In fluid mechanics, there is lack of turbulent flows theory. The theory of laminar flows is also not completed. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to fill in the gaps in the theory of laminar flow. First time in the ...In fluid mechanics, there is lack of turbulent flows theory. The theory of laminar flows is also not completed. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to fill in the gaps in the theory of laminar flow. First time in the history of fluid mechanics, it shows that the value of the boundary Reynolds number, dividing the flows of Newtonian fluids into laminar and turbulent, can be calculated theoretically. The very existence of this boundary has been known to researchers over a century ago, but all knowledge in this area so far comes only from experimental physics. This paper marks a turning point, as it not only explains the theory of the said phenomenon, but also presents the methodology of its analytical description. It should be noted that the said description refers to the type of flow which is best understood by scientists, i.e., steady axially-symmetric laminar flow through a straight-axis duct of a circular cross-section of the radius R under the action of constant natural gravitational forces. This paper comes second in a series of papers aimed at eliminating chaos from fluid mechanics and replacing it with harmony and mathematical order.展开更多
Based on concepts of horizon of expectation and indeterminacy in reception theory,this paper reports a comparative analysis of Chang Hen Ge,a narrative poem written by Chinese poet Bai Juyi in the Tang Dynasty,and its...Based on concepts of horizon of expectation and indeterminacy in reception theory,this paper reports a comparative analysis of Chang Hen Ge,a narrative poem written by Chinese poet Bai Juyi in the Tang Dynasty,and its English translations by William John Bainbrigge Fletcher,Herbert Allen Giles,Xu Yuanchong as well as Yang Hsien-yi and Gladys Yang.Results are as follows:1)Xu’s translation is the best in that he adds annotations and combines literal and free translations so as to explicate cultural connotations and underlying implications of images while meeting and broadening target readers’horizon of expectation.In addition,he tries to replicate figurative characteristics and transform rhetorical techniques of original cultural images to retain the source text’s indeterminacy and aesthetic value and to provide target readers with intense aesthetic experience.2)There are inappropriate and inaccurate translations of cultural images in all the four English translations,and they are caused by differences in ethnic history,religious belief,mode of thinking,features of English and Chinese as well as the subjectivity of translators.展开更多
文摘In fluid mechanics, there is lack of turbulent flows theory. The theory of laminar flows is also not completed. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to fill in the gaps in the theory of laminar flow. First time in the history of fluid mechanics, it shows that the value of the boundary Reynolds number, dividing the flows of Newtonian fluids into laminar and turbulent, can be calculated theoretically. The very existence of this boundary has been known to researchers over a century ago, but all knowledge in this area so far comes only from experimental physics. This paper marks a turning point, as it not only explains the theory of the said phenomenon, but also presents the methodology of its analytical description. It should be noted that the said description refers to the type of flow which is best understood by scientists, i.e., steady axially-symmetric laminar flow through a straight-axis duct of a circular cross-section of the radius R under the action of constant natural gravitational forces. This paper comes second in a series of papers aimed at eliminating chaos from fluid mechanics and replacing it with harmony and mathematical order.
文摘Based on concepts of horizon of expectation and indeterminacy in reception theory,this paper reports a comparative analysis of Chang Hen Ge,a narrative poem written by Chinese poet Bai Juyi in the Tang Dynasty,and its English translations by William John Bainbrigge Fletcher,Herbert Allen Giles,Xu Yuanchong as well as Yang Hsien-yi and Gladys Yang.Results are as follows:1)Xu’s translation is the best in that he adds annotations and combines literal and free translations so as to explicate cultural connotations and underlying implications of images while meeting and broadening target readers’horizon of expectation.In addition,he tries to replicate figurative characteristics and transform rhetorical techniques of original cultural images to retain the source text’s indeterminacy and aesthetic value and to provide target readers with intense aesthetic experience.2)There are inappropriate and inaccurate translations of cultural images in all the four English translations,and they are caused by differences in ethnic history,religious belief,mode of thinking,features of English and Chinese as well as the subjectivity of translators.
