The combination of needling technique of Mind Regulation with Taoism Concentration is to promote the propagated sensation along the channels （PSC） and the needling sensation to the affected area in order to activate...The combination of needling technique of Mind Regulation with Taoism Concentration is to promote the propagated sensation along the channels （PSC） and the needling sensation to the affected area in order to activate the potential regulation of human body. Prof. Yang Yun-kuan used this combination to treat some pain diseases, nervous system＇s diseases and intractable chronic diseases and got a better result than the general techniques, This is the introduction to the manipulation of this technique and its clinical application.展开更多
Using the modified find some new exact solutions to Lie point symmetry groups and also get conservation laws, of the CK＇s direct method, we build the relationship between new solutions and old ones and the （3＋1）-d...Using the modified find some new exact solutions to Lie point symmetry groups and also get conservation laws, of the CK＇s direct method, we build the relationship between new solutions and old ones and the （3＋1）-dimensional potentiaial-YTSF equation. Baaed on the invariant group theory, Lie symmetries of the （3＋1）-dimensional potential-YTSF equation are obtained. We equation with the given Lie symmetry.展开更多
Using the classical Lie method of infinitesimals, we first obtain the symmetry of the （2＋1）-dimensional Burgers-Korteweg-de-Vries （3D-BKdV） equation. Then we reduce the 3D-BKdV equation using the symmetry and giv...Using the classical Lie method of infinitesimals, we first obtain the symmetry of the （2＋1）-dimensional Burgers-Korteweg-de-Vries （3D-BKdV） equation. Then we reduce the 3D-BKdV equation using the symmetry and give some exact solutions of the 3D-BKdV equation. When using the direct method, we restrict a condition and get a relationship between the new solutions and the old ones. Given a solution of the 3D-BKdV equation, we can get a new one from the relationship. The relationship between the symmetry obtained by using the classical Lie method and that obtained by using the direct method is also mentioned. At last, we give the conservation laws of the 3D-BKdV equation.展开更多
A new multi-mesh contact algorithm for three-dimensional material point method is presented. The contact algorithm faithfully recovers the opposite acting forces between colliding bodies. Collision procedures between ...A new multi-mesh contact algorithm for three-dimensional material point method is presented. The contact algorithm faithfully recovers the opposite acting forces between colliding bodies. Collision procedures between regular bodies and/or rigid bodies are treated within the same framework. Multi-value of momentum and mass are defined on every node to describe the contact/sliding/separation procedure. Both normal and tangential velocities of each particle at the contact surface are calculated in respective individual mesh. A Coulomb friction is applied to describe the sliding or slipping between the contacting bodies. The efficiency of the contact algorithm is linearly related to the number of the contacting bodies because the overlapped nodes are labeled by sweeping the material particles of all bodies when the nodal momentum and mass are formed at every time step. Numerical simulation shows that our contact algorithm possesses high accuracy and low numerical energy dissipation, which is very important for solving collision problems.展开更多
Abrasive waterjets （AWJs） can be used in extreme mining conditions for hard rock destruction, due to their ability to effectively cut difficult-to-machine materials with an absence of dust formation. They can also b...Abrasive waterjets （AWJs） can be used in extreme mining conditions for hard rock destruction, due to their ability to effectively cut difficult-to-machine materials with an absence of dust formation. They can also be used for explosion, intrinsic, and fire safety. Every destructible material can be considered as either ductile or brittle in terms of its fracture mechanics. Thus, there is a need for a method to predict the efficiency of cutting with AWJs that is highly accurate irrespective of material. This problem can be solved using the energy conservation approach, which states the proportionality between the material removal volume and the kinetic energy of AWJs. This paper describes a method based on this approach, along with recommendations on reaching the most effective level of destruction. Recommendations are provided regarding rational ranges of values for the relation of abrasive flow rate to water flow rate, standoff distance, and size of abrasive particles. I also provide a parameter to establish the threshold conditions for a material＇s destruction initiation based on the temporary-structural approach of fracture mechanics.展开更多
By applying a direct symmetry method, we get the symmetry of the asymmetric Nizhnik-Novikov-Veselov equation （ANNV）. Taking the special case, we have a finite-dimensional symmetry. By using the equivalent vector of ...By applying a direct symmetry method, we get the symmetry of the asymmetric Nizhnik-Novikov-Veselov equation （ANNV）. Taking the special case, we have a finite-dimensional symmetry. By using the equivalent vector of the symmetry, we construct an eight-dimensional symmetry algebra and get the optimal system of group-invariant solutions. To every case of the optimal system, we reduce the ANNV equation and obtain some solutions to the reduced equations. Furthermore, we find some new explicit solutions of the ANNV equation. At last, we give the conservation laws of the ANNV equation.展开更多
An efficient method for gravity field determination from CHAMP orbits and accelerometer data is referred to as the energy balance approach. A new CHAMP gravity field recovery strategy based on the improved energy bala...An efficient method for gravity field determination from CHAMP orbits and accelerometer data is referred to as the energy balance approach. A new CHAMP gravity field recovery strategy based on the improved energy balance approach IS developed in this paper. The method simultaneously solves the spherical harmonic coefficients, daily Integration constant, scale and bias parameters. Two 60 degree and order gravitational potential models, XISM-CHAMPO1S from the classical energy balance approach, and XISM-CHAMPO2S from the improved energy balance, are determined using about one year＇s worth of CHAMP kinematic orbits from TUM and accelerometer data from GFZ. Comparisons among XISM-CHAMPO1S, XISM-CHAMPO2S, EIGEN-CGO3C, EIGEN-CHAMPO3S, EIGEN2, ENIGNIS and EGM96 are made. The results show that the XISM-CHAMPO2S model is more accurate than EGM96, EIGENIS, EIGEN2 and XISM-CHAMPO1S at the same degree and order, and has almost the same accuracy as EIGEN-CHAMPO3S.展开更多
Objectives.To understand and grasp the diagnosis and treatment of chylothorax caused by various reasons. Method.The treatment results of 31 cases of chylothorax in PUMC hospital from 1963...Objectives.To understand and grasp the diagnosis and treatment of chylothorax caused by various reasons. Method.The treatment results of 31 cases of chylothorax in PUMC hospital from 1963～1997 were retrospectively analyzed. Results.Among 31 cases, 18 underwent surgery, 14 of 18 were cured, 2 died. In the 13 treated conservatively, 2 were cured, 3 died. Eleven cases were congenital, iatrogenic and traumatic chylothorax, 8 of them received surgical treatment and 6 of 8 were cured. The spontaneous chylothorax of unknown cause were 10 cases, 7 were treated by surgery and 6 were cured. Conclusion.Surgical intervention should be aggressively recommended for the traumatic, congenital, and iatrogenic chylothorax. The definite reason must be found out for the spontaneous chylothorax, corresponding management will be given according to the reason. Surgical ligation of the thoracic duct will contribute good result for the chylothorax of unknown cause, but combination of multiple treatment measures will be necessary for a successful management.d treatment of chylothorax caused by various reasons. [WT5”BX] Method.The treatment results of 31 cases of chylothorax in PUMC hospital from 1963～1997 were retrospectively analyzed. [WT5”BX] Results.Among 31 cases, 18 underwent surgery, 14 of 18 were cured, 2 died. In the 13 treated conservatively, 2 were cured, 3 died. Eleven cases were congenital, iatrogenic and traumatic chylothorax, 8 of them received surgical treatment and 6 of 8 were cured. The spontaneous chylothorax of unknown cause were 10 cases, 7 were treated by surgery and 6 were cured. [WT5”BX] Conclusion.Surgical intervention should be aggressively recommended for the traumatic, congenital, and iatrogenic chylothorax. The definite reason must be found out for the spontaneous chylothorax, corresponding management will be given according to the reason. Surgical ligation of the thoracic duct will contribute good result for the chylothorax of unknown cause, but combination of multiple treatment measures will be necessary for a successful management.展开更多
An improved algorithm for symbolic computations of polynomial-type conservation laws (PCLaws) of ageneral polynomial nonlinear system is presented.The algorithm is implemented in Maple and can be successfully usedfor ...An improved algorithm for symbolic computations of polynomial-type conservation laws (PCLaws) of ageneral polynomial nonlinear system is presented.The algorithm is implemented in Maple and can be successfully usedfor high-dimensional models.Furthermore,the algorithm discards the restriction to evolution equations.The programcan also be used to determine the preferences for a given parameterized nonlinear systems.The code is tested on severalknown nonlinear equations from the soliton theory.展开更多
This paper introduces an effective method for seeking local conservation laws of general partial differential equations （PDEs）. The well-known variational principle does not involve in this method. Alternatively, th...This paper introduces an effective method for seeking local conservation laws of general partial differential equations （PDEs）. The well-known variational principle does not involve in this method. Alternatively, the conservation laws can be derived from symmetries, which include t/he symmetries of t/he associated linearized equation of t/he PDEs, and the adjoint symmetries of the adjoint eqUation of the PDEs.展开更多
The symmetries and non-Noether conservation laws of Birkhoffian system with unilateral constraints are studied. The differential equations of motion of the system are established, and the criterions of Noether symmetr...The symmetries and non-Noether conservation laws of Birkhoffian system with unilateral constraints are studied. The differential equations of motion of the system are established, and the criterions of Noether symmetry, Lie symmetry and Mei symmetry of the system are given. Two types of new conservation laws, called the Hojman conservation law and the Mei conservation law respectively, are obtained, and the intrinsic relations among the symmetries and the new conservation laws are researched. At the end of the paper, an example is given to illustrate the application of the results.展开更多
Objective.Analysis of the cause of intrauterine death of one fetus of twin and to evaluate the outcome of conservative management of twin pregnancy with single fetal death. Method.A retrospective review was undertaken...Objective.Analysis of the cause of intrauterine death of one fetus of twin and to evaluate the outcome of conservative management of twin pregnancy with single fetal death. Method.A retrospective review was undertaken on PUMC hospital records of women who delivered twin between Jan. 1987 and Dec. 1998. Result.During the recent 12 years, 99 pregnant women were documented as twin pregnancies. Of the twin pregnancies during this period, 13 were complicated by a single intrauterine death. Four women suffered this complication during their first trimester. In the remain 9 cases one fetus died during second or third trimester. The cesarean section was given in three pregnant women soon after a single intrauterine death because of the survival fetal distress. No consumptive coagulopathy was apparent in all 13 pregnant women. It is wise that the pregnancy was managed conservatively, with regular coagulation parameters obtained. Conclusion.Our results support conservative management in twin pregnancies complicated by single fetal death.展开更多
In this paper, we introduce the notion of a （2＋1）-dimenslonal differential equation describing three-dimensional hyperbolic spaces （3-h.s.）. The （2＋1）-dimensional coupled nonlinear Schrodinger equation and its...In this paper, we introduce the notion of a （2＋1）-dimenslonal differential equation describing three-dimensional hyperbolic spaces （3-h.s.）. The （2＋1）-dimensional coupled nonlinear Schrodinger equation and its sister equation, the （2＋1）-dimensional coupled derivative nonlinear Schrodinger equation, are shown to describe 3-h.s, The （2 ＋ 1 ）-dimensional generalized HF model：St=（1/2i[S,Sy]＋2iσS）x,σx=-1/4i tr（SSxSy）, in which S ∈ GLc（2）/GLc（1）×GLc（1）,provides another example of （2＋1）-dimensional differential equations describing 3-h.s. As a direct con-sequence, the geometric construction of an infinire number of conservation lairs of such equations is illustrated. Furthermore we display a new infinite number of conservation lairs of the （2＋1）-dimensional nonlinear Schrodinger equation and the （2＋1）-dimensional derivative nonlinear Schrodinger equation by a geometric way.展开更多
In this paper, based on the discrete zero curvature representation, isospectrai and nonisospectrai lattice hierarchies are proposed. By means of solving corresponding discrete spectral equations, we demonstrate the ex...In this paper, based on the discrete zero curvature representation, isospectrai and nonisospectrai lattice hierarchies are proposed. By means of solving corresponding discrete spectral equations, we demonstrate the existence of infinitely many conservation laws for this two hierarchies and obtain the formulae of the corresponding conserved densities and associated fluxes.展开更多
文摘The combination of needling technique of Mind Regulation with Taoism Concentration is to promote the propagated sensation along the channels （PSC） and the needling sensation to the affected area in order to activate the potential regulation of human body. Prof. Yang Yun-kuan used this combination to treat some pain diseases, nervous system＇s diseases and intractable chronic diseases and got a better result than the general techniques, This is the introduction to the manipulation of this technique and its clinical application.
基金The project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province of China under Grant No. 2004zx16 tCorresponding author, E-maih zzlh100@163.com
文摘Using the modified find some new exact solutions to Lie point symmetry groups and also get conservation laws, of the CK＇s direct method, we build the relationship between new solutions and old ones and the （3＋1）-dimensional potentiaial-YTSF equation. Baaed on the invariant group theory, Lie symmetries of the （3＋1）-dimensional potential-YTSF equation are obtained. We equation with the given Lie symmetry.
基金The project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province of China under Grant No. 2004 zx 16
文摘Using the classical Lie method of infinitesimals, we first obtain the symmetry of the （2＋1）-dimensional Burgers-Korteweg-de-Vries （3D-BKdV） equation. Then we reduce the 3D-BKdV equation using the symmetry and give some exact solutions of the 3D-BKdV equation. When using the direct method, we restrict a condition and get a relationship between the new solutions and the old ones. Given a solution of the 3D-BKdV equation, we can get a new one from the relationship. The relationship between the symmetry obtained by using the classical Lie method and that obtained by using the direct method is also mentioned. At last, we give the conservation laws of the 3D-BKdV equation.
基金The project supported by the Science Foundation of Laboratory of Computational Physics,Science Foundation of China Academy of Engineering Physics,and National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.10702010,10775018,10472052,and 10604010
文摘A new multi-mesh contact algorithm for three-dimensional material point method is presented. The contact algorithm faithfully recovers the opposite acting forces between colliding bodies. Collision procedures between regular bodies and/or rigid bodies are treated within the same framework. Multi-value of momentum and mass are defined on every node to describe the contact/sliding/separation procedure. Both normal and tangential velocities of each particle at the contact surface are calculated in respective individual mesh. A Coulomb friction is applied to describe the sliding or slipping between the contacting bodies. The efficiency of the contact algorithm is linearly related to the number of the contacting bodies because the overlapped nodes are labeled by sweeping the material particles of all bodies when the nodal momentum and mass are formed at every time step. Numerical simulation shows that our contact algorithm possesses high accuracy and low numerical energy dissipation, which is very important for solving collision problems.
文摘Abrasive waterjets （AWJs） can be used in extreme mining conditions for hard rock destruction, due to their ability to effectively cut difficult-to-machine materials with an absence of dust formation. They can also be used for explosion, intrinsic, and fire safety. Every destructible material can be considered as either ductile or brittle in terms of its fracture mechanics. Thus, there is a need for a method to predict the efficiency of cutting with AWJs that is highly accurate irrespective of material. This problem can be solved using the energy conservation approach, which states the proportionality between the material removal volume and the kinetic energy of AWJs. This paper describes a method based on this approach, along with recommendations on reaching the most effective level of destruction. Recommendations are provided regarding rational ranges of values for the relation of abrasive flow rate to water flow rate, standoff distance, and size of abrasive particles. I also provide a parameter to establish the threshold conditions for a material＇s destruction initiation based on the temporary-structural approach of fracture mechanics.
基金The Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province of China under Grant No.Q2005A01
文摘By applying a direct symmetry method, we get the symmetry of the asymmetric Nizhnik-Novikov-Veselov equation （ANNV）. Taking the special case, we have a finite-dimensional symmetry. By using the equivalent vector of the symmetry, we construct an eight-dimensional symmetry algebra and get the optimal system of group-invariant solutions. To every case of the optimal system, we reduce the ANNV equation and obtain some solutions to the reduced equations. Furthermore, we find some new explicit solutions of the ANNV equation. At last, we give the conservation laws of the ANNV equation.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No.40604003, 40474001）. Acknowledgements： We are grateful to the ISDC of the GFZ Potsdam for providing the data and to Gerlach C. and Svehla D. at the TUM for the kinematic orbits.
文摘An efficient method for gravity field determination from CHAMP orbits and accelerometer data is referred to as the energy balance approach. A new CHAMP gravity field recovery strategy based on the improved energy balance approach IS developed in this paper. The method simultaneously solves the spherical harmonic coefficients, daily Integration constant, scale and bias parameters. Two 60 degree and order gravitational potential models, XISM-CHAMPO1S from the classical energy balance approach, and XISM-CHAMPO2S from the improved energy balance, are determined using about one year＇s worth of CHAMP kinematic orbits from TUM and accelerometer data from GFZ. Comparisons among XISM-CHAMPO1S, XISM-CHAMPO2S, EIGEN-CGO3C, EIGEN-CHAMPO3S, EIGEN2, ENIGNIS and EGM96 are made. The results show that the XISM-CHAMPO2S model is more accurate than EGM96, EIGENIS, EIGEN2 and XISM-CHAMPO1S at the same degree and order, and has almost the same accuracy as EIGEN-CHAMPO3S.
文摘Objectives.To understand and grasp the diagnosis and treatment of chylothorax caused by various reasons. Method.The treatment results of 31 cases of chylothorax in PUMC hospital from 1963～1997 were retrospectively analyzed. Results.Among 31 cases, 18 underwent surgery, 14 of 18 were cured, 2 died. In the 13 treated conservatively, 2 were cured, 3 died. Eleven cases were congenital, iatrogenic and traumatic chylothorax, 8 of them received surgical treatment and 6 of 8 were cured. The spontaneous chylothorax of unknown cause were 10 cases, 7 were treated by surgery and 6 were cured. Conclusion.Surgical intervention should be aggressively recommended for the traumatic, congenital, and iatrogenic chylothorax. The definite reason must be found out for the spontaneous chylothorax, corresponding management will be given according to the reason. Surgical ligation of the thoracic duct will contribute good result for the chylothorax of unknown cause, but combination of multiple treatment measures will be necessary for a successful management.d treatment of chylothorax caused by various reasons. [WT5”BX] Method.The treatment results of 31 cases of chylothorax in PUMC hospital from 1963～1997 were retrospectively analyzed. [WT5”BX] Results.Among 31 cases, 18 underwent surgery, 14 of 18 were cured, 2 died. In the 13 treated conservatively, 2 were cured, 3 died. Eleven cases were congenital, iatrogenic and traumatic chylothorax, 8 of them received surgical treatment and 6 of 8 were cured. The spontaneous chylothorax of unknown cause were 10 cases, 7 were treated by surgery and 6 were cured. [WT5”BX] Conclusion.Surgical intervention should be aggressively recommended for the traumatic, congenital, and iatrogenic chylothorax. The definite reason must be found out for the spontaneous chylothorax, corresponding management will be given according to the reason. Surgical ligation of the thoracic duct will contribute good result for the chylothorax of unknown cause, but combination of multiple treatment measures will be necessary for a successful management.
基金the Scientific Fund of Education Department of Zhejiang Province of China under Grant No.20070979the National Natural Science Foundations of China under Grant Nos.10675065,90503006,and 10735030+1 种基金the State Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) under Grant No.2007CB814800the K.C.Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University
文摘An improved algorithm for symbolic computations of polynomial-type conservation laws (PCLaws) of ageneral polynomial nonlinear system is presented.The algorithm is implemented in Maple and can be successfully usedfor high-dimensional models.Furthermore,the algorithm discards the restriction to evolution equations.The programcan also be used to determine the preferences for a given parameterized nonlinear systems.The code is tested on severalknown nonlinear equations from the soliton theory.
基金The project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 10272021 and 10572021
文摘This paper introduces an effective method for seeking local conservation laws of general partial differential equations （PDEs）. The well-known variational principle does not involve in this method. Alternatively, the conservation laws can be derived from symmetries, which include t/he symmetries of t/he associated linearized equation of t/he PDEs, and the adjoint symmetries of the adjoint eqUation of the PDEs.
基金The project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of High Education of Jiangsu Province of China under Grant No. 04KJA130135 and the ＂Qing Lan＂ Project Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China
文摘The symmetries and non-Noether conservation laws of Birkhoffian system with unilateral constraints are studied. The differential equations of motion of the system are established, and the criterions of Noether symmetry, Lie symmetry and Mei symmetry of the system are given. Two types of new conservation laws, called the Hojman conservation law and the Mei conservation law respectively, are obtained, and the intrinsic relations among the symmetries and the new conservation laws are researched. At the end of the paper, an example is given to illustrate the application of the results.
文摘Objective.Analysis of the cause of intrauterine death of one fetus of twin and to evaluate the outcome of conservative management of twin pregnancy with single fetal death. Method.A retrospective review was undertaken on PUMC hospital records of women who delivered twin between Jan. 1987 and Dec. 1998. Result.During the recent 12 years, 99 pregnant women were documented as twin pregnancies. Of the twin pregnancies during this period, 13 were complicated by a single intrauterine death. Four women suffered this complication during their first trimester. In the remain 9 cases one fetus died during second or third trimester. The cesarean section was given in three pregnant women soon after a single intrauterine death because of the survival fetal distress. No consumptive coagulopathy was apparent in all 13 pregnant women. It is wise that the pregnancy was managed conservatively, with regular coagulation parameters obtained. Conclusion.Our results support conservative management in twin pregnancies complicated by single fetal death.
基金The project partially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘In this paper, we introduce the notion of a （2＋1）-dimenslonal differential equation describing three-dimensional hyperbolic spaces （3-h.s.）. The （2＋1）-dimensional coupled nonlinear Schrodinger equation and its sister equation, the （2＋1）-dimensional coupled derivative nonlinear Schrodinger equation, are shown to describe 3-h.s, The （2 ＋ 1 ）-dimensional generalized HF model：St=（1/2i[S,Sy]＋2iσS）x,σx=-1/4i tr（SSxSy）, in which S ∈ GLc（2）/GLc（1）×GLc（1）,provides another example of （2＋1）-dimensional differential equations describing 3-h.s. As a direct con-sequence, the geometric construction of an infinire number of conservation lairs of such equations is illustrated. Furthermore we display a new infinite number of conservation lairs of the （2＋1）-dimensional nonlinear Schrodinger equation and the （2＋1）-dimensional derivative nonlinear Schrodinger equation by a geometric way.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai under Grant No.09ZR1412800the Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission under Grant No.10ZZ131
文摘In this paper, based on the discrete zero curvature representation, isospectrai and nonisospectrai lattice hierarchies are proposed. By means of solving corresponding discrete spectral equations, we demonstrate the existence of infinitely many conservation laws for this two hierarchies and obtain the formulae of the corresponding conserved densities and associated fluxes.
