This paper studied the effect of ferric chloride on waste sludge digestion,dewatering and sedimentation under the optimized doses in co-precipitation phosphorus removal process.The experimental results showed that the...This paper studied the effect of ferric chloride on waste sludge digestion,dewatering and sedimentation under the optimized doses in co-precipitation phosphorus removal process.The experimental results showed that the concentration of mixed liquid suspended solid(MLSS) was 2436 mg.L-1 and 2385 mg.L-1 in co-precipitation phosphorus removal process(CPR) and biological phosphorous removal process(BPR),respectively.The sludge reduction ratio for each process was 22.6% and 24.6% in aerobic digestion,and 27.6% and 29.9% in anaerobic digestion,respectively.Due to the addition of chemical to the end of aeration tank,the sludge content of CPR was slightly higher than that of BPR,but the sludge reduction rate for both processes had no distinct difference.The sludge volume index(SVI) and sludge specific resistance of BPR were 126 ml.g-1 and 11.7×1012 m.kg-1,respectively,while those of CPR were only 98 ml.g-1 and 7.1×1012 m.kg-1,indicating that CPR chemical could improve sludge settling and dewatering.展开更多
In order to evaluate and integrate travel time reliability and capacity reliability of a road network subjected to ice and snowfall conditions,the conceptions of travel time reliability and capacity reliability were d...In order to evaluate and integrate travel time reliability and capacity reliability of a road network subjected to ice and snowfall conditions,the conceptions of travel time reliability and capacity reliability were defined under special conditions.The link travel time model(ice and snowfall based-bureau public road,ISB-BPR) and the path choice decision model(elastic demand user equilibrium,EDUE) were proposed.The integrated reliability was defined and the model was set up.Monte Carlo simulation was used to calculate the model and a numerical example was provided to demonstrate the application of the model and efficiency of the solution algorithm.The results show that the intensity of ice and snowfall,the traffic demand and supply,and the requirements for level of service(LOS) have great influence on the reliability of a road network.For example,the reliability drops from 65% to 5% when the traffic demand increases by 30%.The comprehensive performance index may be used for network planning,design and maintenance.展开更多
This paper analyzes the shortcomings of the current organizational structure of real estate development enterprises in China. Integrating the idea of Business Process Reengineering （BPR） with organizational reformat...This paper analyzes the shortcomings of the current organizational structure of real estate development enterprises in China. Integrating the idea of Business Process Reengineering （BPR） with organizational reformation, the authors bring out a process-orlented organizational structure. A further study on the application of process-oriented organizational structure in real estate development enterprises is carried out in a test case. Using residence-development process as an example, the authors illustrate the composition and operation of the business process system of real estate development enterprises.展开更多
Increases in consumer requirements for both product and service efficiency and effectiveness have resulted in business process reengineering （BPR）. The re-engineering of business processes is concerned with fundamen...Increases in consumer requirements for both product and service efficiency and effectiveness have resulted in business process reengineering （BPR）. The re-engineering of business processes is concerned with fundamentally rethinking and redesigning business processes to obtain dramatic and sustaining improvements in quality, cost, service, lead-times, outcomes, flexibility and innovation （Hammer ＆ Champy, 1993）. Nowadays, banking industry has reduced structural barriers to competition in domestic markets by abolishing interest rates ceilings on deposits and lending by financial intermediaries in the world. Iran also has not been expected. According to the government＇s decision, the interest rate is going down to be around 9% （before： 22%, and right now： 15%）, and this decision is very risky for the banks in Iran. On these reasons cited above, the banks should employ some strategies to solve their problems. It is because the customers have a vital and key role in this sector, and the banks are dependent to them, 13PR is one strategy to help them in this competitive situation. BPR implementation can provide them, to survive in this better customer service, as well as improvement and management of customer expectations satisfaction and loyalty （Winer, 2001）. This study is a descriptive-correlation research to explain effect of BPR on strengthening of banking sector, focus on customer satisfaction as potential of I^PR. The focus of attention with such applications is customer satisfaction. In this research, a questionnaire was developed containing 18 items each items employed a 7-piont instrument developed to find existent relationship between BPR implementation and customer satisfaction, relationship between employee＇s productivity and efficiency and satisfaction level of customer and also effect of information technology on accomplishment of BPR. In order to validate the instrument, validity and reliability tests were performed and to get reliability. Alpha kronbakh has computed according a pilot study as shown in following items： r HI （with 5 factors） = 75.7%; r H2 （with 7 factors） = 75%; r H3 （with 5 factors） = 81%; R total： （with 17 factors） = 92%展开更多
基金Supported by the Major National Water Sci-Tech Projects of China(2009ZX07210-009)the Department of Environmental Protection of Shandong Province(2006032,2060403)
文摘This paper studied the effect of ferric chloride on waste sludge digestion,dewatering and sedimentation under the optimized doses in co-precipitation phosphorus removal process.The experimental results showed that the concentration of mixed liquid suspended solid(MLSS) was 2436 mg.L-1 and 2385 mg.L-1 in co-precipitation phosphorus removal process(CPR) and biological phosphorous removal process(BPR),respectively.The sludge reduction ratio for each process was 22.6% and 24.6% in aerobic digestion,and 27.6% and 29.9% in anaerobic digestion,respectively.Due to the addition of chemical to the end of aeration tank,the sludge content of CPR was slightly higher than that of BPR,but the sludge reduction rate for both processes had no distinct difference.The sludge volume index(SVI) and sludge specific resistance of BPR were 126 ml.g-1 and 11.7×1012 m.kg-1,respectively,while those of CPR were only 98 ml.g-1 and 7.1×1012 m.kg-1,indicating that CPR chemical could improve sludge settling and dewatering.
基金Project(E200940) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province, ChinaProject(2009GC20008020) supported by the Technology Research and Development Program of Shandong Province, China
文摘In order to evaluate and integrate travel time reliability and capacity reliability of a road network subjected to ice and snowfall conditions,the conceptions of travel time reliability and capacity reliability were defined under special conditions.The link travel time model(ice and snowfall based-bureau public road,ISB-BPR) and the path choice decision model(elastic demand user equilibrium,EDUE) were proposed.The integrated reliability was defined and the model was set up.Monte Carlo simulation was used to calculate the model and a numerical example was provided to demonstrate the application of the model and efficiency of the solution algorithm.The results show that the intensity of ice and snowfall,the traffic demand and supply,and the requirements for level of service(LOS) have great influence on the reliability of a road network.For example,the reliability drops from 65% to 5% when the traffic demand increases by 30%.The comprehensive performance index may be used for network planning,design and maintenance.
文摘This paper analyzes the shortcomings of the current organizational structure of real estate development enterprises in China. Integrating the idea of Business Process Reengineering （BPR） with organizational reformation, the authors bring out a process-orlented organizational structure. A further study on the application of process-oriented organizational structure in real estate development enterprises is carried out in a test case. Using residence-development process as an example, the authors illustrate the composition and operation of the business process system of real estate development enterprises.
文摘Increases in consumer requirements for both product and service efficiency and effectiveness have resulted in business process reengineering （BPR）. The re-engineering of business processes is concerned with fundamentally rethinking and redesigning business processes to obtain dramatic and sustaining improvements in quality, cost, service, lead-times, outcomes, flexibility and innovation （Hammer ＆ Champy, 1993）. Nowadays, banking industry has reduced structural barriers to competition in domestic markets by abolishing interest rates ceilings on deposits and lending by financial intermediaries in the world. Iran also has not been expected. According to the government＇s decision, the interest rate is going down to be around 9% （before： 22%, and right now： 15%）, and this decision is very risky for the banks in Iran. On these reasons cited above, the banks should employ some strategies to solve their problems. It is because the customers have a vital and key role in this sector, and the banks are dependent to them, 13PR is one strategy to help them in this competitive situation. BPR implementation can provide them, to survive in this better customer service, as well as improvement and management of customer expectations satisfaction and loyalty （Winer, 2001）. This study is a descriptive-correlation research to explain effect of BPR on strengthening of banking sector, focus on customer satisfaction as potential of I^PR. The focus of attention with such applications is customer satisfaction. In this research, a questionnaire was developed containing 18 items each items employed a 7-piont instrument developed to find existent relationship between BPR implementation and customer satisfaction, relationship between employee＇s productivity and efficiency and satisfaction level of customer and also effect of information technology on accomplishment of BPR. In order to validate the instrument, validity and reliability tests were performed and to get reliability. Alpha kronbakh has computed according a pilot study as shown in following items： r HI （with 5 factors） = 75.7%; r H2 （with 7 factors） = 75%; r H3 （with 5 factors） = 81%; R total： （with 17 factors） = 92%
