Various invasive and non-invasive brain modulation methods are widely used to regulate sensory,cognitive,and motor functions both within local and large brain networks.This special issue provides innovative studies to...Various invasive and non-invasive brain modulation methods are widely used to regulate sensory,cognitive,and motor functions both within local and large brain networks.This special issue provides innovative studies to optimize relevant methods and understand their neural mechanisms,paving the way for personalized neuromodulation of cognitive function.The cover of this issue uses the image of the four heavenly Kings in Chinese culture who are in charge of good weather.It compares the process of neuroregulation technology that integrates the principles of sound,light electricity or magnetism in treating the diseased brain,to the moment when these gods cast their spells to bring sunshine and peace to the human brain in the midst of lightning and thunder.展开更多
The surface solar radiation in most parts of the world has undergone a phenomenon known as global dimming and brightening,characterized by an initial decrease followed by an increase.As a result,the sunshine duration(...The surface solar radiation in most parts of the world has undergone a phenomenon known as global dimming and brightening,characterized by an initial decrease followed by an increase.As a result,the sunshine duration(SD)has decreased in the past 60 years.Against the backdrop of global dimming and brightening,SD has decreased to varying degrees in many regions of China.Using the observed data of SD,cloud amount(total cloud amount and low cloud amount,abbreviated as TCA and LCA),precipitation,and relative humidity(RH)from 34 meteorological stations in Chongqing during the period of 1961-2020,along with a digital elevation model(DEM)with a resolution of 90 m,this study analyzed the spatiotemporal variations and influencing factors of SD.The analysis employed methods such as linear regression,Mann-Kendall test,wavelet transformation,and DEM-based possible SD distributed model.The results showed that the annual SD in Chongqing has significantly decreased over the last 60 years,with a decreasing interannual trend rate(ITR)of 40.4 h/10a.Except for no obvious trend in spring,SD decreased significantly in summer,autumn and winter at the ITR of 21.1 h/10a,8.5 h/10a and 7.5 h/10a,respectively.An abrupt decrease in the annual SD was found in 1979.The difference before and after the abrupt decrease was 177.7 h.The difference before and after the abrupt decrease was 177.7 h.The annual SD possessed the oscillation period of 11a.The spatial heterogeneity of the mean annual SD during the last 60 years was obvious.The distribution of SD in Chongqing is high in the northeast and low in the southeast.In addition,about 73%of the total area in Chongqing showed a significant and very significant decreasing trend.The regions with significant changes are mainly concentrated in the regions with altitudes of 200~1000 m.The increasing LCA was the main cause of the decrease of the annual SD in the regions with 200-400 m altitude decreased the most and changed the most.Increasing LCA is the primary cause of the reduction in annual SD,showing a strong negative correlation coefficient of-0.7292.In Chongqing,PM2.5 concentration showed a significant decrease trend in annual,spring,autumn and winter during 2000-2020,but the significant correlation between PM2.5 concentration and SD was only in autumn and reached an extremely significant level.展开更多
Sunshine duration (S) based empirical equations have been employed in this study to estimate the daily global solar radiation on a horizontal surface (G) for six meteorological stations in Burundi. Those equations inc...Sunshine duration (S) based empirical equations have been employed in this study to estimate the daily global solar radiation on a horizontal surface (G) for six meteorological stations in Burundi. Those equations include the Ångström-Prescott linear model and four amongst its derivatives, i.e. logarithmic, exponential, power and quadratic functions. Monthly mean values of daily global solar radiation and sunshine duration data for a period of 20 to 23 years, from the Geographical Institute of Burundi (IGEBU), have been used. For any of the six stations, ten single or double linear regressions have been developed from the above-said five functions, to relate in terms of monthly mean values, the daily clearness index () to each of the next two kinds of relative sunshine duration (RSD): and . In those ratios, G<sub>0</sub>, S<sub>0 </sub>and stand for the extraterrestrial daily solar radiation on a horizontal surface, the day length and the modified day length taking into account the natural site’s horizon, respectively. According to the calculated mean values of the clearness index and the RSD, each station experiences a high number of fairly clear (or partially cloudy) days. Estimated values of the dependent variable (y) in each developed linear regression, have been compared to measured values in terms of the coefficients of correlation (R) and of determination (R<sub>2</sub>), the mean bias error (MBE), the root mean square error (RMSE) and the t-statistics. Mean values of these statistical indicators have been used to rank, according to decreasing performance level, firstly the ten developed equations per station on account of the overall six stations, secondly the six stations on account of the overall ten equations. Nevertheless, the obtained values of those indicators lay in the next ranges for all the developed sixty equations:;;;, with . These results lead to assert that any of the sixty developed linear regressions (and thus equations in terms of and ), fits very adequately measured data, and should be used to estimate monthly average daily global solar radiation with sunshine duration for the relevant station. It is also found that using as RSD, is slightly more advantageous than using for estimating the monthly average daily clearness index, . Moreover, values of statistical indicators of this study match adequately data from other works on the same kinds of empirical equations.展开更多
This study is the first phase of research results from the student innovation project“Yunqiao Sunshine Health and Wellness Homestay”group at Chengdu Normal University.By analyzing the current state of the Sunshine H...This study is the first phase of research results from the student innovation project“Yunqiao Sunshine Health and Wellness Homestay”group at Chengdu Normal University.By analyzing the current state of the Sunshine Health and Wellness Tourism Area economy in the Panxi region of Sichuan,local policies,and the current state of Sunshine Health and Wellness homestays and hotels,this paper proposes the possibility of developing Sunshine Health and Wellness homestays and hotels through traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)health preservation methods.It also proposes development strategies for such hotels through a market survey SWOT analysis.展开更多
Sunshine Sports has played a significant role in promoting the teaching of Taekwondo in colleges and universities.By analyzing the connection between the Sunshine Sports concept and Taekwondo teaching,the characterist...Sunshine Sports has played a significant role in promoting the teaching of Taekwondo in colleges and universities.By analyzing the connection between the Sunshine Sports concept and Taekwondo teaching,the characteristics of the Sunshine Sports concept in Taekwondo teaching in colleges and universities are discussed.This article expounds on the influencing factors in implementing the Sunshine Sports concept and discusses how to carry out scientific and reasonable teaching methods.展开更多
[Objective] The change law and meteorological factor of sunshine duration in Dalian in recent 60 years were studied.[Method] Based on the statistical data of sunshine duration from base station in Dalian City from 195...[Objective] The change law and meteorological factor of sunshine duration in Dalian in recent 60 years were studied.[Method] Based on the statistical data of sunshine duration from base station in Dalian City from 1951 to 2009,the annual,seasonal,and monthly variation of sunshine duration in recent 60 years were analyzed,as well as its relationship with meteorological factors,and sunshine duration was detected by means of climate mutation theory.[Result] Annual sunshine duration in Dalian in recent 60 years showed decrease trend on the whole,and its climatic variation rate was-3.31 h/a,with larger annual variation,namely the difference between maximum value(1978) and minimum value(2003) reached 681 h;there was obvious seasonal variation in sunshine duration,with the order of autumn>summer>winter>spring,and their climatic variation rate were-1.18,-1.15,-0.91 and-0.62 h/a;except for March,sunshine duration in each month went down,especially October,while there was slight increase in March;sunshine percentage had inverse correlation relationship with total cloudiness,relative humidity and heavy fog days;annual sunshine duration reduced abruptly around 1983.[Conclusion] Our study could provide scientific foundation for the development of agriculture and forestry in Dalian City.展开更多
由吉米.戴维斯和查尔斯.米切尔合作谱曲填词、吉米.戴维斯在1940年2月4日录制的英语歌曲You Are My Sunshine在当时非常流行,甚至成了英国国王乔治六世的最爱。它为什么那么成功?目前,歌曲的语言学研究有一些,但尚无对这首歌词的分析。...由吉米.戴维斯和查尔斯.米切尔合作谱曲填词、吉米.戴维斯在1940年2月4日录制的英语歌曲You Are My Sunshine在当时非常流行,甚至成了英国国王乔治六世的最爱。它为什么那么成功?目前,歌曲的语言学研究有一些,但尚无对这首歌词的分析。本文运用系统功能语法的经验功能对它进行分析后发现,与现有研究发现的歌曲以物质过程为主不同,这首歌词的过程类型以心理过程和关系过程为主,所有过程都是表达爱意的心理活动和双方关系的典型动词,令人倍感亲切和难忘,这是这首歌曲成功的语言因素之一。此外,文章还就分析结论及其不足等方面进行了一些简单的讨论。展开更多
Based on the data of precipitation in Shenyang from 1951 to 2009,the variation characteristics of precipitation and sunshine hours in Shenyang in recent 59 years were analyzed and studied comprehensively from differen...Based on the data of precipitation in Shenyang from 1951 to 2009,the variation characteristics of precipitation and sunshine hours in Shenyang in recent 59 years were analyzed and studied comprehensively from different time scales of annual,seasonal and monthly,etc..And the relationship between the precipitation and sunshine duration was analyzed.It was concluded that the changes of precipitation between years is big,the distribution of the precipitation among four seasons is uneven,and the overall change trend of the precipitation is in downward from 1951 to 2009.It was also found that the sunshine duration changes are generally in decreased trend.展开更多
The year of 2013 is a typical rainy and poor sunshine year, and the monthly sunshine hours from May to October were all lower than the average, which from July to September was only 69.3%,71.1% and 56.2% of average, r...The year of 2013 is a typical rainy and poor sunshine year, and the monthly sunshine hours from May to October were all lower than the average, which from July to September was only 69.3%,71.1% and 56.2% of average, respectively. In cotton-wheat system 10 cotton varieties （lines） were planted to select the most suitable varieties for cotton-wheat system in rainy and poor sunshine years through investigating cotton growing traits in 2013. The results showed that in cotton-wheat system the vegetative growth of cotton was mainly from late June to middle July especially in rainy and poor sunshine years. And with the increase of the cotton growth period the peak of vegetative growth delayed, the ratio of the autumn bolls increased, and the ratio of pre-frost yield decreased. In all the varieties unginned cottonyield of Zhongmiansuo 50 with shorter growth period, higher rate of summer bolls and better fiber quality, seed yield reached 3 814.1 kg/hm2, higher than that of other varieties （lines） significantly, and the rate of pre-frost yield reached 83.4%, which was the most suitable variety for cotton-wheat system in rainy and poor sunshine years.展开更多
Stephen Leacock(1869-1944) is one of the founding parents of Canadian letters and literature. In the early 20thcentury, his reputation as a humorist and a political economist was not limited by the boundaries of Canad...Stephen Leacock(1869-1944) is one of the founding parents of Canadian letters and literature. In the early 20thcentury, his reputation as a humorist and a political economist was not limited by the boundaries of Canada but spread around the world. As one of his works, Sunshine Sketches of a Little Town has attracted world-wide admiration. It is a series of vignettes dramatizing the comedy of day-to-day life in Mariposa. It is bathed in the warm sunshine for all of us to laugh at as one of us remembers the little towns we might have known or come from. As a matter of fact, Leacock employs several techniques in his writing for humorous effect. This paper elaborates on the auther and the work, and makes an analysis on the character—Smith.展开更多
This thesis attempts to investigate the humor in characterization in two novels,Sunshine Sketches of a Little Town by a Canadian writer Stephen Leacock and The Adventures ofHuckleberry Finn by an American writer Mark ...This thesis attempts to investigate the humor in characterization in two novels,Sunshine Sketches of a Little Town by a Canadian writer Stephen Leacock and The Adventures ofHuckleberry Finn by an American writer Mark Twain.Through comparison of characterization inthese two great works,the lively and funny appearances,psychological development and humorousconducts of the characters come to life.It does help readers have a thorough understanding of thehumor created by these two masters of realism in the worldwide literature.展开更多
Solar radiation is often shielded by terrain relief, especially in mountainous areas, before reaching the surface of the Earth. The objective of this paper is to study the spatial structures of the shielded astronomic...Solar radiation is often shielded by terrain relief, especially in mountainous areas, before reaching the surface of the Earth. The objective of this paper is to study the spatial structures of the shielded astronomical solar radiation(SASR) and the possible sunshine duration(PSD) over the Loess Plateau. To this end, we chose six test areas representing different landforms over the Loess Plateau and the software package of Matlab was used as the main computing platform. In each test area, 5-m-resolution digital elevation model established from 1:10,000 scale topographic maps was used to compute the corresponding slope, SASR and PSD. Then, we defined the concepts of the slope-mean SASR spectrum and the slope-mean PSD spectrum, and proposed a method to extract them from the computed slope, SASR and PSD over rectangular analysis windows. Using this method, we found both spectrums in a year or in a season for each of the four seasons in the six test areas. Each spectrum was found only when the area of the corresponding rectangular analysis window was greater than the corresponding stable area of the spectrum. The values of the two spectrums decreased when the slope increased.Furthermore, the values of the stable areas of the spectrums in a year or in a season were positively correlated with the variable coefficients of the slope or the profile curvature. The values of the stable areas of the two spectrums in a year or in a season may represent the minimum value of test areas for corresponding future research on the spatial structures of the SASR or PSD. All the findings herein suggest that the spatial structures of the PSD and the SASR are caused by the interactions between solar radiation and terrain relief and that the method for extracting either spectrum is effective for detecting their spatial structures. This study may deepen our understanding of the spatial structure of solar radiation and help us further explore the distribution of solar energy in mountainous regions.展开更多
Using the observed data from 184 stations over the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau （YGP） from 1961 to 2005, the long-term trends in sunshine duration, cloud amount, dry visibility （Vd）, dry extinction, and water vapor over...Using the observed data from 184 stations over the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau （YGP） from 1961 to 2005, the long-term trends in sunshine duration, cloud amount, dry visibility （Vd）, dry extinction, and water vapor over the YGP are analyzed. The results show that 85% of the stations recorded shortening annual sunshine duration, with the decrease rates between -12.2 and -173.7 h/10yr. Results of Mann-Kendall tests indicate that, among the stations with decreasing sunshine duration, 63.7% of them experienced an abrupt change that started in the 1970s and peaked in the 1980s. This decreasing trend has reversed in the early years of the 21st century. The cloud cover and water vapor content in the mid and lower levels over the YGP had no obvious changes during the study period. The annual averages of Vd declined from 34 km in the 1960s to 27 km at present. The annual mean dry extinction coefficient trended upward, from 0.176 to 0.190, on the YGP from 1980 to 2005. Analyses of cloud cover, water vapor, atmospheric visibility, and dry extinction coefficient revealed that emitted tropospheric aerosols （including air pollutants） resulting from increased energy consumption over the YGP could be a major Factor influencing the reductions of sunshine duration and atmospheric visibility.展开更多
The annual,seasonal and monthly variation of sunshine duration and its relationship with cloudiness and precipitation in recent 50 years were analyzed in Guide County,and sunshine duration was detected and analyzed un...The annual,seasonal and monthly variation of sunshine duration and its relationship with cloudiness and precipitation in recent 50 years were analyzed in Guide County,and sunshine duration was detected and analyzed under Mann-Kendall climate sudden change theory.The results showed that annual sunshine duration generally had a decreasing tendency over the last 50 years with large annual variation range,and there was a difference of 357.5 h between peak point(1963) and valley point(1975).Sunshine duration changed obviously with seasons,and the sequence of seasonal sunshine duration was summer > winter > spring > autumn.Sunshine duration had a slight increase in April,May and November and a decrease in other months.The sunshine duration change was in good agreement with total cloudiness from February to July,while the sunshine duration changes in autumn and winter had an opposite tendency with total cloudiness.Meanwhile,there was a significant negative correlation between annual precipitation and sunshine duration,the valley of annual precipitation and the peak of sunshine duration occurred in the same year.展开更多
By using the statistics and analysis of Reorganization of Meteorological Data on the ground in Lingshui County in 1971-2006,the change trend of sunshine hours in Lingshui County in recent 36 years was studied.The gene...By using the statistics and analysis of Reorganization of Meteorological Data on the ground in Lingshui County in 1971-2006,the change trend of sunshine hours in Lingshui County in recent 36 years was studied.The general characteristic rule of sunshine-hour evolution,the influences of climate background and sunshine hours change on the agriculture were analyzed.The results showed that the annual variation and seasonal variation of sunshine hours in Lingshui County all showed the decrease trends.But the variation in fall was the smallest and was the greatest in winter.Therefore,the influence of sunshine hours change on the agriculture in winter was the most prominent.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to analyze the changes characteristics of sunshine hours of Dalian City. [Method] Based on the data of sunshine hours of Dalian City during 1951 to 2009 and by dint of linear estimation and acc...[Objective] The aim was to analyze the changes characteristics of sunshine hours of Dalian City. [Method] Based on the data of sunshine hours of Dalian City during 1951 to 2009 and by dint of linear estimation and accumulation anomaly, the change characteristics of decade, annual, seasonal, monthly sunshine hours in Dalian City were analyzed. [Result] The change characteristics of decade, annual, seasonal, monthly sunshine hours in Dalian City were in a decrease trend since recent 59 years. The average sunshine hour in 1950s was the maximum one. Since 21st century, the annual sunshine hour was the lowest one. Annual average sunshine hours were the highest in 1978, and lowest in 2003. There were more sunshine hours before 1989 and later less. Among the four seasons, the sunshine hours in autumn decreased fastest and slowest in spring. The monthly average sunshine hours were the most in May and least in December; the sunshine hours in each month decreased fastest in July. It showed increasing tendency only in March. [Conclusion] The study supplied scientific reference for the reasonable utilization of light energy, agricultural production structure and sustainable development of agricultural economy.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to study the characteristics of sunshine hour changes in Tacheng in recent 50 years.[Method] By dint of the measured data of annual,seasonal and monthly sunshine hour’s changes in four meteoro...[Objective] The aim was to study the characteristics of sunshine hour changes in Tacheng in recent 50 years.[Method] By dint of the measured data of annual,seasonal and monthly sunshine hour’s changes in four meteorological observatories from 1960 to 2009,using linear regression analysis method,the characteristics of sunshine hour changes in Tacheng in recent 50 years were studied.[Result] The results showed that the annual average sunshine hours in Tacheng Basin in recent 50 years were above 2 800.0 h,among which Tacheng,Yumin had the most,2 936.1,2 921.3 h respectively and Emin the least,2 814.2 h.The sunshine hours were the most in autumn and summer,followed by winter,and were least in spring;sunshine hours during growth season in Tacheng and Yumin were the most,followed by Emin and then Tuoli.The linear tendency rate of sunshine hours in four stations in February was negative.But only the value in Tacheng,Emin decreased at a rate of-4.7 and-6.0 respectively;the linear tendency rate of sunshine hours in four stations in May,June and October were positive,but only Yumin station mounted at a rate of 14.5,12.6,11.2 h/10 a.The linear tendency of seasonal sunshine hours during the year and the growth season increased in Yumin at a rate of 74.9 and 60.5 h/10 a.The linear tendency rate of sunshine hours in four stations in winter was negative,among which the rate of Tacheng,Emin and Tuoli decreased at a rate of-5.5,-6.7,-4.9 h/10 a;that in other three seasons,only in Yumin,it increased most rapidly at a rate of 9.7,7.7 and 7.0 h/10 a.[Conclusion] The study provides theoretical reference for the adjustment and perfection of husbandry industry structure and optimization,reasonable development and utilization of solar energy resources.展开更多
文摘Various invasive and non-invasive brain modulation methods are widely used to regulate sensory,cognitive,and motor functions both within local and large brain networks.This special issue provides innovative studies to optimize relevant methods and understand their neural mechanisms,paving the way for personalized neuromodulation of cognitive function.The cover of this issue uses the image of the four heavenly Kings in Chinese culture who are in charge of good weather.It compares the process of neuroregulation technology that integrates the principles of sound,light electricity or magnetism in treating the diseased brain,to the moment when these gods cast their spells to bring sunshine and peace to the human brain in the midst of lightning and thunder.
基金the National Key R&D Program(Grant No.2019YFE0115200)Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.42071217).
文摘The surface solar radiation in most parts of the world has undergone a phenomenon known as global dimming and brightening,characterized by an initial decrease followed by an increase.As a result,the sunshine duration(SD)has decreased in the past 60 years.Against the backdrop of global dimming and brightening,SD has decreased to varying degrees in many regions of China.Using the observed data of SD,cloud amount(total cloud amount and low cloud amount,abbreviated as TCA and LCA),precipitation,and relative humidity(RH)from 34 meteorological stations in Chongqing during the period of 1961-2020,along with a digital elevation model(DEM)with a resolution of 90 m,this study analyzed the spatiotemporal variations and influencing factors of SD.The analysis employed methods such as linear regression,Mann-Kendall test,wavelet transformation,and DEM-based possible SD distributed model.The results showed that the annual SD in Chongqing has significantly decreased over the last 60 years,with a decreasing interannual trend rate(ITR)of 40.4 h/10a.Except for no obvious trend in spring,SD decreased significantly in summer,autumn and winter at the ITR of 21.1 h/10a,8.5 h/10a and 7.5 h/10a,respectively.An abrupt decrease in the annual SD was found in 1979.The difference before and after the abrupt decrease was 177.7 h.The difference before and after the abrupt decrease was 177.7 h.The annual SD possessed the oscillation period of 11a.The spatial heterogeneity of the mean annual SD during the last 60 years was obvious.The distribution of SD in Chongqing is high in the northeast and low in the southeast.In addition,about 73%of the total area in Chongqing showed a significant and very significant decreasing trend.The regions with significant changes are mainly concentrated in the regions with altitudes of 200~1000 m.The increasing LCA was the main cause of the decrease of the annual SD in the regions with 200-400 m altitude decreased the most and changed the most.Increasing LCA is the primary cause of the reduction in annual SD,showing a strong negative correlation coefficient of-0.7292.In Chongqing,PM2.5 concentration showed a significant decrease trend in annual,spring,autumn and winter during 2000-2020,but the significant correlation between PM2.5 concentration and SD was only in autumn and reached an extremely significant level.
文摘Sunshine duration (S) based empirical equations have been employed in this study to estimate the daily global solar radiation on a horizontal surface (G) for six meteorological stations in Burundi. Those equations include the Ångström-Prescott linear model and four amongst its derivatives, i.e. logarithmic, exponential, power and quadratic functions. Monthly mean values of daily global solar radiation and sunshine duration data for a period of 20 to 23 years, from the Geographical Institute of Burundi (IGEBU), have been used. For any of the six stations, ten single or double linear regressions have been developed from the above-said five functions, to relate in terms of monthly mean values, the daily clearness index () to each of the next two kinds of relative sunshine duration (RSD): and . In those ratios, G<sub>0</sub>, S<sub>0 </sub>and stand for the extraterrestrial daily solar radiation on a horizontal surface, the day length and the modified day length taking into account the natural site’s horizon, respectively. According to the calculated mean values of the clearness index and the RSD, each station experiences a high number of fairly clear (or partially cloudy) days. Estimated values of the dependent variable (y) in each developed linear regression, have been compared to measured values in terms of the coefficients of correlation (R) and of determination (R<sub>2</sub>), the mean bias error (MBE), the root mean square error (RMSE) and the t-statistics. Mean values of these statistical indicators have been used to rank, according to decreasing performance level, firstly the ten developed equations per station on account of the overall six stations, secondly the six stations on account of the overall ten equations. Nevertheless, the obtained values of those indicators lay in the next ranges for all the developed sixty equations:;;;, with . These results lead to assert that any of the sixty developed linear regressions (and thus equations in terms of and ), fits very adequately measured data, and should be used to estimate monthly average daily global solar radiation with sunshine duration for the relevant station. It is also found that using as RSD, is slightly more advantageous than using for estimating the monthly average daily clearness index, . Moreover, values of statistical indicators of this study match adequately data from other works on the same kinds of empirical equations.
文摘This study is the first phase of research results from the student innovation project“Yunqiao Sunshine Health and Wellness Homestay”group at Chengdu Normal University.By analyzing the current state of the Sunshine Health and Wellness Tourism Area economy in the Panxi region of Sichuan,local policies,and the current state of Sunshine Health and Wellness homestays and hotels,this paper proposes the possibility of developing Sunshine Health and Wellness homestays and hotels through traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)health preservation methods.It also proposes development strategies for such hotels through a market survey SWOT analysis.
基金Scientific Research Innovation Project of China University of Political Science and Law Item(No.:21ZFY88001)The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘Sunshine Sports has played a significant role in promoting the teaching of Taekwondo in colleges and universities.By analyzing the connection between the Sunshine Sports concept and Taekwondo teaching,the characteristics of the Sunshine Sports concept in Taekwondo teaching in colleges and universities are discussed.This article expounds on the influencing factors in implementing the Sunshine Sports concept and discusses how to carry out scientific and reasonable teaching methods.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (40971294)Science and Technology Planning Project of Dalian Science and Technology Bureau(2009E11SF230)~~
文摘[Objective] The change law and meteorological factor of sunshine duration in Dalian in recent 60 years were studied.[Method] Based on the statistical data of sunshine duration from base station in Dalian City from 1951 to 2009,the annual,seasonal,and monthly variation of sunshine duration in recent 60 years were analyzed,as well as its relationship with meteorological factors,and sunshine duration was detected by means of climate mutation theory.[Result] Annual sunshine duration in Dalian in recent 60 years showed decrease trend on the whole,and its climatic variation rate was-3.31 h/a,with larger annual variation,namely the difference between maximum value(1978) and minimum value(2003) reached 681 h;there was obvious seasonal variation in sunshine duration,with the order of autumn>summer>winter>spring,and their climatic variation rate were-1.18,-1.15,-0.91 and-0.62 h/a;except for March,sunshine duration in each month went down,especially October,while there was slight increase in March;sunshine percentage had inverse correlation relationship with total cloudiness,relative humidity and heavy fog days;annual sunshine duration reduced abruptly around 1983.[Conclusion] Our study could provide scientific foundation for the development of agriculture and forestry in Dalian City.
文摘由吉米.戴维斯和查尔斯.米切尔合作谱曲填词、吉米.戴维斯在1940年2月4日录制的英语歌曲You Are My Sunshine在当时非常流行,甚至成了英国国王乔治六世的最爱。它为什么那么成功?目前,歌曲的语言学研究有一些,但尚无对这首歌词的分析。本文运用系统功能语法的经验功能对它进行分析后发现,与现有研究发现的歌曲以物质过程为主不同,这首歌词的过程类型以心理过程和关系过程为主,所有过程都是表达爱意的心理活动和双方关系的典型动词,令人倍感亲切和难忘,这是这首歌曲成功的语言因素之一。此外,文章还就分析结论及其不足等方面进行了一些简单的讨论。
文摘Based on the data of precipitation in Shenyang from 1951 to 2009,the variation characteristics of precipitation and sunshine hours in Shenyang in recent 59 years were analyzed and studied comprehensively from different time scales of annual,seasonal and monthly,etc..And the relationship between the precipitation and sunshine duration was analyzed.It was concluded that the changes of precipitation between years is big,the distribution of the precipitation among four seasons is uneven,and the overall change trend of the precipitation is in downward from 1951 to 2009.It was also found that the sunshine duration changes are generally in decreased trend.
基金Supported by Project Supported by National Science and Technology Ministry(2013BAD05B00)National Cotton Industry System(CARS-18-21)~~
文摘The year of 2013 is a typical rainy and poor sunshine year, and the monthly sunshine hours from May to October were all lower than the average, which from July to September was only 69.3%,71.1% and 56.2% of average, respectively. In cotton-wheat system 10 cotton varieties （lines） were planted to select the most suitable varieties for cotton-wheat system in rainy and poor sunshine years through investigating cotton growing traits in 2013. The results showed that in cotton-wheat system the vegetative growth of cotton was mainly from late June to middle July especially in rainy and poor sunshine years. And with the increase of the cotton growth period the peak of vegetative growth delayed, the ratio of the autumn bolls increased, and the ratio of pre-frost yield decreased. In all the varieties unginned cottonyield of Zhongmiansuo 50 with shorter growth period, higher rate of summer bolls and better fiber quality, seed yield reached 3 814.1 kg/hm2, higher than that of other varieties （lines） significantly, and the rate of pre-frost yield reached 83.4%, which was the most suitable variety for cotton-wheat system in rainy and poor sunshine years.
文摘Stephen Leacock(1869-1944) is one of the founding parents of Canadian letters and literature. In the early 20thcentury, his reputation as a humorist and a political economist was not limited by the boundaries of Canada but spread around the world. As one of his works, Sunshine Sketches of a Little Town has attracted world-wide admiration. It is a series of vignettes dramatizing the comedy of day-to-day life in Mariposa. It is bathed in the warm sunshine for all of us to laugh at as one of us remembers the little towns we might have known or come from. As a matter of fact, Leacock employs several techniques in his writing for humorous effect. This paper elaborates on the auther and the work, and makes an analysis on the character—Smith.
文摘This thesis attempts to investigate the humor in characterization in two novels,Sunshine Sketches of a Little Town by a Canadian writer Stephen Leacock and The Adventures ofHuckleberry Finn by an American writer Mark Twain.Through comparison of characterization inthese two great works,the lively and funny appearances,psychological development and humorousconducts of the characters come to life.It does help readers have a thorough understanding of thehumor created by these two masters of realism in the worldwide literature.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41771423, 41930102, 41601408 and 41491339)the industry-university-research cooperation project for the social development of Fujian province, China (grant number 2018Y0054)
文摘Solar radiation is often shielded by terrain relief, especially in mountainous areas, before reaching the surface of the Earth. The objective of this paper is to study the spatial structures of the shielded astronomical solar radiation(SASR) and the possible sunshine duration(PSD) over the Loess Plateau. To this end, we chose six test areas representing different landforms over the Loess Plateau and the software package of Matlab was used as the main computing platform. In each test area, 5-m-resolution digital elevation model established from 1:10,000 scale topographic maps was used to compute the corresponding slope, SASR and PSD. Then, we defined the concepts of the slope-mean SASR spectrum and the slope-mean PSD spectrum, and proposed a method to extract them from the computed slope, SASR and PSD over rectangular analysis windows. Using this method, we found both spectrums in a year or in a season for each of the four seasons in the six test areas. Each spectrum was found only when the area of the corresponding rectangular analysis window was greater than the corresponding stable area of the spectrum. The values of the two spectrums decreased when the slope increased.Furthermore, the values of the stable areas of the spectrums in a year or in a season were positively correlated with the variable coefficients of the slope or the profile curvature. The values of the stable areas of the two spectrums in a year or in a season may represent the minimum value of test areas for corresponding future research on the spatial structures of the SASR or PSD. All the findings herein suggest that the spatial structures of the PSD and the SASR are caused by the interactions between solar radiation and terrain relief and that the method for extracting either spectrum is effective for detecting their spatial structures. This study may deepen our understanding of the spatial structure of solar radiation and help us further explore the distribution of solar energy in mountainous regions.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (Grant No. 40965009)the Guizhou Provincial Meteorological Bureau Key Laboratory Programme (No. KF200906)
文摘Using the observed data from 184 stations over the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau （YGP） from 1961 to 2005, the long-term trends in sunshine duration, cloud amount, dry visibility （Vd）, dry extinction, and water vapor over the YGP are analyzed. The results show that 85% of the stations recorded shortening annual sunshine duration, with the decrease rates between -12.2 and -173.7 h/10yr. Results of Mann-Kendall tests indicate that, among the stations with decreasing sunshine duration, 63.7% of them experienced an abrupt change that started in the 1970s and peaked in the 1980s. This decreasing trend has reversed in the early years of the 21st century. The cloud cover and water vapor content in the mid and lower levels over the YGP had no obvious changes during the study period. The annual averages of Vd declined from 34 km in the 1960s to 27 km at present. The annual mean dry extinction coefficient trended upward, from 0.176 to 0.190, on the YGP from 1980 to 2005. Analyses of cloud cover, water vapor, atmospheric visibility, and dry extinction coefficient revealed that emitted tropospheric aerosols （including air pollutants） resulting from increased energy consumption over the YGP could be a major Factor influencing the reductions of sunshine duration and atmospheric visibility.
文摘The annual,seasonal and monthly variation of sunshine duration and its relationship with cloudiness and precipitation in recent 50 years were analyzed in Guide County,and sunshine duration was detected and analyzed under Mann-Kendall climate sudden change theory.The results showed that annual sunshine duration generally had a decreasing tendency over the last 50 years with large annual variation range,and there was a difference of 357.5 h between peak point(1963) and valley point(1975).Sunshine duration changed obviously with seasons,and the sequence of seasonal sunshine duration was summer > winter > spring > autumn.Sunshine duration had a slight increase in April,May and November and a decrease in other months.The sunshine duration change was in good agreement with total cloudiness from February to July,while the sunshine duration changes in autumn and winter had an opposite tendency with total cloudiness.Meanwhile,there was a significant negative correlation between annual precipitation and sunshine duration,the valley of annual precipitation and the peak of sunshine duration occurred in the same year.
文摘By using the statistics and analysis of Reorganization of Meteorological Data on the ground in Lingshui County in 1971-2006,the change trend of sunshine hours in Lingshui County in recent 36 years was studied.The general characteristic rule of sunshine-hour evolution,the influences of climate background and sunshine hours change on the agriculture were analyzed.The results showed that the annual variation and seasonal variation of sunshine hours in Lingshui County all showed the decrease trends.But the variation in fall was the smallest and was the greatest in winter.Therefore,the influence of sunshine hours change on the agriculture in winter was the most prominent.
文摘[Objective] The aim was to analyze the changes characteristics of sunshine hours of Dalian City. [Method] Based on the data of sunshine hours of Dalian City during 1951 to 2009 and by dint of linear estimation and accumulation anomaly, the change characteristics of decade, annual, seasonal, monthly sunshine hours in Dalian City were analyzed. [Result] The change characteristics of decade, annual, seasonal, monthly sunshine hours in Dalian City were in a decrease trend since recent 59 years. The average sunshine hour in 1950s was the maximum one. Since 21st century, the annual sunshine hour was the lowest one. Annual average sunshine hours were the highest in 1978, and lowest in 2003. There were more sunshine hours before 1989 and later less. Among the four seasons, the sunshine hours in autumn decreased fastest and slowest in spring. The monthly average sunshine hours were the most in May and least in December; the sunshine hours in each month decreased fastest in July. It showed increasing tendency only in March. [Conclusion] The study supplied scientific reference for the reasonable utilization of light energy, agricultural production structure and sustainable development of agricultural economy.
文摘[Objective] The aim was to study the characteristics of sunshine hour changes in Tacheng in recent 50 years.[Method] By dint of the measured data of annual,seasonal and monthly sunshine hour’s changes in four meteorological observatories from 1960 to 2009,using linear regression analysis method,the characteristics of sunshine hour changes in Tacheng in recent 50 years were studied.[Result] The results showed that the annual average sunshine hours in Tacheng Basin in recent 50 years were above 2 800.0 h,among which Tacheng,Yumin had the most,2 936.1,2 921.3 h respectively and Emin the least,2 814.2 h.The sunshine hours were the most in autumn and summer,followed by winter,and were least in spring;sunshine hours during growth season in Tacheng and Yumin were the most,followed by Emin and then Tuoli.The linear tendency rate of sunshine hours in four stations in February was negative.But only the value in Tacheng,Emin decreased at a rate of-4.7 and-6.0 respectively;the linear tendency rate of sunshine hours in four stations in May,June and October were positive,but only Yumin station mounted at a rate of 14.5,12.6,11.2 h/10 a.The linear tendency of seasonal sunshine hours during the year and the growth season increased in Yumin at a rate of 74.9 and 60.5 h/10 a.The linear tendency rate of sunshine hours in four stations in winter was negative,among which the rate of Tacheng,Emin and Tuoli decreased at a rate of-5.5,-6.7,-4.9 h/10 a;that in other three seasons,only in Yumin,it increased most rapidly at a rate of 9.7,7.7 and 7.0 h/10 a.[Conclusion] The study provides theoretical reference for the adjustment and perfection of husbandry industry structure and optimization,reasonable development and utilization of solar energy resources.
