以Science Citation Index Expanded数据库为数据源,引入CABI农业文摘数据库专家标引规范主题词,结合引文分析、期刊文献耦合分析方法,并借助科学知识图谱绘制方法与信息可视化技术,绘制作物科学主题知识图谱,以可视化的手段形象地揭示...以Science Citation Index Expanded数据库为数据源,引入CABI农业文摘数据库专家标引规范主题词,结合引文分析、期刊文献耦合分析方法,并借助科学知识图谱绘制方法与信息可视化技术,绘制作物科学主题知识图谱,以可视化的手段形象地揭示国际作物学科的知识结构及热点主题。提出了一套通过绘制作物学科主题图谱对学科热点主题进行分析的方法,不仅解决了数据集构建的难点问题,而且在作物学科主题结构及热点主题的识别中取得了理想的效果。展望未来,以此为突破口将学科知识图谱的先进理论与技术应用的范围拓展至更广泛的农业领域,将为农业领域的科研人员以及科技管理人员提供更好的参考与借鉴。展开更多
A feld study was set up to compare dry matter accumulation and grain yield of 3 different types of flm mulching, namely FFC （full flm muched on tiny ridges covered with soil）, PFC （full flm muched covered with soil...A feld study was set up to compare dry matter accumulation and grain yield of 3 different types of flm mulching, namely FFC （full flm muched on tiny ridges covered with soil）, PFC （full flm muched covered with soil）, and PF （full flm muched with no cover）. The experiment was laid out in a complete random design with 3 replications at north-west （34°40′N, 105°06′E） of China. This study determined that （1） flm mulching treatment increased leaf area and dry matter accumulation of oil fax in semi-arid areas; （2） accu-mulation of dry matter under PFC treatment was markedly higher than other treatments except anthesis stage; （3） average grain yield of oil fax under flm mulching treatment was 52.67%-60.33% higher than fat plot without mulched or ridge （CK） treatment; （4） grain yield of oil fax was substantially correlated with plant height, grain number and 1,000 kernels weight. This study demonstrated that flm mulching has signifcant effects on crop grain yield improvement in the northwest of China.展开更多
Plants are important components of any rangeland.However,the importance of desert rangeland plant diversity has often been underestimated.It has been argued that desert rangelands of Tunisia in good ecological conditi...Plants are important components of any rangeland.However,the importance of desert rangeland plant diversity has often been underestimated.It has been argued that desert rangelands of Tunisia in good ecological condition provide more services than those in poor ecological condition.This is because rangelands in good condition support a more diverse mixture of vegetation with many benefits,such as forage for livestock and medicinal plants.Nearly one-quarter of Tunisia,covering about 5.5 million hectares,are rangelands,of which 87% are located in the arid and desert areas(45% and 42%,respectively).Here,we provide a brief review of the floristic richness of desert rangelands of Tunisia.Approximately 135 species are specific to desert rangelands.The predominant families are Asteraceae,Poaceae,Brassicaceae,Chenopodiaceae,and Fabaceae.These represent approximately 50% of Tunisian desert flora.展开更多
Positive associations between alpine cushion plants and other species have been extensively studied.However,almost all studies have focused on the associations between macrofauna.Studies that have investigated positiv...Positive associations between alpine cushion plants and other species have been extensively studied.However,almost all studies have focused on the associations between macrofauna.Studies that have investigated positive associations between alpine cushion plants and rhizospheric microbes have been limited to the vegetation growing season.Here,we asked whether the positive effects that alpine cushion plants confer on rhizospheric microbe communities vary with seasons.We assessed seasonal variations in the bacterial diversity and composition in rhizosphere of two alpine cushion plants and surrounding bare ground by employing a high throughput sequencing method targeting the V3 region of bacterial 16 S rRNA genes.Soil properties of the rhizosphere and the bare ground were also examined.We found that cushion rhizospheres harbored significantly more C,N,S,ammonia nitrogen,and soil moisture than the bare ground.Soil properties in cushion rhizospheres were not notably different,except for soil pH.Bacterial diversities within the same microhabitats did not vary significantly with seasons.We concluded that alpine cushion plants had positive effects on the rhizospheric bacterial communities,even though the strength of the effect varied in different cushion species.Cushion species and the soil sulfur content were probably the major factors driving the spatial distribution and structure of soil bacterial communities in the alpine communities dominated by cushion plants.展开更多
Global research progress on coastal flooding was studied using a bibliometric evaluation of publications listed in the Web of Science extended scientific citation index. There was substantial growth in coastal floodin...Global research progress on coastal flooding was studied using a bibliometric evaluation of publications listed in the Web of Science extended scientific citation index. There was substantial growth in coastal flooding research output, with increasing publications, a higher collaboration index, and more references during the 1995–2016 period. The USA has taken a dominant position in coastal flooding research, with the US Geological Survey leading the publications ranking. Research collaborations at institutional scales have become more important than those at global scales. International collaborative publications consistently drew more citations than those from a single country. Furthermore, coastal flooding research included combinations of multi-disciplinary categories, including ‘Geology' and ‘Environmental Sciences & Ecology'. The most important coastal flooding research sites were wetlands and estuaries. While numerical modeling and 3 S(Remote sensing, RS; Geography information systems, GIS; Global positioning systems, GPS) technology were the most commonly used methods for studying coastal flooding, Lidar gained in popularity. The vulnerability and adaptation of coastal environments, their resilience after flooding, and ecosystem services function showed increases in interest.展开更多
Aquilaria sinensis(Thymelaeaceae)is widely cultivated in southern China for its significant medicinal usage.The resinous wood,the most used part of the plant as traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),locally called“Chen X...Aquilaria sinensis(Thymelaeaceae)is widely cultivated in southern China for its significant medicinal usage.The resinous wood,the most used part of the plant as traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),locally called“Chen Xiang(沉香)”or Chinese agarwood,has been traditionally used for the treatment of circulatory disorders,abdominal pain,vomiting,and dyspnea.Till date,over 249 compounds have been isolated and identified from this plant.A range of bioactivities,including α-glucosidase inhibitory effects,anti-inflammatory,cytotoxicity,neuroprotective,anti-neuroinflammatory,antimicrobial and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory effects,along with some of the pharmacological mechanisms have been reported for the pure compounds or extracts of Aquilaria sinensis.For the purpose of quality control and clinical safety of drug usage,modern analytical instruments and chemical analysis methods have been applied for analyses of Aquilaria sinensis.In order to comprehensively understand the medicinal application and to fully utilize the plant,a literature search on the herb based on databases including SciFinder,Web of Science,Pubmed,Google Scholar and others was performed and the information regarding to the phytochemistry investigations,pharmacological studies and quality control was summarized in this paper.展开更多
In this work, author evaluated past theories and perspectives behind the definitions of science and/or branches of science. Also some of the philosophers of science and their specific philosophical interests were expr...In this work, author evaluated past theories and perspectives behind the definitions of science and/or branches of science. Also some of the philosophers of science and their specific philosophical interests were expressed. Author considered some type of interactions between some disciplines to determine, to solve the philosophical/scientific problems and to define the possible solutions. The purposes of this article are： （i） to define new synthesis method, （ii） to define new perspective for the philosophy of science, （iii） to define relation between new philosophy perspective and philosophy of science, （iv） to define and organize name, number, relations, and correct structure between special science branches and philosophy of science, （v） to define necessary and sufficient number of branches for philosophy of science, （vi） to define and express the importance and place of new philosophy of science perspective in the new system, （vii） to extend the definition/limits of philosophy of science, （viii） to re-define meanings of some philosophical/scientific theories, （ix） to define systematic solution for the conflicts, problems, confusions about philosophy of science, sciences and branches of science, （x） to define new branches of science, （xi） to re-construct branches and hierarchy of science, （xii） to define new theories about science and branches of science. Author considered R-Synthesis as a method for the evaluation oftbe philosophy, philosophy of science, sciences and branches of science. This R-Synthesis includes evaluation of eight categories of general/specific perspective, 21-dimensions, and 12 general subjects （with related scope and contents） for the past 12,000 years. It is a kind of synthesis of science and non-science, physical science and non-physical science, religious science and non-religious science, and others. In this article, author defined 27 possible definitive/certain result cases for this new synthesis. Author defined the possible formation stages shortly to express new disciplines, new constructional and/or complementary theories. These theories are considered to define 21 major effective disciplines. New philosophy perspective is defined （R-Philosophy） shortly. New perspective and sub branches are defined for the philosophy of science. Major sciences are defined due to new basic philosophies. 42-basic components are defined for each science branch. New and/or re-constructed sciences, branches of science, basic sciences, and new hierarchy of science are defined with figure. Electromagnetic sciences, information sciences, and system sciences are defined specifically. Hybrid Sciences, New Era Science, and Ideal Scientific System are defined with general/specific figure. Relation between the some old branches and new branches of science was expressed generally due to new perspective of philosophy of science.展开更多
The exciting outcomes of national regional trials have led to production and industrialization of China oilseed rape to a larger extent. To understand current trends of yield and quality traits of new varieties, data ...The exciting outcomes of national regional trials have led to production and industrialization of China oilseed rape to a larger extent. To understand current trends of yield and quality traits of new varieties, data of national winter oilseed rape trials from 2001 to 2015 in 4 districts （upper, middle, lower Yangtze River and Huang-Huai River） was comprehensively analyzed. Results showed that average yield of new varieties of winter oilseed rape increased during the study period. In 2013, average yield of each district reached its highest level. Number of pod per plant reached its peak in 2011 and then declined rapidly in the next 4 years. Average number of seeds per pod did not signif-cantly changed in any districts. Moreover, 1,000 seeds weight increased most obviously in Huang-Huai River district. After 2007, new oilseed rape varieties encountered the dou-ble-low quality （i.e., low erucic acid and low glucosinolate）. In addition, oil content of new oilseed rape varieties increased over 15 years period and average oil content of all tested varieties during 2006-2015 was 42.96%, which was 2.38% higher than in 2005. Future breeding goals should be set to further improve yield, oil content, oil quality （such as high oleic acid and low saturated fatty acids）, achieve full mechanization of oilseed rape pro-duction process and develop ideotypes.展开更多
Photosynthetic products are mainly produced by leaf and green silique of oil-seed rape （Brassica napus L.） at reproductive growth stage. This study aimed to compare photosynthetic features of leaf and green silique ...Photosynthetic products are mainly produced by leaf and green silique of oil-seed rape （Brassica napus L.） at reproductive growth stage. This study aimed to compare photosynthetic features of leaf and green silique of ‘Qinyou 7’ hybrid oilseed rape variety. Results showed that, during photosynthetic day time, net photosynthetic rate （PN） and sto-matal conductance （gs） of leaf were markedly higher than that of silique. Compared with silique, leaf had signifcant higher PN, gs, light saturated net photosynthetic rate （PNmax）, light saturation point （LSP）, and apparent quantum yield （AQY）, but lower light compensa-tion point （LCP）, CO2 compensation point （Γ） and carboxylation effciency （CE） under var-ious light densities and CO2 concentrations. Carboxylation activities of ribulose-1, 5-bis-phosphate carboxylase/oxygenase （Rubisco）, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase （PEPC） and chlorophyll a, b （Chl a, b） of leaf were signifcantly higher than that of silique shell. Our study demonstrated that leaf of oilseed rape at reproductive growth stage had higher photosynthetic capacity than green silique due to its higher carboxylation activity of pho-tosynthetic enzymes as well as higher gs and Chl contents. This study might have good implication in selecting a biological control strategy to enhance seed yield and oil produc-tion of oilseed rape.展开更多
Politics adhere to the mass line; we should earnestly implement the mass line of the scientific method to the ideological and political work and adhere to the mass line. Above all, we should use the Marxist dialectica...Politics adhere to the mass line; we should earnestly implement the mass line of the scientific method to the ideological and political work and adhere to the mass line. Above all, we should use the Marxist dialectical materialism to guide practical work. Political work must be combined with the new practice; it should adhere to and constantly enrich and develop the principle of scientific method. Ideological and political education refers to the social or social group forming a certain ideology, political views and ethics, imposing purposeful, planned, organized influence on its members, so that they form a certain class or social group who need moral social practice. Ideological and political education is the study of people＇ s thinking, moral formation, and development patterns on people＇ s ideological and political education of the laws of science.展开更多
文摘以Science Citation Index Expanded数据库为数据源,引入CABI农业文摘数据库专家标引规范主题词,结合引文分析、期刊文献耦合分析方法,并借助科学知识图谱绘制方法与信息可视化技术,绘制作物科学主题知识图谱,以可视化的手段形象地揭示国际作物学科的知识结构及热点主题。提出了一套通过绘制作物学科主题图谱对学科热点主题进行分析的方法,不仅解决了数据集构建的难点问题,而且在作物学科主题结构及热点主题的识别中取得了理想的效果。展望未来,以此为突破口将学科知识图谱的先进理论与技术应用的范围拓展至更广泛的农业领域,将为农业领域的科研人员以及科技管理人员提供更好的参考与借鉴。
基金financial support provided by China Agriculture Research System of Construct Special (CARS-14-116)the National Natural Science Programs of China (31360315, 31460331)Fuxi Outstanding Talent Cultivation Plan of Gansu Agricultural University (Gaufx-02J05)
文摘A feld study was set up to compare dry matter accumulation and grain yield of 3 different types of flm mulching, namely FFC （full flm muched on tiny ridges covered with soil）, PFC （full flm muched covered with soil）, and PF （full flm muched with no cover）. The experiment was laid out in a complete random design with 3 replications at north-west （34°40′N, 105°06′E） of China. This study determined that （1） flm mulching treatment increased leaf area and dry matter accumulation of oil fax in semi-arid areas; （2） accu-mulation of dry matter under PFC treatment was markedly higher than other treatments except anthesis stage; （3） average grain yield of oil fax under flm mulching treatment was 52.67%-60.33% higher than fat plot without mulched or ridge （CK） treatment; （4） grain yield of oil fax was substantially correlated with plant height, grain number and 1,000 kernels weight. This study demonstrated that flm mulching has signifcant effects on crop grain yield improvement in the northwest of China.
基金supported by the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas(ICARDA)the Arid Regions Institute(IRA e Medenine,Tunisia)and the CGIAR Research Program on Livestock(CRP Livestock)
文摘Plants are important components of any rangeland.However,the importance of desert rangeland plant diversity has often been underestimated.It has been argued that desert rangelands of Tunisia in good ecological condition provide more services than those in poor ecological condition.This is because rangelands in good condition support a more diverse mixture of vegetation with many benefits,such as forage for livestock and medicinal plants.Nearly one-quarter of Tunisia,covering about 5.5 million hectares,are rangelands,of which 87% are located in the arid and desert areas(45% and 42%,respectively).Here,we provide a brief review of the floristic richness of desert rangelands of Tunisia.Approximately 135 species are specific to desert rangelands.The predominant families are Asteraceae,Poaceae,Brassicaceae,Chenopodiaceae,and Fabaceae.These represent approximately 50% of Tunisian desert flora.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2017YFC0505200,to Hang Sun)the Major Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31590823,to Hang Sun)+2 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDA20050203,to Hang Sun)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB15020302,to Jianqiang Su)the Yunnan Applied Basic Research Project(Grant No.2018FA015,to Yang Yang)
文摘Positive associations between alpine cushion plants and other species have been extensively studied.However,almost all studies have focused on the associations between macrofauna.Studies that have investigated positive associations between alpine cushion plants and rhizospheric microbes have been limited to the vegetation growing season.Here,we asked whether the positive effects that alpine cushion plants confer on rhizospheric microbe communities vary with seasons.We assessed seasonal variations in the bacterial diversity and composition in rhizosphere of two alpine cushion plants and surrounding bare ground by employing a high throughput sequencing method targeting the V3 region of bacterial 16 S rRNA genes.Soil properties of the rhizosphere and the bare ground were also examined.We found that cushion rhizospheres harbored significantly more C,N,S,ammonia nitrogen,and soil moisture than the bare ground.Soil properties in cushion rhizospheres were not notably different,except for soil pH.Bacterial diversities within the same microhabitats did not vary significantly with seasons.We concluded that alpine cushion plants had positive effects on the rhizospheric bacterial communities,even though the strength of the effect varied in different cushion species.Cushion species and the soil sulfur content were probably the major factors driving the spatial distribution and structure of soil bacterial communities in the alpine communities dominated by cushion plants.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41571018)
文摘Global research progress on coastal flooding was studied using a bibliometric evaluation of publications listed in the Web of Science extended scientific citation index. There was substantial growth in coastal flooding research output, with increasing publications, a higher collaboration index, and more references during the 1995–2016 period. The USA has taken a dominant position in coastal flooding research, with the US Geological Survey leading the publications ranking. Research collaborations at institutional scales have become more important than those at global scales. International collaborative publications consistently drew more citations than those from a single country. Furthermore, coastal flooding research included combinations of multi-disciplinary categories, including ‘Geology' and ‘Environmental Sciences & Ecology'. The most important coastal flooding research sites were wetlands and estuaries. While numerical modeling and 3 S(Remote sensing, RS; Geography information systems, GIS; Global positioning systems, GPS) technology were the most commonly used methods for studying coastal flooding, Lidar gained in popularity. The vulnerability and adaptation of coastal environments, their resilience after flooding, and ecosystem services function showed increases in interest.
基金support from the Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Hunan Province(201673)Hunan Province Universities 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Protection and Utilization of Hu-xiang Chinese Medicine Resources(HXZY-2015-005 and HXZY-2015-012)+1 种基金the State Key Subject of TCM Diagnostics in Hunan University of Chinese Medicine(2015ZYZD06)Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Dong Medicine(2015TP1020-02)
文摘Aquilaria sinensis(Thymelaeaceae)is widely cultivated in southern China for its significant medicinal usage.The resinous wood,the most used part of the plant as traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),locally called“Chen Xiang(沉香)”or Chinese agarwood,has been traditionally used for the treatment of circulatory disorders,abdominal pain,vomiting,and dyspnea.Till date,over 249 compounds have been isolated and identified from this plant.A range of bioactivities,including α-glucosidase inhibitory effects,anti-inflammatory,cytotoxicity,neuroprotective,anti-neuroinflammatory,antimicrobial and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory effects,along with some of the pharmacological mechanisms have been reported for the pure compounds or extracts of Aquilaria sinensis.For the purpose of quality control and clinical safety of drug usage,modern analytical instruments and chemical analysis methods have been applied for analyses of Aquilaria sinensis.In order to comprehensively understand the medicinal application and to fully utilize the plant,a literature search on the herb based on databases including SciFinder,Web of Science,Pubmed,Google Scholar and others was performed and the information regarding to the phytochemistry investigations,pharmacological studies and quality control was summarized in this paper.
文摘In this work, author evaluated past theories and perspectives behind the definitions of science and/or branches of science. Also some of the philosophers of science and their specific philosophical interests were expressed. Author considered some type of interactions between some disciplines to determine, to solve the philosophical/scientific problems and to define the possible solutions. The purposes of this article are： （i） to define new synthesis method, （ii） to define new perspective for the philosophy of science, （iii） to define relation between new philosophy perspective and philosophy of science, （iv） to define and organize name, number, relations, and correct structure between special science branches and philosophy of science, （v） to define necessary and sufficient number of branches for philosophy of science, （vi） to define and express the importance and place of new philosophy of science perspective in the new system, （vii） to extend the definition/limits of philosophy of science, （viii） to re-define meanings of some philosophical/scientific theories, （ix） to define systematic solution for the conflicts, problems, confusions about philosophy of science, sciences and branches of science, （x） to define new branches of science, （xi） to re-construct branches and hierarchy of science, （xii） to define new theories about science and branches of science. Author considered R-Synthesis as a method for the evaluation oftbe philosophy, philosophy of science, sciences and branches of science. This R-Synthesis includes evaluation of eight categories of general/specific perspective, 21-dimensions, and 12 general subjects （with related scope and contents） for the past 12,000 years. It is a kind of synthesis of science and non-science, physical science and non-physical science, religious science and non-religious science, and others. In this article, author defined 27 possible definitive/certain result cases for this new synthesis. Author defined the possible formation stages shortly to express new disciplines, new constructional and/or complementary theories. These theories are considered to define 21 major effective disciplines. New philosophy perspective is defined （R-Philosophy） shortly. New perspective and sub branches are defined for the philosophy of science. Major sciences are defined due to new basic philosophies. 42-basic components are defined for each science branch. New and/or re-constructed sciences, branches of science, basic sciences, and new hierarchy of science are defined with figure. Electromagnetic sciences, information sciences, and system sciences are defined specifically. Hybrid Sciences, New Era Science, and Ideal Scientific System are defined with general/specific figure. Relation between the some old branches and new branches of science was expressed generally due to new perspective of philosophy of science.
基金supported by National key R&D program(2017 YFD0102000)
文摘The exciting outcomes of national regional trials have led to production and industrialization of China oilseed rape to a larger extent. To understand current trends of yield and quality traits of new varieties, data of national winter oilseed rape trials from 2001 to 2015 in 4 districts （upper, middle, lower Yangtze River and Huang-Huai River） was comprehensively analyzed. Results showed that average yield of new varieties of winter oilseed rape increased during the study period. In 2013, average yield of each district reached its highest level. Number of pod per plant reached its peak in 2011 and then declined rapidly in the next 4 years. Average number of seeds per pod did not signif-cantly changed in any districts. Moreover, 1,000 seeds weight increased most obviously in Huang-Huai River district. After 2007, new oilseed rape varieties encountered the dou-ble-low quality （i.e., low erucic acid and low glucosinolate）. In addition, oil content of new oilseed rape varieties increased over 15 years period and average oil content of all tested varieties during 2006-2015 was 42.96%, which was 2.38% higher than in 2005. Future breeding goals should be set to further improve yield, oil content, oil quality （such as high oleic acid and low saturated fatty acids）, achieve full mechanization of oilseed rape pro-duction process and develop ideotypes.
基金supported by the Key R&D Program Project of Shaanxi Province,China(2018NY-025)the Key R&D Program Project of Shaanxi Province,China(2017ZDXM-NY-007)
文摘Photosynthetic products are mainly produced by leaf and green silique of oil-seed rape （Brassica napus L.） at reproductive growth stage. This study aimed to compare photosynthetic features of leaf and green silique of ‘Qinyou 7’ hybrid oilseed rape variety. Results showed that, during photosynthetic day time, net photosynthetic rate （PN） and sto-matal conductance （gs） of leaf were markedly higher than that of silique. Compared with silique, leaf had signifcant higher PN, gs, light saturated net photosynthetic rate （PNmax）, light saturation point （LSP）, and apparent quantum yield （AQY）, but lower light compensa-tion point （LCP）, CO2 compensation point （Γ） and carboxylation effciency （CE） under var-ious light densities and CO2 concentrations. Carboxylation activities of ribulose-1, 5-bis-phosphate carboxylase/oxygenase （Rubisco）, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase （PEPC） and chlorophyll a, b （Chl a, b） of leaf were signifcantly higher than that of silique shell. Our study demonstrated that leaf of oilseed rape at reproductive growth stage had higher photosynthetic capacity than green silique due to its higher carboxylation activity of pho-tosynthetic enzymes as well as higher gs and Chl contents. This study might have good implication in selecting a biological control strategy to enhance seed yield and oil produc-tion of oilseed rape.
文摘Politics adhere to the mass line; we should earnestly implement the mass line of the scientific method to the ideological and political work and adhere to the mass line. Above all, we should use the Marxist dialectical materialism to guide practical work. Political work must be combined with the new practice; it should adhere to and constantly enrich and develop the principle of scientific method. Ideological and political education refers to the social or social group forming a certain ideology, political views and ethics, imposing purposeful, planned, organized influence on its members, so that they form a certain class or social group who need moral social practice. Ideological and political education is the study of people＇ s thinking, moral formation, and development patterns on people＇ s ideological and political education of the laws of science.
