In cultural translation the loss of cultural images often occurs. In most cases translators do so in order to make the target text understood more easily by the readers of the target language. But the result is worse ...In cultural translation the loss of cultural images often occurs. In most cases translators do so in order to make the target text understood more easily by the readers of the target language. But the result is worse quite often, because it usually affects correct transmission of the source text as a whole, what＇s even worse, it will affect the correct grasp of the artistic conception and figures of the source text. And in other cases it is impossible to make source cultural images reappear in the target text. This paper provides some sound examples and reviews of the above.展开更多
Cognitive context is the cognitionalized context of language, situation and context of culture by the individual which is stored and stimulated in individual＇s mind when meaning is processed. The focus of this articl...Cognitive context is the cognitionalized context of language, situation and context of culture by the individual which is stored and stimulated in individual＇s mind when meaning is processed. The focus of this article is on context of culture cognitionalized by individuals. Cognitive context based on culture is the inner force of the processing of associative meaning. Cognitive context reflects the similarities and differences of the understanding of different cultural communities towards the world around them.展开更多
Based on the theory of fuzzy decision making, a two phrase approach is proposed for the decentralized bi level linear programming problem(DBLPP). The approach considers the conflicts between the upper and lower leve...Based on the theory of fuzzy decision making, a two phrase approach is proposed for the decentralized bi level linear programming problem(DBLPP). The approach considers the conflicts between the upper and lower levels decision makers (DMs), and among the lower level DMs themselves, a satisfactory solution is got with the non conflict matrix and decision power distribution. Compared with the other methods that have ever been proposed, the solution process is more fit to a kind of real decision making processes.展开更多
The fusion of urban agriculture, ecotourism and cultural innovation industry has been a necessary way for industry updating, value increase and income im- provement of farmers in suburbs. The methods available of the ...The fusion of urban agriculture, ecotourism and cultural innovation industry has been a necessary way for industry updating, value increase and income im- provement of farmers in suburbs. The methods available of the fusion are as fol- lows： corporation development and operation, led by government with an integrated plan; corporation management and development under guidance of market with sup- port from government; collective development under guidance of market and policies; individual development and operation with the model of ＂villagers participation de- pending on infrastructure provided by government＂. The four routes enjoy exclusive advantages and characters. Hence, different villages and towns should adopt the most suitable one according to local conditions for further development and management.展开更多
Discourse is the language in use. Discourse system is about the study of whole systems of communication. This article tries to analyze the influences of discourse system on intercultural communication from the points ...Discourse is the language in use. Discourse system is about the study of whole systems of communication. This article tries to analyze the influences of discourse system on intercultural communication from the points of ideology, socialization, forms of discourse, face systems and context. Studying intercultural communication from the point of discourse system is an innovative and effective research method, which helps to enhance the participants＇ cultural sensitivity and makes the communication continue.展开更多
Amid the recent global upsurge of studies on the philosophy of emotion, a reinterpretation of traditional Confucian philosophy, especially Mencius＇s ideas on the siduan （Four Original Sources） of morality, may shed...Amid the recent global upsurge of studies on the philosophy of emotion, a reinterpretation of traditional Confucian philosophy, especially Mencius＇s ideas on the siduan （Four Original Sources） of morality, may shed new light on the subject in comparative philosophy. This paper probes the structure of moral feeling and reason described by Mencius＇s from five perspectives： （1） In view of the relationship between feeling and reason, is it better to use the expression ＂siduan＂ or the expression ＂sixin （Four Heart-minds）＂？ （2） In view of dispositional feeling, what are the four original sources？ （3） In view of moral feeling, what are the structural order of the four sources and the corresponding procedure of reasoning of four heart-minds of Humanity？ （4） In view of positive feeling, how does moral feeling grow out of the goodness of human nature？ （5） What is the global value of Mencius＇s ideas on human moral feeling？ The author concludes that Mencius＇s thought on moral feeing has a global value and cross-cultural significance, and that Chinese wisdom is more than regional but universally applicable. The structure of moral feeling and reason that Mencius identified is in accordance with the principles ofzhiliang （grasping the two poles of the beginning and the end） and yongzhong （emloying the middle）. The principles ofzhiliang and yongzhong are true universal wisdoms of Confucianism, which should be rekindled today. From a practical point of view, ＂the Way begins from moral feelings,＂ and Confucius and Yah Hui＇s seeking the simple, virtuous life is an ideal model of emotional well-being.展开更多
In the post-financial crisis era,China is facing dual pressure from reducing carbon emissions and external demand stagnation.The industrial structure changing is in urgent needs.The cultural and creative industries ca...In the post-financial crisis era,China is facing dual pressure from reducing carbon emissions and external demand stagnation.The industrial structure changing is in urgent needs.The cultural and creative industries can expand China's markets through creating and stimulating demands,and can reduce carbon emissions at the same time.By producing both demands and supplies,cultural and creative industries may lead the development of other industries.Since innovation plays a quite important role in the value chain,cultural and creative industries can promote the industrial upgrading and the industrial structure optimization by industrial convergence.展开更多
The scope of this paper is to investigate a number of emerging contemporary popular subgenres, namely that of ＂mumblecore film＂, the ＂best-worst film＂ and ＂the gonzo documentary＂. Unlike historical cinematic mov...The scope of this paper is to investigate a number of emerging contemporary popular subgenres, namely that of ＂mumblecore film＂, the ＂best-worst film＂ and ＂the gonzo documentary＂. Unlike historical cinematic movements, these subgenres are the result of our techocentric culture and commercialism. In this respect these subgenres are less motivated by a collective ideology, but rather a cultural phenomenon resulting from increased access to popular culture, hypermedia devices, social media, and new marketing techniques. This paper investigates the displacement of traditional models of temporality through the metamorphosis of today＇s audiovisual culture, outlining the subject＇s embodiment of voyeurism and exhibitionism, ushering in a hyper-real era of self-myth making and consumption.展开更多
Heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) system catalyzes heme to biologically active products:carbon monoxide,biliverdin/bilirubin and free iron.It is involved in maintaining cellular homeostasis and many physiological and pathophysio...Heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) system catalyzes heme to biologically active products:carbon monoxide,biliverdin/bilirubin and free iron.It is involved in maintaining cellular homeostasis and many physiological and pathophysiological processes.A growing body of evidence indicates that HO-1 activation may play an important protective role in acute and chronic inflammation of gastrointestinal tract.This review focuses on the current understanding of the physiological significance of HO-1 induction and its possible roles in the gastrointestinal inflammation studied to date.The ability to upregulate HO-1 by pharmacological means or using gene therapy may offer therapeutic strategies for gastrointestinal inflammation in the future.展开更多
Trace element(TE) and rare earth element(REE) contents in red soils from the Dongting Lake area of China were determined to understanding the provenance and weathering characteristics of the red soils.The results show...Trace element(TE) and rare earth element(REE) contents in red soils from the Dongting Lake area of China were determined to understanding the provenance and weathering characteristics of the red soils.The results showed similar REE distribution patterns among red soils from the Dongting Lake area,Xiashu loess from Zhenjiang,loess and Pliocene red soil from the Loess Plateau.These patterns implied a similar provenance from dust-storms,except for red soil R5 which formed by bedrock weathering and had significant light REE(LREE) enrichment and heavy REE(HREE) depletion due to longer weathering periods and higher intensity of weathering.Trace element,especially the Rb/Sr and Li/Ba ratios,and REE,especially the LREE/HREE ratio and δEu could trace weathering intensity.Higher Rb/Sr,Li/Ba,and LREE/HREE ratios and negative Eu anomalies were present in the red soils from the Dongting Lake area.The weathering intensity was in the decreasing order of R5 in the Dongting Lake area > red soils from the Dongting Lake area(including reticulate red soil,weak reticulate red soil,and homogeneous red soil formed by dust storms) > Xiashu loess from Zhenjiang > loess-paleosol and Pliocene red soil from the Loess Plateau.Variations in the TE and REE contents of soil could be effectively used to study the provenance and the weathering intensity.展开更多
Two simple schemes for probabilistic teleportation of an arbitrary unknown two-particle state using a non-maximally entangled EPR pair and a non-maximally entangled GHZ state as quantum channels are proposed. After re...Two simple schemes for probabilistic teleportation of an arbitrary unknown two-particle state using a non-maximally entangled EPR pair and a non-maximally entangled GHZ state as quantum channels are proposed. After receiving Alice＇s Bell state measurement results, Bob performs a collective unitary transformation on his inherent particles without introducing the auxiliary qubit. The original state can be probabilistically teleported. Meanwhile, quantum circuits for realization of successful teleportation are also presented.展开更多
Despite improvements in surgical techniques and adjuvant chemotherapy, the overall mortality rates in pan- creatic cancer have generally remained relatively un-changed and the 5-year survival rate is actually below 2%...Despite improvements in surgical techniques and adjuvant chemotherapy, the overall mortality rates in pan- creatic cancer have generally remained relatively un-changed and the 5-year survival rate is actually below 2%. This paper will address the importance of achieving an early diagnosis and identifying markers for prog- nosis and response to therapy such as genes, proteins, microP, NAs or epigenetic modifications. However, there are still major hurdles when translating investigational biomarkers into routine clinical practice. Furthermore, novel ways of secondary screening in high-risk individu- als, such as artificial neural networks and modern imaging, will be discussed. Drug resistance is ubiquitous in pancreatic cancer. Several mechanisms of drug resistance have already been revealed, including human equilibrative nucleoside transporter-1 status, multidrug resistance proteins, aberrant signaling pathways, mi-croRNAs, stromal influence, epithelial-mesenchymal transition-type cells and recently the presence of can- cer stem cells/cancer-initiating cells. These factors must be considered when developing more customized types of intervention （＇personalized medicine＇S. In the future, multifunctional nanoparticles that combine a specific targeting agent, an imaging probe, a cell-penetrating agent, a biocompatible polymer and an anti-cancer drug may become valuable for the management of pa- tients with pancreatic cancer.展开更多
The functional differentiations of stomach cancer specimens from 121 patients were investigated by enzyme-,mucin-,affinity-and immunohistochemical methods, and the stomach cancers were divided into five functionally d...The functional differentiations of stomach cancer specimens from 121 patients were investigated by enzyme-,mucin-,affinity-and immunohistochemical methods, and the stomach cancers were divided into five functionally differentiated types : 1 ) Absorptive Function Differentiation Type (AFDT), 19. 8% ; 2) Mucin Secreting Function Differentiation Type(MSFDT) , 24. 0% ; 3) Absorptive and Mucin-Producing Function Differentiation Type(AMPFDT) , 47. 1%; 4 ) Special Function Differentiation Type(SFDT) , 0. 8 %; and 5) Non-Function Differentiation Type(NFDT) , 8. 3%. The results indicate that stomach cancer tissues of the same histological type often display differing functional differentiation, and these functionally differentiated types have different invasive and metastatic characteristics. In addition, the functionally differentiated types have particular organic affinities of metastasis and different clinical prognoses. This study suggests that this new functional classification may supplement histological classification. The mechanisms of liver and ovary metastases of stomach cancer are also dis-cussed.展开更多
There are five changes in higher education across the world in the 21st century. The five changes include changes in the university students, changes in the professoriate, changes in academic administration, intematio...There are five changes in higher education across the world in the 21st century. The five changes include changes in the university students, changes in the professoriate, changes in academic administration, intemationalisation, and assessment of academic work. These changes are evident in higher education in China. The pressure of the changes -on lecturers will have effects on the wellbeing of lecturers. The study discusses the wellbeing under the Self-determination Theory. This theory views wellbeing as a state of happiness. This theory also proposes that people＇s intrinsic goals like personal growth, meaningful relationships, and community contributions can enhance the satisfaction of three basic needs--need for autonomy, need for competence, and need for relatedness. In this way, lecturers can experience a sense of wellbeing. The findings of the study are significant for leaders in higher education who need to implement policies that foster effective work environments.展开更多
When we look at the possibility of women occupying top management positions, gender stereotypes are still quite strong. Especially in the past, women＇s professional capabilities and competencies were mostly ignored, ...When we look at the possibility of women occupying top management positions, gender stereotypes are still quite strong. Especially in the past, women＇s professional capabilities and competencies were mostly ignored, both in family firms, and in non-family business. Many wives and daughters, and women in general, had played several roles in firms, but often they were invisible, with no consideration and no monetary gain. Women commonly were not respected and they had no chance to show their capabilities （Dumas, 1998）. Even though women CEOs and founders are an emerging phenomenon, nowadays, still many obstacles, stereotypes and mistrust are preventing women from reaching important positions also in family owned business. In today＇s world of family ambition and increasing gender neutrality, women＇s roles encompass higher achievement in organizational hierarchies. Particularly in the last decades, great advancement in the involvement of women in entrepreneurial and managerial roles, especially in family owned businesses, has been achieved, and the situation is changing fast. More and more, wives and daughters are rising to the leadership of family-firms - even in some of the most male-dominated industries （Nelton, 1999）. According to some authors, today women have gone from ＂invisible to invincible＂ （Nelton, 1999）. This paper pursues two main aims： （1） to show the evolution of the women＇s role in family business and to better understand the obstacles/drivers and possible solutions; and （2） to understand the impact of women on family firms considering several aspects such as their leadership styles, and impact on firm＇s strategy, organization, managerialization and performance. In order to summarize the main obstacles and positive aspects concerning the women＇s involvement in family business, we have applied the framework proposed by Martinez Jimenez （2009）. This framework has been used because it helps to better understand which are the obstacles and drivers that impact on the women＇s involvement in family business. The research method is based on the longitudinal analysis of a case study concerning a medium sized family firm operating in the service sector in Europe. The analysis of the case study has confirmed most of the obstacles/weakness and positive aspects/strengths highlighted by the literature. In the period of analysis, an evolution of the role of women among family generations had emerged, as well a less relevant role of obstacles with respect to strengths can be identified.展开更多
In the contemporary city, the transformation of abandoned industrial landscapes offers great potential for experimentation and in creating new urban environments. Industrial heritage plays an essential role in this re...In the contemporary city, the transformation of abandoned industrial landscapes offers great potential for experimentation and in creating new urban environments. Industrial heritage plays an essential role in this respect and it goes beyond its strong cultural and symbolic value. In fact, industrial-cultural heritage is able to re-enact people＇s capability to maintain the culture of the past while looking forward with appropriate and innovative design solutions. This paper focuses on the design of regeneration of the former Philips＇ electronic industrial area named Strijp S in Eindhoven, the Netherlands. The master plan is pioneer in experimental rules on development areas due to the Crisis and Recovery Act （2010）, a new Dutch law in response to development and economical crisis. The authors identify four criteria of analysis in order to show the complexity of this urban transformation and assess the results of this work-in-progress transformation. Moreover, it will discuss the challenges for industrial architecture/heritage when incorporating different objectives of redevelopment and to which extent the local dynamics are linked to the design of reuse. As conclusion, the paper will debate on the comprehensive urban framework, which puts forward sustainable design criteria, sets out principles in temporary and long-term reuse of the old buildings, and on their implication in terms of urban quality of indoor and outdoor spaces.展开更多
Chinese core values are very different from those of people in English speaking countries, and this makes communication styles very different. When Chinese communicate with people from other cultures, cultural awarene...Chinese core values are very different from those of people in English speaking countries, and this makes communication styles very different. When Chinese communicate with people from other cultures, cultural awareness sometimes helps make the communication easier and more effective. When people are in a bi-cultural or even multi-cultural situation, they need to be aware of the cultural differences. On the other hand, for various reasons, cultural barriers may arise. This can occur when the people concerned speak entirely different languages or hold entirely different values and communication styles. This essay examines how native Chinese speakers communicate with or without words and how the effectiveness of what people say can be helped or hindered by the various messages their language and bodies send. Only when communicators are aware of their own communicative styles and those of others can they avoid communication conflicts. Observing and respecting other people＇s communication styles during the adjustment of one＇s own communication behaviors should be an on-going task in the intercultural communication.展开更多
文摘In cultural translation the loss of cultural images often occurs. In most cases translators do so in order to make the target text understood more easily by the readers of the target language. But the result is worse quite often, because it usually affects correct transmission of the source text as a whole, what＇s even worse, it will affect the correct grasp of the artistic conception and figures of the source text. And in other cases it is impossible to make source cultural images reappear in the target text. This paper provides some sound examples and reviews of the above.
文摘Cognitive context is the cognitionalized context of language, situation and context of culture by the individual which is stored and stimulated in individual＇s mind when meaning is processed. The focus of this article is on context of culture cognitionalized by individuals. Cognitive context based on culture is the inner force of the processing of associative meaning. Cognitive context reflects the similarities and differences of the understanding of different cultural communities towards the world around them.
文摘Based on the theory of fuzzy decision making, a two phrase approach is proposed for the decentralized bi level linear programming problem(DBLPP). The approach considers the conflicts between the upper and lower levels decision makers (DMs), and among the lower level DMs themselves, a satisfactory solution is got with the non conflict matrix and decision power distribution. Compared with the other methods that have ever been proposed, the solution process is more fit to a kind of real decision making processes.
基金Supported by Beijing Natural Science Foundation(9122010)~~
文摘The fusion of urban agriculture, ecotourism and cultural innovation industry has been a necessary way for industry updating, value increase and income im- provement of farmers in suburbs. The methods available of the fusion are as fol- lows： corporation development and operation, led by government with an integrated plan; corporation management and development under guidance of market with sup- port from government; collective development under guidance of market and policies; individual development and operation with the model of ＂villagers participation de- pending on infrastructure provided by government＂. The four routes enjoy exclusive advantages and characters. Hence, different villages and towns should adopt the most suitable one according to local conditions for further development and management.
文摘Discourse is the language in use. Discourse system is about the study of whole systems of communication. This article tries to analyze the influences of discourse system on intercultural communication from the points of ideology, socialization, forms of discourse, face systems and context. Studying intercultural communication from the point of discourse system is an innovative and effective research method, which helps to enhance the participants＇ cultural sensitivity and makes the communication continue.
文摘Amid the recent global upsurge of studies on the philosophy of emotion, a reinterpretation of traditional Confucian philosophy, especially Mencius＇s ideas on the siduan （Four Original Sources） of morality, may shed new light on the subject in comparative philosophy. This paper probes the structure of moral feeling and reason described by Mencius＇s from five perspectives： （1） In view of the relationship between feeling and reason, is it better to use the expression ＂siduan＂ or the expression ＂sixin （Four Heart-minds）＂？ （2） In view of dispositional feeling, what are the four original sources？ （3） In view of moral feeling, what are the structural order of the four sources and the corresponding procedure of reasoning of four heart-minds of Humanity？ （4） In view of positive feeling, how does moral feeling grow out of the goodness of human nature？ （5） What is the global value of Mencius＇s ideas on human moral feeling？ The author concludes that Mencius＇s thought on moral feeing has a global value and cross-cultural significance, and that Chinese wisdom is more than regional but universally applicable. The structure of moral feeling and reason that Mencius identified is in accordance with the principles ofzhiliang （grasping the two poles of the beginning and the end） and yongzhong （emloying the middle）. The principles ofzhiliang and yongzhong are true universal wisdoms of Confucianism, which should be rekindled today. From a practical point of view, ＂the Way begins from moral feelings,＂ and Confucius and Yah Hui＇s seeking the simple, virtuous life is an ideal model of emotional well-being.
文摘In the post-financial crisis era,China is facing dual pressure from reducing carbon emissions and external demand stagnation.The industrial structure changing is in urgent needs.The cultural and creative industries can expand China's markets through creating and stimulating demands,and can reduce carbon emissions at the same time.By producing both demands and supplies,cultural and creative industries may lead the development of other industries.Since innovation plays a quite important role in the value chain,cultural and creative industries can promote the industrial upgrading and the industrial structure optimization by industrial convergence.
文摘The scope of this paper is to investigate a number of emerging contemporary popular subgenres, namely that of ＂mumblecore film＂, the ＂best-worst film＂ and ＂the gonzo documentary＂. Unlike historical cinematic movements, these subgenres are the result of our techocentric culture and commercialism. In this respect these subgenres are less motivated by a collective ideology, but rather a cultural phenomenon resulting from increased access to popular culture, hypermedia devices, social media, and new marketing techniques. This paper investigates the displacement of traditional models of temporality through the metamorphosis of today＇s audiovisual culture, outlining the subject＇s embodiment of voyeurism and exhibitionism, ushering in a hyper-real era of self-myth making and consumption.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No. 81071697Research Project of Health Bureau of Guangzhou City,No. 201102A213005 and 2010A30Research Project of Education Bureau of Guangzhou City,No. 10A192
文摘Heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) system catalyzes heme to biologically active products:carbon monoxide,biliverdin/bilirubin and free iron.It is involved in maintaining cellular homeostasis and many physiological and pathophysiological processes.A growing body of evidence indicates that HO-1 activation may play an important protective role in acute and chronic inflammation of gastrointestinal tract.This review focuses on the current understanding of the physiological significance of HO-1 induction and its possible roles in the gastrointestinal inflammation studied to date.The ability to upregulate HO-1 by pharmacological means or using gene therapy may offer therapeutic strategies for gastrointestinal inflammation in the future.
基金supported by the Science Foundation of Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,China(No.20080328)the National Key Technology R&D Program (No.2006BAK21B02)+1 种基金the National Key Basic Research Program (973 Program) of China (No.2003CB415201)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.40671016)
文摘Trace element(TE) and rare earth element(REE) contents in red soils from the Dongting Lake area of China were determined to understanding the provenance and weathering characteristics of the red soils.The results showed similar REE distribution patterns among red soils from the Dongting Lake area,Xiashu loess from Zhenjiang,loess and Pliocene red soil from the Loess Plateau.These patterns implied a similar provenance from dust-storms,except for red soil R5 which formed by bedrock weathering and had significant light REE(LREE) enrichment and heavy REE(HREE) depletion due to longer weathering periods and higher intensity of weathering.Trace element,especially the Rb/Sr and Li/Ba ratios,and REE,especially the LREE/HREE ratio and δEu could trace weathering intensity.Higher Rb/Sr,Li/Ba,and LREE/HREE ratios and negative Eu anomalies were present in the red soils from the Dongting Lake area.The weathering intensity was in the decreasing order of R5 in the Dongting Lake area > red soils from the Dongting Lake area(including reticulate red soil,weak reticulate red soil,and homogeneous red soil formed by dust storms) > Xiashu loess from Zhenjiang > loess-paleosol and Pliocene red soil from the Loess Plateau.Variations in the TE and REE contents of soil could be effectively used to study the provenance and the weathering intensity.
基金The project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China under Grant No. Q1108404
文摘Two simple schemes for probabilistic teleportation of an arbitrary unknown two-particle state using a non-maximally entangled EPR pair and a non-maximally entangled GHZ state as quantum channels are proposed. After receiving Alice＇s Bell state measurement results, Bob performs a collective unitary transformation on his inherent particles without introducing the auxiliary qubit. The original state can be probabilistically teleported. Meanwhile, quantum circuits for realization of successful teleportation are also presented.
文摘Despite improvements in surgical techniques and adjuvant chemotherapy, the overall mortality rates in pan- creatic cancer have generally remained relatively un-changed and the 5-year survival rate is actually below 2%. This paper will address the importance of achieving an early diagnosis and identifying markers for prog- nosis and response to therapy such as genes, proteins, microP, NAs or epigenetic modifications. However, there are still major hurdles when translating investigational biomarkers into routine clinical practice. Furthermore, novel ways of secondary screening in high-risk individu- als, such as artificial neural networks and modern imaging, will be discussed. Drug resistance is ubiquitous in pancreatic cancer. Several mechanisms of drug resistance have already been revealed, including human equilibrative nucleoside transporter-1 status, multidrug resistance proteins, aberrant signaling pathways, mi-croRNAs, stromal influence, epithelial-mesenchymal transition-type cells and recently the presence of can- cer stem cells/cancer-initiating cells. These factors must be considered when developing more customized types of intervention （＇personalized medicine＇S. In the future, multifunctional nanoparticles that combine a specific targeting agent, an imaging probe, a cell-penetrating agent, a biocompatible polymer and an anti-cancer drug may become valuable for the management of pa- tients with pancreatic cancer.
文摘The functional differentiations of stomach cancer specimens from 121 patients were investigated by enzyme-,mucin-,affinity-and immunohistochemical methods, and the stomach cancers were divided into five functionally differentiated types : 1 ) Absorptive Function Differentiation Type (AFDT), 19. 8% ; 2) Mucin Secreting Function Differentiation Type(MSFDT) , 24. 0% ; 3) Absorptive and Mucin-Producing Function Differentiation Type(AMPFDT) , 47. 1%; 4 ) Special Function Differentiation Type(SFDT) , 0. 8 %; and 5) Non-Function Differentiation Type(NFDT) , 8. 3%. The results indicate that stomach cancer tissues of the same histological type often display differing functional differentiation, and these functionally differentiated types have different invasive and metastatic characteristics. In addition, the functionally differentiated types have particular organic affinities of metastasis and different clinical prognoses. This study suggests that this new functional classification may supplement histological classification. The mechanisms of liver and ovary metastases of stomach cancer are also dis-cussed.
文摘There are five changes in higher education across the world in the 21st century. The five changes include changes in the university students, changes in the professoriate, changes in academic administration, intemationalisation, and assessment of academic work. These changes are evident in higher education in China. The pressure of the changes -on lecturers will have effects on the wellbeing of lecturers. The study discusses the wellbeing under the Self-determination Theory. This theory views wellbeing as a state of happiness. This theory also proposes that people＇s intrinsic goals like personal growth, meaningful relationships, and community contributions can enhance the satisfaction of three basic needs--need for autonomy, need for competence, and need for relatedness. In this way, lecturers can experience a sense of wellbeing. The findings of the study are significant for leaders in higher education who need to implement policies that foster effective work environments.
文摘When we look at the possibility of women occupying top management positions, gender stereotypes are still quite strong. Especially in the past, women＇s professional capabilities and competencies were mostly ignored, both in family firms, and in non-family business. Many wives and daughters, and women in general, had played several roles in firms, but often they were invisible, with no consideration and no monetary gain. Women commonly were not respected and they had no chance to show their capabilities （Dumas, 1998）. Even though women CEOs and founders are an emerging phenomenon, nowadays, still many obstacles, stereotypes and mistrust are preventing women from reaching important positions also in family owned business. In today＇s world of family ambition and increasing gender neutrality, women＇s roles encompass higher achievement in organizational hierarchies. Particularly in the last decades, great advancement in the involvement of women in entrepreneurial and managerial roles, especially in family owned businesses, has been achieved, and the situation is changing fast. More and more, wives and daughters are rising to the leadership of family-firms - even in some of the most male-dominated industries （Nelton, 1999）. According to some authors, today women have gone from ＂invisible to invincible＂ （Nelton, 1999）. This paper pursues two main aims： （1） to show the evolution of the women＇s role in family business and to better understand the obstacles/drivers and possible solutions; and （2） to understand the impact of women on family firms considering several aspects such as their leadership styles, and impact on firm＇s strategy, organization, managerialization and performance. In order to summarize the main obstacles and positive aspects concerning the women＇s involvement in family business, we have applied the framework proposed by Martinez Jimenez （2009）. This framework has been used because it helps to better understand which are the obstacles and drivers that impact on the women＇s involvement in family business. The research method is based on the longitudinal analysis of a case study concerning a medium sized family firm operating in the service sector in Europe. The analysis of the case study has confirmed most of the obstacles/weakness and positive aspects/strengths highlighted by the literature. In the period of analysis, an evolution of the role of women among family generations had emerged, as well a less relevant role of obstacles with respect to strengths can be identified.
文摘In the contemporary city, the transformation of abandoned industrial landscapes offers great potential for experimentation and in creating new urban environments. Industrial heritage plays an essential role in this respect and it goes beyond its strong cultural and symbolic value. In fact, industrial-cultural heritage is able to re-enact people＇s capability to maintain the culture of the past while looking forward with appropriate and innovative design solutions. This paper focuses on the design of regeneration of the former Philips＇ electronic industrial area named Strijp S in Eindhoven, the Netherlands. The master plan is pioneer in experimental rules on development areas due to the Crisis and Recovery Act （2010）, a new Dutch law in response to development and economical crisis. The authors identify four criteria of analysis in order to show the complexity of this urban transformation and assess the results of this work-in-progress transformation. Moreover, it will discuss the challenges for industrial architecture/heritage when incorporating different objectives of redevelopment and to which extent the local dynamics are linked to the design of reuse. As conclusion, the paper will debate on the comprehensive urban framework, which puts forward sustainable design criteria, sets out principles in temporary and long-term reuse of the old buildings, and on their implication in terms of urban quality of indoor and outdoor spaces.
文摘Chinese core values are very different from those of people in English speaking countries, and this makes communication styles very different. When Chinese communicate with people from other cultures, cultural awareness sometimes helps make the communication easier and more effective. When people are in a bi-cultural or even multi-cultural situation, they need to be aware of the cultural differences. On the other hand, for various reasons, cultural barriers may arise. This can occur when the people concerned speak entirely different languages or hold entirely different values and communication styles. This essay examines how native Chinese speakers communicate with or without words and how the effectiveness of what people say can be helped or hindered by the various messages their language and bodies send. Only when communicators are aware of their own communicative styles and those of others can they avoid communication conflicts. Observing and respecting other people＇s communication styles during the adjustment of one＇s own communication behaviors should be an on-going task in the intercultural communication.
