目的介绍基于共识选择健康测量工具的标准(consensus-based standards for the selection of health measurement instruments,COSMIN)而改良的定量系统评价证据分级(the grading of recommendations assessment,development and evalua...目的介绍基于共识选择健康测量工具的标准(consensus-based standards for the selection of health measurement instruments,COSMIN)而改良的定量系统评价证据分级(the grading of recommendations assessment,development and evaluation,GRADE)方法,以帮助国内研究者更全面地认识与应用COSMIN评价体系。方法翻译COSMIN用户手册与阅读文献,将COSMIN改良版GRADE方法与传统GRADE法相比较分析。结果COSMIN基于传统GRADE法对其进行个性化改良,针对患者报告结局测量工具的特点更好地调整与说明了评价流程与方法。结论研究者应遵循COSMIN评价体系,规范患者报告结局测量工具系统评价的制作过程,提高研究质量。展开更多
Mass movements are very common problems in the eastern Black Sea region of Turkey due to its climate conditions, geological, and geomorphological characteristics. High slope angle, weathering, dense rainfalls, and ant...Mass movements are very common problems in the eastern Black Sea region of Turkey due to its climate conditions, geological, and geomorphological characteristics. High slope angle, weathering, dense rainfalls, and anthropogenic impacts are generally reported as the most important triggering factors in the region. Following the portal slope excavations in the entrance section of Cankurtaran tunnel, located in the region, where the highly weathered andesitic tuff crops out, a circular toe failure occurred. The main target of the present study is to investigate the causes and occurrence mechanism of this failure and to determine the feasible remedial measures against it using finite element method(FEM) in four stages. These stages are slope stability analyses for pre-and postexcavation cases, and remediation design assessments for slope and tunnel. The results of the FEM-SSR analyses indicated that the insufficient initial support design and weathering of the andesitic tuffs are the main factors that caused the portal failure. After installing a rock retaining wall with jet grout columns and reinforced slope benching applications, the factor of safety increased from 0.83 to 2.80. In addition toslope stability evaluation, the Rock Mass Rating(RMR), Rock Mass Quality(Q) and New Austrian Tunneling Method(NATM) systems were also utilized as empirical methods to characterize the tunnel ground and to determine the tunnel support design. The performance of the suggested empirical support design, induced stress distributions and deformations were analyzed by means of numerical modelling. Finally, it was concluded that the recommended stabilization technique was essential for the dynamic long-term stability and prevents the effects of failure. Additionally, the FEM method gives useful and reasonably reliable results in evaluating the stability of cut slopes and tunnels excavated both in continuous and discontinuous rock masses.展开更多
文摘目的介绍基于共识选择健康测量工具的标准(consensus-based standards for the selection of health measurement instruments,COSMIN)而改良的定量系统评价证据分级(the grading of recommendations assessment,development and evaluation,GRADE)方法,以帮助国内研究者更全面地认识与应用COSMIN评价体系。方法翻译COSMIN用户手册与阅读文献,将COSMIN改良版GRADE方法与传统GRADE法相比较分析。结果COSMIN基于传统GRADE法对其进行个性化改良,针对患者报告结局测量工具的特点更好地调整与说明了评价流程与方法。结论研究者应遵循COSMIN评价体系,规范患者报告结局测量工具系统评价的制作过程,提高研究质量。
文摘Mass movements are very common problems in the eastern Black Sea region of Turkey due to its climate conditions, geological, and geomorphological characteristics. High slope angle, weathering, dense rainfalls, and anthropogenic impacts are generally reported as the most important triggering factors in the region. Following the portal slope excavations in the entrance section of Cankurtaran tunnel, located in the region, where the highly weathered andesitic tuff crops out, a circular toe failure occurred. The main target of the present study is to investigate the causes and occurrence mechanism of this failure and to determine the feasible remedial measures against it using finite element method(FEM) in four stages. These stages are slope stability analyses for pre-and postexcavation cases, and remediation design assessments for slope and tunnel. The results of the FEM-SSR analyses indicated that the insufficient initial support design and weathering of the andesitic tuffs are the main factors that caused the portal failure. After installing a rock retaining wall with jet grout columns and reinforced slope benching applications, the factor of safety increased from 0.83 to 2.80. In addition toslope stability evaluation, the Rock Mass Rating(RMR), Rock Mass Quality(Q) and New Austrian Tunneling Method(NATM) systems were also utilized as empirical methods to characterize the tunnel ground and to determine the tunnel support design. The performance of the suggested empirical support design, induced stress distributions and deformations were analyzed by means of numerical modelling. Finally, it was concluded that the recommended stabilization technique was essential for the dynamic long-term stability and prevents the effects of failure. Additionally, the FEM method gives useful and reasonably reliable results in evaluating the stability of cut slopes and tunnels excavated both in continuous and discontinuous rock masses.
