The DPSIR assessment method, which implies the relationships among driving force （D）, pressure （P）, status （S）, impact （I）, and response （R）, is widely applied by scholars. This paper aims to establish a com...The DPSIR assessment method, which implies the relationships among driving force （D）, pressure （P）, status （S）, impact （I）, and response （R）, is widely applied by scholars. This paper aims to establish a comprehensive assessment system for regional energy security in eastern coastal China based on the above model using different indicators. Factor analysis and the SPSS statistical analysis software were used to carry out scientific and quantitative assessments. The results indicated that con- tradictions of energy supply and demand as well as environmental pollution are the critical factors that present great challenges to regional energy security in this area. The authors argued that a sustainable, stable, and safe supply energy supply is crucial in solving the aforesaid dilemma, and improving the energy use efficiency is one of the best choices. Some countermeasures and suggestions regarding regional energy supply stability and utilization security were pointed out.展开更多
Based on data collected during the first U.S. Department of Energy （DOE） Atmospheric Radiation Measurement （ARM） field campaigns at Shouxian, east- ern China in 2008, the effects of clouds and aerosols on the surf...Based on data collected during the first U.S. Department of Energy （DOE） Atmospheric Radiation Measurement （ARM） field campaigns at Shouxian, east- ern China in 2008, the effects of clouds and aerosols on the surface radiation budget during the period Octo- ber-December 2008 were studied. The results revealed that the largest longwave （LW）, shortwave （SW）, and net Aerosol Radiative Effects （AREs） are 12.7, -37.6, and -24.9 W rn-2, indicating that aerosols have LW warming impact, a strong SW cooling effect, and a net cooling ef- fect on the surface radiation budget at Shouxian during the study period 15 October-15 December 2008. The SW cloud radiative forcing （CRF） is -135.1 W m-2, much cooler than ARE （about 3.6 times）, however, the LW CRF is 43.6 W m 2, much warmer than ARE, and resulting in a net CRF of-91.5 W m-2, about 3.7 times of net ARE. These results suggest that the clouds have much stronger LW warming effect and SW cooling effect on the surface radiation budget than AREs. The net surface radiation budget is dominated by SW cooling effect for both ARE and CRE. Furthermore, the precipitatable clouds （PCs） have the largest SW cooling effect and LW warming ef- fect, while optically thin high clouds have the smallest cooling effect and LW warming on the surface radiation budget. Comparing the two selected caseds, CloudSat cloud radar reflectivity agrees very well with the AMF （ARM Mobile Facility） WACR （W-band ARM Cloud Radar） measurements, particularly for cirrus cloud case. These result will provide a ground truth to validate the model simulations in the future.展开更多
The world today is .faced with the critical challenge of developing industries .for both high technological efficiency and possibly less impact on resources and the environment. This paper employs the Slacks-based mea...The world today is .faced with the critical challenge of developing industries .for both high technological efficiency and possibly less impact on resources and the environment. This paper employs the Slacks-based measure （SBM） to conduct an empirical analysis of China＇s industrial environmental efficiency between 1998 and 2008. We.found a slight decline in SBM nationwide due to the combined effects of resource^environmental constraint as well as technological progress. From a static perspective, there is a clear disparity in coordination among regions, particularly between western regions and eastern coastal regions. From a dynamic perspective, there is limited change in the coordination of industries with natural resources and the environment in coastal and central regions, but a marked decline in the northeast and western regions. This contrast can be traced to the .following reasons： the capital-intensive structure of the economy and the high proportion of large industrial enterprises that restrict the improvement of SBM environmental efficiency. Higher living standards, indigenous innovation, acquisition of new technologies, and foreign direct investment will be conducive to industries＇synchronous development with natural resources and the environment.展开更多
CSP （concentrating solar power） is a commercially available renewable energy technology capable of harnessing the immense solar resource in southern Europe, the MENA region （Middle East and North Africa）, and else...CSP （concentrating solar power） is a commercially available renewable energy technology capable of harnessing the immense solar resource in southern Europe, the MENA region （Middle East and North Africa）, and elsewhere. This paper summarises the findings of a study by the European Academies Science Advisory Council which has examined the current status and development challenges of CSP, and consequently has evaluated the potential contribution of CSP in Europe and the MENA region to 2050. It identifies the actions that will be required by scientists, engineers, policy makers, politicians, business and investors alike, to enable this vast solar resource to make a major contribution to establishing a sustainable energy system. The study concludes that cost reductions of 50%-60% in CSP electricity may reasonably be expected in the next 10-15 years, enabling the technology to be cost competitive with fossil-fired power generation at some point between 2020 and 2030. Incorporation of storage delivers added value in enabling CSP to deliver dispatchable power. Incentive schemes will be needed in Europe and MENA countries to enable this point to be achieved. Such schemes should reflect the true value of electricity to the grid, effectively drive research and development, and ensure transparency of performance and cost data.展开更多
基金Supported by the State Nature Science Foundation （40771085） the National Science ＆ Technology Support Program （2006BZC 18B01-05）
文摘The DPSIR assessment method, which implies the relationships among driving force （D）, pressure （P）, status （S）, impact （I）, and response （R）, is widely applied by scholars. This paper aims to establish a comprehensive assessment system for regional energy security in eastern coastal China based on the above model using different indicators. Factor analysis and the SPSS statistical analysis software were used to carry out scientific and quantitative assessments. The results indicated that con- tradictions of energy supply and demand as well as environmental pollution are the critical factors that present great challenges to regional energy security in this area. The authors argued that a sustainable, stable, and safe supply energy supply is crucial in solving the aforesaid dilemma, and improving the energy use efficiency is one of the best choices. Some countermeasures and suggestions regarding regional energy supply stability and utilization security were pointed out.
基金sponsored by the U.S. DOE Office of Energy Research,Office of Health and Environmental Research,Environmental Sciences Divisionthe support of DOE Atmospheric System Research(ASR) project with award number DE-SC0008468 at University of North Dakota+3 种基金funded by the Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster of Ministry of Education (KLME)(KLME1206)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41275043 and 41175035)a Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD)the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program,2013CB955800) at Beijing Normal University
文摘Based on data collected during the first U.S. Department of Energy （DOE） Atmospheric Radiation Measurement （ARM） field campaigns at Shouxian, east- ern China in 2008, the effects of clouds and aerosols on the surface radiation budget during the period Octo- ber-December 2008 were studied. The results revealed that the largest longwave （LW）, shortwave （SW）, and net Aerosol Radiative Effects （AREs） are 12.7, -37.6, and -24.9 W rn-2, indicating that aerosols have LW warming impact, a strong SW cooling effect, and a net cooling ef- fect on the surface radiation budget at Shouxian during the study period 15 October-15 December 2008. The SW cloud radiative forcing （CRF） is -135.1 W m-2, much cooler than ARE （about 3.6 times）, however, the LW CRF is 43.6 W m 2, much warmer than ARE, and resulting in a net CRF of-91.5 W m-2, about 3.7 times of net ARE. These results suggest that the clouds have much stronger LW warming effect and SW cooling effect on the surface radiation budget than AREs. The net surface radiation budget is dominated by SW cooling effect for both ARE and CRE. Furthermore, the precipitatable clouds （PCs） have the largest SW cooling effect and LW warming ef- fect, while optically thin high clouds have the smallest cooling effect and LW warming on the surface radiation budget. Comparing the two selected caseds, CloudSat cloud radar reflectivity agrees very well with the AMF （ARM Mobile Facility） WACR （W-band ARM Cloud Radar） measurements, particularly for cirrus cloud case. These result will provide a ground truth to validate the model simulations in the future.
文摘The world today is .faced with the critical challenge of developing industries .for both high technological efficiency and possibly less impact on resources and the environment. This paper employs the Slacks-based measure （SBM） to conduct an empirical analysis of China＇s industrial environmental efficiency between 1998 and 2008. We.found a slight decline in SBM nationwide due to the combined effects of resource^environmental constraint as well as technological progress. From a static perspective, there is a clear disparity in coordination among regions, particularly between western regions and eastern coastal regions. From a dynamic perspective, there is limited change in the coordination of industries with natural resources and the environment in coastal and central regions, but a marked decline in the northeast and western regions. This contrast can be traced to the .following reasons： the capital-intensive structure of the economy and the high proportion of large industrial enterprises that restrict the improvement of SBM environmental efficiency. Higher living standards, indigenous innovation, acquisition of new technologies, and foreign direct investment will be conducive to industries＇synchronous development with natural resources and the environment.
文摘CSP （concentrating solar power） is a commercially available renewable energy technology capable of harnessing the immense solar resource in southern Europe, the MENA region （Middle East and North Africa）, and elsewhere. This paper summarises the findings of a study by the European Academies Science Advisory Council which has examined the current status and development challenges of CSP, and consequently has evaluated the potential contribution of CSP in Europe and the MENA region to 2050. It identifies the actions that will be required by scientists, engineers, policy makers, politicians, business and investors alike, to enable this vast solar resource to make a major contribution to establishing a sustainable energy system. The study concludes that cost reductions of 50%-60% in CSP electricity may reasonably be expected in the next 10-15 years, enabling the technology to be cost competitive with fossil-fired power generation at some point between 2020 and 2030. Incorporation of storage delivers added value in enabling CSP to deliver dispatchable power. Incentive schemes will be needed in Europe and MENA countries to enable this point to be achieved. Such schemes should reflect the true value of electricity to the grid, effectively drive research and development, and ensure transparency of performance and cost data.
