The Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System(GIAHS)has been established by FAO to protect valuable agricultural systems that are rich in biodiversity and home to indigenous knowledge,technology and cultural val...The Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System(GIAHS)has been established by FAO to protect valuable agricultural systems that are rich in biodiversity and home to indigenous knowledge,technology and cultural values.GIAHS has been accepted by many countries as a tool to maintain traditional agrosystems as“living heritage”.This paper examined the Xinghua Duotian agrosystem in eastern China to explore whether the GIAHS programme is an effective instrument for top-down implementation of conservation policies initiated by the government.An intensive social survey using a questionnaire was conducted in the core conservation area to examine farmers’understanding of the agrosystem and their willingness to conserve it.Statistical analyses including factor analysis,a linear model,a logit model and an optimal scale model were used to reveal farmers’perception of GIAHS and the factors that impact their willingness to conserve.Results show that the agrosystem faces challenges of aging and population loss.Farmers were not very familiar with GIAHS.They did not link GIAHS to the agrosystem because they generally understood GIAHS as a title meant to bring economic benefits,although they also thought the agrosystem had non-economic values worth conserving.Because farmers were not sure about the economic outcomes of the GIAHS programme,they thought the government,not them,should take the main role in conservation.Therefore,GIAHS as a tool to encourage farmers to become active in conservation does not seem very effective.It will not become so until it truly facilitates the transformation of non-economic values to economic values in the agrosystem.We suggested that the concepts of GIAHS should be matched to farmers’perceptions to provide farmers with conservation incentives.展开更多
In order to better understand the developmental conditions and trends of the biodiversity at agricultural heritage sites,the structure and function of the ecosystem and ecological environment in Qingtian Rice-Fish Cul...In order to better understand the developmental conditions and trends of the biodiversity at agricultural heritage sites,the structure and function of the ecosystem and ecological environment in Qingtian Rice-Fish Culture System is examined in the decade since the implementation of the GIAHS project.Through the collection of historical data and sample-plot survey,this study collates the data from 2005 to 2013 related to the heritage site to evaluate the ecological benefit of the Agricultural Heritage System conservation.The results show that:(1)Since the implementation of heritage conservation,the variety of traditional rice grown at the heritage sites basically remains stable,the varieties of other crops basically remain unchanged and the varieties of fruit trees and medicinal plants have developed at faster rates.As the ecological environment at the heritage sites gradually improved,the species and richness of the biodiversity in the ecosystem have increased,especially the increasing growth of egrets and boars.(2)From 2005 to 2013 in the Fangshan Town of Qingtian County,the ecosystem areas identified as river,forest,urban and bare land have increased.The increased area of the urban ecosystem is the largest one of them,which is up to 20.30 ha;while the area of the forest ecosystem has increased to 7.29 ha.The areas of wetland,reservoir,farmland and grassland have been reduced,and the area of grassland ecosystem has been reduced the most with a reduction of 28.87 ha.From the changes in the values of the ecosystem services of different ecosystem types,the values of forest ecosystem services have achieved the most growth,reaching up to 92000 yuan yr-1 and the growth of the river and bare land ecosystem service values are not obvious.(3)Over nearly a decade,the soil nutrients and the water quality of rice fields at the heritage site have not obviously changed and the plant diseases and insect pests in the rice fields have not been aggravated.The monitoring indexes are far better than the standard values.With the great support of the local government,the production and living conditions and the living environments of farmers in the villages of the heritage sites have been greatly improved through road reconstruction,water improvement,toilet enhancements and the greening,brightness and beautification of the villages.展开更多
Worldwide specific agricultural systems and landscapes have been created, shaped and maintained by generations of farmers and herders based on diverse natural resources using locally adapted management practices. Buil...Worldwide specific agricultural systems and landscapes have been created, shaped and maintained by generations of farmers and herders based on diverse natural resources using locally adapted management practices. Building on local knowledge and experience these ingenious agricultural systems reflect the evolution of humankind, the diversity of its knowledge and its profound relationship with nature. These systems have resulted not only in outstanding landscapes maintenance and adaptation of globally significant agricultural biodiversity indigenous knowledge systems and resilient ecosystems, but above all, in the sustained provision of multiple goods and services, food and livelihood security and quality of life. However, many of these systems are facing severe threats from various sources including globalization. In 2002 FAO initiated an international partnership initiative： ＂conservation and adaptive management of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems （GIAHS）＂. The global GIAHS initiative aims to establish the basis for the international recognition, dynamic conservation and sustainable management of such systems, agricultural biodiversity and their associated biodiversity knowledge systems, food and livelihood security, landscapes and cultures.展开更多
Rural heritage that involves agricultural heritage could be critical to enhancing community identity through a conservational approach.The purpose of this research is to develop conservational methods for rural herita...Rural heritage that involves agricultural heritage could be critical to enhancing community identity through a conservational approach.The purpose of this research is to develop conservational methods for rural heritage that include agricultural heritage areas through the use of ecomuseums.To conduct the research,we first reviewed the concepts of ecomuseum and rural heritage.Secondly,we defined the concept of the Korean rural ecomuseum by taking into consideration the concept defined by Riviere,Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems（GIAHS）,the rural heritage policy of Europe,and the agricultural heritage systems of Korea.Thirdly,we also describe methods that are applicable to Korean rural ecomuseums,which include type classification and components.Finally,we applied the ecomuseum concept to two pilot models in the Cheongsando and Gurae areas,both Korea Important Agricultural Heritage System（KIAHS） sites.We conclude that it is desirable to expand the range of targets for conservation from agricultural heritage to rural heritage areas.From this point of view,the rural ecomuseum can be a highly valuable tool that can help preserve agricultural heritage sites and neighboring areas.Furthermore,the ecomuseum can enhance community identities,and strengthen local economies.展开更多
Agricultural heritage has potential significance far beyond its common representation as the ＂traditional＂ system of ＂traditional peoples＂.The U.N.Food and Agricultural Organization＇s Globally Important Agricultu...Agricultural heritage has potential significance far beyond its common representation as the ＂traditional＂ system of ＂traditional peoples＂.The U.N.Food and Agricultural Organization＇s Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems（GIAHS） program is an important designation that treats heritage agro-ecosystems as living systems,rather than cultural relics.In order for the GIAHS designation to achieve its full potential,however,the role of human knowledge within the continuous cultural and ecological evolution of GIAHS requires much closer examination and appreciation.This paper explores the limits of contemporary nature and cultural conservation,and draws on a coevolutionary theoretical framework in order to better conceptualize the dynamism of such complex agro-ecological systems.In such a view,GIAHS can be seen as evolving systems of sustainable agriculture of great potentail relevance to contemporary society-environment challenges,rather than as relics of the past.展开更多
基金The National Key Research and Development Plan of China(2017YFC0506404)Xinghua Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau(Evaluation of the economic,ecological and cultural values of the Xinghua Duotian agrosystem)
文摘The Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System(GIAHS)has been established by FAO to protect valuable agricultural systems that are rich in biodiversity and home to indigenous knowledge,technology and cultural values.GIAHS has been accepted by many countries as a tool to maintain traditional agrosystems as“living heritage”.This paper examined the Xinghua Duotian agrosystem in eastern China to explore whether the GIAHS programme is an effective instrument for top-down implementation of conservation policies initiated by the government.An intensive social survey using a questionnaire was conducted in the core conservation area to examine farmers’understanding of the agrosystem and their willingness to conserve it.Statistical analyses including factor analysis,a linear model,a logit model and an optimal scale model were used to reveal farmers’perception of GIAHS and the factors that impact their willingness to conserve.Results show that the agrosystem faces challenges of aging and population loss.Farmers were not very familiar with GIAHS.They did not link GIAHS to the agrosystem because they generally understood GIAHS as a title meant to bring economic benefits,although they also thought the agrosystem had non-economic values worth conserving.Because farmers were not sure about the economic outcomes of the GIAHS programme,they thought the government,not them,should take the main role in conservation.Therefore,GIAHS as a tool to encourage farmers to become active in conservation does not seem very effective.It will not become so until it truly facilitates the transformation of non-economic values to economic values in the agrosystem.We suggested that the concepts of GIAHS should be matched to farmers’perceptions to provide farmers with conservation incentives.
基金The Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry of Chinese Academy of Forestry (RISFZ-2016-15)The National Natural Science Foundation of China (41801204)。
文摘In order to better understand the developmental conditions and trends of the biodiversity at agricultural heritage sites,the structure and function of the ecosystem and ecological environment in Qingtian Rice-Fish Culture System is examined in the decade since the implementation of the GIAHS project.Through the collection of historical data and sample-plot survey,this study collates the data from 2005 to 2013 related to the heritage site to evaluate the ecological benefit of the Agricultural Heritage System conservation.The results show that:(1)Since the implementation of heritage conservation,the variety of traditional rice grown at the heritage sites basically remains stable,the varieties of other crops basically remain unchanged and the varieties of fruit trees and medicinal plants have developed at faster rates.As the ecological environment at the heritage sites gradually improved,the species and richness of the biodiversity in the ecosystem have increased,especially the increasing growth of egrets and boars.(2)From 2005 to 2013 in the Fangshan Town of Qingtian County,the ecosystem areas identified as river,forest,urban and bare land have increased.The increased area of the urban ecosystem is the largest one of them,which is up to 20.30 ha;while the area of the forest ecosystem has increased to 7.29 ha.The areas of wetland,reservoir,farmland and grassland have been reduced,and the area of grassland ecosystem has been reduced the most with a reduction of 28.87 ha.From the changes in the values of the ecosystem services of different ecosystem types,the values of forest ecosystem services have achieved the most growth,reaching up to 92000 yuan yr-1 and the growth of the river and bare land ecosystem service values are not obvious.(3)Over nearly a decade,the soil nutrients and the water quality of rice fields at the heritage site have not obviously changed and the plant diseases and insect pests in the rice fields have not been aggravated.The monitoring indexes are far better than the standard values.With the great support of the local government,the production and living conditions and the living environments of farmers in the villages of the heritage sites have been greatly improved through road reconstruction,water improvement,toilet enhancements and the greening,brightness and beautification of the villages.
基金Under the auspices of the GEF/FAO project "Conservation and Adaptive Management of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GCP/GLO/212/GEF)"
文摘Worldwide specific agricultural systems and landscapes have been created, shaped and maintained by generations of farmers and herders based on diverse natural resources using locally adapted management practices. Building on local knowledge and experience these ingenious agricultural systems reflect the evolution of humankind, the diversity of its knowledge and its profound relationship with nature. These systems have resulted not only in outstanding landscapes maintenance and adaptation of globally significant agricultural biodiversity indigenous knowledge systems and resilient ecosystems, but above all, in the sustained provision of multiple goods and services, food and livelihood security and quality of life. However, many of these systems are facing severe threats from various sources including globalization. In 2002 FAO initiated an international partnership initiative： ＂conservation and adaptive management of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems （GIAHS）＂. The global GIAHS initiative aims to establish the basis for the international recognition, dynamic conservation and sustainable management of such systems, agricultural biodiversity and their associated biodiversity knowledge systems, food and livelihood security, landscapes and cultures.
基金supported by Rural Development Experiment Research(A Study on the Pliot Model Development for the Ecomuseum as a Rural Heritage,No 11-1543000-000721-01)
文摘Rural heritage that involves agricultural heritage could be critical to enhancing community identity through a conservational approach.The purpose of this research is to develop conservational methods for rural heritage that include agricultural heritage areas through the use of ecomuseums.To conduct the research,we first reviewed the concepts of ecomuseum and rural heritage.Secondly,we defined the concept of the Korean rural ecomuseum by taking into consideration the concept defined by Riviere,Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems（GIAHS）,the rural heritage policy of Europe,and the agricultural heritage systems of Korea.Thirdly,we also describe methods that are applicable to Korean rural ecomuseums,which include type classification and components.Finally,we applied the ecomuseum concept to two pilot models in the Cheongsando and Gurae areas,both Korea Important Agricultural Heritage System（KIAHS） sites.We conclude that it is desirable to expand the range of targets for conservation from agricultural heritage to rural heritage areas.From this point of view,the rural ecomuseum can be a highly valuable tool that can help preserve agricultural heritage sites and neighboring areas.Furthermore,the ecomuseum can enhance community identities,and strengthen local economies.
基金D.Niles in Hangzhou,China at the National Tea Research Institute on 2 November 2015 under the title “GIAHS knowledge:Linking tangible and intangible elements of GIAHS sites”
文摘Agricultural heritage has potential significance far beyond its common representation as the ＂traditional＂ system of ＂traditional peoples＂.The U.N.Food and Agricultural Organization＇s Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems（GIAHS） program is an important designation that treats heritage agro-ecosystems as living systems,rather than cultural relics.In order for the GIAHS designation to achieve its full potential,however,the role of human knowledge within the continuous cultural and ecological evolution of GIAHS requires much closer examination and appreciation.This paper explores the limits of contemporary nature and cultural conservation,and draws on a coevolutionary theoretical framework in order to better conceptualize the dynamism of such complex agro-ecological systems.In such a view,GIAHS can be seen as evolving systems of sustainable agriculture of great potentail relevance to contemporary society-environment challenges,rather than as relics of the past.
