OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical characteristics of melanosis of the colon （MC） and its correlation with polypus and carcinoma of the large intestine. METHODS Clinical feature and colonoscopic findings of 156 M...OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical characteristics of melanosis of the colon （MC） and its correlation with polypus and carcinoma of the large intestine. METHODS Clinical feature and colonoscopic findings of 156 MC patients were retrospectively analyzed. Final diagnosis of MC case was made after colonoscopic and pathological examination, and data of the case history was recorded. RESULTS The overall detection rate of MC was 1.12%, with 0.46% in males, 0.66% in females. An 82.69% of the patients suffered various constipations and had a history of taking cathartics. The clinical manifestation of total-colon melanosis occurred in 83.97% of the patients. There was no significant difference between the rate of concomitant polypus （27.56%） in the MC patients and the detection rate of polypus in the patients who underwent a synchronous colonoscopy （χ^2 = 1.205, P = 0.298）. Also there was no significant difference between the detection rate of carcinoma of the large intestine （8.97%） in MC patients and the detection rate of the same disease in the patients who underwent synchronous colonoscopy （χ^2 = 0.268, P = 0.604）. A logistic regression analysis has shown that the older the age of MC patients is, the more opportunities of MC and the concomitant polypus would occur. CONCLUSION MC may be related to constipations and a long-term administration of cathartics, among which total-colon melanosis ranks first in the cases. There is an earlier age of onset in the females, with a higher detection rate. The older the age of the patients is, the higher the detection rate of MC is, and the more possibility the onset of the concomitant polypus.展开更多
Across all Russia global climate change is observed. Consequences of climatic changes, undoubtedly, will be reflected in distribution of harmful organisms, their injuriousness and will demand development of new approa...Across all Russia global climate change is observed. Consequences of climatic changes, undoubtedly, will be reflected in distribution of harmful organisms, their injuriousness and will demand development of new approaches in plant protection. Over the last 10 years, the spread of cereal crop diseases in the Northwest Russia has been monitored. The purpose of researches is to find new diseases in the Northwest region of Russia. Disease progression was mainly monitored 3 or 4 times during the growing season, from germination to crop maturity. As a result in this region the new diseases were found. In 2005-2007 the causal agent of yellow leaf spot Pyrenophora tritici-repentis was found on wheat. Fusarium graminearum historically has two areas in Russia： the North Caucasus and the Far East. However, since 2003 F. graminearum appeared on the territory of the North-West of Russia. Septoria tritici became the main pathogen of wheat in the North-Western Region.. In 2013 Ramularia collo-cygni was found in Arkhangelsk region. These observations suggest that global warming of climate leads to an expansion south species pathogen to the north regions of Russia.展开更多
Objective To explore the safety and efficacy of frameless stereotactic brain biopsy.Methods Diagnostic accuracy was calculated by comparing biopsy diagnosis with definitive pathology in 62 patients who underwent frame...Objective To explore the safety and efficacy of frameless stereotactic brain biopsy.Methods Diagnostic accuracy was calculated by comparing biopsy diagnosis with definitive pathology in 62 patients who underwent frameless stereotactic brain biopsy between January 2008 and December 2010 in Xiamen University Southeast Hospital.Preoperative characteristics and histological diagnosis were reviewed and then information was analysed to identify factors associated with the biopsy not yielding a diagnosis and complications.Results Diagnostic yield was 93.5%.No differences were found between pathological diagnosis and frozen pathological diagnosis.The most common lesions were astrocytic lesions,included 16 cases of low-grade glioma and 12 cases of malignant glioma.Remote hemorrhage,metastasis,and lymphoma were following in incidence.Multiple brain lesions were found in 17 cases (27.4%).Eleven cases were frontal lesions (17.7%),8 were frontotemporal (12.9%),6 were frontoparietal (9.7%),and 5 each were temporal,parietal,and parietotemporal lesions (8.1%).Postoperative complications occurred in 21.0% of the patients after biopsies,including 10 haemorrhages (16.1%) and 3 temporary neurological deficits (1 epilepsy,1 headache,and 1 partial hemiparesis).No patient required operation for hematoma evacuation.Conclusion Frameless stereotactic biopsy is an effective and safe technique for histologic diagnosis of brain lesions,particularly for multifocal and frontal lesions.展开更多
The majority of livestock in the rural areas of Africa are indigenous types that are not well defined as breeds as perceived by the developed world. The animals in this important sector have remained largely uncharact...The majority of livestock in the rural areas of Africa are indigenous types that are not well defined as breeds as perceived by the developed world. The animals in this important sector have remained largely uncharacterised and face the risk of genetic dilution due to indiscriminate crossbreeding, breed replacement and neglect. This article uses two examples to describe a system that has been implemented in South Africa that allows indigenous livestock from rural keepers to enter the seed stock industry as recognized breeds. The first example is the indigenous Nguni breed of cattle that has been successfully developed into a seed stock breed, with a society celebrating its 25th anniversary in November 2011. The second example involves the challenges of developing a seed stock industry for some of the unimproved indigenous goat breeds of South Africa. Climate change is expected to have a more extreme effect on southern hemisphere continents than on other continents. Such negative effects will include high ambient temperatures, nutritional stress and altered patterns of animal diseases. With the likelihood of global warming, these adapted genotypes can play a very important role in sustainable livestock production.展开更多
Influenza A virus poses a great threat to global health, and oseltamivir (trade marked as Tamiflu), which targets influenza surface glycoprotein neuraminidase (NA), is used clinically as a major anti-influenza treatme...Influenza A virus poses a great threat to global health, and oseltamivir (trade marked as Tamiflu), which targets influenza surface glycoprotein neuraminidase (NA), is used clinically as a major anti-influenza treatment. However, certain substitutions in NA can render an influenza virus resistant to this drug. In this study, using a lentiviral pseudotyping system, which alleviates the safety concerns of studying highly pathogenic influenza viruses such as avian influenza H5N1, that utilizes influenza surface glycoproteins (hemagglutinin or HA, and NA) and an HIV-core combined with a luciferase reporter gene as a surrogate assay, we first assessed the functionality of NA by measuring pseudovirion release in the absence or presence of oseltamivir. We demonstrated that oseltamivir displays a dose-dependent inhibition on NA activity. In contrast, a mutant NA (H274Y) is more resistant to oseltamivir treatment. In addition, the effects of several previously reported substitution NA mutants were examined as well. Our results demonstrate that this lentivirus-based pseudotyping system provides a quick, safe, and effective way to assess resistance to neuraminidase inhibitors. And we believe that as new mutations appear in influenza isolates, their impact on the effectiveness of current and future anti-NA can be quickly and reliably evaluated by this assay.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of puerarin injection in the treatment of diabeticperi pheral neuropathy(DPN).METHODS: Randomized controlled trials investigating the efficacy of ...OBJECTIVE: To systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of puerarin injection in the treatment of diabeticperi pheral neuropathy(DPN).METHODS: Randomized controlled trials investigating the efficacy of puerarin injection on DPN were searched for in China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, Chinese Scientific Journals Database, Wanfang Database, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, PubMed, and Cochrane Library from establishment to April 30.Two reviewers independently retrieved and extracted the information.The included studies were assessed by the Cochrane risk of bias and analyzed by Review Manager 5.2 software.RESULTS: Twenty-two studies involving 1664 participants were included. The quality of the studies was found to be relatively low. Meta-analysis showed that puerarin injection combined with western medication was more effective than conventional therapy for rate, nerve conduction velocity(NCV), and hemorheology index. Six adverse drug reactions(ADRs) from puerarin injection were reported in two studies. Reactions included facial flushing, palpitations, and pain at infusion locations. However,noserious ADRs were reported.CONCLUSION: Puerarin injection was effective for the treatment of DPN. Puerarin can improve the total effective rate, correct NCV that was decreased by diabetes, and improve the hemorheology index.Puerarin was also relatively safe clinically. However,since the articles included in the study were not high-quality, more studies should be conducted to strengthen their findings.展开更多
Global change,which refers to large-scale changes in the earth system and human society,has been changing the outbreak and transmission mode of many infectious diseases.Climate change affects infectious diseases direc...Global change,which refers to large-scale changes in the earth system and human society,has been changing the outbreak and transmission mode of many infectious diseases.Climate change affects infectious diseases directly and indirectly.Meteorological factors including temperature,precipitation,humidity and radiation influence infectious disease by modulating pathogen,host and transmission pathways.Meteorological disasters such as droughts and floods directly impact the outbreak and transmission of infectious diseases.Climate change indirectly impacts infectious diseases by altering the ecological system,including its underlying surface and vegetation distribution.In addition,anthropogenic activities are a driving force for climate change and an indirect forcing of infectious disease transmission.International travel and rural-urban migration are a root cause of infectious disease transmission.Rapid urbanization along with poor infrastructure and high disease risk in the rural-urban fringe has been changing the pattern of disease outbreaks and mortality.Land use changes,such as agricultural expansion and deforestation,have already changed the transmission of infectious disease.Accelerated air,road and rail transportation development may not only increase the transmission speed of outbreaks,but also enlarge the scope of transmission area.In addition,more frequent trade and other economic activities will also increase the potential risks of disease outbreaks and facilitate the spread of infectious diseases.展开更多
文摘OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical characteristics of melanosis of the colon （MC） and its correlation with polypus and carcinoma of the large intestine. METHODS Clinical feature and colonoscopic findings of 156 MC patients were retrospectively analyzed. Final diagnosis of MC case was made after colonoscopic and pathological examination, and data of the case history was recorded. RESULTS The overall detection rate of MC was 1.12%, with 0.46% in males, 0.66% in females. An 82.69% of the patients suffered various constipations and had a history of taking cathartics. The clinical manifestation of total-colon melanosis occurred in 83.97% of the patients. There was no significant difference between the rate of concomitant polypus （27.56%） in the MC patients and the detection rate of polypus in the patients who underwent a synchronous colonoscopy （χ^2 = 1.205, P = 0.298）. Also there was no significant difference between the detection rate of carcinoma of the large intestine （8.97%） in MC patients and the detection rate of the same disease in the patients who underwent synchronous colonoscopy （χ^2 = 0.268, P = 0.604）. A logistic regression analysis has shown that the older the age of MC patients is, the more opportunities of MC and the concomitant polypus would occur. CONCLUSION MC may be related to constipations and a long-term administration of cathartics, among which total-colon melanosis ranks first in the cases. There is an earlier age of onset in the females, with a higher detection rate. The older the age of the patients is, the higher the detection rate of MC is, and the more possibility the onset of the concomitant polypus.
文摘Across all Russia global climate change is observed. Consequences of climatic changes, undoubtedly, will be reflected in distribution of harmful organisms, their injuriousness and will demand development of new approaches in plant protection. Over the last 10 years, the spread of cereal crop diseases in the Northwest Russia has been monitored. The purpose of researches is to find new diseases in the Northwest region of Russia. Disease progression was mainly monitored 3 or 4 times during the growing season, from germination to crop maturity. As a result in this region the new diseases were found. In 2005-2007 the causal agent of yellow leaf spot Pyrenophora tritici-repentis was found on wheat. Fusarium graminearum historically has two areas in Russia： the North Caucasus and the Far East. However, since 2003 F. graminearum appeared on the territory of the North-West of Russia. Septoria tritici became the main pathogen of wheat in the North-Western Region.. In 2013 Ramularia collo-cygni was found in Arkhangelsk region. These observations suggest that global warming of climate leads to an expansion south species pathogen to the north regions of Russia.
文摘Objective To explore the safety and efficacy of frameless stereotactic brain biopsy.Methods Diagnostic accuracy was calculated by comparing biopsy diagnosis with definitive pathology in 62 patients who underwent frameless stereotactic brain biopsy between January 2008 and December 2010 in Xiamen University Southeast Hospital.Preoperative characteristics and histological diagnosis were reviewed and then information was analysed to identify factors associated with the biopsy not yielding a diagnosis and complications.Results Diagnostic yield was 93.5%.No differences were found between pathological diagnosis and frozen pathological diagnosis.The most common lesions were astrocytic lesions,included 16 cases of low-grade glioma and 12 cases of malignant glioma.Remote hemorrhage,metastasis,and lymphoma were following in incidence.Multiple brain lesions were found in 17 cases (27.4%).Eleven cases were frontal lesions (17.7%),8 were frontotemporal (12.9%),6 were frontoparietal (9.7%),and 5 each were temporal,parietal,and parietotemporal lesions (8.1%).Postoperative complications occurred in 21.0% of the patients after biopsies,including 10 haemorrhages (16.1%) and 3 temporary neurological deficits (1 epilepsy,1 headache,and 1 partial hemiparesis).No patient required operation for hematoma evacuation.Conclusion Frameless stereotactic biopsy is an effective and safe technique for histologic diagnosis of brain lesions,particularly for multifocal and frontal lesions.
文摘The majority of livestock in the rural areas of Africa are indigenous types that are not well defined as breeds as perceived by the developed world. The animals in this important sector have remained largely uncharacterised and face the risk of genetic dilution due to indiscriminate crossbreeding, breed replacement and neglect. This article uses two examples to describe a system that has been implemented in South Africa that allows indigenous livestock from rural keepers to enter the seed stock industry as recognized breeds. The first example is the indigenous Nguni breed of cattle that has been successfully developed into a seed stock breed, with a society celebrating its 25th anniversary in November 2011. The second example involves the challenges of developing a seed stock industry for some of the unimproved indigenous goat breeds of South Africa. Climate change is expected to have a more extreme effect on southern hemisphere continents than on other continents. Such negative effects will include high ambient temperatures, nutritional stress and altered patterns of animal diseases. With the likelihood of global warming, these adapted genotypes can play a very important role in sustainable livestock production.
文摘Influenza A virus poses a great threat to global health, and oseltamivir (trade marked as Tamiflu), which targets influenza surface glycoprotein neuraminidase (NA), is used clinically as a major anti-influenza treatment. However, certain substitutions in NA can render an influenza virus resistant to this drug. In this study, using a lentiviral pseudotyping system, which alleviates the safety concerns of studying highly pathogenic influenza viruses such as avian influenza H5N1, that utilizes influenza surface glycoproteins (hemagglutinin or HA, and NA) and an HIV-core combined with a luciferase reporter gene as a surrogate assay, we first assessed the functionality of NA by measuring pseudovirion release in the absence or presence of oseltamivir. We demonstrated that oseltamivir displays a dose-dependent inhibition on NA activity. In contrast, a mutant NA (H274Y) is more resistant to oseltamivir treatment. In addition, the effects of several previously reported substitution NA mutants were examined as well. Our results demonstrate that this lentivirus-based pseudotyping system provides a quick, safe, and effective way to assess resistance to neuraminidase inhibitors. And we believe that as new mutations appear in influenza isolates, their impact on the effectiveness of current and future anti-NA can be quickly and reliably evaluated by this assay.
基金Supported by Detection Technology Procedures and Normative Research of Priority Species of TCM of National Science and Technology Support Program(No.2006BAI21B11)Scientific Research Innovation Team Project of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine(No.2011-CXTD-14)Postgraduate Independent Topics(No.2014-JYBZZ-XS-078)
文摘OBJECTIVE: To systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of puerarin injection in the treatment of diabeticperi pheral neuropathy(DPN).METHODS: Randomized controlled trials investigating the efficacy of puerarin injection on DPN were searched for in China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, Chinese Scientific Journals Database, Wanfang Database, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, PubMed, and Cochrane Library from establishment to April 30.Two reviewers independently retrieved and extracted the information.The included studies were assessed by the Cochrane risk of bias and analyzed by Review Manager 5.2 software.RESULTS: Twenty-two studies involving 1664 participants were included. The quality of the studies was found to be relatively low. Meta-analysis showed that puerarin injection combined with western medication was more effective than conventional therapy for rate, nerve conduction velocity(NCV), and hemorheology index. Six adverse drug reactions(ADRs) from puerarin injection were reported in two studies. Reactions included facial flushing, palpitations, and pain at infusion locations. However,noserious ADRs were reported.CONCLUSION: Puerarin injection was effective for the treatment of DPN. Puerarin can improve the total effective rate, correct NCV that was decreased by diabetes, and improve the hemorheology index.Puerarin was also relatively safe clinically. However,since the articles included in the study were not high-quality, more studies should be conducted to strengthen their findings.
基金supported by the National Research Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology,China(Grant Nos.2010CB530300,2012CB955501,2013AA122003&2012AA12A407)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41271099)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2012M510344)
文摘Global change,which refers to large-scale changes in the earth system and human society,has been changing the outbreak and transmission mode of many infectious diseases.Climate change affects infectious diseases directly and indirectly.Meteorological factors including temperature,precipitation,humidity and radiation influence infectious disease by modulating pathogen,host and transmission pathways.Meteorological disasters such as droughts and floods directly impact the outbreak and transmission of infectious diseases.Climate change indirectly impacts infectious diseases by altering the ecological system,including its underlying surface and vegetation distribution.In addition,anthropogenic activities are a driving force for climate change and an indirect forcing of infectious disease transmission.International travel and rural-urban migration are a root cause of infectious disease transmission.Rapid urbanization along with poor infrastructure and high disease risk in the rural-urban fringe has been changing the pattern of disease outbreaks and mortality.Land use changes,such as agricultural expansion and deforestation,have already changed the transmission of infectious disease.Accelerated air,road and rail transportation development may not only increase the transmission speed of outbreaks,but also enlarge the scope of transmission area.In addition,more frequent trade and other economic activities will also increase the potential risks of disease outbreaks and facilitate the spread of infectious diseases.
