Carbon dioxide emissions have increased due to the consumption of fossil fuels,making the neutralization and utilization of CO_(2) a pressing issue.As a clean and efficient energy conversion process,electrocatalytic r...Carbon dioxide emissions have increased due to the consumption of fossil fuels,making the neutralization and utilization of CO_(2) a pressing issue.As a clean and efficient energy conversion process,electrocatalytic reduction can reduce carbon dioxide into a series of alcohols and acidic organic molecules,which can effectively realize the utilization and transformation of carbon dioxide.This review focuses on the tuning strategies and structure effects of catalysts for the electrocatalytic CO_(2) reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR).The tuning strategies for the active sites of catalysts have been reviewed from intrinsic and external perspectives.The structure effects for the CO_(2)RR catalysts have also been discussed,such as tandem catalysis,synergistic effects and confinement catalysis.We expect that this review about tuning strategies and structure effects can provide guidance for designing highly efficient CO_(2)RR electrocatalysts.展开更多
Soccer is a complex system.Therefore,appropriate(nontrivial) models have to be applied to be able to analyze the behavior of the teams on the pitch.This study analyzed the World Cup Final 2006 between France and Italy...Soccer is a complex system.Therefore,appropriate(nontrivial) models have to be applied to be able to analyze the behavior of the teams on the pitch.This study analyzed the World Cup Final 2006 between France and Italy by means of relative phase.Mean longitudinal and lateral positions of all 20 outfield players were used to calculate relative phase by Hilbert transformation.Whole team-,group-,and attacker-fullbacks couplings showed that soccer is clearly an in-phase game.Perturbations of the relative phase structure helped to identify scoring opportunities of the attacking team.Moreover,analyses of the relative phase structure can help to understand the complexity of soccer.展开更多
文摘Carbon dioxide emissions have increased due to the consumption of fossil fuels,making the neutralization and utilization of CO_(2) a pressing issue.As a clean and efficient energy conversion process,electrocatalytic reduction can reduce carbon dioxide into a series of alcohols and acidic organic molecules,which can effectively realize the utilization and transformation of carbon dioxide.This review focuses on the tuning strategies and structure effects of catalysts for the electrocatalytic CO_(2) reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR).The tuning strategies for the active sites of catalysts have been reviewed from intrinsic and external perspectives.The structure effects for the CO_(2)RR catalysts have also been discussed,such as tandem catalysis,synergistic effects and confinement catalysis.We expect that this review about tuning strategies and structure effects can provide guidance for designing highly efficient CO_(2)RR electrocatalysts.
文摘Soccer is a complex system.Therefore,appropriate(nontrivial) models have to be applied to be able to analyze the behavior of the teams on the pitch.This study analyzed the World Cup Final 2006 between France and Italy by means of relative phase.Mean longitudinal and lateral positions of all 20 outfield players were used to calculate relative phase by Hilbert transformation.Whole team-,group-,and attacker-fullbacks couplings showed that soccer is clearly an in-phase game.Perturbations of the relative phase structure helped to identify scoring opportunities of the attacking team.Moreover,analyses of the relative phase structure can help to understand the complexity of soccer.
