An adaptive human tracking method across spatially separated surveillance cameras with non-overlapping fields of views （FOVs） is proposed. The method relies on the two cues of the human appearance model and spatio-t...An adaptive human tracking method across spatially separated surveillance cameras with non-overlapping fields of views （FOVs） is proposed. The method relies on the two cues of the human appearance model and spatio-temporal information between cameras. For the human appearance model, an HSV color histogram is extracted from different human body parts （head, torso, and legs）, then a weighted algorithm is used to compute the similarity distance of two people. Finally, a similarity sorting algorithm with two thresholds is exploited to find the correspondence. The spatio- temporal information is established in the learning phase and is updated incrementally according to the latest correspondence. The experimental results prove that the proposed human tracking method is effective without requiring camera calibration and it becomes more accurate over time as new observations are accumulated.展开更多
The CuZrAl bulk metallic glass with minor-addition of Fe was prepared by rapid quenching method. The structures were examined by X-ray diffraction （XRD）. The effect of Fe on the glass-forming ability was studied by ...The CuZrAl bulk metallic glass with minor-addition of Fe was prepared by rapid quenching method. The structures were examined by X-ray diffraction （XRD）. The effect of Fe on the glass-forming ability was studied by differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）. The minor-addition of Fe obviously extends the supercooled liquid region ΔTx. The plastic strain of the Cu44Zr48Al7Fe bulk metallic glass is about 1.5%. The microstructures were examined by transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. It is found that when 1%-2% Fe （mole fraction） were introduced into the CuZrAl alloy matrix, nanoscale phase separation occurs in the as-prepared Cu44Zr48Al7Fe bulk metallic glass.展开更多
In this article, author evaluated past/present perspectives about philosophy and branches of philosophy due to historical period, religious perspective, and due to their organized categories/branches or areas. Some ty...In this article, author evaluated past/present perspectives about philosophy and branches of philosophy due to historical period, religious perspective, and due to their organized categories/branches or areas. Some types of interactions between some disciplines are given as an example. The purpose of this article is, to solve problems related with philosophy and past branches of philosophy, to define new philosophy perspective in the new system, to define new questions and questioning about philosophy or branches of philosophy, to define new or re-constructed branches of philosophy, to define the relations between the philosophy branches, to define good and/or correct structure of philosophy and branches of philosophy, to extend the definition/limits of philosophy, others. Author considered R-Synthesis as a method for the evaluation of the philosophy and related past branches of philosophy. This R-Synthesis includes general/specific perspective with eight categories, 21-dimensions, and twelve general subjects （with related scope and contents） for the past 12,000 years. It is a kind of synthesis of supernaturalism and naturalism, physics and metaphysics, others. In this article, author expressed 27 possible definitive/certain result cases of the new synthesis and defined the possible formation stages to express new theories, new disciplines, theory of interaction, theory of relation, hybrid theory, and others as constructional and/or complementary theories. These theories are considered for 21 major effective disciplines which are defined for a country and for the world. New philosophy perspective, branches of philosophy, and aims/purposes of R-Philosophy are defined to organize many inquiries about the name, number, and relation between special subject ＂X＂ and ＂philosophy of X＂ in some manner. This new perspective includes necessary and sufficient number of philosophy branches, and so it limits the number of ＂philosophy of X＂ in the philosophical system. New Era Philosophy is defined with its sub branches, its constructional philosophies, and with its 8D hybrid philosophy perspective. Ideal Philosophical System is defined with general/specific figure. Some of the new and/or re-constructed branches of philosophy explained with the new defined set of questions, new sub branches and constructional philosophies. Integration of the past/present branches of philosophy into the ideal philosophical system is explained generally. Philosophical interests of the some past philosophers and their relations with the ideal philosophical system expressed with table.展开更多
The paper addresses the controversial question of the role of clay-sized dust in the formation of paleosols in coastal eolianites, Israel. At the Habonim type section, the pedocomplex dated by archaeology and luminesc...The paper addresses the controversial question of the role of clay-sized dust in the formation of paleosols in coastal eolianites, Israel. At the Habonim type section, the pedocomplex dated by archaeology and luminescence to 45-135 ka ago shows at least three paleosols, not separated by non-soil sediments. The oldest reddish paleosol （apparently related to MIS 5） is magnetically enhanced, leached from carbonates, with signs of bioturbation and strongly aged clay coatings. The reddening is due to very fine, -20 nm, poorly crystallized, superparamagnetic （SP） hematite, as determined by Mossbauer studies. In subsoil, lithorelics of eolianite are found. Over time, the soil surface aggraded due to accelerated fine dust accumulation alongside local slope wash. On younger materials formed magnetically depleted vertisols, dominated by smectite-type expandable paramagnetic clays. In thin sections, vertisols exhibit strong stipple-speckled and striated b-fabric due to shrink-swell processes, impregnative calcite nodules and Fe-Mn redistribution. The uppermost hydric vertisol shows the strongest expression of juxtaposed features of recurrent calcite and Fe precipitation. This paleosol developed on colluvial soil materials, as evidenced by mixing of clay coated and uncoated grains of quartz and calcite allochems. M6ssbauer spectra show high amounts of Fe（III） incorporated in the clay structure, low amounts of SP goethite and absence of SP hematite. Whilst magnetic susceptibility drops in vertisols to minimal values, increase. The latter along ferrimagnetie grain sizes with differences in the hierarchy of microfabric features is taken as indication for lithologic discontinuities which may have resulted from continuous, albeit variable and low-intensity, input of eolian clay from both remote Saharan and local sources, roughly dated to the earlier to middle part of the Last Glacial.展开更多
The enhancement effect of the phase-conjugate wave produced by a third order nonlinear optical medium in a （AB）^N （D）^2 （BA）^N Bragg microcavity made of one-dimensional photonic crystals is studied. The gain fac...The enhancement effect of the phase-conjugate wave produced by a third order nonlinear optical medium in a （AB）^N （D）^2 （BA）^N Bragg microcavity made of one-dimensional photonic crystals is studied. The gain factor of the phase-conjugate wave is derived when the resonance condition is satisfied by the incident optical wave and the Bragg microcavity mode. Because of stronger resonance enhancement to incident pump beam given by the Bragg microcavity, the enhancement effect of the phase-conjugate wave produced by a third order nonlinear optical medium inside Bragg microcavity is more outstanding than that caused by the naked third order nonlinear optical medium. The theoretical analysis and the numerical calculation show the Bragg microcavity with larger number N of periods is identical with a Fabry-Perot cavity when the resonance condition is satisfied by the incident optical wave and the Bragg microcavity mode.展开更多
The crystal structure,formation kinetics and micro-morphology of CaO·SiO2 during high-temperature sintering process were studied in low-calcium system by XRD,FT-IR,Raman and SEM-EDS methods.When the molar ratio o...The crystal structure,formation kinetics and micro-morphology of CaO·SiO2 during high-temperature sintering process were studied in low-calcium system by XRD,FT-IR,Raman and SEM-EDS methods.When the molar ratio of CaCO3 to SiO2 is 1.0,β-2CaO·SiO2 forms firstly during the heating process,and then CaO·SiO2 is generated by the transformation reaction of pre-formed 2CaO·SiO2 with SiO2.3CaO·SiO2 and 3CaO·2SiO2 do not form either in the heating or sintering process.Rising the sintering temperature and prolonging the holding time promote the phase transition of 2CaO·SiO2 to CaO·SiO2,resulting in the sintered products a small blue shift and broadening in Raman spectra.The content of CS can reach 97.4%when sintered at 1400℃ for 1 h.The formation kinetics of CaO·SiO2 follows the second-order chemical reaction model,and the corresponding apparent activation energy and pre-exponential factor are 505.82 kJ/mol and 2.16×10^14 s^−1 respectively.展开更多
We consider a bistable mesoscopic chemical reaction system and calculate entropy produc- tion along the dominant pathway during nonequilibrium phase transition. Using probability generating function method and eikonal...We consider a bistable mesoscopic chemical reaction system and calculate entropy produc- tion along the dominant pathway during nonequilibrium phase transition. Using probability generating function method and eikonal approximation, we first convert the chemical master equation into the classical Hamilton-Jacobi equation, and then find the dominant pathways between two steady states in the phase space by calculating zero-energy trajectories. We find that entropy productions are related to the actions of the forward and backward dominant pathways. At the coexistence point where the stabilities of the two steady states are equiv alent, both the system entropy change and the medium entropy change are zero; whereas at non-coexistence point both of them are nonzero.展开更多
One can see often in explanations of encyclopedia or lexicons of philosophy that Plato manifested primarily the absolute Idealism, whereas Aristotle verified antagonistically the relevance of realism. It is easy to pi...One can see often in explanations of encyclopedia or lexicons of philosophy that Plato manifested primarily the absolute Idealism, whereas Aristotle verified antagonistically the relevance of realism. It is easy to pick up several parts of their representative works and prove that this thesis is corresponded to the original of Plato and Aristotle. But, in reflections of philosophy, we should not ignore a cautious view, focused just on this starting point： If the above mentioned thesis is used like a slogan, ＂Plato for idealism, Aristotle for realism,＂ as it often is, in the meantime there arises a dogmatic position which fixes our mental and intellectual activity only within the frame, so that everyone begins to reflect on Plato or Aristotle from that starting point in a certain framework. A critical and self-critical view of philosophy may bring this position for a query.展开更多
This paper presents the conceptual challenges to an aesthetic model of living plants based in embodied interaction with flora through smell, taste, touch, sound and sight. I argue that the science of aesthetics is det...This paper presents the conceptual challenges to an aesthetic model of living plants based in embodied interaction with flora through smell, taste, touch, sound and sight. I argue that the science of aesthetics is deterministically visual. Drawing from theories of landscape aesthetics put forth by Carlson and Berleant, I outline four primary obstacles to an embodied aesthetics： plants as objects of sight, plants as objects of art, plants as objects of disinterestedness and plants as objects of scientific discourse. A multi-sensorial aesthetics of flora requires auto-centric proximity and degrees of intersubjectivity between the appreciator and the appreciated plant that raise important philosophical questions about aesthetic experience of the natural world.展开更多
New media have exerted profound influence on the core values of contemporary college students. In the new media era, in order to cultivate and practice the social core values, we have to transform the concept and meth...New media have exerted profound influence on the core values of contemporary college students. In the new media era, in order to cultivate and practice the social core values, we have to transform the concept and method of education. It is also important to realize the positive and negative influence of core values on both college students and teachers, so that the education on social core values can be carried out in an active and effective way.展开更多
In the moral philosophy of the late Stoa, there is a significant turn to the recognition of non-violence values. Starting from the point where the philosophers of the Ancient and the Middle Stoa acknowledge man＇s rel...In the moral philosophy of the late Stoa, there is a significant turn to the recognition of non-violence values. Starting from the point where the philosophers of the Ancient and the Middle Stoa acknowledge man＇s relation with the Cosmos and with each human being separately, the Stoics of Rome （namely, Seneca, Marcus Aurelius, Epictetus, but even Cicero who fosters many of the earlier Stoic ethical views） enrich the content of this theorization by offering an expansion of the concept of the Greek philanthropy. Through the practical means of individual correction, which leads to the therapy of passions, the stoic sage returns to society in order to emancipate the human being and to ensure that man will recover his ontological dignity. This effort is grounded on benevolent and mild action, which aims to correct rather than to discipline in a punitive way. It is their contribution to philosophy that the author aims to discuss in connection with the recording of their thought on issues directly related with a non-violent and eudaimonistic way of life in the context of social peace.展开更多
Pre-existing discontinuities change the mechanical properties of rock masses,and further influence failure behavior around an underground opening.In present study,the failure behavior in both Inner and Outer zones aro...Pre-existing discontinuities change the mechanical properties of rock masses,and further influence failure behavior around an underground opening.In present study,the failure behavior in both Inner and Outer zones around a circular opening in a non-persistently jointed rock mass under biaxial compression was investigated through numerical simulations.First,the micro parameters of the PFC^(3D) model were carefully calibrated using the macro mechanical properties determined in physical experiments implemented on jointed rock models.Then,a parametrical study was undertaken of the effect of stress condition,joint dip angle and joint persistency.Under low initial stress,the confining stress improves the mechanical behavior of the surrounding rock masses;while under high initial stress,the surrounding rock mass failed immediately following excavation.At small dip angles the cracks around the circular opening developed generally outwards in a step-path failure pattern;whereas,at high dip angles the surrounding rock mass failed in an instantaneous intact rock failure pattern.Moreover,the stability of the rock mass around the circular opening deteriorated significantly with increasing joint persistency.展开更多
The ultimate objective of sports public service is to pay attention to the development of human beings. It is the absolute trend of health conception pursuit by the growing material and cultural lives of the people. W...The ultimate objective of sports public service is to pay attention to the development of human beings. It is the absolute trend of health conception pursuit by the growing material and cultural lives of the people. When the modem society is interpreting the concept, the connotation and the development objective of sports public services, it conforms to the scientific concept of development that takes humans as essentials. With the target of the development of three stages, it realizes the service system at which the government macro-control and all sectors of society mutually participate. In addition, it also realizes the service system in which the rural-urban sports public service develops with the characteristics of diversification, multi-subjects and multi-centers. These are to be gradually realized on the perspectives of management mode, supply mode, and operation mechanism as well as the social guarantee mechanism, etc. In this way, the sports public service in our country is ensured to develop gradually and stably.展开更多
Conventional model tests and centrifuge tests are frequently used to investigate seepage erosion. However, the centrifugal test method may not be efficient according to the results of hydraulic conductivity tests and ...Conventional model tests and centrifuge tests are frequently used to investigate seepage erosion. However, the centrifugal test method may not be efficient according to the results of hydraulic conductivity tests and piping erosion tests. The reason why seepage deformation in model tests may deviate from similarity was first discussed in this work. Then, the similarity criterion for seepage deformation in porous media was improved based on the extended Darcy-Brinkman-Forchheimer equation. Finally, the coupled particle flow code–computational fluid dynamics(PFC-CFD) model at the mesoscopic level was proposed to verify the derived similarity criterion. The proposed model maximizes its potential to simulate seepage erosion via the discrete element method and satisfy the similarity criterion by adjusting particle size. The numerical simulations achieved identical results with the prototype, thus indicating that the PFC-CFD model that satisfies the improved similarity criterion can accurately reproduce the processes of seepage erosion at the mesoscopic level.展开更多
Being professional teacher is a process of acting and self empowering of teachers collectively and continuously. A teacher is not merely transferring knowledges and subject matters to the students but also internalizi...Being professional teacher is a process of acting and self empowering of teachers collectively and continuously. A teacher is not merely transferring knowledges and subject matters to the students but also internalizing the values; professionalism, knowledge laedership, community empowerment, etc. Partnership, professional development, and learning community are possibly gained by the teachers through lesson study implementasion interconnectedly and mutually. This paper aims at elaborating on the experience of State Junior High School 1 Srandakan Bantul Yogyakarta in implementing lesson study as a break-through to enhance the teachers＇ professional development incorporating the three mechanisms of lesson study. This school has conducted lesson study for about three years. The study resulted that 80 percent of teachers achieve their competence in planning, doing, and reflecting the lesson through observing other teachers performance and being observed interchangeably.展开更多
The authors review the clinical outcome in patients with Crohn's disease(CD)based on studies describing the natural course of the disease.Population-based studies have demonstrated that the incidence rates and pre...The authors review the clinical outcome in patients with Crohn's disease(CD)based on studies describing the natural course of the disease.Population-based studies have demonstrated that the incidence rates and prevalence rates for CD have increased since the mid-1970s.The authors search for English language articles from 1980 until 2011.Geographical variations,incidence,prevalence,smoking habits,sex,mortality and medications are investigated.An increasing incidence and prevalence of CD have been found over the last three decades.The disease seems to be most common in northern Europe and North America,but is probably increasing also in Asia and Africa.Smoking is associated with an increased risk of developing CD.Age <40 at diagnosis,penetrating/stricturing complications,need for systemic steroids,and disease location in terminal ileum are factors associated with higher relapse rates.A slight predominance of women diagnosed with CD has been found.Ileocecal resection is the most commonly performed surgical procedure,and within the first five years after the diagnosis about one third of the patients have had intestinal surgery.Smoking is associated with a worse clinical course and withincreased risk of flare-ups.In most studies the overall mortality is comparable to the background population.To date,the most effective treatment options in acute flares are glucocorticosteroids and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α-blockers.Azathioprine/methotrexate and TNF-α-blockers are effective in maintaining remission.展开更多
A structural model of cultivation theory is tested by using a national data set from 1957, before television became a dominant medium in the United States. Support is found for the basic tenet of cultivation theory, n...A structural model of cultivation theory is tested by using a national data set from 1957, before television became a dominant medium in the United States. Support is found for the basic tenet of cultivation theory, namely, that media use shapes people＇s perceptions and beliefs. Print media use predicts one＇s worldview, both of which predict attitudes toward science. By examining attitudes toward science before television became a dominant medium, this study extends the theory beyond the field＇s primary research focus on the relationship between television and violence.展开更多
As a result of environmental degradation,urban green space has become a key issue for urban sustainable development.This paper takes Liaoyang City in Northeast China as an example to develop green space planning using...As a result of environmental degradation,urban green space has become a key issue for urban sustainable development.This paper takes Liaoyang City in Northeast China as an example to develop green space planning using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model,landscape ecological principles and Geographical Information System (GIS).Based on the influencing factors of topography,building density and orientation,Shou Mountain,Longding Mountain and the Taizi River were selected as the urban ventilation paths to promote wind and oxygen circulation.Oxygen concentration around the green spaces gradually decreased with wind speed increase and wind direction change.There were obvious negative correlation relationships between the oxygen dispersion concentration and urban layout factors such as the building plot ratio and building density.Comparison with the field measurements found that there was significant correlation relationship between simulated oxygen concentration and field measurements (R 2=0.6415,p<0.001),moreover,simulation precision was higher than 92%,which indicated CFD model was effective for urban oxygen concentration simulation.Only less than 10% areas in Liaoyang City proper needed more green space urgently to improve oxygen concentration,mainly concentrated in Baitai and west Wensheng districts.Based on land-scape ecology principle,green space planning at different spatial scales were proposed to create a green space network system for Liaoyang City,including features such as green wedges,green belts and parks.Totally,about 2012 ha of green space need to be constructed as oxygen sources and ventilation paths.Compared with the current green space pattern,proposed green space planning could improve oxygen concentration obviously.The CFD model and research results in this paper could provide an effective way and theory support for sustainable development of urban green space.展开更多
The main question in the current ideological and political education is as followings： backward education concept, inadequate education system, outdated educational content and single teaching methods and so on. Base...The main question in the current ideological and political education is as followings： backward education concept, inadequate education system, outdated educational content and single teaching methods and so on. Based on the requirements for college ideological and political education proposed by ＂Long-term Education Reform and Development Plan＂, the article put forward countermeasures and suggestions to strengthen and improve ideological and political education from updating Ideological and Political Education concept, improving ideological and political education mechanism, and enriching ideological and political education.展开更多
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 60972001 )the Science and Technology Plan of Suzhou City(No. SG201076)
文摘An adaptive human tracking method across spatially separated surveillance cameras with non-overlapping fields of views （FOVs） is proposed. The method relies on the two cues of the human appearance model and spatio-temporal information between cameras. For the human appearance model, an HSV color histogram is extracted from different human body parts （head, torso, and legs）, then a weighted algorithm is used to compute the similarity distance of two people. Finally, a similarity sorting algorithm with two thresholds is exploited to find the correspondence. The spatio- temporal information is established in the learning phase and is updated incrementally according to the latest correspondence. The experimental results prove that the proposed human tracking method is effective without requiring camera calibration and it becomes more accurate over time as new observations are accumulated.
基金Project (2010ZDJH10) supported by the Nanjing University of Science and Technology Research Funding, ChinaProject (BK2007213) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China
文摘The CuZrAl bulk metallic glass with minor-addition of Fe was prepared by rapid quenching method. The structures were examined by X-ray diffraction （XRD）. The effect of Fe on the glass-forming ability was studied by differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）. The minor-addition of Fe obviously extends the supercooled liquid region ΔTx. The plastic strain of the Cu44Zr48Al7Fe bulk metallic glass is about 1.5%. The microstructures were examined by transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. It is found that when 1%-2% Fe （mole fraction） were introduced into the CuZrAl alloy matrix, nanoscale phase separation occurs in the as-prepared Cu44Zr48Al7Fe bulk metallic glass.
文摘In this article, author evaluated past/present perspectives about philosophy and branches of philosophy due to historical period, religious perspective, and due to their organized categories/branches or areas. Some types of interactions between some disciplines are given as an example. The purpose of this article is, to solve problems related with philosophy and past branches of philosophy, to define new philosophy perspective in the new system, to define new questions and questioning about philosophy or branches of philosophy, to define new or re-constructed branches of philosophy, to define the relations between the philosophy branches, to define good and/or correct structure of philosophy and branches of philosophy, to extend the definition/limits of philosophy, others. Author considered R-Synthesis as a method for the evaluation of the philosophy and related past branches of philosophy. This R-Synthesis includes general/specific perspective with eight categories, 21-dimensions, and twelve general subjects （with related scope and contents） for the past 12,000 years. It is a kind of synthesis of supernaturalism and naturalism, physics and metaphysics, others. In this article, author expressed 27 possible definitive/certain result cases of the new synthesis and defined the possible formation stages to express new theories, new disciplines, theory of interaction, theory of relation, hybrid theory, and others as constructional and/or complementary theories. These theories are considered for 21 major effective disciplines which are defined for a country and for the world. New philosophy perspective, branches of philosophy, and aims/purposes of R-Philosophy are defined to organize many inquiries about the name, number, and relation between special subject ＂X＂ and ＂philosophy of X＂ in some manner. This new perspective includes necessary and sufficient number of philosophy branches, and so it limits the number of ＂philosophy of X＂ in the philosophical system. New Era Philosophy is defined with its sub branches, its constructional philosophies, and with its 8D hybrid philosophy perspective. Ideal Philosophical System is defined with general/specific figure. Some of the new and/or re-constructed branches of philosophy explained with the new defined set of questions, new sub branches and constructional philosophies. Integration of the past/present branches of philosophy into the ideal philosophical system is explained generally. Philosophical interests of the some past philosophers and their relations with the ideal philosophical system expressed with table.
基金supported by the Research Authority of the University of Haifa, and the Joint Foundation between Technion and University of Haifa
文摘The paper addresses the controversial question of the role of clay-sized dust in the formation of paleosols in coastal eolianites, Israel. At the Habonim type section, the pedocomplex dated by archaeology and luminescence to 45-135 ka ago shows at least three paleosols, not separated by non-soil sediments. The oldest reddish paleosol （apparently related to MIS 5） is magnetically enhanced, leached from carbonates, with signs of bioturbation and strongly aged clay coatings. The reddening is due to very fine, -20 nm, poorly crystallized, superparamagnetic （SP） hematite, as determined by Mossbauer studies. In subsoil, lithorelics of eolianite are found. Over time, the soil surface aggraded due to accelerated fine dust accumulation alongside local slope wash. On younger materials formed magnetically depleted vertisols, dominated by smectite-type expandable paramagnetic clays. In thin sections, vertisols exhibit strong stipple-speckled and striated b-fabric due to shrink-swell processes, impregnative calcite nodules and Fe-Mn redistribution. The uppermost hydric vertisol shows the strongest expression of juxtaposed features of recurrent calcite and Fe precipitation. This paleosol developed on colluvial soil materials, as evidenced by mixing of clay coated and uncoated grains of quartz and calcite allochems. M6ssbauer spectra show high amounts of Fe（III） incorporated in the clay structure, low amounts of SP goethite and absence of SP hematite. Whilst magnetic susceptibility drops in vertisols to minimal values, increase. The latter along ferrimagnetie grain sizes with differences in the hierarchy of microfabric features is taken as indication for lithologic discontinuities which may have resulted from continuous, albeit variable and low-intensity, input of eolian clay from both remote Saharan and local sources, roughly dated to the earlier to middle part of the Last Glacial.
文摘The enhancement effect of the phase-conjugate wave produced by a third order nonlinear optical medium in a （AB）^N （D）^2 （BA）^N Bragg microcavity made of one-dimensional photonic crystals is studied. The gain factor of the phase-conjugate wave is derived when the resonance condition is satisfied by the incident optical wave and the Bragg microcavity mode. Because of stronger resonance enhancement to incident pump beam given by the Bragg microcavity, the enhancement effect of the phase-conjugate wave produced by a third order nonlinear optical medium inside Bragg microcavity is more outstanding than that caused by the naked third order nonlinear optical medium. The theoretical analysis and the numerical calculation show the Bragg microcavity with larger number N of periods is identical with a Fabry-Perot cavity when the resonance condition is satisfied by the incident optical wave and the Bragg microcavity mode.
基金Projects(51674075,51774079)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2018YFC1901903)supported by the National Key R&D Program of ChinaProject(N182508026)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China。
文摘The crystal structure,formation kinetics and micro-morphology of CaO·SiO2 during high-temperature sintering process were studied in low-calcium system by XRD,FT-IR,Raman and SEM-EDS methods.When the molar ratio of CaCO3 to SiO2 is 1.0,β-2CaO·SiO2 forms firstly during the heating process,and then CaO·SiO2 is generated by the transformation reaction of pre-formed 2CaO·SiO2 with SiO2.3CaO·SiO2 and 3CaO·2SiO2 do not form either in the heating or sintering process.Rising the sintering temperature and prolonging the holding time promote the phase transition of 2CaO·SiO2 to CaO·SiO2,resulting in the sintered products a small blue shift and broadening in Raman spectra.The content of CS can reach 97.4%when sintered at 1400℃ for 1 h.The formation kinetics of CaO·SiO2 follows the second-order chemical reaction model,and the corresponding apparent activation energy and pre-exponential factor are 505.82 kJ/mol and 2.16×10^14 s^−1 respectively.
文摘We consider a bistable mesoscopic chemical reaction system and calculate entropy produc- tion along the dominant pathway during nonequilibrium phase transition. Using probability generating function method and eikonal approximation, we first convert the chemical master equation into the classical Hamilton-Jacobi equation, and then find the dominant pathways between two steady states in the phase space by calculating zero-energy trajectories. We find that entropy productions are related to the actions of the forward and backward dominant pathways. At the coexistence point where the stabilities of the two steady states are equiv alent, both the system entropy change and the medium entropy change are zero; whereas at non-coexistence point both of them are nonzero.
文摘One can see often in explanations of encyclopedia or lexicons of philosophy that Plato manifested primarily the absolute Idealism, whereas Aristotle verified antagonistically the relevance of realism. It is easy to pick up several parts of their representative works and prove that this thesis is corresponded to the original of Plato and Aristotle. But, in reflections of philosophy, we should not ignore a cautious view, focused just on this starting point： If the above mentioned thesis is used like a slogan, ＂Plato for idealism, Aristotle for realism,＂ as it often is, in the meantime there arises a dogmatic position which fixes our mental and intellectual activity only within the frame, so that everyone begins to reflect on Plato or Aristotle from that starting point in a certain framework. A critical and self-critical view of philosophy may bring this position for a query.
文摘This paper presents the conceptual challenges to an aesthetic model of living plants based in embodied interaction with flora through smell, taste, touch, sound and sight. I argue that the science of aesthetics is deterministically visual. Drawing from theories of landscape aesthetics put forth by Carlson and Berleant, I outline four primary obstacles to an embodied aesthetics： plants as objects of sight, plants as objects of art, plants as objects of disinterestedness and plants as objects of scientific discourse. A multi-sensorial aesthetics of flora requires auto-centric proximity and degrees of intersubjectivity between the appreciator and the appreciated plant that raise important philosophical questions about aesthetic experience of the natural world.
文摘New media have exerted profound influence on the core values of contemporary college students. In the new media era, in order to cultivate and practice the social core values, we have to transform the concept and method of education. It is also important to realize the positive and negative influence of core values on both college students and teachers, so that the education on social core values can be carried out in an active and effective way.
文摘In the moral philosophy of the late Stoa, there is a significant turn to the recognition of non-violence values. Starting from the point where the philosophers of the Ancient and the Middle Stoa acknowledge man＇s relation with the Cosmos and with each human being separately, the Stoics of Rome （namely, Seneca, Marcus Aurelius, Epictetus, but even Cicero who fosters many of the earlier Stoic ethical views） enrich the content of this theorization by offering an expansion of the concept of the Greek philanthropy. Through the practical means of individual correction, which leads to the therapy of passions, the stoic sage returns to society in order to emancipate the human being and to ensure that man will recover his ontological dignity. This effort is grounded on benevolent and mild action, which aims to correct rather than to discipline in a punitive way. It is their contribution to philosophy that the author aims to discuss in connection with the recording of their thought on issues directly related with a non-violent and eudaimonistic way of life in the context of social peace.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (No.2013CB036003)the Graduate Research and Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province (No.CXLX13_943)
文摘Pre-existing discontinuities change the mechanical properties of rock masses,and further influence failure behavior around an underground opening.In present study,the failure behavior in both Inner and Outer zones around a circular opening in a non-persistently jointed rock mass under biaxial compression was investigated through numerical simulations.First,the micro parameters of the PFC^(3D) model were carefully calibrated using the macro mechanical properties determined in physical experiments implemented on jointed rock models.Then,a parametrical study was undertaken of the effect of stress condition,joint dip angle and joint persistency.Under low initial stress,the confining stress improves the mechanical behavior of the surrounding rock masses;while under high initial stress,the surrounding rock mass failed immediately following excavation.At small dip angles the cracks around the circular opening developed generally outwards in a step-path failure pattern;whereas,at high dip angles the surrounding rock mass failed in an instantaneous intact rock failure pattern.Moreover,the stability of the rock mass around the circular opening deteriorated significantly with increasing joint persistency.
文摘The ultimate objective of sports public service is to pay attention to the development of human beings. It is the absolute trend of health conception pursuit by the growing material and cultural lives of the people. When the modem society is interpreting the concept, the connotation and the development objective of sports public services, it conforms to the scientific concept of development that takes humans as essentials. With the target of the development of three stages, it realizes the service system at which the government macro-control and all sectors of society mutually participate. In addition, it also realizes the service system in which the rural-urban sports public service develops with the characteristics of diversification, multi-subjects and multi-centers. These are to be gradually realized on the perspectives of management mode, supply mode, and operation mechanism as well as the social guarantee mechanism, etc. In this way, the sports public service in our country is ensured to develop gradually and stably.
基金Project(51309086)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(20110094120002)supported by the Ministry Education Foundation of ChinaProjects(2014B04914,2011B07214)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China
文摘Conventional model tests and centrifuge tests are frequently used to investigate seepage erosion. However, the centrifugal test method may not be efficient according to the results of hydraulic conductivity tests and piping erosion tests. The reason why seepage deformation in model tests may deviate from similarity was first discussed in this work. Then, the similarity criterion for seepage deformation in porous media was improved based on the extended Darcy-Brinkman-Forchheimer equation. Finally, the coupled particle flow code–computational fluid dynamics(PFC-CFD) model at the mesoscopic level was proposed to verify the derived similarity criterion. The proposed model maximizes its potential to simulate seepage erosion via the discrete element method and satisfy the similarity criterion by adjusting particle size. The numerical simulations achieved identical results with the prototype, thus indicating that the PFC-CFD model that satisfies the improved similarity criterion can accurately reproduce the processes of seepage erosion at the mesoscopic level.
文摘Being professional teacher is a process of acting and self empowering of teachers collectively and continuously. A teacher is not merely transferring knowledges and subject matters to the students but also internalizing the values; professionalism, knowledge laedership, community empowerment, etc. Partnership, professional development, and learning community are possibly gained by the teachers through lesson study implementasion interconnectedly and mutually. This paper aims at elaborating on the experience of State Junior High School 1 Srandakan Bantul Yogyakarta in implementing lesson study as a break-through to enhance the teachers＇ professional development incorporating the three mechanisms of lesson study. This school has conducted lesson study for about three years. The study resulted that 80 percent of teachers achieve their competence in planning, doing, and reflecting the lesson through observing other teachers performance and being observed interchangeably.
文摘The authors review the clinical outcome in patients with Crohn's disease(CD)based on studies describing the natural course of the disease.Population-based studies have demonstrated that the incidence rates and prevalence rates for CD have increased since the mid-1970s.The authors search for English language articles from 1980 until 2011.Geographical variations,incidence,prevalence,smoking habits,sex,mortality and medications are investigated.An increasing incidence and prevalence of CD have been found over the last three decades.The disease seems to be most common in northern Europe and North America,but is probably increasing also in Asia and Africa.Smoking is associated with an increased risk of developing CD.Age <40 at diagnosis,penetrating/stricturing complications,need for systemic steroids,and disease location in terminal ileum are factors associated with higher relapse rates.A slight predominance of women diagnosed with CD has been found.Ileocecal resection is the most commonly performed surgical procedure,and within the first five years after the diagnosis about one third of the patients have had intestinal surgery.Smoking is associated with a worse clinical course and withincreased risk of flare-ups.In most studies the overall mortality is comparable to the background population.To date,the most effective treatment options in acute flares are glucocorticosteroids and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α-blockers.Azathioprine/methotrexate and TNF-α-blockers are effective in maintaining remission.
文摘A structural model of cultivation theory is tested by using a national data set from 1957, before television became a dominant medium in the United States. Support is found for the basic tenet of cultivation theory, namely, that media use shapes people＇s perceptions and beliefs. Print media use predicts one＇s worldview, both of which predict attitudes toward science. By examining attitudes toward science before television became a dominant medium, this study extends the theory beyond the field＇s primary research focus on the relationship between television and violence.
基金Under the auspices of National Key Technology Research and Development Program of China (No.2008BAJ10B01-01)National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.40801069)
文摘As a result of environmental degradation,urban green space has become a key issue for urban sustainable development.This paper takes Liaoyang City in Northeast China as an example to develop green space planning using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model,landscape ecological principles and Geographical Information System (GIS).Based on the influencing factors of topography,building density and orientation,Shou Mountain,Longding Mountain and the Taizi River were selected as the urban ventilation paths to promote wind and oxygen circulation.Oxygen concentration around the green spaces gradually decreased with wind speed increase and wind direction change.There were obvious negative correlation relationships between the oxygen dispersion concentration and urban layout factors such as the building plot ratio and building density.Comparison with the field measurements found that there was significant correlation relationship between simulated oxygen concentration and field measurements (R 2=0.6415,p<0.001),moreover,simulation precision was higher than 92%,which indicated CFD model was effective for urban oxygen concentration simulation.Only less than 10% areas in Liaoyang City proper needed more green space urgently to improve oxygen concentration,mainly concentrated in Baitai and west Wensheng districts.Based on land-scape ecology principle,green space planning at different spatial scales were proposed to create a green space network system for Liaoyang City,including features such as green wedges,green belts and parks.Totally,about 2012 ha of green space need to be constructed as oxygen sources and ventilation paths.Compared with the current green space pattern,proposed green space planning could improve oxygen concentration obviously.The CFD model and research results in this paper could provide an effective way and theory support for sustainable development of urban green space.
文摘The main question in the current ideological and political education is as followings： backward education concept, inadequate education system, outdated educational content and single teaching methods and so on. Based on the requirements for college ideological and political education proposed by ＂Long-term Education Reform and Development Plan＂, the article put forward countermeasures and suggestions to strengthen and improve ideological and political education from updating Ideological and Political Education concept, improving ideological and political education mechanism, and enriching ideological and political education.
