Nitrogen mineralization potentials of 15 soil samples were studied by the methods of soil asrobic incuba-tion, and the correlation between the potentials and the amounts of nitrogen taken up by rye grass (Lolium.multi...Nitrogen mineralization potentials of 15 soil samples were studied by the methods of soil asrobic incuba-tion, and the correlation between the potentials and the amounts of nitrogen taken up by rye grass (Lolium.multifiorum Lam.) in pot culture was calculated. The soils were collected from Hubei Province in Cen-tral China. Soil nitrogen mineralization potentials (N_O) were calculated and optimized by a quick-BASICprogram. N_O ranged from 60 mg kg￣(-1) to 340 mg kg￣(-1), which accounted for 9.1% to 34.6% of the totalnitrogen content. Among the examined soils, yellow-brown soil collected from Wuhan had the largest N_Oand brown-red soil from Xianning had the smallest one. The mineralization rate constants (k) ranged from0.00556 d￣(-1) to 0.01280 d￣(-1) , in average 0.00882 d￣(-1) . Chao soil from Wuhan had the greatest k while yellow-cinnamon soil from Zhaoyang had the smallest one. There were apparent differences between mineralizationparameters (N_O and k) optimized and non-optimized ones. Optimized N_O had a better correlation thannon-optimized N_O with the amount of nitrogen accumulated in the aerial parts of rye grass. N_O , N_O × k andN_t(accumulated mineralized nitrogen within time t) could be used as indexes of soil nitrogen supply. Amongthem N_t was the best, which was significantly correlated with the amounts of nitrogen accumulated in theaerial parts of rye grass harvested at three different times.展开更多
To explore the impact of environmental variables on macroalgal communities, their temporal and spatial distributions were examined along the Yantai coast, China between April 2010 and March 2011. Macroalgae sampling w...To explore the impact of environmental variables on macroalgal communities, their temporal and spatial distributions were examined along the Yantai coast, China between April 2010 and March 2011. Macroalgae sampling was conducted monthly at four sites along the coast: Jiahe River estuary, Zhifu Island, Fisherman's Wharf, and Yangma Island. The species composition and abundance, and their relationship with environmental variables were assessed. Along the Yantai coast, 35 macroalgae species were identifi ed, including 24 Rhodophyta spp., 7 Chlorophyta, and 4 Phaeophyta spp. Highest species numbers were recorded in the summer at all sampling sites, except in the Jiahe River estuary. Macroalgae biomass was the greatest in the summer. Year-round, the highest species number and dry biomass recorded at Fisherman's Wharf and Yangma Island was attributed to the substrate type. In summer, Ulva pertusa Kjellman was the dominant species identifi ed along the Yantai coast, which indicates a risk of macroalgae blooms. Our results show that seawater temperature and nutrients appear to signifi cantly affect the temporal and spatial patterns of macroalgal abundance along the Yantai coast. The effects of environmental variables on the macroalgae on the Yantai coast need further study.展开更多
Cultivated land transition and its driving mechanism are the hotspots among studies on land use change. In this study, we constructed a framework to study the driving mechanism of cultivated land transition from the q...Cultivated land transition and its driving mechanism are the hotspots among studies on land use change. In this study, we constructed a framework to study the driving mechanism of cultivated land transition from the quantitative perspective. Based on the vector data of land use in 1990, 2000 and 2009 of Yantai Proper, Shandong Province China, 11 explanatory variables were chosen from two aspects: the elevation, slope, cost distance to major water area and cost distance to minor water area, which presented physical factors; cost distance to district center, cost distance to town center, cost distance to city expansion center, cost distance to major roads, cost distance to city roads, cost distance to county roads and cost distance to rural roads, which presented the socio-economic factors. Combined with spatial analysis tools and Logistic regression analysis model, we construct Logistic regression analyses with four objectives that were urban construction land, rural residential land, orchard and other lands. The results show that, cost distance to district center, cost distance to town center, cost distance to city expansion center and cost distance to city roads are the significant explanatory variables for the transition of cultivated land into urban construction land. The main explained factors on the transition of cultivated land into rural residential land are slope, cost distance to town center, cost distance to county roads and cost distance to rural roads. Slope, cost distance to minor water area, cost distance to town center, cost distance to county roads and cost distance to rural roads are the significant explanatory variables for the transition of cultivated land into orchard land. Elevation, slope, cost distance to major water area and cost distance to minor water area are the main explanatory variables on the transition of cultivated land into other land uses.展开更多
In recent years, due to the neglect of the sodal authenticity of historic blocks, a large number of residential historic blocks ate protected and reformed by means of commercial development, which is controversial. Ot...In recent years, due to the neglect of the sodal authenticity of historic blocks, a large number of residential historic blocks ate protected and reformed by means of commercial development, which is controversial. Other unreconstructed residential neighborhoods ate faced with the rngent need to improve their living conditions. Based on the current analysis of the status of protection of residential historic blocks in Qiina, a protection and renewal mode of self-organization was proposed in this paper for the Si Street and Xinanying in Nantong Qty in response to the problems facing them. Combined with the cases of protection and renewal of histone blocks on botii sides of Taiwan Strait, opinions and suggestions were put forward for Si Street and Xinanying in order to better guide die implementation of the protection of tiiese historic blocks, effectively improve tiie living conditions of the residents and make the neighborhoods protected in a true, complete and long-term manner.展开更多
Taiwan Bangzi Opera is a branch of Henan Bangzi Opera in Henan, which was transmitted from China to Taiwan within the armies under a political and historical circumstance around 1947. As the trend of localisation in t...Taiwan Bangzi Opera is a branch of Henan Bangzi Opera in Henan, which was transmitted from China to Taiwan within the armies under a political and historical circumstance around 1947. As the trend of localisation in these ten years becomes obvious, several localised performances are created; however, the composers in China do not understand the music culture in Taiwan, so some interesting phenomenon can be found between an imaginary Taiwan from their viewpoints and the real culture in Taiwan. The Sorceress Bride is a performance which adapted so-called the aboriginal tune in 2012, and it arises several issues for further discussion.展开更多
In this study,the authors introduce a new bogus data assimilation method based on the dimension-reduced projection 4-DVar,which can resolve the cost function directly in low-dimensional space.The authors also try a ne...In this study,the authors introduce a new bogus data assimilation method based on the dimension-reduced projection 4-DVar,which can resolve the cost function directly in low-dimensional space.The authors also try a new method to improve the quality of samples,which are the base of dimension-reduced space projection bogus data assimilation (DRP-BDA).By running a number of numerical weather models with different model parameterization combinations on the typhoon Sinlaku,the authors obtained two groups of samples with different spreads and similarities.After DRP-BDA,the results show that,compared with the control runs,the simulated typhoon center pressure can be deepened by more than 20 hPa to 30 hPa and that the intensity can last as long as 60 hours.The mean track error is improved after DRP-BDA,and the structure of the typhoon is also improved.The wind near the typhoon center is enhanced dramatically,while the warm core is moderate.展开更多
AIM： To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility of a new ELISA （URINELISA） test for detecting Helicobacter pylori （H pylorl） antibody in the urine of Taiwan Residents population. METHODS： In this p...AIM： To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility of a new ELISA （URINELISA） test for detecting Helicobacter pylori （H pylorl） antibody in the urine of Taiwan Residents population. METHODS： In this prospective study, 317 consecutive dyspeptic patients （171 men, 146 women; mean age, 51.0 years） were included. They underwent gastroendoscopy for evaluation. Invasive tests, including culture, histology, and rapid urease test （RUT）, and non-invasive ^13C-urea breath test were preformed. At the same time, urine specimens were collected for URINELISA. The status of H pylori infection was considered as positive when either culture was positive, or when two of the other, RUT, histology or 13C-UBT, were positive. RESULTS： The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of URINELISA are 91.7% （211/230）, 90.8% （79/87）, 96.3% （211/219）, and 80.6% （79/98） respectively. CONCLUSION： This URINELISA test is reliable, inexpensive and easy-to-use. The high diagnostic accuracy warrants the use of URINELISA as a first-line screening tool for diagnosis of Hpyloriinfection in untreated patients.展开更多
The self-organizing map method is applied to satellite-derived sea-level anomaly fields of1993-2012 to study variations of the Kuroshio intrusion northeast of Taiwan Island.Four major features are revealed,showing sig...The self-organizing map method is applied to satellite-derived sea-level anomaly fields of1993-2012 to study variations of the Kuroshio intrusion northeast of Taiwan Island.Four major features are revealed,showing significant seasonal variability of the intrusion.In general,the intrusion increases(decreases) with a high(low) sea-level anomaly at the edge of the East China Sea shelf in winter(summer).Open-ocean mesoscale eddies play an additional role in modulating the seasonal variation of the intrusion.Further analyses are needed to study eddy-Kuroshio interaction dynamics.展开更多
The dynamics of high-altitude inland lakes in the Tibetan Plateau are sensitive indicators of climate change. Due to the remoteness and hard access, satellite altimetry becomes an effective approach to obtaining large...The dynamics of high-altitude inland lakes in the Tibetan Plateau are sensitive indicators of climate change. Due to the remoteness and hard access, satellite altimetry becomes an effective approach to obtaining largescale and temporally continuous information of lake-level changes. The CryoSat-2 altimetry is expected to solve the current problem that earlier radar altimeters are only practical for monitoring large water bodies, while ICESat laser altimetry is available only for the period 2003-2009. In this study, the comparison of CryoSat-2 altimetry for Namco with in situ water-level data suggests a high cor- relation coefficient of 0.71 （P 〈 0.01）, with the mean error of -0.12 m and root-mean-square error of 0.18 m. Further, the combination of ICESat and CryoSat-2 altimetry data and in situ lake-level observations reveals a rapid water- level rise of 0.24 4- 0.04 m/year during 2003-2008 and then a slightly decreasing trend of -0.09 4- 0.04 m/year during 2009-2013. This study suggests that the CryoSat-2 altimetry has the potential of sustaining the fine observa- tions on Tibetan lakes, following the ICESat mission. Besides, the examination of four key climatic variables （temperature, precipitation, potential evapotranspiration, and relative humidity） during 1990-2013 indicates that the wetting climate over Namco Basin stagnated or even reversed around 2006, which may be tightly related to the slowing lake growth.展开更多
文摘Nitrogen mineralization potentials of 15 soil samples were studied by the methods of soil asrobic incuba-tion, and the correlation between the potentials and the amounts of nitrogen taken up by rye grass (Lolium.multifiorum Lam.) in pot culture was calculated. The soils were collected from Hubei Province in Cen-tral China. Soil nitrogen mineralization potentials (N_O) were calculated and optimized by a quick-BASICprogram. N_O ranged from 60 mg kg￣(-1) to 340 mg kg￣(-1), which accounted for 9.1% to 34.6% of the totalnitrogen content. Among the examined soils, yellow-brown soil collected from Wuhan had the largest N_Oand brown-red soil from Xianning had the smallest one. The mineralization rate constants (k) ranged from0.00556 d￣(-1) to 0.01280 d￣(-1) , in average 0.00882 d￣(-1) . Chao soil from Wuhan had the greatest k while yellow-cinnamon soil from Zhaoyang had the smallest one. There were apparent differences between mineralizationparameters (N_O and k) optimized and non-optimized ones. Optimized N_O had a better correlation thannon-optimized N_O with the amount of nitrogen accumulated in the aerial parts of rye grass. N_O , N_O × k andN_t(accumulated mineralized nitrogen within time t) could be used as indexes of soil nitrogen supply. Amongthem N_t was the best, which was significantly correlated with the amounts of nitrogen accumulated in theaerial parts of rye grass harvested at three different times.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41106099)the Yantai Science and Technology Bureau(No.2011061)+2 种基金CAS Scientific Project of Innovation and Interdisciplinarythe Key Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.KZZD-EW-14)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2009EQ006)
文摘To explore the impact of environmental variables on macroalgal communities, their temporal and spatial distributions were examined along the Yantai coast, China between April 2010 and March 2011. Macroalgae sampling was conducted monthly at four sites along the coast: Jiahe River estuary, Zhifu Island, Fisherman's Wharf, and Yangma Island. The species composition and abundance, and their relationship with environmental variables were assessed. Along the Yantai coast, 35 macroalgae species were identifi ed, including 24 Rhodophyta spp., 7 Chlorophyta, and 4 Phaeophyta spp. Highest species numbers were recorded in the summer at all sampling sites, except in the Jiahe River estuary. Macroalgae biomass was the greatest in the summer. Year-round, the highest species number and dry biomass recorded at Fisherman's Wharf and Yangma Island was attributed to the substrate type. In summer, Ulva pertusa Kjellman was the dominant species identifi ed along the Yantai coast, which indicates a risk of macroalgae blooms. Our results show that seawater temperature and nutrients appear to signifi cantly affect the temporal and spatial patterns of macroalgal abundance along the Yantai coast. The effects of environmental variables on the macroalgae on the Yantai coast need further study.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41130748)
文摘Cultivated land transition and its driving mechanism are the hotspots among studies on land use change. In this study, we constructed a framework to study the driving mechanism of cultivated land transition from the quantitative perspective. Based on the vector data of land use in 1990, 2000 and 2009 of Yantai Proper, Shandong Province China, 11 explanatory variables were chosen from two aspects: the elevation, slope, cost distance to major water area and cost distance to minor water area, which presented physical factors; cost distance to district center, cost distance to town center, cost distance to city expansion center, cost distance to major roads, cost distance to city roads, cost distance to county roads and cost distance to rural roads, which presented the socio-economic factors. Combined with spatial analysis tools and Logistic regression analysis model, we construct Logistic regression analyses with four objectives that were urban construction land, rural residential land, orchard and other lands. The results show that, cost distance to district center, cost distance to town center, cost distance to city expansion center and cost distance to city roads are the significant explanatory variables for the transition of cultivated land into urban construction land. The main explained factors on the transition of cultivated land into rural residential land are slope, cost distance to town center, cost distance to county roads and cost distance to rural roads. Slope, cost distance to minor water area, cost distance to town center, cost distance to county roads and cost distance to rural roads are the significant explanatory variables for the transition of cultivated land into orchard land. Elevation, slope, cost distance to major water area and cost distance to minor water area are the main explanatory variables on the transition of cultivated land into other land uses.
文摘In recent years, due to the neglect of the sodal authenticity of historic blocks, a large number of residential historic blocks ate protected and reformed by means of commercial development, which is controversial. Other unreconstructed residential neighborhoods ate faced with the rngent need to improve their living conditions. Based on the current analysis of the status of protection of residential historic blocks in Qiina, a protection and renewal mode of self-organization was proposed in this paper for the Si Street and Xinanying in Nantong Qty in response to the problems facing them. Combined with the cases of protection and renewal of histone blocks on botii sides of Taiwan Strait, opinions and suggestions were put forward for Si Street and Xinanying in order to better guide die implementation of the protection of tiiese historic blocks, effectively improve tiie living conditions of the residents and make the neighborhoods protected in a true, complete and long-term manner.
文摘Taiwan Bangzi Opera is a branch of Henan Bangzi Opera in Henan, which was transmitted from China to Taiwan within the armies under a political and historical circumstance around 1947. As the trend of localisation in these ten years becomes obvious, several localised performances are created; however, the composers in China do not understand the music culture in Taiwan, so some interesting phenomenon can be found between an imaginary Taiwan from their viewpoints and the real culture in Taiwan. The Sorceress Bride is a performance which adapted so-called the aboriginal tune in 2012, and it arises several issues for further discussion.
基金the Ministry of Finance of China and the China Meteorological Administration for the Special Project of Meteorological Sector (Grant No. GYHY(QX)200906009)the National Natural Science Foundation of China for the innovation group project (Grant No.40821092)
文摘In this study,the authors introduce a new bogus data assimilation method based on the dimension-reduced projection 4-DVar,which can resolve the cost function directly in low-dimensional space.The authors also try a new method to improve the quality of samples,which are the base of dimension-reduced space projection bogus data assimilation (DRP-BDA).By running a number of numerical weather models with different model parameterization combinations on the typhoon Sinlaku,the authors obtained two groups of samples with different spreads and similarities.After DRP-BDA,the results show that,compared with the control runs,the simulated typhoon center pressure can be deepened by more than 20 hPa to 30 hPa and that the intensity can last as long as 60 hours.The mean track error is improved after DRP-BDA,and the structure of the typhoon is also improved.The wind near the typhoon center is enhanced dramatically,while the warm core is moderate.
基金Supported by the grants from the National Science Council of the Taiwan, No. NSC91-2315-B-037-003
文摘AIM： To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility of a new ELISA （URINELISA） test for detecting Helicobacter pylori （H pylorl） antibody in the urine of Taiwan Residents population. METHODS： In this prospective study, 317 consecutive dyspeptic patients （171 men, 146 women; mean age, 51.0 years） were included. They underwent gastroendoscopy for evaluation. Invasive tests, including culture, histology, and rapid urease test （RUT）, and non-invasive ^13C-urea breath test were preformed. At the same time, urine specimens were collected for URINELISA. The status of H pylori infection was considered as positive when either culture was positive, or when two of the other, RUT, histology or 13C-UBT, were positive. RESULTS： The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of URINELISA are 91.7% （211/230）, 90.8% （79/87）, 96.3% （211/219）, and 80.6% （79/98） respectively. CONCLUSION： This URINELISA test is reliable, inexpensive and easy-to-use. The high diagnostic accuracy warrants the use of URINELISA as a first-line screening tool for diagnosis of Hpyloriinfection in untreated patients.
基金Supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA11010103)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41222037,41221063)+4 种基金the Project of Global Change and Air-Sea Interaction(No.GASI-03-01-01-02)the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(No.2013CB956202)the 111 Project of Ministry of Education of China(No.B07036)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong(No.JQ201111)the National Special Research Fund for Non-Profit Marine Sector(No.201205018)
文摘The self-organizing map method is applied to satellite-derived sea-level anomaly fields of1993-2012 to study variations of the Kuroshio intrusion northeast of Taiwan Island.Four major features are revealed,showing significant seasonal variability of the intrusion.In general,the intrusion increases(decreases) with a high(low) sea-level anomaly at the edge of the East China Sea shelf in winter(summer).Open-ocean mesoscale eddies play an additional role in modulating the seasonal variation of the intrusion.Further analyses are needed to study eddy-Kuroshio interaction dynamics.
基金supported by the National Special Basic Research Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology(2013FY111400-2,2009CB723901)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41120114001,41125003,41071254,40971048)+3 种基金the European Space Agency(ESA AO 2605)the Knowledge Innovation Foundation Program for outstanding Young Scholar of Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)(KZCX2-EWQN104)supported by Open Research Fund of Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environmental Changes and Land Surface Processes in Chinese Academy of SciencesOpen Fund of State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science
文摘The dynamics of high-altitude inland lakes in the Tibetan Plateau are sensitive indicators of climate change. Due to the remoteness and hard access, satellite altimetry becomes an effective approach to obtaining largescale and temporally continuous information of lake-level changes. The CryoSat-2 altimetry is expected to solve the current problem that earlier radar altimeters are only practical for monitoring large water bodies, while ICESat laser altimetry is available only for the period 2003-2009. In this study, the comparison of CryoSat-2 altimetry for Namco with in situ water-level data suggests a high cor- relation coefficient of 0.71 （P 〈 0.01）, with the mean error of -0.12 m and root-mean-square error of 0.18 m. Further, the combination of ICESat and CryoSat-2 altimetry data and in situ lake-level observations reveals a rapid water- level rise of 0.24 4- 0.04 m/year during 2003-2008 and then a slightly decreasing trend of -0.09 4- 0.04 m/year during 2009-2013. This study suggests that the CryoSat-2 altimetry has the potential of sustaining the fine observa- tions on Tibetan lakes, following the ICESat mission. Besides, the examination of four key climatic variables （temperature, precipitation, potential evapotranspiration, and relative humidity） during 1990-2013 indicates that the wetting climate over Namco Basin stagnated or even reversed around 2006, which may be tightly related to the slowing lake growth.
