冰湖作为冰川融水主要储蓄载体,能在一定程度延缓区域冰川淡水资源流失,但也为冰湖溃决洪水(Glacial Lake Outburst Floods,GLOFs)、滑坡、泥石流等山地灾害发生提供了孕灾场所,是众多山地冰川灾害链的重要环节。升温、极端气候变化扰动...冰湖作为冰川融水主要储蓄载体,能在一定程度延缓区域冰川淡水资源流失,但也为冰湖溃决洪水(Glacial Lake Outburst Floods,GLOFs)、滑坡、泥石流等山地灾害发生提供了孕灾场所,是众多山地冰川灾害链的重要环节。升温、极端气候变化扰动下,冰川物质亏损/减薄速率进一步加剧,冰湖形态变化速率加快、GLOFs发生频次与规模有所提升、灾害影响效应愈发显著,对高海拔山地冰川区下游居民生命财产和基础设施安全带来潜在风险。鉴于此,本文以冰湖与GLOFs研究为主题,首先,通过冰湖研究文献计量分析确定了近些年研究热点专题;其次,围绕山地冰川冰湖与GLOFs研究的3个主要方向:冰湖与GLOFs遥感监测、冰湖时空演化与冰川变化分析及未来潜在冰湖探测、冰湖灾害风险评估与GLOFs案例研究,遴选10项重要专题内容,分门别类、系统梳理总结、剖析了国内外研究进展,阐述了当下研究存在不足;最后,针对所选专题结合技术发展趋势与研究热点问题,围绕冰湖形态信息与GLOFs智能提取、冰川-冰(前/面)湖系统演化及其气候变化响应关系、冰湖监测预警与灾害防治内容,对未来研究做了一定展望,以期为山地冰川冰湖灾害管理与适应性规划提供借鉴与参考。展开更多
With the global warming,the disasters of Glacier Lake Outburst Flood(GLOF) have taken place frequently in Tibet in recent years and attracted more and more attention.A systematic survey was conducted on the 19 GLOFs i...With the global warming,the disasters of Glacier Lake Outburst Flood(GLOF) have taken place frequently in Tibet in recent years and attracted more and more attention.A systematic survey was conducted on the 19 GLOFs in Tibet to study their two main mechanisms.Investigations indicated that all the events occurred in end-moraine lakes,and the outburst occurred partially and instantly.And the breach had the shape of an arc or a trapezoid in overflow outburst and its top width was 3-5 times more than the height.The two main mechanisms of GLOFs in Tibetan end-moraine Lake were overflow and piping,and the overflow mechanism caused by iceberg collapse was dominated in most cases.A formula was proposed to calculate the critical thickness of iceberg tongue that determines the collapse.Granular analysis of the moraine materials revealed that seepage deformation is crucial in the outburst process.Finally,we conducted a case study of the Guangxiecuo Lake to show its possible process of outburst and estimated the peak discharge of the resulted flood.展开更多
文摘冰湖作为冰川融水主要储蓄载体,能在一定程度延缓区域冰川淡水资源流失,但也为冰湖溃决洪水(Glacial Lake Outburst Floods,GLOFs)、滑坡、泥石流等山地灾害发生提供了孕灾场所,是众多山地冰川灾害链的重要环节。升温、极端气候变化扰动下,冰川物质亏损/减薄速率进一步加剧,冰湖形态变化速率加快、GLOFs发生频次与规模有所提升、灾害影响效应愈发显著,对高海拔山地冰川区下游居民生命财产和基础设施安全带来潜在风险。鉴于此,本文以冰湖与GLOFs研究为主题,首先,通过冰湖研究文献计量分析确定了近些年研究热点专题;其次,围绕山地冰川冰湖与GLOFs研究的3个主要方向:冰湖与GLOFs遥感监测、冰湖时空演化与冰川变化分析及未来潜在冰湖探测、冰湖灾害风险评估与GLOFs案例研究,遴选10项重要专题内容,分门别类、系统梳理总结、剖析了国内外研究进展,阐述了当下研究存在不足;最后,针对所选专题结合技术发展趋势与研究热点问题,围绕冰湖形态信息与GLOFs智能提取、冰川-冰(前/面)湖系统演化及其气候变化响应关系、冰湖监测预警与灾害防治内容,对未来研究做了一定展望,以期为山地冰川冰湖灾害管理与适应性规划提供借鉴与参考。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.41201010)the Technology Project of the Ministry of Transport(Grant No.201231879210)+2 种基金the Directional Projectof IMHE (No.SDS-135-1202-02)Opening Fund of State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection (Grant No.SKLGP2010K003)Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research (Grant NO.IWHR-SKL-201209)
文摘With the global warming,the disasters of Glacier Lake Outburst Flood(GLOF) have taken place frequently in Tibet in recent years and attracted more and more attention.A systematic survey was conducted on the 19 GLOFs in Tibet to study their two main mechanisms.Investigations indicated that all the events occurred in end-moraine lakes,and the outburst occurred partially and instantly.And the breach had the shape of an arc or a trapezoid in overflow outburst and its top width was 3-5 times more than the height.The two main mechanisms of GLOFs in Tibetan end-moraine Lake were overflow and piping,and the overflow mechanism caused by iceberg collapse was dominated in most cases.A formula was proposed to calculate the critical thickness of iceberg tongue that determines the collapse.Granular analysis of the moraine materials revealed that seepage deformation is crucial in the outburst process.Finally,we conducted a case study of the Guangxiecuo Lake to show its possible process of outburst and estimated the peak discharge of the resulted flood.
