Corneal diseases are a major cause of blindness in the world. Although great progress has been achieved in the treatment of corneal diseases, wound healing after severe corneal damage and immunosuppressive therapy aft...Corneal diseases are a major cause of blindness in the world. Although great progress has been achieved in the treatment of corneal diseases, wound healing after severe corneal damage and immunosuppressive therapy after corneal transplantation remain prob-lematic. Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) derived from bone marrow or other adult tissues can differentiate into various types of mesenchymal lineages, such as osteocytes, adipocytes, and chondrocytes, both in vivo and in vitro. These cells can further differentiate into specific cell types under specific conditions. MSCs migrate to injury sites and promote wound healing by secreting anti-inflammatory and growth factors. In ad-dition, MSCs interact with innate and acquired immune cells and modulate the immune response through their powerful paracrine function. Over the last decade, MSCs have drawn considerable attention because of their beneficial properties and promising therapeutic prospective. Furthermore, MSCs have been applied to various studies related to wound healing, autoim-mune diseases, and organ transplantation. This review discusses the potential functions of MSCs in protecting corneal tissue and their possible mechanisms in corneal wound healing and corneal transplantation.展开更多
We reviewed a number of wound repair, keloid and hypertrophic scar research methods that included lasers, microcurrent and ultra-low energy technologies. Laser research reports short-term improvement in wounds, keloid...We reviewed a number of wound repair, keloid and hypertrophic scar research methods that included lasers, microcurrent and ultra-low energy technologies. Laser research reports short-term improvement in wounds, keloid and hypertrophic scars, but without follow up to control for reoccurrence of keloids or diabetic lesions which generally reoccur following laser treatments. The microcurrent and ultra-low energy studies demonstrate significant healing where age is not a factor with no reoccurrence of diabetic wounds and other skin lesions. Our randomized, double-blind longitudinal research on eight wound repair clinical cases with an age range of 28 - 86, followed for one year, evidenced accelerated healing and no reoccurrence. The number of treatments required for substantial healing depended on the chronicity and severity of the lesion, with chronic severe lesions requiring more treatments, rather than age, a conclusion supported by ultra-low microcurrent research. These results on age-independent wound healing directly contradict a large body of literature postulating that healing is much slower with age due to immune insufficiency, age-accumulated oxidative stress, disrupted cell communications and sustained inflammation.展开更多
Background: Wound healing is a process of cell-cell interaction and cell-extracellular matrix interaction. Dermal multipotent stem cells (dMSCs) have the abilities to promote survival and wound healing, but the potent...Background: Wound healing is a process of cell-cell interaction and cell-extracellular matrix interaction. Dermal multipotent stem cells (dMSCs) have the abilities to promote survival and wound healing, but the potential function of dMSCs in wound healing, particularly in the initiation of wound repair, has not been fully understood. Methods: dMSCs and fibroblasts were isolated from neonatal rat dermis and were further purified and expanded. The cell cycles were determined with flow cytometry, while the radiosensitivity was measured by MTT assay. Rats were wounded with a 7-cm incision on the back skin and the wound fluids were collected by inserting two pieces of sterile polyvinyl alcohol sponge (1 cmin diameter and0.4 cmin thickness) subcutaneously into the dorsum of each rat through the midline of incision on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th day after incision. The effects of wound fluids on the proliferation of dMSCs and fibroblasts were measured with MTT assays. dMSC’s abilities of adhesion and attachment and its migration in response to wound fluids collected on the 1st day after incision were explored by measuring the percentage of floating cells and the cells migrated into wounding area in vitro, respectively. Results: The isolated dMSCs were morphologically homogenous and highly proliferative. Most of the cultured dMSCs were quiescent with few apoptotic cells. Compared with fibroblasts, dMSCs were more sensitive to radiation and more proliferative in response to wound fluids, especially to the wound fluids collected on the 1st day after wounding. Moreover, their abilities to attach, adhere and migrate were significantly enhanced with the early-phase wound fluids. Conclusions: As primitive stem cells, dMSCs are very responsive to wound fluids, which suggests dMSCs’ important role in wound healing, especially in initiating wound repair.展开更多
Studies on a variety of highly regenerative tissues, including the central nervous system(CNS) in non-mammalian vertebrates, have consistently demonstrated that tissue damage induces the formation of an ionic current ...Studies on a variety of highly regenerative tissues, including the central nervous system(CNS) in non-mammalian vertebrates, have consistently demonstrated that tissue damage induces the formation of an ionic current at the site of injury. These injury currents generate electric fields(EF) that are 100-fold increased in intensity over that measured for uninjured tissue. In vitro and in vivo experiments have convincingly demonstrated that these electric fields(by their orientation, intensity and duration) can drive the migration, proliferation and differentiation of a host of cell types. These cellular behaviors are all necessary to facilitate regeneration as blocking these EFs at the site of injury inhibits tissue repair while enhancing their intensity promotes repair. Consequently, injury-induced currents, and the EFs they produce, represent a potent and crucial signal to drive tissue regeneration and repair. In this review, we will discuss how injury currents are generated, how cells detect these currents and what cellular responses they can induce. Additionally, we will describe the growing evidence suggesting that EFs play a key role in regulating the cellular response to injury and may be a therapeutic target for inducing regeneration in the mammalian CNS.展开更多
Differentiated embryonic stem cells (ESC) can ameliorate lung inflammation and fibrosis in animal lung injury models;therefore, ESC, or their products, could be candidates for regenerative therapy for incurable lung d...Differentiated embryonic stem cells (ESC) can ameliorate lung inflammation and fibrosis in animal lung injury models;therefore, ESC, or their products, could be candidates for regenerative therapy for incurable lung diseases, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). In this study, we have investigated the paracrine effect of differentiated and undifferentiated human ESC on alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) wound repair. hESC line, SHEF-2 cells were differentiated with Activin treatment for 22 days in an embryoid body (EB) suspension culture. Conditioned media (CM) which contain cell secretory factors were collected at different time points of differentiation. CM were then tested onin vitro?wound repair model with human type II AEC line, A549 cells (AEC). Our study demonstrated that CM originated from undifferentiated hESC significantly inhibited AEC wound repair when compared to the control. Whereas, CM originated from Activin-directed hESC differentiated cell population demonstrated a differential reparative effect on AEC wound repair model. CM obtained from Day-11 of differentiation significantly enhanced AEC wound repair in comparison to CM collected from pre- and post-Day-11 of differentiation. Day-11 CM enhanced AEC wound repair through significant stimulation of cell migration and cell proliferation. RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry confirmed that Day-11 CM was originated form a mixed population of endodermal/mesodermal differentiated hESC. This report suggests a putative paracrine-mediated epithelial injury healing mechanism by hESC secreted products, which is valuable in the development of novel stem cell-based therapeutic strategies.展开更多
AIM: To determine the mechanical properties of anasto- motic colonic tissue in experimental settings and there- fore give a measure of wound healing. METHODS: Thirty-six male Wistar rats were used as ex- perimental mo...AIM: To determine the mechanical properties of anasto- motic colonic tissue in experimental settings and there- fore give a measure of wound healing. METHODS: Thirty-six male Wistar rats were used as ex- perimental models of anastomotic tissue integrity. On the 5th post-operative day, the tensile strength was measured by application of an axial force, providing a quantitative measure of anastomotic dehiscence and leakage. RESULTS: Diagrams of the load as a function of the time [P = P (t)] and of the displacement also as a func- tion of time [Δs = Δs (t)] were recorded for each test, permitting the design of the load versus the displace- ment diagram and thus providing significant data about the critical values of anastomotic failure. Quantitative data were obtained concerning the anastomotic strength of both control specimens (healthy rats), as well as spec- imens from non-healthy rats for comparison. CONCLUSION: This experimental model provides an excellent method of measuring anastomotic strength. Despite the relative small number of specimens used, this method provides an accurate way of measuring wound repair. More experimental measurements need to be performed to correlate emerging tensile strength val-ues to anastomotic failure.展开更多
Background: The optimal time to closure of a newborn with a myelomeningocele has been the focus of a number of evaluations. The Timing of primary surgery has received significant attention due to its relationship to r...Background: The optimal time to closure of a newborn with a myelomeningocele has been the focus of a number of evaluations. The Timing of primary surgery has received significant attention due to its relationship to repair-site infection that can lead to increased morbidity and prolonged hospital stays. It is on this basis that recommendations have utilized 48 - 72 hours post birth as ideal time of closure. This is not only prevent infection at the site but also prevent ventriculitis and neural structure damage. We therefore, hypothesized an increase in wound infection rates in those patients with delays in myelomeningocele repair. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 103 children with myelomeningocele treated between 2016 and 2023. At discharge the patients were followed up at the post-operative clinic visit 2 weeks later. Children were assigned to 1 of 2 groups, those who underwent primary neurosurgical repair within 72 hours of delivery (Group 1) and those undergoing repair after 72 hours (Group 2). We compared the infection rates. Results: 103 children who underwent myelomeningocele repair were identified, with a median time from birth to treatment of 1 day. Eight (7.8 %) patients were noted to have post-repair surgical site complications. There was no significant difference in rates of infection between Group 1 and Group 2 repair times. The presence of infection was associated increased length of stay when compared to neonates without infection. Conclusion: In children with myelomeningocele, the timing of primary neurosurgical repair appears not to have a significant impact on surgical site infection. Closure of the spinal lesion within the first 72 hours of life may be more favorable for neural damage prevention. These results suggest that early myelomeningocele repair may not impart significantly on the rate of wound-site infection.展开更多
Foreign body reactions induced by macrophages often cause delay or failure of wound healing in the application of tissue engineering scaffolds.This study explores the application of nanosilver(NAg)to reduce foreign bo...Foreign body reactions induced by macrophages often cause delay or failure of wound healing in the application of tissue engineering scaffolds.This study explores the application of nanosilver(NAg)to reduce foreign body reactions during scaffold transplantation.An NAg hybrid collagen-chitosan scaffold(NAg-CCS)was prepared using the freeze-drying method.The NAg-CCS was implanted on the back of rats to evaluate the effects on foreign body reactions.Skin tissue samples were collected for histological and immunological evaluation at variable intervals.Miniature pigs were used to assess the effects of NAg on skin wound healing.The wounds were photographed,and tissue samples were collected for molecular biological analysis at different time points post-transplantation.NAg-CCS has a porous structure and the results showed that it could release NAg constantly for two weeks.The NAg-CCS group rarely developed a foreign body reaction,while the blank-CCS group showed granulomas or necrosis in the subcutaneous grafting experiment.Both matrix metalloproteinase-1(MMP-1)and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1(TIMP-1)were reduced significantly in the NAg-CCS group.The NAg-CCS group had higher interleukin(IL)-10 and lower IL-6 than the blank CCS group.In the wound healing study,M1 macrophage activation and inflammatory-related proteins inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS),IL-6,and interferon-(IFN-)were inhibited by NAg.In contrast,M2 macrophage activation and proinflammatory proteins(arginase-1),major histocompatibility complex-II(MHC-II),and found in inflammatory zone-1(FIZZ-1)were promoted,and this was responsible for suppressing the foreign body responses and accelerating wound healing.In conclusion,dermal scaffolds containing NAg suppressed the foreign body reaction by regulating macrophages and the expression of inflammatory cytokines,thereby promoting wound healing.展开更多
Current treatments for full-thickness skin injuries are still unsatisfactory due to the lack of hierarchically stimulated dressings that can integrate the rapid hemostasis,inflammation regulation,and skin tissue remod...Current treatments for full-thickness skin injuries are still unsatisfactory due to the lack of hierarchically stimulated dressings that can integrate the rapid hemostasis,inflammation regulation,and skin tissue remodeling into the one system instead of single-stage boosting.In this work,a multilayer-structured bioactive glass nanopowder(BGN@PTE)is developed by coating the poly-tannic acid andε-polylysine onto the BGN via facile layer-by-layer assembly as an integrative and multilevel dressing for the sequential management of wounds.In comparison to BGN and poly-tannic acid coated BGN,BGN@PTE exhibited the better hemostatic performance because of its multiple dependent approaches to induce the platelet adhesion/activation,red blood cells(RBCs)aggregation and fibrin network formation.Simultaneously,the bioactive ions from BGN facilitate the regulation of the inflammatory response while the poly-tannic acid and antibacterialε-polylysine prevent the wound infection,promoting the wound healing during the inflammatory stage.In addition,BGN@PTE can serve as a reactive oxygen species scavenger,alleviate the oxidation stress in wound injury,induce the cell migration and angiogenesis,and promote the proliferation stage of wound repair.Therefore,BGN@PTE demonstrated the significantly higher wound repair capacity than the commercial bioglass dressing Dermlin™.This multifunctional BGN@PTE is a potentially valuable dressing for full-thickness wound management and may be expected to extend to the other wounds therapy.展开更多
The microenvironment of the wound bed is essential in the regulation of wound repair.In this regard,strategies that provide a repairing favorable microenvironment may effectively improve healing outcomes.Herein,we att...The microenvironment of the wound bed is essential in the regulation of wound repair.In this regard,strategies that provide a repairing favorable microenvironment may effectively improve healing outcomes.Herein,we attempted to use electrical stimulation(ES)to boost the paracrine function of adipose-derived stem cells from rats(rASCs).By examining the concentrations of two important growth factors,VEGF and PDGF-AA,in the cell culture supernatant,we found that ES,especially 5𝜇A ES,stimulated rASCs to produce more paracrine factors(5𝜇A-PFs).Further studies showed that ES may modulate the paracrine properties of rASCs by upregulating the levels of TRPV2 and TRPV3,thereby inducing intracellular Ca^(2+) influx.To deliver the PFs to the wound to effectively improve the wound microenvironment,we prepared a heparinized PGA host-guest hydrogel(PGA-Hp hydrogel).Moreover,PGA-Hp hydrogel loaded with 5𝜇A-PFs effectively accelerated the repair process of the full-thickness wound model in rats.Our findings revealed the effects of ES on the paracrine properties of rASCs and highlighted the potential application of heparinized PGA host-guest hydrogels loaded with PFs derived from electrically stimulated rASCs in wound repair.展开更多
Skin wound repair is a multifactorial process involving immune and nonimmune cells,such as mast cells,neutrophils,lymphocytes,monocytes,macrophages,keratinocytes,fibroblasts,and endothelial cells.In diabetic patients,...Skin wound repair is a multifactorial process involving immune and nonimmune cells,such as mast cells,neutrophils,lymphocytes,monocytes,macrophages,keratinocytes,fibroblasts,and endothelial cells.In diabetic patients,this process is significantly hindered,resulting in chronic complications,such as diabetic foot,which is typically associated with difficult-to-heal ulcers1.Recently,the roles of monocytes,their derived macrophages,and skin-resident macrophages in cutaneous wound repair have gained significant appreciation.The conversion of macrophages from M1-like inflammatory cells to M2-like reparative cells has been associated with metabolic dysregulation under diabetic conditions.Reparative cytokines,angiogenic factors,and growth factors released by M2 macrophages are believed to be key contributors to proper wound repair.The persistence of M1 macrophages and the inflammatory state during diabetes or in response to a high-fat diet results in nonhealing wounds.展开更多
Supramolecular-polymeric hybrid hydrogels combining advantages of the assembled supramolecular networks and polymeric networks have attracted considerable attention recently.However,they are rarely used as multi-funct...Supramolecular-polymeric hybrid hydrogels combining advantages of the assembled supramolecular networks and polymeric networks have attracted considerable attention recently.However,they are rarely used as multi-functional wound dressing materials.In this work,we report a supramolecular-polymeric hybrid hydrogel consisting of a co-assembled DBS-COOH/Naproxen network(DBS/NAP)and a polymeric gelatin(G)/quaternary ammonium group(Q)and phenylboronic acid groups(PBA)-grafted chitosan(QCS-PBA)network(G/QCS)for accelerating skin wound healing.The polymeric networks could obviously enhance the mechanical properties of the drug-derived supramolecular networks.Q groups endowed the hydrogel with enhanced antibacterial properties.Borate ester crosslinking between PBA groups and diol groups in DBS-COOH could effectively scavenge reactive radicals.The hybrid hydrogel exhibited tunable mechanical and adhesive properties due to the temperature-responsive gelatin networks.NAP could gradually release from hybrid hydrogel networks thus continuously relieving inflammation.Finally,the biocompatible,adhesive,antibacterial and antioxidant hybrid G/QCS-DBS/NAP gel could promote the in vivo healing stages in a full-thickness wounds with increased collagen deposition,upregulated CD31 expression and down-regulated TNF-αexpression.Overall,this multi-functional supramolecular-polymeric hybrid hydrogel exhibited great potential for treating skin defects as promising wound dressing materials.展开更多
Hydrogel products for chronic diabetic wounds,a serious and prevalent complication of diabetes,show limited effects on disability and remain nonspecific.Thus,improvements in the usage of pharmaceutical molecule in the...Hydrogel products for chronic diabetic wounds,a serious and prevalent complication of diabetes,show limited effects on disability and remain nonspecific.Thus,improvements in the usage of pharmaceutical molecule in the hydrogels are highly desirable to increase the therapeutic effect of hydrogels.In this study,thioctic acid(a common medicine molecule in diabetes treatment)is used for preparing regenerative antibacterial hydrogels(RAH)which contains in situ synthesized silver nanoparticles(AgNPs).The RAH shows regenerative,self-healing and injectable ability,because of the reversible hydrogen and coordination bonds.With good regenerative capacity,RAH can be stored as powder to avoid the water loss and facilitate storage availability.Owing to the antioxidant properties of thioctic acid,the RAH can decrease the oxidative damage and retain cell proliferation efficiency.Due to the in situ synthesized AgNPs,the RAH also exhibits extraordinary antimicrobial capacities against MDR bacteria.All of these superiorities enable RAH to be a promising therapy for chronic diabetic wounds.展开更多
The clinical requirements for wound care are increasing daily, and the global wound dressing market is expanding;however, the research and development of new wound dressings are imminent. Natural biomolecules such as ...The clinical requirements for wound care are increasing daily, and the global wound dressing market is expanding;however, the research and development of new wound dressings are imminent. Natural biomolecules such as polyphenols, have been widely used in this field of vision. Owing to their unique anti-oxidative, adhesive, antibacterial and other bioactive functions, researchers have developed a series of wound dressings with excellent performance and applied them to a variety of biomaterials, such as hydrogels, nanofibers, films and scaffolds. They can effectively promote angiogenesis and fibroblast migration and proliferation, scavenge active oxygen free radicals, inhibit excessive in-flammatory reactions at wound sites and ultimately accelerate wound healing. The authors summarise the latest progress in polyphenol-derived biomaterials in skin wound repair to provide inspiration for future wound dressing research.展开更多
Biofilms are closely associated with the tough healing and dysfunctional inflammation of chronic wounds.Photothermal therapy(PTT)emerged as a suitable alternative which could destroy the structure of biofilms with loc...Biofilms are closely associated with the tough healing and dysfunctional inflammation of chronic wounds.Photothermal therapy(PTT)emerged as a suitable alternative which could destroy the structure of biofilms with local physical heat.However,the efficacy of PTT is limited because the excessive hyperthermia could damage surrounding tissues.Besides,the difficult reserve and delivery of photothermal agents makes PTT hard to eradicate biofilms as expectation.Herein,we present a GelMA-EGF/Gelatin-MPDA-LZM bilayer hydrogel dressing to perform lysozyme-enhanced PTT for biofilms eradication and a further acceleration to the repair of chronic wounds.Gelatin was used as inner layer hydrogel to reserve lysozyme(LZM)loaded mesoporous polydopamine(MPDA)(MPDA-LZM)nanoparticles,which could rapidly liquefy while temperature rising so as to achieve a bulk release of nanoparticles.MPDA-LZM nanoparticles serve as photothermal agents with antibacterial capability,could deeply penetrate and destroy biofilms.In addition,the outer layer hydrogel consisted of gelatin methacryloyl(GelMA)and epidermal growth factor(EGF)promoted wound healing and tissue regeneration.It displayed remarkable efficacy on alleviating infection and accelerating wound healing in vivo.Overall,the innovative therapeutic strategy we came up with has significant effect on biofilms eradication and shows promising application in promoting the repair of clinical chronic wounds.展开更多
Loss of plasma membrane integrity can compromise cell functioning and viability.To countera ct this eminent threat,euka ryotic cells have developed efficient repair mechanisms,which seem to have co-evolved with the em...Loss of plasma membrane integrity can compromise cell functioning and viability.To countera ct this eminent threat,euka ryotic cells have developed efficient repair mechanisms,which seem to have co-evolved with the emergence of vital membrane processes(Cooper and McNeil,2015).This relationship between basic cellular functioning and membrane repair highlights the fundamental significance of preserving membrane integrity for cellular life.展开更多
Background: Bilayer artificial dermis promotes wound healing and offers a treatment option for chronic wounds. Aim: Examine the clinical efficacy of bilayer artificial dermis combined with Vacuum Sealing Drainage (VSD...Background: Bilayer artificial dermis promotes wound healing and offers a treatment option for chronic wounds. Aim: Examine the clinical efficacy of bilayer artificial dermis combined with Vacuum Sealing Drainage (VSD) technology in the treatment of chronic wounds. Method: From June 2021 to December 2023, our hospital treated 24 patients with chronic skin tissue wounds on their limbs using a novel tissue engineering product, the bilayer artificial dermis, in combination with VSD technology to repair the wounds. The bilayer artificial dermis protects subcutaneous tissue, blood vessels, nerves, muscles, and tendons, and also promotes the growth of granulation tissue and blood vessels to aid in wound healing when used in conjunction with VSD technology for wound dressing changes in chronic wounds. Results: In this study, 24 cases of chronic wounds with exposed bone or tendon larger than 1.0 cm2 were treated with a bilayer artificial skin combined with VSD dressing after wound debridement. The wounds were not suitable for immediate skin grafting. At 2 - 3 weeks post-treatment, good granulation tissue growth was observed. Subsequent procedures included thick skin grafting or wound dressing changes until complete wound healing. Patients were followed up on average for 3 months (range: 1 - 12 months) post-surgery. Comparative analysis of the appearance, function, skin color, elasticity, and sensation of the healed chronic wounds revealed superior outcomes compared to traditional skin fl repairs, resulting in significantly higher satisfaction levels among patients and their families. Conclusion: The application of bilayer artificial dermis combined with VSD technology for the repair of chronic wounds proves to be a viable method, yielding satisfactory therapeutic effects compared to traditional skin flap procedures.展开更多
The repeated failures of any equipment or systems are modeled as a renewal process. The management needs an assessment of the number of future failures to allocate the resources needed for fast repairs. Based on the i...The repeated failures of any equipment or systems are modeled as a renewal process. The management needs an assessment of the number of future failures to allocate the resources needed for fast repairs. Based on the idea of expectation by conditioning, special Volterra-type integral equations are derived for general types of repairs, considering the length of repair and reduced degradation of the idle object. In addition to minimal repair and failure replacement, partial repairs are also discussed when the repair results in reduction of the number of future failures or decreases the effective age of the object. Numerical integration-based algorithm and simulation study are performed to solve the resulting integral equation. Since the geometry degradation in different dimensions of a rail track and controlling and maintaining defects are of importance, a numerical example using the rail industry data is conducted. Expected number of failures of different failure type modes in rail track is calculated within a two-year interval. Results show that within a two-year period, anticipated occurrences of cross level failures, surface failures, and DPI failures are 2.4, 3.8, and 5.8, respectively.展开更多
Spent battery recycling has received considerable attention because of its economic and environmental potential.A large amount of retired graphite has been produced as the main electrode material,accompanied by a deta...Spent battery recycling has received considerable attention because of its economic and environmental potential.A large amount of retired graphite has been produced as the main electrode material,accompanied by a detailed exploration of the repair mechanism.However,they still suffer from unclear repair mechanisms and physicochemical evolution.In this study,spent graphite was repaired employing three methodologies:pickling-sintering,pyrogenic-recovery,and high-temperature sintering.Owing to the catalytic effect of the metal-based impurities and temperature control,the as-obtained samples displayed an ordered transformation,including the interlayer distance,crystalline degree,and grain size.As anodes of lithium ions batteries,the capacity of repaired samples reached up to 310 mA h g^(-1)above after 300loops at 1.0 C,similar to that of commercial graphite.Meanwhile,benefitting from the effective assembly of carbon atoms in internal structure of graphite at>1400℃,their initial coulombic efficiency were>87%.Even at 2.0 C,the capacity of samples remained approximately 244 mA h g^(-1)after 500 cycles.Detailed electrochemical and kinetic analyses revealed that a low temperature enhanced the isotropy,thereby enhancing the rate properties.Further,economic and environmental analyses revealed that the revenue obtained through suitable pyrogenic-recovering manners was approximately the largest value(5500$t^(-1)).Thus,this study is expected to clarify the in-depth effect of different repair methods on the traits of graphite,while offering all-round evaluations of repaired graphite.展开更多
Purpose: The aim is to show epidemiological, clinical and etiological characteristics of palpebral wounds. Methodology: This was a retrospective study focusing on patients with an eyelid wound, over a 10-year period f...Purpose: The aim is to show epidemiological, clinical and etiological characteristics of palpebral wounds. Methodology: This was a retrospective study focusing on patients with an eyelid wound, over a 10-year period from 2012 to 2021. We collected and analyzed the data using Excel. Results: The frequency of eyelid wounds was 0.1%. The average age of our patients was 19.38 years with a range of 1 and 62 years. The sex ratio was 3.7. Eighty-one percent of patients lived in Dakar. Fifty-seven percent (57%) of patients consulted less than 24 hours after the trauma and 7% of patients on D1. The circumstances were brawls (11%), domestic accidents (9%), road accidents (6%), and work accidents (6%). We noted 1 case of dog bite. Thirteen patients presented with post-traumatic decreased visual acuity. Involvement of the isolated upper eyelid was noted in 40% of cases and both eyelids in 15% of cases. Involvement of the lacrimal ducts was noted in 17% of cases, and that of the free edge in 21% of cases. Eyelid wounds were associated with eyeball damage in 21% of cases. Various associated lesions were observed. Ninety-one percent of patients received surgical treatment. Three cases of superinfections, 1 case of conjunctival granuloma and 1 case of phthysis of the eyeball with postoperative retinal detachment were noted. Conclusion: Eyelid sores are relatively common in our context. They require rapid surgical treatment in order to preserve the functional and aesthetic prognosis. .展开更多
文摘Corneal diseases are a major cause of blindness in the world. Although great progress has been achieved in the treatment of corneal diseases, wound healing after severe corneal damage and immunosuppressive therapy after corneal transplantation remain prob-lematic. Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) derived from bone marrow or other adult tissues can differentiate into various types of mesenchymal lineages, such as osteocytes, adipocytes, and chondrocytes, both in vivo and in vitro. These cells can further differentiate into specific cell types under specific conditions. MSCs migrate to injury sites and promote wound healing by secreting anti-inflammatory and growth factors. In ad-dition, MSCs interact with innate and acquired immune cells and modulate the immune response through their powerful paracrine function. Over the last decade, MSCs have drawn considerable attention because of their beneficial properties and promising therapeutic prospective. Furthermore, MSCs have been applied to various studies related to wound healing, autoim-mune diseases, and organ transplantation. This review discusses the potential functions of MSCs in protecting corneal tissue and their possible mechanisms in corneal wound healing and corneal transplantation.
文摘We reviewed a number of wound repair, keloid and hypertrophic scar research methods that included lasers, microcurrent and ultra-low energy technologies. Laser research reports short-term improvement in wounds, keloid and hypertrophic scars, but without follow up to control for reoccurrence of keloids or diabetic lesions which generally reoccur following laser treatments. The microcurrent and ultra-low energy studies demonstrate significant healing where age is not a factor with no reoccurrence of diabetic wounds and other skin lesions. Our randomized, double-blind longitudinal research on eight wound repair clinical cases with an age range of 28 - 86, followed for one year, evidenced accelerated healing and no reoccurrence. The number of treatments required for substantial healing depended on the chronicity and severity of the lesion, with chronic severe lesions requiring more treatments, rather than age, a conclusion supported by ultra-low microcurrent research. These results on age-independent wound healing directly contradict a large body of literature postulating that healing is much slower with age due to immune insufficiency, age-accumulated oxidative stress, disrupted cell communications and sustained inflammation.
文摘Background: Wound healing is a process of cell-cell interaction and cell-extracellular matrix interaction. Dermal multipotent stem cells (dMSCs) have the abilities to promote survival and wound healing, but the potential function of dMSCs in wound healing, particularly in the initiation of wound repair, has not been fully understood. Methods: dMSCs and fibroblasts were isolated from neonatal rat dermis and were further purified and expanded. The cell cycles were determined with flow cytometry, while the radiosensitivity was measured by MTT assay. Rats were wounded with a 7-cm incision on the back skin and the wound fluids were collected by inserting two pieces of sterile polyvinyl alcohol sponge (1 cmin diameter and0.4 cmin thickness) subcutaneously into the dorsum of each rat through the midline of incision on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th day after incision. The effects of wound fluids on the proliferation of dMSCs and fibroblasts were measured with MTT assays. dMSC’s abilities of adhesion and attachment and its migration in response to wound fluids collected on the 1st day after incision were explored by measuring the percentage of floating cells and the cells migrated into wounding area in vitro, respectively. Results: The isolated dMSCs were morphologically homogenous and highly proliferative. Most of the cultured dMSCs were quiescent with few apoptotic cells. Compared with fibroblasts, dMSCs were more sensitive to radiation and more proliferative in response to wound fluids, especially to the wound fluids collected on the 1st day after wounding. Moreover, their abilities to attach, adhere and migrate were significantly enhanced with the early-phase wound fluids. Conclusions: As primitive stem cells, dMSCs are very responsive to wound fluids, which suggests dMSCs’ important role in wound healing, especially in initiating wound repair.
文摘Studies on a variety of highly regenerative tissues, including the central nervous system(CNS) in non-mammalian vertebrates, have consistently demonstrated that tissue damage induces the formation of an ionic current at the site of injury. These injury currents generate electric fields(EF) that are 100-fold increased in intensity over that measured for uninjured tissue. In vitro and in vivo experiments have convincingly demonstrated that these electric fields(by their orientation, intensity and duration) can drive the migration, proliferation and differentiation of a host of cell types. These cellular behaviors are all necessary to facilitate regeneration as blocking these EFs at the site of injury inhibits tissue repair while enhancing their intensity promotes repair. Consequently, injury-induced currents, and the EFs they produce, represent a potent and crucial signal to drive tissue regeneration and repair. In this review, we will discuss how injury currents are generated, how cells detect these currents and what cellular responses they can induce. Additionally, we will describe the growing evidence suggesting that EFs play a key role in regulating the cellular response to injury and may be a therapeutic target for inducing regeneration in the mammalian CNS.
文摘Differentiated embryonic stem cells (ESC) can ameliorate lung inflammation and fibrosis in animal lung injury models;therefore, ESC, or their products, could be candidates for regenerative therapy for incurable lung diseases, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). In this study, we have investigated the paracrine effect of differentiated and undifferentiated human ESC on alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) wound repair. hESC line, SHEF-2 cells were differentiated with Activin treatment for 22 days in an embryoid body (EB) suspension culture. Conditioned media (CM) which contain cell secretory factors were collected at different time points of differentiation. CM were then tested onin vitro?wound repair model with human type II AEC line, A549 cells (AEC). Our study demonstrated that CM originated from undifferentiated hESC significantly inhibited AEC wound repair when compared to the control. Whereas, CM originated from Activin-directed hESC differentiated cell population demonstrated a differential reparative effect on AEC wound repair model. CM obtained from Day-11 of differentiation significantly enhanced AEC wound repair in comparison to CM collected from pre- and post-Day-11 of differentiation. Day-11 CM enhanced AEC wound repair through significant stimulation of cell migration and cell proliferation. RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry confirmed that Day-11 CM was originated form a mixed population of endodermal/mesodermal differentiated hESC. This report suggests a putative paracrine-mediated epithelial injury healing mechanism by hESC secreted products, which is valuable in the development of novel stem cell-based therapeutic strategies.
文摘AIM: To determine the mechanical properties of anasto- motic colonic tissue in experimental settings and there- fore give a measure of wound healing. METHODS: Thirty-six male Wistar rats were used as ex- perimental models of anastomotic tissue integrity. On the 5th post-operative day, the tensile strength was measured by application of an axial force, providing a quantitative measure of anastomotic dehiscence and leakage. RESULTS: Diagrams of the load as a function of the time [P = P (t)] and of the displacement also as a func- tion of time [Δs = Δs (t)] were recorded for each test, permitting the design of the load versus the displace- ment diagram and thus providing significant data about the critical values of anastomotic failure. Quantitative data were obtained concerning the anastomotic strength of both control specimens (healthy rats), as well as spec- imens from non-healthy rats for comparison. CONCLUSION: This experimental model provides an excellent method of measuring anastomotic strength. Despite the relative small number of specimens used, this method provides an accurate way of measuring wound repair. More experimental measurements need to be performed to correlate emerging tensile strength val-ues to anastomotic failure.
文摘Background: The optimal time to closure of a newborn with a myelomeningocele has been the focus of a number of evaluations. The Timing of primary surgery has received significant attention due to its relationship to repair-site infection that can lead to increased morbidity and prolonged hospital stays. It is on this basis that recommendations have utilized 48 - 72 hours post birth as ideal time of closure. This is not only prevent infection at the site but also prevent ventriculitis and neural structure damage. We therefore, hypothesized an increase in wound infection rates in those patients with delays in myelomeningocele repair. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 103 children with myelomeningocele treated between 2016 and 2023. At discharge the patients were followed up at the post-operative clinic visit 2 weeks later. Children were assigned to 1 of 2 groups, those who underwent primary neurosurgical repair within 72 hours of delivery (Group 1) and those undergoing repair after 72 hours (Group 2). We compared the infection rates. Results: 103 children who underwent myelomeningocele repair were identified, with a median time from birth to treatment of 1 day. Eight (7.8 %) patients were noted to have post-repair surgical site complications. There was no significant difference in rates of infection between Group 1 and Group 2 repair times. The presence of infection was associated increased length of stay when compared to neonates without infection. Conclusion: In children with myelomeningocele, the timing of primary neurosurgical repair appears not to have a significant impact on surgical site infection. Closure of the spinal lesion within the first 72 hours of life may be more favorable for neural damage prevention. These results suggest that early myelomeningocele repair may not impart significantly on the rate of wound-site infection.
基金supported by the Zhejiang Province Key Research and Development Program(No.2019C03083)the Zhejiang Provincial Basic Public Welfare Research Program(No.LGF19H150008)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81601681 and 81871558).
文摘Foreign body reactions induced by macrophages often cause delay or failure of wound healing in the application of tissue engineering scaffolds.This study explores the application of nanosilver(NAg)to reduce foreign body reactions during scaffold transplantation.An NAg hybrid collagen-chitosan scaffold(NAg-CCS)was prepared using the freeze-drying method.The NAg-CCS was implanted on the back of rats to evaluate the effects on foreign body reactions.Skin tissue samples were collected for histological and immunological evaluation at variable intervals.Miniature pigs were used to assess the effects of NAg on skin wound healing.The wounds were photographed,and tissue samples were collected for molecular biological analysis at different time points post-transplantation.NAg-CCS has a porous structure and the results showed that it could release NAg constantly for two weeks.The NAg-CCS group rarely developed a foreign body reaction,while the blank-CCS group showed granulomas or necrosis in the subcutaneous grafting experiment.Both matrix metalloproteinase-1(MMP-1)and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1(TIMP-1)were reduced significantly in the NAg-CCS group.The NAg-CCS group had higher interleukin(IL)-10 and lower IL-6 than the blank CCS group.In the wound healing study,M1 macrophage activation and inflammatory-related proteins inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS),IL-6,and interferon-(IFN-)were inhibited by NAg.In contrast,M2 macrophage activation and proinflammatory proteins(arginase-1),major histocompatibility complex-II(MHC-II),and found in inflammatory zone-1(FIZZ-1)were promoted,and this was responsible for suppressing the foreign body responses and accelerating wound healing.In conclusion,dermal scaffolds containing NAg suppressed the foreign body reaction by regulating macrophages and the expression of inflammatory cytokines,thereby promoting wound healing.
基金This work was supported by the Special Support Program for High Level Talents of Shaanxi Province of China,the key R&D plan of Shaanxi Province of China(grant No.2021GXLH-Z-052)State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering of China(grant No.sklms2021006)Young Talent Support Plan of Xi’an Jiaotong University of China(grant No.QY6J003).
文摘Current treatments for full-thickness skin injuries are still unsatisfactory due to the lack of hierarchically stimulated dressings that can integrate the rapid hemostasis,inflammation regulation,and skin tissue remodeling into the one system instead of single-stage boosting.In this work,a multilayer-structured bioactive glass nanopowder(BGN@PTE)is developed by coating the poly-tannic acid andε-polylysine onto the BGN via facile layer-by-layer assembly as an integrative and multilevel dressing for the sequential management of wounds.In comparison to BGN and poly-tannic acid coated BGN,BGN@PTE exhibited the better hemostatic performance because of its multiple dependent approaches to induce the platelet adhesion/activation,red blood cells(RBCs)aggregation and fibrin network formation.Simultaneously,the bioactive ions from BGN facilitate the regulation of the inflammatory response while the poly-tannic acid and antibacterialε-polylysine prevent the wound infection,promoting the wound healing during the inflammatory stage.In addition,BGN@PTE can serve as a reactive oxygen species scavenger,alleviate the oxidation stress in wound injury,induce the cell migration and angiogenesis,and promote the proliferation stage of wound repair.Therefore,BGN@PTE demonstrated the significantly higher wound repair capacity than the commercial bioglass dressing Dermlin™.This multifunctional BGN@PTE is a potentially valuable dressing for full-thickness wound management and may be expected to extend to the other wounds therapy.
基金supported by the National Natu-ral Science Foundation of China (T2288101,31971266,82272152,22075087)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2022A1515011925)the Key Research and Development Program of Guangzhou (202007020002).
文摘The microenvironment of the wound bed is essential in the regulation of wound repair.In this regard,strategies that provide a repairing favorable microenvironment may effectively improve healing outcomes.Herein,we attempted to use electrical stimulation(ES)to boost the paracrine function of adipose-derived stem cells from rats(rASCs).By examining the concentrations of two important growth factors,VEGF and PDGF-AA,in the cell culture supernatant,we found that ES,especially 5𝜇A ES,stimulated rASCs to produce more paracrine factors(5𝜇A-PFs).Further studies showed that ES may modulate the paracrine properties of rASCs by upregulating the levels of TRPV2 and TRPV3,thereby inducing intracellular Ca^(2+) influx.To deliver the PFs to the wound to effectively improve the wound microenvironment,we prepared a heparinized PGA host-guest hydrogel(PGA-Hp hydrogel).Moreover,PGA-Hp hydrogel loaded with 5𝜇A-PFs effectively accelerated the repair process of the full-thickness wound model in rats.Our findings revealed the effects of ES on the paracrine properties of rASCs and highlighted the potential application of heparinized PGA host-guest hydrogels loaded with PFs derived from electrically stimulated rASCs in wound repair.
基金supported by the Israeli Science Foundation(grant no.1207/22 to AA).
文摘Skin wound repair is a multifactorial process involving immune and nonimmune cells,such as mast cells,neutrophils,lymphocytes,monocytes,macrophages,keratinocytes,fibroblasts,and endothelial cells.In diabetic patients,this process is significantly hindered,resulting in chronic complications,such as diabetic foot,which is typically associated with difficult-to-heal ulcers1.Recently,the roles of monocytes,their derived macrophages,and skin-resident macrophages in cutaneous wound repair have gained significant appreciation.The conversion of macrophages from M1-like inflammatory cells to M2-like reparative cells has been associated with metabolic dysregulation under diabetic conditions.Reparative cytokines,angiogenic factors,and growth factors released by M2 macrophages are believed to be key contributors to proper wound repair.The persistence of M1 macrophages and the inflammatory state during diabetes or in response to a high-fat diet results in nonhealing wounds.
基金This work was financially supported by the following foundations:National Key Research and Development Program(No.2022YFC2403201)National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.52125305)+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51903149)the Foundation of Henan Educational Committee(Nos.21A150029,23B430001)the Key Science and Technology Project of Henan Province(Nos.212102310856,222102310595).
文摘Supramolecular-polymeric hybrid hydrogels combining advantages of the assembled supramolecular networks and polymeric networks have attracted considerable attention recently.However,they are rarely used as multi-functional wound dressing materials.In this work,we report a supramolecular-polymeric hybrid hydrogel consisting of a co-assembled DBS-COOH/Naproxen network(DBS/NAP)and a polymeric gelatin(G)/quaternary ammonium group(Q)and phenylboronic acid groups(PBA)-grafted chitosan(QCS-PBA)network(G/QCS)for accelerating skin wound healing.The polymeric networks could obviously enhance the mechanical properties of the drug-derived supramolecular networks.Q groups endowed the hydrogel with enhanced antibacterial properties.Borate ester crosslinking between PBA groups and diol groups in DBS-COOH could effectively scavenge reactive radicals.The hybrid hydrogel exhibited tunable mechanical and adhesive properties due to the temperature-responsive gelatin networks.NAP could gradually release from hybrid hydrogel networks thus continuously relieving inflammation.Finally,the biocompatible,adhesive,antibacterial and antioxidant hybrid G/QCS-DBS/NAP gel could promote the in vivo healing stages in a full-thickness wounds with increased collagen deposition,upregulated CD31 expression and down-regulated TNF-αexpression.Overall,this multi-functional supramolecular-polymeric hybrid hydrogel exhibited great potential for treating skin defects as promising wound dressing materials.
基金This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.22032003,82072478,and 82073437).
文摘Hydrogel products for chronic diabetic wounds,a serious and prevalent complication of diabetes,show limited effects on disability and remain nonspecific.Thus,improvements in the usage of pharmaceutical molecule in the hydrogels are highly desirable to increase the therapeutic effect of hydrogels.In this study,thioctic acid(a common medicine molecule in diabetes treatment)is used for preparing regenerative antibacterial hydrogels(RAH)which contains in situ synthesized silver nanoparticles(AgNPs).The RAH shows regenerative,self-healing and injectable ability,because of the reversible hydrogen and coordination bonds.With good regenerative capacity,RAH can be stored as powder to avoid the water loss and facilitate storage availability.Owing to the antioxidant properties of thioctic acid,the RAH can decrease the oxidative damage and retain cell proliferation efficiency.Due to the in situ synthesized AgNPs,the RAH also exhibits extraordinary antimicrobial capacities against MDR bacteria.All of these superiorities enable RAH to be a promising therapy for chronic diabetic wounds.
基金Shenzhen Funds of the Central Government to Guide Local Scientific and Technological Development,Grant/Award Number:2021SZVUP123Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province,Grant/Award Number:2021B1515120019+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:82072071Sichuan Science and Technology Program,Grant/Award Number:2022YFS0040Central University Basic Research Fund of China,Grant/Award Numbers:202241010,2682020ZT79。
文摘The clinical requirements for wound care are increasing daily, and the global wound dressing market is expanding;however, the research and development of new wound dressings are imminent. Natural biomolecules such as polyphenols, have been widely used in this field of vision. Owing to their unique anti-oxidative, adhesive, antibacterial and other bioactive functions, researchers have developed a series of wound dressings with excellent performance and applied them to a variety of biomaterials, such as hydrogels, nanofibers, films and scaffolds. They can effectively promote angiogenesis and fibroblast migration and proliferation, scavenge active oxygen free radicals, inhibit excessive in-flammatory reactions at wound sites and ultimately accelerate wound healing. The authors summarise the latest progress in polyphenol-derived biomaterials in skin wound repair to provide inspiration for future wound dressing research.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51773231,81572726,and 82102977)Science and Technology Planning Project of Shenzhen Municipality(JCYJ20190807160801664,China)。
文摘Biofilms are closely associated with the tough healing and dysfunctional inflammation of chronic wounds.Photothermal therapy(PTT)emerged as a suitable alternative which could destroy the structure of biofilms with local physical heat.However,the efficacy of PTT is limited because the excessive hyperthermia could damage surrounding tissues.Besides,the difficult reserve and delivery of photothermal agents makes PTT hard to eradicate biofilms as expectation.Herein,we present a GelMA-EGF/Gelatin-MPDA-LZM bilayer hydrogel dressing to perform lysozyme-enhanced PTT for biofilms eradication and a further acceleration to the repair of chronic wounds.Gelatin was used as inner layer hydrogel to reserve lysozyme(LZM)loaded mesoporous polydopamine(MPDA)(MPDA-LZM)nanoparticles,which could rapidly liquefy while temperature rising so as to achieve a bulk release of nanoparticles.MPDA-LZM nanoparticles serve as photothermal agents with antibacterial capability,could deeply penetrate and destroy biofilms.In addition,the outer layer hydrogel consisted of gelatin methacryloyl(GelMA)and epidermal growth factor(EGF)promoted wound healing and tissue regeneration.It displayed remarkable efficacy on alleviating infection and accelerating wound healing in vivo.Overall,the innovative therapeutic strategy we came up with has significant effect on biofilms eradication and shows promising application in promoting the repair of clinical chronic wounds.
基金supported by the Novo Nordisk Foundation(NNF180C0034936)the Lundbeck Foundation(R380-2021-1262)(to CD and JN)。
文摘Loss of plasma membrane integrity can compromise cell functioning and viability.To countera ct this eminent threat,euka ryotic cells have developed efficient repair mechanisms,which seem to have co-evolved with the emergence of vital membrane processes(Cooper and McNeil,2015).This relationship between basic cellular functioning and membrane repair highlights the fundamental significance of preserving membrane integrity for cellular life.
文摘Background: Bilayer artificial dermis promotes wound healing and offers a treatment option for chronic wounds. Aim: Examine the clinical efficacy of bilayer artificial dermis combined with Vacuum Sealing Drainage (VSD) technology in the treatment of chronic wounds. Method: From June 2021 to December 2023, our hospital treated 24 patients with chronic skin tissue wounds on their limbs using a novel tissue engineering product, the bilayer artificial dermis, in combination with VSD technology to repair the wounds. The bilayer artificial dermis protects subcutaneous tissue, blood vessels, nerves, muscles, and tendons, and also promotes the growth of granulation tissue and blood vessels to aid in wound healing when used in conjunction with VSD technology for wound dressing changes in chronic wounds. Results: In this study, 24 cases of chronic wounds with exposed bone or tendon larger than 1.0 cm2 were treated with a bilayer artificial skin combined with VSD dressing after wound debridement. The wounds were not suitable for immediate skin grafting. At 2 - 3 weeks post-treatment, good granulation tissue growth was observed. Subsequent procedures included thick skin grafting or wound dressing changes until complete wound healing. Patients were followed up on average for 3 months (range: 1 - 12 months) post-surgery. Comparative analysis of the appearance, function, skin color, elasticity, and sensation of the healed chronic wounds revealed superior outcomes compared to traditional skin fl repairs, resulting in significantly higher satisfaction levels among patients and their families. Conclusion: The application of bilayer artificial dermis combined with VSD technology for the repair of chronic wounds proves to be a viable method, yielding satisfactory therapeutic effects compared to traditional skin flap procedures.
文摘The repeated failures of any equipment or systems are modeled as a renewal process. The management needs an assessment of the number of future failures to allocate the resources needed for fast repairs. Based on the idea of expectation by conditioning, special Volterra-type integral equations are derived for general types of repairs, considering the length of repair and reduced degradation of the idle object. In addition to minimal repair and failure replacement, partial repairs are also discussed when the repair results in reduction of the number of future failures or decreases the effective age of the object. Numerical integration-based algorithm and simulation study are performed to solve the resulting integral equation. Since the geometry degradation in different dimensions of a rail track and controlling and maintaining defects are of importance, a numerical example using the rail industry data is conducted. Expected number of failures of different failure type modes in rail track is calculated within a two-year interval. Results show that within a two-year period, anticipated occurrences of cross level failures, surface failures, and DPI failures are 2.4, 3.8, and 5.8, respectively.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(52374288,52204298)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by China Association for Science and Technology(2022QNRC001)+2 种基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC3900805-4/7)Hunan Provincial Education Office Foundation of China(No.21B0147)Collaborative Innovation Centre for Clean and Efficient Utilization of Strategic Metal Mineral Resources,Found of State Key Laboratory of Mineral Processing(BGRIMM-KJSKL-2017-13)。
文摘Spent battery recycling has received considerable attention because of its economic and environmental potential.A large amount of retired graphite has been produced as the main electrode material,accompanied by a detailed exploration of the repair mechanism.However,they still suffer from unclear repair mechanisms and physicochemical evolution.In this study,spent graphite was repaired employing three methodologies:pickling-sintering,pyrogenic-recovery,and high-temperature sintering.Owing to the catalytic effect of the metal-based impurities and temperature control,the as-obtained samples displayed an ordered transformation,including the interlayer distance,crystalline degree,and grain size.As anodes of lithium ions batteries,the capacity of repaired samples reached up to 310 mA h g^(-1)above after 300loops at 1.0 C,similar to that of commercial graphite.Meanwhile,benefitting from the effective assembly of carbon atoms in internal structure of graphite at>1400℃,their initial coulombic efficiency were>87%.Even at 2.0 C,the capacity of samples remained approximately 244 mA h g^(-1)after 500 cycles.Detailed electrochemical and kinetic analyses revealed that a low temperature enhanced the isotropy,thereby enhancing the rate properties.Further,economic and environmental analyses revealed that the revenue obtained through suitable pyrogenic-recovering manners was approximately the largest value(5500$t^(-1)).Thus,this study is expected to clarify the in-depth effect of different repair methods on the traits of graphite,while offering all-round evaluations of repaired graphite.
文摘Purpose: The aim is to show epidemiological, clinical and etiological characteristics of palpebral wounds. Methodology: This was a retrospective study focusing on patients with an eyelid wound, over a 10-year period from 2012 to 2021. We collected and analyzed the data using Excel. Results: The frequency of eyelid wounds was 0.1%. The average age of our patients was 19.38 years with a range of 1 and 62 years. The sex ratio was 3.7. Eighty-one percent of patients lived in Dakar. Fifty-seven percent (57%) of patients consulted less than 24 hours after the trauma and 7% of patients on D1. The circumstances were brawls (11%), domestic accidents (9%), road accidents (6%), and work accidents (6%). We noted 1 case of dog bite. Thirteen patients presented with post-traumatic decreased visual acuity. Involvement of the isolated upper eyelid was noted in 40% of cases and both eyelids in 15% of cases. Involvement of the lacrimal ducts was noted in 17% of cases, and that of the free edge in 21% of cases. Eyelid wounds were associated with eyeball damage in 21% of cases. Various associated lesions were observed. Ninety-one percent of patients received surgical treatment. Three cases of superinfections, 1 case of conjunctival granuloma and 1 case of phthysis of the eyeball with postoperative retinal detachment were noted. Conclusion: Eyelid sores are relatively common in our context. They require rapid surgical treatment in order to preserve the functional and aesthetic prognosis. .
