β-Sitosterol is a type of phytosterol that occurs naturally in plants.Previous studies have shown that it has anti-oxidant,anti-hyperlipidemic,anti-inflammatory,immunomodulatory,and anti-tumor effects,but it is unkno...β-Sitosterol is a type of phytosterol that occurs naturally in plants.Previous studies have shown that it has anti-oxidant,anti-hyperlipidemic,anti-inflammatory,immunomodulatory,and anti-tumor effects,but it is unknown whetherβ-sitosterol treatment reduces the effects of ischemic stroke.Here we found that,in a mouse model of ischemic stroke induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion,β-sitosterol reduced the volume of cerebral infarction and brain edema,reduced neuronal apoptosis in brain tissue,and alleviated neurological dysfunction;moreover,β-sitosterol increased the activity of oxygen-and glucose-deprived cerebral cortex neurons and reduced apoptosis.Further investigation showed that the neuroprotective effects ofβ-sitosterol may be related to inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress caused by intracellular cholesterol accumulation after ischemic stroke.In addition,β-sitosterol showed high affinity for NPC1L1,a key transporter of cholesterol,and antagonized its activity.In conclusion,β-sitosterol may help treat ischemic stroke by inhibiting neuronal intracellular cholesterol overload/endoplasmic reticulum stress/apoptosis signaling pathways.展开更多
Objective:To study the isolation and characterization of the constituent responsible for the cytotoxic activity of the ethanolic extract of stem of Capparis decidua（C.decidua）.Methods:The preliminary cytotoxic effec...Objective:To study the isolation and characterization of the constituent responsible for the cytotoxic activity of the ethanolic extract of stem of Capparis decidua（C.decidua）.Methods:The preliminary cytotoxic effect of isolated compound（β-Sitosterol triacontenate） was investigated by MTT assay on A549 solid tumor cells.Results:IC<sub>50</sub> value of theβ-Sitosterol triacontenate was found to be 1μM.The cytotoxic activity increased in a dose dependent manner in case ofβ-Sitosterol triacontenate.Conclusions:The data therefore provide direct evidence for the role ofβ-Sitosterol triacontenate as a potent antimetastatic agent,which can markedly inhibit the metastatic and invasive capacity of malignant cells.展开更多
Objective:To optimize the ultrasonication method for efficient extraction ofβ-sitosterol and lupeol from the roots of Astragalus atropilosus using Box-Behnken design of response surface methodology(RSM),and its valid...Objective:To optimize the ultrasonication method for efficient extraction ofβ-sitosterol and lupeol from the roots of Astragalus atropilosus using Box-Behnken design of response surface methodology(RSM),and its validation by high performance thin layer chromatography(HPTLC)method.Methods:Ultrasonication method was used to extractβ-sitosterol and lupeol from Astragalus atropilosus(roots).RSM was used to optimize the different extraction parameters viz.liquid to solid ratio(10–14 m L/g),temperature(60-80℃)and time(40–60 min)to maximize the yield ofβ-sitosterol and lupeol.The quantitative estimation ofβ-sitosterol and lupeol was done in chloroform extract of Astragalus atropilosus by validated HPTLC method on 10 cm×20 cm glass-backed silica gel 60 F254 plate using hexane and ethyl acetate(8:2,v/v)as mobile phase.Results:A quadratic polynomial model was found to be most appropriate with regard to R1(yield of total extraction;R2/%CV=0.9948/0.28),R2(β-sitosterol yield;R2/%CV=0.9923/0.39)and R3(lupeol yield;R2/%CV=0.9942/0.97).The values of adjusted R2/predicted R2/signal to noise ratio for R1,R2,and R3 were 0.9782/0.9551/48.77,0.9904/0.9110/31.33,and 0.9927/0.9401/36.08,respectively,indicating a high degree of correlation and adequate signal.The linear correlation plot between the predicted and experimental values for R1,R2,and R3 showed high values of R2 ranging from 0.9905-0.9973.β-sitosterol and lupeol in chloroform extract of Astragalus atropilosus were detected at Rf values of 0.22 and 0.34,respectively,atλmax=518 nm.The optimized ultrasonic extraction produced 8.462%w/w of R1,0.451%w/w of R2 and 0.172%w/w of R3 at 13.5 m L/g liquid to solid ratio,78℃of temperature and 60 min of time.Conclusions:The experimental findings of RSM optimized extraction and HPTLC analysis can be further applied for the efficient extraction ofβ-sitosterol and lupeol in other species of Astragalus.展开更多
Phytosterols are a group of steroids alcohols which had been regarded as a functional factor. An unknown compound in phytosterol samples and phytosterol standard samples was detected by HPLC using symmetry C18 column....Phytosterols are a group of steroids alcohols which had been regarded as a functional factor. An unknown compound in phytosterol samples and phytosterol standard samples was detected by HPLC using symmetry C18 column. The quan- tity of the compound was increased with the enrichment of β-sitosterol. After being collected and analyzed by GC-MS and compared with standard diagram from Wiley and Nist standard chart library, it proved to be γ-sitosterol, a 24β epimer of β-sitosterol.展开更多
Electrospinning was used as a novel technique for fabricating polymeric nanofibers of a serum cholesterol lowering and poorly water-soluble plant sterol, β-sitosterol. Chitosan was used as a stabilizer/carrier polyme...Electrospinning was used as a novel technique for fabricating polymeric nanofibers of a serum cholesterol lowering and poorly water-soluble plant sterol, β-sitosterol. Chitosan was used as a stabilizer/carrier polymer. The mean diameters of nanofibers ranged from 150 nm to218 nm. β-sitosterol was in an amorphous form and homogeneously dispersed in the nanofibers. The β-sitosterol-loaded nanofibers were freely water-soluble and exhibited very short lag-time in releasing the plant sterol. The dissolution was associated with an immediate recrystallization of β-sitosterol in submicron level. In conclusion, electrospinning is a promising future technology for the formulation of poorly water-soluble plant sterols.展开更多
Objective To establish an RP-HPLC method for the determination of β-Sitosterol in Elaeagnus Gonyanthes Benth.Methods The separation was performed on a luna C8(2)(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)column with the mobile phase o...Objective To establish an RP-HPLC method for the determination of β-Sitosterol in Elaeagnus Gonyanthes Benth.Methods The separation was performed on a luna C8(2)(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)column with the mobile phase of methanol-water(88∶12,v/v)at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min,the detection wavelength was set at 210 nm,and the temperature of the column was maintained at 35 ℃.Results The calibration curve of β-Sitosterol was linear over the concentration range of 0.075-0.375 mg/mL(r=0.9999)and the average recovery of β-Sitosterol was 96.30% with RSD of 3.60%(n=3).Conclusion The method is simple,rapid,and accurate,and can be used for the quality control of Elaeagnus Gonyanthes Benth.展开更多
[Objectives]A method for the determination ofβ-sitosterol in Plumbago zeylanica L.was established and the content ofβ-sitosterol in different medicinal parts,different producing areas and different harvest periods w...[Objectives]A method for the determination ofβ-sitosterol in Plumbago zeylanica L.was established and the content ofβ-sitosterol in different medicinal parts,different producing areas and different harvest periods were compared.[Methods]High performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)-evaporative light scattering detector assay was used.The chromatographic column was Kromasil C_(18) column(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);the mobile phase was pure methanol;the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min;the column temperature was 30℃.The detection parameters of evaporative light scattering detector were as follows:drift tube temperature was 40℃,carrier gas(N_(2))pressure was 3.5 bar.[Results]There was a good linear relationship betweenβ-sitosterol(1.080-4.860μg)and the natural logarithm of peak area(r=0.9995).The average recovery rate was 99.80%.The content ofβ-sitosterol in root and stem was 0.2074 and 0.4064 mg/g,respectively,but it was not found in leaves;the content ofβ-sitosterol in P.zeylanica L.in Guangxi was generally lower than that in Yunnan,and the content ofβ-sitosterol in P.zeylanica L.in Xishuangbanna was the highest;the content ofβ-sitosterol in the stem of P.zeylanica L.was stable at a relatively high level in different harvest periods.[Conclusions]The method is simple,accurate and reproducible,and can be used as one of the methods to control the quality of P.zeylanica L.展开更多
A new series of fatty alkenoates were synthesized using an appropriate synthetic route involving DCC and DMAP as catalysts. Compounds were characterized by their spectral data. All the synthesized compounds were evalu...A new series of fatty alkenoates were synthesized using an appropriate synthetic route involving DCC and DMAP as catalysts. Compounds were characterized by their spectral data. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial activity. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bacterial concentration (MBC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) were determined for test compounds as well as for reference standards. Among the compounds tested, compounds having hydroxy group at the fatty acid chain showed the most potent antibacterial as well as antifungal activities.展开更多
The title compound β-sitosterol(C29H50O), an active phytosterol in many medicinal and edible plants, was characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis and extensive nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) data. It crystallizes...The title compound β-sitosterol(C29H50O), an active phytosterol in many medicinal and edible plants, was characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis and extensive nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) data. It crystallizes in monoclinic system, space group P21 with C29H50O·1/2H2O, a = 9.4226(7), b = 7.4824(9), c = 36.889(3) , V = 2597.0(4) 3, Z = 4, Dx = 1.084 g/cm3, Mr = 423.70, F(000) = 948, and μ = 0.064 mm-1. The final R = 0.0886 and wR = 0.2234 for 10157 observed reflections(I > 2σ(I)). The molecular crystal structure of β-sitosterol shows relative stereochemistry of 24R-ethylcholest-5-en-3β-ol. The molecule is composed of one steroid nucleus(3 six-membered rings and 1 five-membered ring) and one sidechain of 10 carbons. There are two C29H50O molecules and one H2O molecule in a symmetrical unit, and the title compound is stacked into a special laminated structure through hydrogen bonds and van der Waal forces. The special laminated structure was first reported.展开更多
Camellia oil and olive oil with superior economic value are easily adulterated with other,cheaper oils.It is difficult to identify both oils by traditional methods because of their similar fatty acid profiles.In the p...Camellia oil and olive oil with superior economic value are easily adulterated with other,cheaper oils.It is difficult to identify both oils by traditional methods because of their similar fatty acid profiles.In the present study,a novel method for qualitative and quantitative analysis ofβ-sitosterol using GC/MS and GC/FID was developed to identify camellia oil and olive oil.The method validation ofβ-sitosterol analysis showed good linearity and satisfactory values for recovery,accuracy,precision,and repeatability.The linear regression coefficient(R^(2))of the calibration curve was 0.9985.An acceptable limit of detection(0.36 mg/100 g)and limit of quantification(1.20 mg/100 g)were achieved.The spiked recoveries were 95.0%to 100.3%.The relative standard deviation(RSD)of within-day precision was less than 3.26%,and the RSD of retention times and peak areas for repeatability were within 0.03%and 1.08%,respectively.The contents ofβ-sitosterol in virgin camellia oil and virgin olive oil were in the range of 14.1–30.2 mg/100 g and 94.3–173.2 mg/100 g,respectively,indicating that theβ-sitosterol content in the former is seven times that in the latter,andβ-sitosterol could be a potential marker for the authentication and adulteration detection of both oils.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82104158(to XT),31800887(to LY),31972902(to LY),82001422(to YL)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,No.2020M683750(to LY)partially by Young Talent Fund of University Association for Science and Technology in Shaanxi Province of China,No.20200307(to LY).
文摘β-Sitosterol is a type of phytosterol that occurs naturally in plants.Previous studies have shown that it has anti-oxidant,anti-hyperlipidemic,anti-inflammatory,immunomodulatory,and anti-tumor effects,but it is unknown whetherβ-sitosterol treatment reduces the effects of ischemic stroke.Here we found that,in a mouse model of ischemic stroke induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion,β-sitosterol reduced the volume of cerebral infarction and brain edema,reduced neuronal apoptosis in brain tissue,and alleviated neurological dysfunction;moreover,β-sitosterol increased the activity of oxygen-and glucose-deprived cerebral cortex neurons and reduced apoptosis.Further investigation showed that the neuroprotective effects ofβ-sitosterol may be related to inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress caused by intracellular cholesterol accumulation after ischemic stroke.In addition,β-sitosterol showed high affinity for NPC1L1,a key transporter of cholesterol,and antagonized its activity.In conclusion,β-sitosterol may help treat ischemic stroke by inhibiting neuronal intracellular cholesterol overload/endoplasmic reticulum stress/apoptosis signaling pathways.
文摘Objective:To study the isolation and characterization of the constituent responsible for the cytotoxic activity of the ethanolic extract of stem of Capparis decidua（C.decidua）.Methods:The preliminary cytotoxic effect of isolated compound（β-Sitosterol triacontenate） was investigated by MTT assay on A549 solid tumor cells.Results:IC<sub>50</sub> value of theβ-Sitosterol triacontenate was found to be 1μM.The cytotoxic activity increased in a dose dependent manner in case ofβ-Sitosterol triacontenate.Conclusions:The data therefore provide direct evidence for the role ofβ-Sitosterol triacontenate as a potent antimetastatic agent,which can markedly inhibit the metastatic and invasive capacity of malignant cells.
基金the Researchers Supporting Project Number(RSP-2019/132),King Saud University,Riyadh,Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
文摘Objective:To optimize the ultrasonication method for efficient extraction ofβ-sitosterol and lupeol from the roots of Astragalus atropilosus using Box-Behnken design of response surface methodology(RSM),and its validation by high performance thin layer chromatography(HPTLC)method.Methods:Ultrasonication method was used to extractβ-sitosterol and lupeol from Astragalus atropilosus(roots).RSM was used to optimize the different extraction parameters viz.liquid to solid ratio(10–14 m L/g),temperature(60-80℃)and time(40–60 min)to maximize the yield ofβ-sitosterol and lupeol.The quantitative estimation ofβ-sitosterol and lupeol was done in chloroform extract of Astragalus atropilosus by validated HPTLC method on 10 cm×20 cm glass-backed silica gel 60 F254 plate using hexane and ethyl acetate(8:2,v/v)as mobile phase.Results:A quadratic polynomial model was found to be most appropriate with regard to R1(yield of total extraction;R2/%CV=0.9948/0.28),R2(β-sitosterol yield;R2/%CV=0.9923/0.39)and R3(lupeol yield;R2/%CV=0.9942/0.97).The values of adjusted R2/predicted R2/signal to noise ratio for R1,R2,and R3 were 0.9782/0.9551/48.77,0.9904/0.9110/31.33,and 0.9927/0.9401/36.08,respectively,indicating a high degree of correlation and adequate signal.The linear correlation plot between the predicted and experimental values for R1,R2,and R3 showed high values of R2 ranging from 0.9905-0.9973.β-sitosterol and lupeol in chloroform extract of Astragalus atropilosus were detected at Rf values of 0.22 and 0.34,respectively,atλmax=518 nm.The optimized ultrasonic extraction produced 8.462%w/w of R1,0.451%w/w of R2 and 0.172%w/w of R3 at 13.5 m L/g liquid to solid ratio,78℃of temperature and 60 min of time.Conclusions:The experimental findings of RSM optimized extraction and HPTLC analysis can be further applied for the efficient extraction ofβ-sitosterol and lupeol in other species of Astragalus.
文摘Phytosterols are a group of steroids alcohols which had been regarded as a functional factor. An unknown compound in phytosterol samples and phytosterol standard samples was detected by HPLC using symmetry C18 column. The quan- tity of the compound was increased with the enrichment of β-sitosterol. After being collected and analyzed by GC-MS and compared with standard diagram from Wiley and Nist standard chart library, it proved to be γ-sitosterol, a 24β epimer of β-sitosterol.
基金This study is supported by the European Social Fund’s Doctoral Studies and Internationalisation Programme DoRa.The work is part of the ETF Grant Project No.ETF7980 and IUT-34-18 Project.Kerly Kustavus is kindly acknowledged for drawing the chemical structures of plant sterols.Dr.Korbinian Löbmann is kindly acknowledged for providing the Mercury files for the theoretical XRPD pattern calculations.Dr.H.A.Santos acknowledges financial support from the Academy of Finland(Decision No.252215).
文摘Electrospinning was used as a novel technique for fabricating polymeric nanofibers of a serum cholesterol lowering and poorly water-soluble plant sterol, β-sitosterol. Chitosan was used as a stabilizer/carrier polymer. The mean diameters of nanofibers ranged from 150 nm to218 nm. β-sitosterol was in an amorphous form and homogeneously dispersed in the nanofibers. The β-sitosterol-loaded nanofibers were freely water-soluble and exhibited very short lag-time in releasing the plant sterol. The dissolution was associated with an immediate recrystallization of β-sitosterol in submicron level. In conclusion, electrospinning is a promising future technology for the formulation of poorly water-soluble plant sterols.
文摘Objective To establish an RP-HPLC method for the determination of β-Sitosterol in Elaeagnus Gonyanthes Benth.Methods The separation was performed on a luna C8(2)(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)column with the mobile phase of methanol-water(88∶12,v/v)at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min,the detection wavelength was set at 210 nm,and the temperature of the column was maintained at 35 ℃.Results The calibration curve of β-Sitosterol was linear over the concentration range of 0.075-0.375 mg/mL(r=0.9999)and the average recovery of β-Sitosterol was 96.30% with RSD of 3.60%(n=3).Conclusion The method is simple,rapid,and accurate,and can be used for the quality control of Elaeagnus Gonyanthes Benth.
文摘[Objectives]A method for the determination ofβ-sitosterol in Plumbago zeylanica L.was established and the content ofβ-sitosterol in different medicinal parts,different producing areas and different harvest periods were compared.[Methods]High performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)-evaporative light scattering detector assay was used.The chromatographic column was Kromasil C_(18) column(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);the mobile phase was pure methanol;the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min;the column temperature was 30℃.The detection parameters of evaporative light scattering detector were as follows:drift tube temperature was 40℃,carrier gas(N_(2))pressure was 3.5 bar.[Results]There was a good linear relationship betweenβ-sitosterol(1.080-4.860μg)and the natural logarithm of peak area(r=0.9995).The average recovery rate was 99.80%.The content ofβ-sitosterol in root and stem was 0.2074 and 0.4064 mg/g,respectively,but it was not found in leaves;the content ofβ-sitosterol in P.zeylanica L.in Guangxi was generally lower than that in Yunnan,and the content ofβ-sitosterol in P.zeylanica L.in Xishuangbanna was the highest;the content ofβ-sitosterol in the stem of P.zeylanica L.was stable at a relatively high level in different harvest periods.[Conclusions]The method is simple,accurate and reproducible,and can be used as one of the methods to control the quality of P.zeylanica L.
文摘A new series of fatty alkenoates were synthesized using an appropriate synthetic route involving DCC and DMAP as catalysts. Compounds were characterized by their spectral data. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial activity. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bacterial concentration (MBC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) were determined for test compounds as well as for reference standards. Among the compounds tested, compounds having hydroxy group at the fatty acid chain showed the most potent antibacterial as well as antifungal activities.
基金Supported by Shanghai Special Foundation on Nanomaterials(0243nm305)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(2007AA10Z350)
基金Supported by the public welfare research special project in State Administration for Quality Supervision and Inspection and Quarantine(No.201210209)
文摘The title compound β-sitosterol(C29H50O), an active phytosterol in many medicinal and edible plants, was characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis and extensive nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) data. It crystallizes in monoclinic system, space group P21 with C29H50O·1/2H2O, a = 9.4226(7), b = 7.4824(9), c = 36.889(3) , V = 2597.0(4) 3, Z = 4, Dx = 1.084 g/cm3, Mr = 423.70, F(000) = 948, and μ = 0.064 mm-1. The final R = 0.0886 and wR = 0.2234 for 10157 observed reflections(I > 2σ(I)). The molecular crystal structure of β-sitosterol shows relative stereochemistry of 24R-ethylcholest-5-en-3β-ol. The molecule is composed of one steroid nucleus(3 six-membered rings and 1 five-membered ring) and one sidechain of 10 carbons. There are two C29H50O molecules and one H2O molecule in a symmetrical unit, and the title compound is stacked into a special laminated structure through hydrogen bonds and van der Waal forces. The special laminated structure was first reported.
基金This research was funded by the“Pioneer”and“Leading Goose”R&D Program of Zhejiang Province(No.2023C02044)Zhejiang Province Key Research and Development Program(No.2021C02032)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.LQ20C200013),China.
文摘Camellia oil and olive oil with superior economic value are easily adulterated with other,cheaper oils.It is difficult to identify both oils by traditional methods because of their similar fatty acid profiles.In the present study,a novel method for qualitative and quantitative analysis ofβ-sitosterol using GC/MS and GC/FID was developed to identify camellia oil and olive oil.The method validation ofβ-sitosterol analysis showed good linearity and satisfactory values for recovery,accuracy,precision,and repeatability.The linear regression coefficient(R^(2))of the calibration curve was 0.9985.An acceptable limit of detection(0.36 mg/100 g)and limit of quantification(1.20 mg/100 g)were achieved.The spiked recoveries were 95.0%to 100.3%.The relative standard deviation(RSD)of within-day precision was less than 3.26%,and the RSD of retention times and peak areas for repeatability were within 0.03%and 1.08%,respectively.The contents ofβ-sitosterol in virgin camellia oil and virgin olive oil were in the range of 14.1–30.2 mg/100 g and 94.3–173.2 mg/100 g,respectively,indicating that theβ-sitosterol content in the former is seven times that in the latter,andβ-sitosterol could be a potential marker for the authentication and adulteration detection of both oils.
