferred into new resistant varieties like EF9910, etc. by breeding institutes. [Conclusion] The resistant level and future resistance breeding direction of eggplant resources in Sichuan were clarified by the resistance evaluation of eggplant resources so as to provide a technical guidance for eggplant resistance breeding.
基金Supported by National"973" Project(2011CB100400)~~
文摘[Objectives] This paper aims to explore the possibility to intercrop garlic with pomegranate tree to control pomegranate wilt.[Methods] Root exudates of garlic is cultivated in 1/5 concentration of MS solution and distilled water is examined in lab to test their effect to growth of mycelia of pomegranate wilt pathogen（Ceratocystis fimbriata）and multiplication of Bacillus subtilis.[Results] The result shows that garlic root exudates whatever cultivated in MS solution or distilled water could not inhibit or promote mycelia growth of C.fimbriata.However,garlic root exudates cultivated in both methods effectively promote multiplication of B.subtilis.[Conclusions] It is suggested that intercropping garlic with pomegranate tree by combining application B.subtilis could be a promising way to prevent pomegranate wilt spread in practice.
基金Supported by Natural Science Research Project in Universities in Jiangsu Province(10KJD210004)"Blue Project" Excellent Young Teacher Training Project in Universities in Jiangsu Province~~
文摘[Objective] The antifungal bacteria of plant wilt disease was screened and identified to provide foundation for the study on bio-control preparation of plant wilt disease.[Method] Confrontation culture method was adopted to screen the bio-control bacteria with good antifungal effect against plant wilt disease,Biolog bacteria automatic identification system and 16S rDNA sequence analysis method were selected to identify its taxonomic status,the biological safety of the strain towards cotton and mice was also determined.[Result] 12 bacterial strains were isolated from rhizosphere of cotton.Among those strains,5 isolates showed antifungal activity against F.decemcellulare Brick,F.oxysporum f.sp.Diathi,F.oxysporum f.sp.vasinfectum.The antifungal effect of KL-1 strain against three target strains of pathogen reached 69.09%,80.78% and 78.89% respectively.Identification results of Biolog bacteria automatic identification system and 16S rDNA sequence analysis method showed that KL-1strain was Bacillus amyloliquefaciens;primary determination results of biological safety also showed that the strain KL-1 was safe and non-toxic towards cotton and mice.[Conclusion] KL-1strain of B.amyloliquefaciens had antifungal effect against several pathogens of plant wilt diseases,which was safe and non-toxic towards cotton and mice,being the bio-control strain with research and development potential.
基金Supported by Hunan Natural Science Foundation(11JJ5015)Department of Science and Technology of Hunan Province(2011FJ3050)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to investigated the effects of seedling-cake with AMF on resistance of pepper （Capsicum annuum L.） to bacterial wilt. [Methods] A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the dynamics of mycorrhizal colonization, disease index, morbidity rate, control effect and several agronomic traits of mycorrhizal seedlings after inoculation with RS in two kinds of seeding-cakes with AMF. [Results] Two kinds of seedling-cakes formed steadily mycorrhizal colonization after inoculation, which enhanced disease-resistance and decreased morbidity rate and disease index in different degrees. What’s more, the performance of self-made seedling-cakes was obviously better than that of commercial seedling-cakes. [Conclusions] Self-made seedling-cakes with AMF have superior performance on bacterial wilt resistance of pepper, which should be made use of in other crops extensively.
基金Supported by"12th Five-Year Plan"of National Science and Technology Plan Project in Rural Areas Science and Technology Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP-2015-ZFRI-06)~~
文摘Molecular identification on diploid and tetraploid watermelon breeding lines which were resistant to Fusarium wilt was carried out with the published dCAPS marker ＂4451_fon＂ which was closely linked with resistance gene of Fusarium wilt race 1. The results showed that all the diploid and tetraploid lines expressed as re- sistant genotype, which were defined as Fusarium wilt-resistant materials. The re- sults were consistent with that of artificial inoculation identification. Molecular identifi- cation results also indicated that the resistant lines were homozygote, and the Fusarium wilt-resistant gene would not separate or lose during the future self- crossed purification. Therefore, resistance selection would not be necessary in their progeny populations. The study results thought that dCAPS marker ＂4451_fon＂ could be applied on molecular marker assisted selection for Fusarium wilt resistance breeding in watermelon to increase breeding selection efficiency and accelerate breeding progress.
文摘Protein 25a2 is the antifungal peptide of cotton Verticillium wilt which was isolated from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. The amino acid sequence of antifungal peptide 25a2 was analyzed using bioinformatics tools, and the characters of signal peptides, transmembrane topological structura, physicochemical signatures, protein domain, secondary and tertiary structure of protein were predicted. The results showed that 25a2 was a secreted protein, the sequence of which included a signal peptide in N end and a transmembrane domain in C end. The predicted secondary structure showed that the antibacterial peptide was mainly free random coils, belonging to mixed protein, three-dimensional model of 25a2 was a compact ball. These results showed that the most possible action mechanism of antifungal peptide 25a2 might be ＂carpet＂ model.
基金Supported by Fund for Highly Educated People in Yulin College(07gk013)~~
文摘[ Objective ] The study aimed to explore a new way for the control of Tomato Fusarium Wilt. [ Method ] Different solvents were used to prepare the ex-tracts of marigold, and the inhibitory effects of different extraction solvents and different extraction parts of marigold against Tomato Fusar/um Wilt were compared. [ Result ] Among different solvent extracts of marigold, chloroform extracts had the strongest inhibitory effects against the growth of the pathogen; among the chloro- form extracts from different parts of marigold, root extract had the most obvious inhibitory effect against the disease, followed by flower and leaf extracts, and the in- hibitory effect of stem extract was the weakest. [ Conclusion ] The active components of marigold have inhibitory effect against Tomato Fusarium Wilt, and the plant has good development prospects and application value.
基金Supported by the Research Fund for Mid-career and Young Scientists of Education Department of Hubei Province(Q2011130)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to isolate and purify the antifungal protein against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp niveum （FON） from Bacillus subtilis XG-I. [Method] The crude protein was obtained by using fractional precipitation with am- monium sulfate, then chromatography using both DEAE-Sepharose FF anion ex- change and Sephacryl S-100 gel filtration columns was adopted for further purifica- tion of the protein, followed by MALDI-TOF-MS analysis of the structure of the at- tained protein which was antagonistic to FON. [Result] The result from MALDI-TOF- MS analysis suggested that the antifungal protein extracted from strain XG-1 was highly homologous to the flagellin （gi114278900） deriving from B. subtilis, with a pro- tein score of 248 and a coverage rate of 63%. It was thus speculated that this an- tagonistic protein was a kind of flagellin with a molecular mass of 30.6 kD. [Conclusion] The results from this study provide theoretical basis for clarifying the mechanisms of the action of strain XG-1 as well as important references for the preven- tion and control of watermelon Fusarium wilt.
基金support from the National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFD0201202)the National Science and Technology Basic Work, China (2014FY120900)the 948 Program of China (2011-G4)
文摘In our previous studies, we identified 3 Trichoderma strains with anti-Fusarium oxysporum activity, including T. asperellum 525, T. harzianum 610, and T. pseudokoningii 886. Here, we evaluated the effects of these 3 Trichoderma strains on preventing cucumber fusarium wilt through pot culture and greenhouse culture experiments. All 3 Trichoderma strains demonstrated higher control effects toward cucumber fusarium wilt than previous studies, with efficacies over 78%. Additionally, inoculation with the 3 Trichoderma strains significantly promoted the quality and yield of cucumbers. Among the 3 strains, Trichoderma 866 was the most effective, with disease control efficacy of 78.64% and a cucumber yield increase of 33%. Furthermore, seedlings inoculated with Trichoderma exhibited significantly increased measures of plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, aboveground fresh weight, underground fresh weight, chlorophyll content, and nitric nitrogen content, as well as the activities of several stress-resistance enzymes, including superoxide dismutase(SOD), peroxidase(POD), catalase(CAT), polyphenol oxidase(PPO), and ascorbate oxidase(AAO). In addition, the plants inoculated with Trichoderma showed decreased cell membrane permeability and malondialdehyde(MDA) content in the leaves. Together, our results suggest that T. asperellum 525, T. harzianum 610, and T. pseudokoningii 886 inoculations inhibit F. oxysporum infection, stimulate the metabolism in cucumbers, and enhance the activities of stress-resistance enzymes, which consequently promote the growth of cucumber plants, prevent cucumber fusarium wilt, and improve the yield and quality of cucumbers. T. harzianum is a commonly used biocontrol fungus, while few studies have focused on T. asperellum or T. koningense. In this study, strains of T. asperellum and T. pseudokoningii showed excellent plant disease prevention and growth promoting effects on cucumber, indicating that they also have great potential as biocontrol fungi.
基金the Research University Grants(RUGS 91009),Malaysia,for financing this research
文摘This study is aimed at assessing the ability of two endophytic bacteria originally isolated from healthy oil palm roots, Pseudomonas sp. （UPMP3） and Burkholderia sp. （UPMB3） to induce resistance in susceptible Berangan banana against Fusarium oxysporum race 4 （FocR4）. Increased accumulation of resistance-related enzymes such as peroxidase （PO）, phenylalanine ammonia lyase （PAL）, lignithioglycolic acid （LTGA）, and pathogenesis-related （PR） proteins （ehitinase and β-1,3-glucanase） has been observed in plantlets treated with endophytic bacteria UPMP3 and UPMB3 singly or as mixture under glasshouse conditions. Pre-inoculation of banana plantlets with UPMP3 showed a significant reduction in Fusarium wilt incidence 72 d after challenged inoculation with FocR4. UPMB3 was less effective in suppressing Fusarium wilt compared to UPMP3, whereas, the mixture of both endophytes showed an intermediate effect. Based on these results, it is concluded that UPMP3 could be a promising biological control agent that can trigger resistance against Fusarium wilt in susceptible Berangan banana.
