采用弱光以及偏低温与弱光互作对4个生态型的16个黄瓜品种进行苗期处理,结果表明:弱光、偏低温弱光均未显著影响到黄瓜的光合系统Ⅱ,但对黄瓜叶绿素荧光参数M峰以及荧光猝灭系数(qN)有影响,各生态型的反应不一。弱光与偏低温组合时,弱...采用弱光以及偏低温与弱光互作对4个生态型的16个黄瓜品种进行苗期处理,结果表明:弱光、偏低温弱光均未显著影响到黄瓜的光合系统Ⅱ,但对黄瓜叶绿素荧光参数M峰以及荧光猝灭系数(qN)有影响,各生态型的反应不一。弱光与偏低温组合时,弱光对黄瓜的影响处于主导地位。弱光(60~80μm o lm-2.-s 1)、偏低温(20℃/12℃)弱光胁迫下不同黄瓜的叶面积增长量与其已知的低温弱光耐性一致。与各项生理指标相比,叶面积更适宜作低温弱光耐受性的评价指标,以子叶展开时进行弱光处理为最佳。展开更多
The TiN films were deposited on 316 L stainless steel substrates at low temperature by arc ion plating. The influences of substrate bias voltage and temperature on microstructure, residual stress and mechanical proper...The TiN films were deposited on 316 L stainless steel substrates at low temperature by arc ion plating. The influences of substrate bias voltage and temperature on microstructure, residual stress and mechanical properties of the films were investigated by EDS, SEM, XRD and nanoindenter tester, respectively. The results showed that the TiN films were highly oriented in（111） orientation with a face-centered cubic structure. With the increase of substrate bias voltage and temperature, the diffraction peak intensity increased sharply with simultaneous peak narrowing, and the small grain sizes increased from 6.2 to 13.8 nm. As the substrate temperature increased from 10 to 300℃, the residual compressive stress decreased sharply from 10.2 to 7.7 GPa, which caused the hardness to decrease from 33.1 to 30.6 GPa, while the adhesion strength increased sharply from 9.6 to 21 N.展开更多
The present work is focused on the relationship between effective segregation coefficient keff and tem- perature of melting zone for purification of phosphorus by zone melting method. Values of keff at four temperatur...The present work is focused on the relationship between effective segregation coefficient keff and tem- perature of melting zone for purification of phosphorus by zone melting method. Values of keff at four temperatures of melting zone are obtained for zone pass n = 1 at travel velocity of molten zone v = 5x 10^-3 m. h^-1 and initial impu- rity concentration C0〈10 μg.g-1, lnkeff is a linear function of 1/T. The keff values of A1, Ca, Cr, Fe, Cd and Sb in- crease with temperatures while that of Mg is almost constant. The purification is acceptable at lower temperature of melting zone such as 323 K. The variations of enthalpy and entropy between impurities and phosphorus in the liq- uid and solid ohases are also 19resented.展开更多
To investigate the role of a single shield on steady temperature measurement using therrnocouples in hot air flow, a methodology for solving convection, conduction, and radiation in one single model is provided. In or...To investigate the role of a single shield on steady temperature measurement using therrnocouples in hot air flow, a methodology for solving convection, conduction, and radiation in one single model is provided. In order to compare with the experimental results, a cylindrical computational domain is established, which is the same size with the hot calibration wind-tannel. In the computational domain, two kinds of thermocouples, the bare-bead and the single-shielded thermocouples, are simulated respectively. Surface temperature distribution and the tempera- ture measurement bias of the two typical thermocouples are compared. The simulation results indicate that： 1） The existence of the shield reduces bead surface heat flux and changes the direction of wires inner heat conduction in a colder surrounding; 2） The existence of the shield reduces the temperature measurement bias both by improving bead surface temperature and by reducing surface temperature gradient; 3） The shield effectively reduces the effect of the ambient temperature on the temperature measurement bias; 4） The shield effectively reduces the influence of airflow velocity on the temperature measurement bias.展开更多
Accurate information on the thermal preference and specialization of species is needed to understand and predict spe- cies geographical range size and vulnerability to climate change. Here we estimate the position and...Accurate information on the thermal preference and specialization of species is needed to understand and predict spe- cies geographical range size and vulnerability to climate change. Here we estimate the position and breadth of species within thermal gradients based on the shape of the response curve of species abundance to temperature. The objective of the study is to compare the measurements of this approach based on abundance data with those of the classical approach using species＇ occur- rence data. The relationship between species＇ relative abundance and minimum winter temperature of 106 bird species wintering in the Iberian Peninsula is modeled at 100 Km2 resolution with quadratic logistic regressions. From these models we calculated the preferred temperature of species as the temperature at which the abundance is maximized, and the thermal breadth of species as the relative area under the temperature-abundance curve. We also estimated the thermal preferences and breadth of species as the average temperature and temperature range of the UTM cells in which the species are present. The abundance-temperature response curves reveal that birds prefer higher temperatures to overwinter, and are more thermally selective, than is measured by the classical approach. Moreover, response curves detect a higher inter-specific variability in both thermal preferences and ther- mal breadth of species. As occurrence data gives the same weight to cells with one or many individuals, the average temperature of the cells in which the species is present roughly reflects the average temperature in the region of study and not the environ- mental preferences of species .展开更多
文摘采用弱光以及偏低温与弱光互作对4个生态型的16个黄瓜品种进行苗期处理,结果表明:弱光、偏低温弱光均未显著影响到黄瓜的光合系统Ⅱ,但对黄瓜叶绿素荧光参数M峰以及荧光猝灭系数(qN)有影响,各生态型的反应不一。弱光与偏低温组合时,弱光对黄瓜的影响处于主导地位。弱光(60~80μm o lm-2.-s 1)、偏低温(20℃/12℃)弱光胁迫下不同黄瓜的叶面积增长量与其已知的低温弱光耐性一致。与各项生理指标相比,叶面积更适宜作低温弱光耐受性的评价指标,以子叶展开时进行弱光处理为最佳。
基金Projects(51401128,51275095) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(SKLRS-2013-MS-03) supported by the Open Fund from the State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System,China
文摘The TiN films were deposited on 316 L stainless steel substrates at low temperature by arc ion plating. The influences of substrate bias voltage and temperature on microstructure, residual stress and mechanical properties of the films were investigated by EDS, SEM, XRD and nanoindenter tester, respectively. The results showed that the TiN films were highly oriented in（111） orientation with a face-centered cubic structure. With the increase of substrate bias voltage and temperature, the diffraction peak intensity increased sharply with simultaneous peak narrowing, and the small grain sizes increased from 6.2 to 13.8 nm. As the substrate temperature increased from 10 to 300℃, the residual compressive stress decreased sharply from 10.2 to 7.7 GPa, which caused the hardness to decrease from 33.1 to 30.6 GPa, while the adhesion strength increased sharply from 9.6 to 21 N.
文摘The present work is focused on the relationship between effective segregation coefficient keff and tem- perature of melting zone for purification of phosphorus by zone melting method. Values of keff at four temperatures of melting zone are obtained for zone pass n = 1 at travel velocity of molten zone v = 5x 10^-3 m. h^-1 and initial impu- rity concentration C0〈10 μg.g-1, lnkeff is a linear function of 1/T. The keff values of A1, Ca, Cr, Fe, Cd and Sb in- crease with temperatures while that of Mg is almost constant. The purification is acceptable at lower temperature of melting zone such as 323 K. The variations of enthalpy and entropy between impurities and phosphorus in the liq- uid and solid ohases are also 19resented.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51776011)
文摘To investigate the role of a single shield on steady temperature measurement using therrnocouples in hot air flow, a methodology for solving convection, conduction, and radiation in one single model is provided. In order to compare with the experimental results, a cylindrical computational domain is established, which is the same size with the hot calibration wind-tannel. In the computational domain, two kinds of thermocouples, the bare-bead and the single-shielded thermocouples, are simulated respectively. Surface temperature distribution and the tempera- ture measurement bias of the two typical thermocouples are compared. The simulation results indicate that： 1） The existence of the shield reduces bead surface heat flux and changes the direction of wires inner heat conduction in a colder surrounding; 2） The existence of the shield reduces the temperature measurement bias both by improving bead surface temperature and by reducing surface temperature gradient; 3） The shield effectively reduces the effect of the ambient temperature on the temperature measurement bias; 4） The shield effectively reduces the influence of airflow velocity on the temperature measurement bias.
文摘Accurate information on the thermal preference and specialization of species is needed to understand and predict spe- cies geographical range size and vulnerability to climate change. Here we estimate the position and breadth of species within thermal gradients based on the shape of the response curve of species abundance to temperature. The objective of the study is to compare the measurements of this approach based on abundance data with those of the classical approach using species＇ occur- rence data. The relationship between species＇ relative abundance and minimum winter temperature of 106 bird species wintering in the Iberian Peninsula is modeled at 100 Km2 resolution with quadratic logistic regressions. From these models we calculated the preferred temperature of species as the temperature at which the abundance is maximized, and the thermal breadth of species as the relative area under the temperature-abundance curve. We also estimated the thermal preferences and breadth of species as the average temperature and temperature range of the UTM cells in which the species are present. The abundance-temperature response curves reveal that birds prefer higher temperatures to overwinter, and are more thermally selective, than is measured by the classical approach. Moreover, response curves detect a higher inter-specific variability in both thermal preferences and ther- mal breadth of species. As occurrence data gives the same weight to cells with one or many individuals, the average temperature of the cells in which the species is present roughly reflects the average temperature in the region of study and not the environ- mental preferences of species .
