Objective To investigate the effect of acupuncture treatment on silencing the expression of Oonnexin 43 （Cx43）, and to study the analgesic mechanism of acupuncture treatment for primary dysmenorrhea （PD） in rats. ...Objective To investigate the effect of acupuncture treatment on silencing the expression of Oonnexin 43 （Cx43）, and to study the analgesic mechanism of acupuncture treatment for primary dysmenorrhea （PD） in rats. Methods We used estrostilben to develop the model of primary dysmenorrhea in rat, and RNA interference technology to silence the expression of Cx43 in acupoints. Fifty female rats were randomly divided into five groups （n = 10 in each group） ： normal, model, acupuncture, acupuncture ＋ interference and acupuncture＋ interference control group, pSilencer-Cx43-shRNA and pSilencer-Oon-shRNA were injected locally into the acupoints in interference group and interference-control group, respectively. The incidence rate of writhe reaction over the period of 30 min was evaluated. The expression of the oxytocin receptor （OTR） and vasopressin receptor（VasR） in rat myometrium with Semiquantitative RT-POR and immunohistochemistry. Results （1）The mRNA and protein level of Cx43 in acupoints in interference group were significantly lower those of in the acupuncture group （P〈0.05）. There was no significant difference between acupuncture and interference-control group. （2） Acupuncture could significantly prolong the latency period of writhing body and decrease the number of writhing body as compared with that of model group and interference group. （3）The level of OTR and VasR mRNA and protein in the model group were significantly higher （P〈0.05） as compared to normal group. The results in acupuncture group and interference-control group were similar to the normal group. The results in interference group were similar to the model group. Conclusions Acupuncture may be useful in the treatment of the model of primary dysmenorrhea in the rats. Local injection of Cx43 shRNA expression vetor could silence the expression of Cx43 in acupoint and markedly influence acupuncture effect, demonstrating Cx43 is involved in acupuncture effect.展开更多
AIM: To compare the ligase detection reaction (LDR) and real-time PCR for detection of low abundant YMDD mutants in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection.METHODS: Mixtures of plasmids and serum samples from 52 c...AIM: To compare the ligase detection reaction (LDR) and real-time PCR for detection of low abundant YMDD mutants in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection.METHODS: Mixtures of plasmids and serum samples from 52 chronic hepatitis B patients with low abundant lamivudine-resistant mutations were tested with LDR and real-time PCR. Time required and reagent cost for both assays were evaluated.RESULTS: Real-time PCR detected 100, 50, 10, 1 and 0.1% of YIDD plasmid, whereas LDR detected 100, 50, 10, 1, 0.1, and 0.01% of YIDD plasmid, in mixtures with YMDD plasmid of 106 copies/mL. Among the 52 clinical serum samples, completely concordant results were obtained for all samples by both assays, and 39 YIDD, 9 YVDD, and 4 YIDD/YVDD were detected. Cost and time required for LDR and real-time PCR are 60/80 CNY (8/10.7 US dollars) and 4.5/2.5 h, respectively.CONCLUSION: LDR and real-time PCR are both sensitive and inexpensive methods for monitoring low abundant YMDD mutants during lamivudine therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B. LDR is more sensitive and less expensive, while real-time PCR is more rapid.展开更多
The transient liquid phase(TLP)bonding of CoCuFeMnNi high entropy alloy(HEA)was studied.The TLP bonding was performed using AWS BNi-2 interlayer at 1050℃ with the TLP bonding time of 20,60,180 and 240 min.The effect ...The transient liquid phase(TLP)bonding of CoCuFeMnNi high entropy alloy(HEA)was studied.The TLP bonding was performed using AWS BNi-2 interlayer at 1050℃ with the TLP bonding time of 20,60,180 and 240 min.The effect of bonding time on the joint microstructure was characterized by SEM and EDS.Microstructural results confirmed that complete isothermal solidification occurred approximately at 240 min of bonding time.For samples bonded at 20,60 and 180 min,athermal solidification zone was formed in the bonding area which included Cr-rich boride and Mn3Si intermetallic compound.For all samples,theγsolid solution was formed in the isothermal solidification zone of the bonding zone.To evaluate the effect of TLP bonding time on mechanical properties of joints,the shear strength and micro-hardness of joints were measured.The results indicated a decrement of micro-hardness in the bonding zone and an increment of micro-hardness in the adjacent zone of joints.The minimum and maximum values of shear strength were 100 and 180 MPa for joints with the bonding time of 20 and 240 min,respectively.展开更多
Here, we report the identification of GIDE, a mitochondrially located E3 ubiquitin ligase. GIDE contains a C-terminal RING finger domain, which is mostly conserved with those of the lAP family members and is required ...Here, we report the identification of GIDE, a mitochondrially located E3 ubiquitin ligase. GIDE contains a C-terminal RING finger domain, which is mostly conserved with those of the lAP family members and is required for GIDE＇s E3 ligase activity. Overexpression of GIDE induces apoptosis via a pathway involving activation of caspases, since caspase inhibitors, XIAP and an inactive mutant of caspase-9 block GIDE-induced apoptosis. GIDE also activates JNK, and blockage of JNK activation inhibits GIDE-induced release of cytochrome c and Smac as well as apoptosis, suggesting that JNK activation precedes release of cytochrome c and Smac and is required for GIDE- induced apoptosis. These pro-apoptotic properties of GIDE require its E3 ligase activity. When somewhat over-or underexpressed, GIDE slows or accelerates cell growth, respectively. These pro-apoptotic or growth inhibition effects of GIDE may account for its absence in tumor cells.展开更多
The rapid growth and innovation of the various mobile communication technologies have caused a change in the paradigm of internet access. Wireless technologies such as WiM AX, WiFi and UM T S/LTE networks have shown g...The rapid growth and innovation of the various mobile communication technologies have caused a change in the paradigm of internet access. Wireless technologies such as WiM AX, WiFi and UM T S/LTE networks have shown great p otential in dominating the wireless access markets. The ex istence of various access technologies requires a means for seamless internetworking to provide an ywhere, anytime services without interruption in the ongoing session, especially in multimedia展开更多
Cold plasma techniques were used to treat the surface of Kevlar-49 fibers. The dynamic parameters of wetting, contact-angles and surface energy of the fiber before and alter the treatment were compared to see the chan...Cold plasma techniques were used to treat the surface of Kevlar-49 fibers. The dynamic parameters of wetting, contact-angles and surface energy of the fiber before and alter the treatment were compared to see the changes in the wetting property. ESCA and electron spin resonance were utilized to examine the chemical composition and the attached free radicals of the fiber surface. The results, together with changes in the magnitude of the contact-angle and the number of free radicals with time after the plasma treatment do not show any ageing effect. Single filament test revealed that the tensile strength was not impaired but even improved somewhat after the plasma treatment. The experiment shows that the interlaminar shear strength of Kevlar fiber reinforced epoxy resin compo- site is increased for more than 60％% after the treatment.展开更多
AIMTo develop a novel Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) CagA antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) suitable for detecting serum anti-CagA antibodies with high sensitivity.METHODSRecombinant East Asian-type ...AIMTo develop a novel Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) CagA antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) suitable for detecting serum anti-CagA antibodies with high sensitivity.METHODSRecombinant East Asian-type CagA protein was purified and immobilized for ELISA. Serum samples from 217 Vietnamese individuals (110 H. pylori-infected and 107 uninfected individuals) were applied. Conventional ELISA from Western-type CagA and our East Asian-type CagA ELISA were evaluated by comparing 38 subjects with the Western-type genotype and 72 subjects with the East Asian-type cagA genotype. Histological scores of the gastric mucosa were determined using the updated Sydney System to examine the relationship with anti-CagA antibody titers.RESULTSRecombinant 70-100 kDa fragments were immobilized on the ELISA plate. In ROC analysis, the area under the curve of our East Asian-type CagA ELISA was comparable to that of conventional CagA ELISA. The sensitivity of the two ELISAs differed depending on the cagA genotype. The sensitivity of East Asian-type CagA ELISA was higher for subjects infected with East Asian-type cagA H. pylori (P < 0.001), and the sensitivity of the conventional CagA ELISA tended to be higher for subjects infected with Western cagA H. pylori (P = 0.056). The titer of anti-CagA antibody tended to correlate with monocyte infiltration scores (r = 0.25, P = 0.058) and was inversely correlated with H. pylori density (r = -0.26, P = 0.043).CONCLUSIONThe novel ELISA is useful to detect anti-CagA antibodies in East Asian countries, and the titer may be a marker for predicting chronic gastritis.展开更多
Underwater cylindrical shell structures have been found a wide of application in many engineering fields, such as the element of marine, oil platforms, etc. The coupled vibration analysis is a hot issue for these unde...Underwater cylindrical shell structures have been found a wide of application in many engineering fields, such as the element of marine, oil platforms, etc. The coupled vibration analysis is a hot issue for these underwater structures. The vibration characteristics of underwater structures are influenced not only by hydrodynamic pressure but also by hydrostatic pressure corresponding to different water depths. In this study, an acoustic finite element method was used to evaluate the underwater structures. Taken the hydrostatic pressure into account in terms of initial stress stiffness, an acoustical fluid-structure coupled analysis of underwater cylindrical shells has been made to study the effect of hydrodynamic pressures on natural frequency and sound radiation. By comparing with the frequencies obtained by the acoustic finite element method and by the added mass method based on the Bessel function, the validity of present analysis was checked. Finally, test samples of the sound radiation of stiffened cylindrical shells were acquired by a harmonic acoustic analysis. The results showed that hydrostatic pressure plays an important role in determining a large submerged body motion, and the characteristics of sound radiation change with water depth. Furthermore, the analysis methods and the results are of significant reference value for studies of other complicated submarine structures.展开更多
Objective To compare the postoperative outcomes of patients with the diagnostic univentricular heart undergoing lateral tunnel （LT） operation with extracardiac conduit （EC） operation. Methods- From June 1996 to Ju...Objective To compare the postoperative outcomes of patients with the diagnostic univentricular heart undergoing lateral tunnel （LT） operation with extracardiac conduit （EC） operation. Methods- From June 1996 to July 2007, 114 consecutive patients with a single ventricle underwent total cavopulmonary connection （TCPC） in Children＇s Heart Center, lAniversity Hospital Giessen and Marburg GmbH, Germany. A LT was performed in 19 （16.7%） patients, and an EC in 95 （83.3%） patients. The mean age of EC group was 50.8±31.6 （ranging from 22 to 212） months, and that of LT group was 61.5±41.2 （ranging from 30 to 168） months. Early and midterm outcomes of two groups were analyzed.Results One died in LT group （5.3%） and three in EC group （3.2%）. The overall mortality was 3.5%. There was no significant difference in mortality between EC-and-LT groups （P〉0.05）. The postoperative pulmonary arterial pressure, oxygen saturation, and effusion time of two groups had no significant difference （all P〉0.05）. No significant difference in the occurrences of complications （arrhythmias, enteropathy, and thrombosis） was found between two groups after operation （P〉0.05）. Conclusions There seems no difference between LT and EC in the clinical results in the early and middle postoperative stage. Glenn anastomosis followed by an EC seems to have some advantages.展开更多
Morphology of the spermatozoon of Octopus ocellatus was studied by light, scanning electron, and transmission electron microscopes. Sperm are 600-700 um long, with a large number of granules in diameter about 130 um. ...Morphology of the spermatozoon of Octopus ocellatus was studied by light, scanning electron, and transmission electron microscopes. Sperm are 600-700 um long, with a large number of granules in diameter about 130 um. Each spermatozoon is composed of a head, neck, and tail. The head is made up of an acrosomal complex anterior to the nucleus. The spiral acrosomal complex consists of an electron-lucent vesicle, lacuna, and an electron-dense acrosomal vesicle. Additionally, the spiral acrosomal vesicle has numerous equidistant striations, and is surrounded by many small granules （20 nm diameter）. A long straight nucleus, which is electron-densed, has a deep posterior concavity, the nuclear vacuole. At the terminal end of the nucleus is a sleeve-like structure with a concave posterior nuclear fossa （PNF）. The neck is short connecting the PNF. The basal body is located in the PNF and gives rise to the axoneme. This structure connects the head, neck, and tail. The tail is divided into a middle piece and a principal piece. The middle piece, having a 9＋9＋2 arrangement, is surrounded by a mitochondrial sheath and terminates by an electron-dense fibrous sheath. The principal piece is the longest part of the sperm with coarse fibers tapering posteriorly. The results of this study shall provide some useful information for artificial breeding of this species.展开更多
Based on couple wave equation and finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) algorithm,the strong couple characteristic of 2-D photonic crystal couplers is calculated.Theoretical analysis and numerical simulated results ind...Based on couple wave equation and finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) algorithm,the strong couple characteristic of 2-D photonic crystal couplers is calculated.Theoretical analysis and numerical simulated results indicate that the energy in a 2-D photonic crystal coupler can not be totally transferred between two wave-guides.Compared with the result of weak coupling theory,our result is more accurate.展开更多
The architecture of cislunar multi-hop communication networks, which focuses on the requirements of lunar full-coverage and continuous cislunar communications, is presented on the basis of Geosynchronous Orbit (GEO) s...The architecture of cislunar multi-hop communication networks, which focuses on the requirements of lunar full-coverage and continuous cislunar communications, is presented on the basis of Geosynchronous Orbit (GEO) satellite network relays. According to the geographical distribution of the forthcoming Chinese Deep Space Measuring and Controlling Network (DSMCN), two networking schemes are proposed and two elevation angle optimization models are established for locating GEO relay satellites. To analyze the dynamic connectivity, a dynamic network model is constructed with respect to the time-varying characteristics of cislunar trunk links. The advantages of the two proposed schemes, in terms of the Connectivity Rate (CR), Interruption Frequency (IF), and Average Length of Connecting Duration (ALCD), are corroborated by several simulations. In the case of the lunar polar orbit constellation case, the gains in the performance of scheme I are observed to be 134.55%, 117.03%, and 217.47% compared with DSMCN for three evaluation indicators, and the gains in the performance of scheme II are observed to be 238. 22%, 240.40%, and 572.71%. The results validate that the connectivity of GEO satellites outperforms that of earth facilities significantly and schemes based on GEO satellite relays are promising options for cislunar multi-hop communication networking.展开更多
Cooperative system bridges comprise several basic structures that act jointly to improve structural characteristics. We delved into the historical development of cooperative system bridges. Cooperative systems are cla...Cooperative system bridges comprise several basic structures that act jointly to improve structural characteristics. We delved into the historical development of cooperative system bridges. Cooperative systems are classified as different-load cooperative systems and same-load cooperative systems by distinguishing the modes of load distribution. For different-load cooperation,individual basic structures are at different positions in the direction along bridge axis and carry the loads separately. While for same-load cooperation,all basic structures overlap in geometrical locations and support the entire loads conjointly. The choosing of span ratios between basic structures,the design of connections of different-load cooperative systems were discussed as well as optimizations of relative rigidity for same-load cooperative systems which greatly influence structural characteristics. The general situation and several structural measurements of several cooperative bridges were demonstrated. This information can assist engineers in developing their concepts in cooperative systems and can lead to more efficient and economical cooperative bridges.展开更多
In this paper, we consider a system consisting of two capacitively coupled superconducting islands viaJosephson junctions. We show that it can be reduced to two coupling harmonic oscillators under certain conditions,a...In this paper, we consider a system consisting of two capacitively coupled superconducting islands viaJosephson junctions. We show that it can be reduced to two coupling harmonic oscillators under certain conditions,and can be solved exactly in terms of a displacing transformation, a beam-splitter-like transformation, and a squeezingtransformation. It is found that the system evolves by a rotated-squeezed-coherent state when the system is initially in acoherent state. Quantum dynamics of the Cooper pairs in the two superconducting islands are investigated. It is shownthat the number of the Cooper pairs in the two islands evolves periodically.展开更多
Determinations of fracture network connections would help the investigators remove those ＂meaningless＂ no-flow-passing fractures, providing an updated and more effective fracture network that could considerably impr...Determinations of fracture network connections would help the investigators remove those ＂meaningless＂ no-flow-passing fractures, providing an updated and more effective fracture network that could considerably improve the computation efficiency in the pertinent numerical simulations of fluid flow and solute transport. The effective algorithms with higher computational efficiency are needed to accomplish this task in large-scale fractured rock masses. A new approach using R tree indexing was proposed for determining fracture connection in 3D stochastically distributed fracture network. By com- paring with the traditional exhaustion algorithm, it was observed that from the simulation results, this approach was much more effective; and the more the fractures were investigated, the more obvious the advantages of the approach were. Furthermore, it was indicated that the runtime used for creating the R tree indexing has a major part in the total of the runtime used for calculating Minimum Bounding Rectangles （MBRs）, creating the R tree indexing, precisely finding out fracture intersections, and identifying flow paths, which are four important steps to determine fracture connections. This proposed approach for the determination of fracture connections in three-dimensional fractured rocks are expected to provide efficient preprocessing and critical database for practically accomplishing numerical computation of fluid flow and solute transport in large-scale fractured rock masses.展开更多
With a particular focus on the connection between liquid flow distribution and gas-liquid mass transfer in monolithic beds in the Taylor flow regime, hydrodynamic and gas-liquid mass transfer experiments were carriedo...With a particular focus on the connection between liquid flow distribution and gas-liquid mass transfer in monolithic beds in the Taylor flow regime, hydrodynamic and gas-liquid mass transfer experiments were carriedout in a column with a monolithic bed of cell density of 50 cpsi with trio different distributors （nozzle and packed bed distributors）. Liquid saturation in individual channels was measured by using self-made micro-conductivity probes. A mal-distribution factor was used to evaluate uniform degree of phase distribution in monoliths. Overall bed pressure drop and mass transfer coefficients were measured. For liquid flow distribution and gas-liquid masstransfer, it is found that the superficial liquid velocity is a crucial factor and the packed bed distributor is better than the nozzle distributor. A semi-theoretical analysis using single channel models shows that the packed bed distributor always yields shorter and uniformly distributed liquid slugs compared to the nozzle distributor, which in turn ensures a better mass transfer performance. A bed scale mass transfer model is proposed by employing the single channel models in individual channels and incorporating effects of non-uniform liquid distribution along the bedcross-section. The model predicts the overall gas-liquid mass transfer coefficient wig a relative error within ＋30%.展开更多
A piezoelectric accelerometer with optical fiber to measure the dynamic parameter of 3 dimensions is presented. The operation equations on X, Y and Z axes are divided, and the test results of 3 dimensional sensitiviti...A piezoelectric accelerometer with optical fiber to measure the dynamic parameter of 3 dimensions is presented. The operation equations on X, Y and Z axes are divided, and the test results of 3 dimensional sensitivities and frequency response, are given as well as experiment results of vibration test with this setup.展开更多
Investigation of new orbit geometries exhibits a very attractive behavior for a spacecraft to monitor space weather coming from the Sun. Several orbit transfer mechanisms are analyzed as potential alternatives to moni...Investigation of new orbit geometries exhibits a very attractive behavior for a spacecraft to monitor space weather coming from the Sun. Several orbit transfer mechanisms are analyzed as potential alternatives to monitor solar activity such as a sub-solar orbit or quasi-satellite orbit and short and long heteroclinic and homoclinic connections between the triangular points L4 and L5 and the collinear point L3 of the CRTBP （circular restricted three-body problem） in the Sun-Earth system. These trajectories could serve as channels through where material can be transported from L5 to L3 by performing small maneuvers at the departure of the Trojan orbit. The size of these maneuvers at L5 is between 299 m/s and 730 m/s depending on the transfer time of the trajectory and does not need any deterministic maneuvers at L3. Our results suggest that material may also be transported from the Trojan orbits to quasi-satellite orbits or even displaced quasi-satellite orbits.展开更多
This study focuses on the correlation between sociology and complexity and it operates a reflection on the deep epistemological and ontological meaning of complexity, revealing how complexity goes beyond the analysis ...This study focuses on the correlation between sociology and complexity and it operates a reflection on the deep epistemological and ontological meaning of complexity, revealing how complexity goes beyond the analysis of the global society and is linked to sociology itself and to the issue of its scientific trait. The study shows how complexity, rediscovered following the globalization processes, reconnects sociology with its own origins and concerns the issue of the relation of sociological science with its own object, that is to say, society and social order. In a more radical manner, the challenge of complexity is intertwined with the road of revisiting modern science and epistemological identifying among ＂order＂, ＂intelligibility＂, and ＂science＂. In such a vision, complexity, not only reconnects sociology to its obiect, but highlights how those traits considered as non-scientific residue of human and social sciences belong to the fundamental issue of scientific knowledge. The challenge of complexity is outlined, as questioning the idea according to which the ＂modern＂ science depletes the ＂scientific vision of the world＂.展开更多
基金National Basic Research Program of China(973 program, No:2006CB504502)Chinese National Foundation of Natural Sciences .(No.90209009)
文摘Objective To investigate the effect of acupuncture treatment on silencing the expression of Oonnexin 43 （Cx43）, and to study the analgesic mechanism of acupuncture treatment for primary dysmenorrhea （PD） in rats. Methods We used estrostilben to develop the model of primary dysmenorrhea in rat, and RNA interference technology to silence the expression of Cx43 in acupoints. Fifty female rats were randomly divided into five groups （n = 10 in each group） ： normal, model, acupuncture, acupuncture ＋ interference and acupuncture＋ interference control group, pSilencer-Cx43-shRNA and pSilencer-Oon-shRNA were injected locally into the acupoints in interference group and interference-control group, respectively. The incidence rate of writhe reaction over the period of 30 min was evaluated. The expression of the oxytocin receptor （OTR） and vasopressin receptor（VasR） in rat myometrium with Semiquantitative RT-POR and immunohistochemistry. Results （1）The mRNA and protein level of Cx43 in acupoints in interference group were significantly lower those of in the acupuncture group （P〈0.05）. There was no significant difference between acupuncture and interference-control group. （2） Acupuncture could significantly prolong the latency period of writhing body and decrease the number of writhing body as compared with that of model group and interference group. （3）The level of OTR and VasR mRNA and protein in the model group were significantly higher （P〈0.05） as compared to normal group. The results in acupuncture group and interference-control group were similar to the normal group. The results in interference group were similar to the model group. Conclusions Acupuncture may be useful in the treatment of the model of primary dysmenorrhea in the rats. Local injection of Cx43 shRNA expression vetor could silence the expression of Cx43 in acupoint and markedly influence acupuncture effect, demonstrating Cx43 is involved in acupuncture effect.
文摘AIM: To compare the ligase detection reaction (LDR) and real-time PCR for detection of low abundant YMDD mutants in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection.METHODS: Mixtures of plasmids and serum samples from 52 chronic hepatitis B patients with low abundant lamivudine-resistant mutations were tested with LDR and real-time PCR. Time required and reagent cost for both assays were evaluated.RESULTS: Real-time PCR detected 100, 50, 10, 1 and 0.1% of YIDD plasmid, whereas LDR detected 100, 50, 10, 1, 0.1, and 0.01% of YIDD plasmid, in mixtures with YMDD plasmid of 106 copies/mL. Among the 52 clinical serum samples, completely concordant results were obtained for all samples by both assays, and 39 YIDD, 9 YVDD, and 4 YIDD/YVDD were detected. Cost and time required for LDR and real-time PCR are 60/80 CNY (8/10.7 US dollars) and 4.5/2.5 h, respectively.CONCLUSION: LDR and real-time PCR are both sensitive and inexpensive methods for monitoring low abundant YMDD mutants during lamivudine therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B. LDR is more sensitive and less expensive, while real-time PCR is more rapid.
文摘The transient liquid phase(TLP)bonding of CoCuFeMnNi high entropy alloy(HEA)was studied.The TLP bonding was performed using AWS BNi-2 interlayer at 1050℃ with the TLP bonding time of 20,60,180 and 240 min.The effect of bonding time on the joint microstructure was characterized by SEM and EDS.Microstructural results confirmed that complete isothermal solidification occurred approximately at 240 min of bonding time.For samples bonded at 20,60 and 180 min,athermal solidification zone was formed in the bonding area which included Cr-rich boride and Mn3Si intermetallic compound.For all samples,theγsolid solution was formed in the isothermal solidification zone of the bonding zone.To evaluate the effect of TLP bonding time on mechanical properties of joints,the shear strength and micro-hardness of joints were measured.The results indicated a decrement of micro-hardness in the bonding zone and an increment of micro-hardness in the adjacent zone of joints.The minimum and maximum values of shear strength were 100 and 180 MPa for joints with the bonding time of 20 and 240 min,respectively.
文摘Here, we report the identification of GIDE, a mitochondrially located E3 ubiquitin ligase. GIDE contains a C-terminal RING finger domain, which is mostly conserved with those of the lAP family members and is required for GIDE＇s E3 ligase activity. Overexpression of GIDE induces apoptosis via a pathway involving activation of caspases, since caspase inhibitors, XIAP and an inactive mutant of caspase-9 block GIDE-induced apoptosis. GIDE also activates JNK, and blockage of JNK activation inhibits GIDE-induced release of cytochrome c and Smac as well as apoptosis, suggesting that JNK activation precedes release of cytochrome c and Smac and is required for GIDE- induced apoptosis. These pro-apoptotic properties of GIDE require its E3 ligase activity. When somewhat over-or underexpressed, GIDE slows or accelerates cell growth, respectively. These pro-apoptotic or growth inhibition effects of GIDE may account for its absence in tumor cells.
基金supported by the University of Malaya under the Research University under Grant No. RG064/11ICT
文摘The rapid growth and innovation of the various mobile communication technologies have caused a change in the paradigm of internet access. Wireless technologies such as WiM AX, WiFi and UM T S/LTE networks have shown great p otential in dominating the wireless access markets. The ex istence of various access technologies requires a means for seamless internetworking to provide an ywhere, anytime services without interruption in the ongoing session, especially in multimedia
文摘Cold plasma techniques were used to treat the surface of Kevlar-49 fibers. The dynamic parameters of wetting, contact-angles and surface energy of the fiber before and alter the treatment were compared to see the changes in the wetting property. ESCA and electron spin resonance were utilized to examine the chemical composition and the attached free radicals of the fiber surface. The results, together with changes in the magnitude of the contact-angle and the number of free radicals with time after the plasma treatment do not show any ageing effect. Single filament test revealed that the tensile strength was not impaired but even improved somewhat after the plasma treatment. The experiment shows that the interlaminar shear strength of Kevlar fiber reinforced epoxy resin compo- site is increased for more than 60％% after the treatment.
基金the National Institutes of Health,No.DK62813Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science,and Technology of Japan(in part),No.25293104,No.26640114 and No.15H02657)theJapan Society for the Promotion of Science Institutional Program for Young Researcher Overseas Visits and the Strategic Funds for the Promotion of Science and Technology from the Japan Science and Technology Agency
文摘AIMTo develop a novel Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) CagA antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) suitable for detecting serum anti-CagA antibodies with high sensitivity.METHODSRecombinant East Asian-type CagA protein was purified and immobilized for ELISA. Serum samples from 217 Vietnamese individuals (110 H. pylori-infected and 107 uninfected individuals) were applied. Conventional ELISA from Western-type CagA and our East Asian-type CagA ELISA were evaluated by comparing 38 subjects with the Western-type genotype and 72 subjects with the East Asian-type cagA genotype. Histological scores of the gastric mucosa were determined using the updated Sydney System to examine the relationship with anti-CagA antibody titers.RESULTSRecombinant 70-100 kDa fragments were immobilized on the ELISA plate. In ROC analysis, the area under the curve of our East Asian-type CagA ELISA was comparable to that of conventional CagA ELISA. The sensitivity of the two ELISAs differed depending on the cagA genotype. The sensitivity of East Asian-type CagA ELISA was higher for subjects infected with East Asian-type cagA H. pylori (P < 0.001), and the sensitivity of the conventional CagA ELISA tended to be higher for subjects infected with Western cagA H. pylori (P = 0.056). The titer of anti-CagA antibody tended to correlate with monocyte infiltration scores (r = 0.25, P = 0.058) and was inversely correlated with H. pylori density (r = -0.26, P = 0.043).CONCLUSIONThe novel ELISA is useful to detect anti-CagA antibodies in East Asian countries, and the titer may be a marker for predicting chronic gastritis.
基金China National 111 Project Under Grant No. B07019.
文摘Underwater cylindrical shell structures have been found a wide of application in many engineering fields, such as the element of marine, oil platforms, etc. The coupled vibration analysis is a hot issue for these underwater structures. The vibration characteristics of underwater structures are influenced not only by hydrodynamic pressure but also by hydrostatic pressure corresponding to different water depths. In this study, an acoustic finite element method was used to evaluate the underwater structures. Taken the hydrostatic pressure into account in terms of initial stress stiffness, an acoustical fluid-structure coupled analysis of underwater cylindrical shells has been made to study the effect of hydrodynamic pressures on natural frequency and sound radiation. By comparing with the frequencies obtained by the acoustic finite element method and by the added mass method based on the Bessel function, the validity of present analysis was checked. Finally, test samples of the sound radiation of stiffened cylindrical shells were acquired by a harmonic acoustic analysis. The results showed that hydrostatic pressure plays an important role in determining a large submerged body motion, and the characteristics of sound radiation change with water depth. Furthermore, the analysis methods and the results are of significant reference value for studies of other complicated submarine structures.
文摘Objective To compare the postoperative outcomes of patients with the diagnostic univentricular heart undergoing lateral tunnel （LT） operation with extracardiac conduit （EC） operation. Methods- From June 1996 to July 2007, 114 consecutive patients with a single ventricle underwent total cavopulmonary connection （TCPC） in Children＇s Heart Center, lAniversity Hospital Giessen and Marburg GmbH, Germany. A LT was performed in 19 （16.7%） patients, and an EC in 95 （83.3%） patients. The mean age of EC group was 50.8±31.6 （ranging from 22 to 212） months, and that of LT group was 61.5±41.2 （ranging from 30 to 168） months. Early and midterm outcomes of two groups were analyzed.Results One died in LT group （5.3%） and three in EC group （3.2%）. The overall mortality was 3.5%. There was no significant difference in mortality between EC-and-LT groups （P〉0.05）. The postoperative pulmonary arterial pressure, oxygen saturation, and effusion time of two groups had no significant difference （all P〉0.05）. No significant difference in the occurrences of complications （arrhythmias, enteropathy, and thrombosis） was found between two groups after operation （P〉0.05）. Conclusions There seems no difference between LT and EC in the clinical results in the early and middle postoperative stage. Glenn anastomosis followed by an EC seems to have some advantages.
基金Supported by the Doctor's Fund Item of Shandong Province (No.2006BS06010)National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) (No.2007AA09Z433)
文摘Morphology of the spermatozoon of Octopus ocellatus was studied by light, scanning electron, and transmission electron microscopes. Sperm are 600-700 um long, with a large number of granules in diameter about 130 um. Each spermatozoon is composed of a head, neck, and tail. The head is made up of an acrosomal complex anterior to the nucleus. The spiral acrosomal complex consists of an electron-lucent vesicle, lacuna, and an electron-dense acrosomal vesicle. Additionally, the spiral acrosomal vesicle has numerous equidistant striations, and is surrounded by many small granules （20 nm diameter）. A long straight nucleus, which is electron-densed, has a deep posterior concavity, the nuclear vacuole. At the terminal end of the nucleus is a sleeve-like structure with a concave posterior nuclear fossa （PNF）. The neck is short connecting the PNF. The basal body is located in the PNF and gives rise to the axoneme. This structure connects the head, neck, and tail. The tail is divided into a middle piece and a principal piece. The middle piece, having a 9＋9＋2 arrangement, is surrounded by a mitochondrial sheath and terminates by an electron-dense fibrous sheath. The principal piece is the longest part of the sperm with coarse fibers tapering posteriorly. The results of this study shall provide some useful information for artificial breeding of this species.
基金Supported by the Youth Science and Technology InnovationItem Foundation of Fujian Province(2001J008)
文摘Based on couple wave equation and finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) algorithm,the strong couple characteristic of 2-D photonic crystal couplers is calculated.Theoretical analysis and numerical simulated results indicate that the energy in a 2-D photonic crystal coupler can not be totally transferred between two wave-guides.Compared with the result of weak coupling theory,our result is more accurate.
基金supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of P.R.China under Grant No.2012 AA121604 the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants No.60902042,No.61170014,No.61202079+1 种基金 the National Research Foundation for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China under Grant No.20090006110014 the Foundation for Key Program of Ministry of Education of China under Grant No.311007
文摘The architecture of cislunar multi-hop communication networks, which focuses on the requirements of lunar full-coverage and continuous cislunar communications, is presented on the basis of Geosynchronous Orbit (GEO) satellite network relays. According to the geographical distribution of the forthcoming Chinese Deep Space Measuring and Controlling Network (DSMCN), two networking schemes are proposed and two elevation angle optimization models are established for locating GEO relay satellites. To analyze the dynamic connectivity, a dynamic network model is constructed with respect to the time-varying characteristics of cislunar trunk links. The advantages of the two proposed schemes, in terms of the Connectivity Rate (CR), Interruption Frequency (IF), and Average Length of Connecting Duration (ALCD), are corroborated by several simulations. In the case of the lunar polar orbit constellation case, the gains in the performance of scheme I are observed to be 134.55%, 117.03%, and 217.47% compared with DSMCN for three evaluation indicators, and the gains in the performance of scheme II are observed to be 238. 22%, 240.40%, and 572.71%. The results validate that the connectivity of GEO satellites outperforms that of earth facilities significantly and schemes based on GEO satellite relays are promising options for cislunar multi-hop communication networking.
文摘Cooperative system bridges comprise several basic structures that act jointly to improve structural characteristics. We delved into the historical development of cooperative system bridges. Cooperative systems are classified as different-load cooperative systems and same-load cooperative systems by distinguishing the modes of load distribution. For different-load cooperation,individual basic structures are at different positions in the direction along bridge axis and carry the loads separately. While for same-load cooperation,all basic structures overlap in geometrical locations and support the entire loads conjointly. The choosing of span ratios between basic structures,the design of connections of different-load cooperative systems were discussed as well as optimizations of relative rigidity for same-load cooperative systems which greatly influence structural characteristics. The general situation and several structural measurements of several cooperative bridges were demonstrated. This information can assist engineers in developing their concepts in cooperative systems and can lead to more efficient and economical cooperative bridges.
文摘In this paper, we consider a system consisting of two capacitively coupled superconducting islands viaJosephson junctions. We show that it can be reduced to two coupling harmonic oscillators under certain conditions,and can be solved exactly in terms of a displacing transformation, a beam-splitter-like transformation, and a squeezingtransformation. It is found that the system evolves by a rotated-squeezed-coherent state when the system is initially in acoherent state. Quantum dynamics of the Cooper pairs in the two superconducting islands are investigated. It is shownthat the number of the Cooper pairs in the two islands evolves periodically.
基金Supported by the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China （973 Program） （2010CB428804） the National Science Foundation ot China （40672172） and the Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment（2009ZX07212-003）
文摘Determinations of fracture network connections would help the investigators remove those ＂meaningless＂ no-flow-passing fractures, providing an updated and more effective fracture network that could considerably improve the computation efficiency in the pertinent numerical simulations of fluid flow and solute transport. The effective algorithms with higher computational efficiency are needed to accomplish this task in large-scale fractured rock masses. A new approach using R tree indexing was proposed for determining fracture connection in 3D stochastically distributed fracture network. By com- paring with the traditional exhaustion algorithm, it was observed that from the simulation results, this approach was much more effective; and the more the fractures were investigated, the more obvious the advantages of the approach were. Furthermore, it was indicated that the runtime used for creating the R tree indexing has a major part in the total of the runtime used for calculating Minimum Bounding Rectangles （MBRs）, creating the R tree indexing, precisely finding out fracture intersections, and identifying flow paths, which are four important steps to determine fracture connections. This proposed approach for the determination of fracture connections in three-dimensional fractured rocks are expected to provide efficient preprocessing and critical database for practically accomplishing numerical computation of fluid flow and solute transport in large-scale fractured rock masses.
基金Supported by the State Key Development Program for Basic Research of China (2006CB202503)
文摘With a particular focus on the connection between liquid flow distribution and gas-liquid mass transfer in monolithic beds in the Taylor flow regime, hydrodynamic and gas-liquid mass transfer experiments were carriedout in a column with a monolithic bed of cell density of 50 cpsi with trio different distributors （nozzle and packed bed distributors）. Liquid saturation in individual channels was measured by using self-made micro-conductivity probes. A mal-distribution factor was used to evaluate uniform degree of phase distribution in monoliths. Overall bed pressure drop and mass transfer coefficients were measured. For liquid flow distribution and gas-liquid masstransfer, it is found that the superficial liquid velocity is a crucial factor and the packed bed distributor is better than the nozzle distributor. A semi-theoretical analysis using single channel models shows that the packed bed distributor always yields shorter and uniformly distributed liquid slugs compared to the nozzle distributor, which in turn ensures a better mass transfer performance. A bed scale mass transfer model is proposed by employing the single channel models in individual channels and incorporating effects of non-uniform liquid distribution along the bedcross-section. The model predicts the overall gas-liquid mass transfer coefficient wig a relative error within ＋30%.
文摘A piezoelectric accelerometer with optical fiber to measure the dynamic parameter of 3 dimensions is presented. The operation equations on X, Y and Z axes are divided, and the test results of 3 dimensional sensitivities and frequency response, are given as well as experiment results of vibration test with this setup.
文摘Investigation of new orbit geometries exhibits a very attractive behavior for a spacecraft to monitor space weather coming from the Sun. Several orbit transfer mechanisms are analyzed as potential alternatives to monitor solar activity such as a sub-solar orbit or quasi-satellite orbit and short and long heteroclinic and homoclinic connections between the triangular points L4 and L5 and the collinear point L3 of the CRTBP （circular restricted three-body problem） in the Sun-Earth system. These trajectories could serve as channels through where material can be transported from L5 to L3 by performing small maneuvers at the departure of the Trojan orbit. The size of these maneuvers at L5 is between 299 m/s and 730 m/s depending on the transfer time of the trajectory and does not need any deterministic maneuvers at L3. Our results suggest that material may also be transported from the Trojan orbits to quasi-satellite orbits or even displaced quasi-satellite orbits.
文摘This study focuses on the correlation between sociology and complexity and it operates a reflection on the deep epistemological and ontological meaning of complexity, revealing how complexity goes beyond the analysis of the global society and is linked to sociology itself and to the issue of its scientific trait. The study shows how complexity, rediscovered following the globalization processes, reconnects sociology with its own origins and concerns the issue of the relation of sociological science with its own object, that is to say, society and social order. In a more radical manner, the challenge of complexity is intertwined with the road of revisiting modern science and epistemological identifying among ＂order＂, ＂intelligibility＂, and ＂science＂. In such a vision, complexity, not only reconnects sociology to its obiect, but highlights how those traits considered as non-scientific residue of human and social sciences belong to the fundamental issue of scientific knowledge. The challenge of complexity is outlined, as questioning the idea according to which the ＂modern＂ science depletes the ＂scientific vision of the world＂.
