In reverse water gas shift （RWGS） reaction COa is converted to CO which in turn can be used to pro- duce beneficial chemicals such as methanol. In the present study, Mo/AlaO3, Fe/AlaO3 and Fe-Mo/Al2O3 catalysts were...In reverse water gas shift （RWGS） reaction COa is converted to CO which in turn can be used to pro- duce beneficial chemicals such as methanol. In the present study, Mo/AlaO3, Fe/AlaO3 and Fe-Mo/Al2O3 catalysts were synthesised using impregnation method. The structures of catalysts were studied using X-ray diffraction （XRD）, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller （BET） method, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer （ICP-AES）, temperature programmed reduction （H2-TPR）, CO chemisorption, energy dispersive X-ray （EDX） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM） techniques. Kinetic properties of all catalysts were investigated in a batch re- actor for RWGS reaction. The results indicated that Mo existence in structure of Fe-Mo/AlzO3 catalyst enhances its activity as compared to Fe/AlaO3. This enhancement is probably due to better Fe dispersion and smaller particle size of Fe species. Stability test of Fe-Mo/AlzO3 catalyst was carried out in a fixed bed reactor and a high CO yield for 60 h of time on stream was demonstrated. Fez（MoO4）3 phase was found in the structures of fresh and used catalysts. TPR results also indicate that Fez（MoO4）3 phase has low reducibility, therefore the Fe2（MoO4）3 phase significantly inhibits the reduction of the remaining Fe oxides in the catalyst, resulted in high stability of Fe-Mo/Al2O3 catalyst. Overall, this study introduces Fe-Mo/Al2O3 as a novel catalyst with high CO yield, almost no by-products and fairly stable for RWGS reaction.展开更多
The effect of dolomite with different particle size fractions on hematite flotation was studied using sodium oleate as collector at p H of about 9. The effect mechanism of dolomite on hematite flotation was investigat...The effect of dolomite with different particle size fractions on hematite flotation was studied using sodium oleate as collector at p H of about 9. The effect mechanism of dolomite on hematite flotation was investigated by means of solution chemistry, ultraviolet spectrophotometry(UV), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry(ICP-AES) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS). It is observed that dolomite with different size fractions has depressing effect on hematite flotation using sodium oleate as collector, and dolomite could be the "mineral depressant" of hematite using sodium oleate as collector. The reasons for that are concerned with sodium oleate consumption and the adsorption onto hematite of dissolved species of dolomite.展开更多
A series of tungsten-substituted molybdophosphoric acids(H3PMo12-nWnO40·xH2O) were synthesized and characterized by inductive coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy(ICPAES),thermal gravimetry and differentia...A series of tungsten-substituted molybdophosphoric acids(H3PMo12-nWnO40·xH2O) were synthesized and characterized by inductive coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy(ICPAES),thermal gravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry(TG-DSC),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),X-ray diffraction(XRD),and FTIR pyridine adsorption.The as-prepared heteropoly acids have a Keggin type structure.The synthesis of tetrahydrofuran by reactive distillation and cyclodehydration of 1,4-butanediol was studied using the tungsten-substituted molybdophosphoric acids as catalysts.The results of catalytic test indicated that the catalytic activity increased with the increase in the substitution number(n) of tungsten atom in H3PMo12-nWnO40·xH2O and was constant as the substitution number(n) was more than 8.The catalytic activity increased with the increase in the catalyst loading and the selectivity of tetrahydrofuran was nearly 100%.展开更多
The values of GΘ,EΘ or pH from 110 to 160℃ were calculated and the relevant potential expressions were obtained.E-pH diagrams of ZnS-H2O system at oxygen partial pressure of 0.8 MPa,ionic activity of 1.0 and differ...The values of GΘ,EΘ or pH from 110 to 160℃ were calculated and the relevant potential expressions were obtained.E-pH diagrams of ZnS-H2O system at oxygen partial pressure of 0.8 MPa,ionic activity of 1.0 and different temperatures were drawn through thermodynamical calculation.With the temperature increasing,the stable regions of S and Zn(Ⅱ) in the E-pH diagrams become gradually larger,but the amplification decreases over 150℃.The impacts of leaching parameters,such as temperature,liquid to solid ratio,initial acidic concentration,leaching time,oxygen partial pressure and stirring speed on the leaching rate of Zn(Ⅱ) and conversion rate of S in the single factor of high pressure leaching experiment of ZnS in autoclave,were studied.The leaching residue was examined by X-ray fluorescence(XRF) chemical composition identification and X-ray diffraction(XRD) phase identification,and the content of the leaching solution was tested by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry(ICP).The experimental results indicate that the leaching rate of zinc increases from 60.05% to 97.85% and the conversion rate of sulfur increases from 38.90% to 80.92% with the temperature increasing from 110℃ to 150℃,5:1 of liquid-to-solid ratio,150 g/L of initial acidic concentration,120 min of leaching time,0.8 MPa of oxygen partial pressure,and 480 r/min of stirring speed,which tend to be stable over 150℃.The experimental results correspond with theoretical calculation.展开更多
Concentration of heavy metals in blood and urine of rabbit after inhaling three different kinds of cigarette was studied through the animal passive smoking pattern. The samples were prepared by nitric acid solution di...Concentration of heavy metals in blood and urine of rabbit after inhaling three different kinds of cigarette was studied through the animal passive smoking pattern. The samples were prepared by nitric acid solution digestion and determination of seven kinds of heavy metals including Hg, Se, Sn, Pb, Cd, Ni and Cr was performed by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry （ICP-AES）. The ICP-AES method was established with good precision and accuracy, relative standard deviation （n=6） was between 2.9% and 5.9%, and the recovery was in the range of 95.0%-104.2%. Concentration of six heavy metals increases in some extent in blood and urine after period of smoking and the increasing of heavy metals in blood and urine all shows time dependence. Significantly higher heavy metal levels are observed in the blood and urine of the cigarette inhaling rabbits in the exposed group. The concentration of six kinds of heavy metals in the blood of the rabbit increases after 16 weeks exposing to cigarette smoking. Three times of rig, ten times of Se and trace amount ofPb, Cd, Ni and Cr are detected in the blood after 16 weeks of smoking. For urine samples, about three times of Hg, two times of Se, five times of Pb and trace amount of Cd are detected after 16 weeks of inhalation of cigarette. Comparatively, higher concentration of heavy metals are detected after inhaling of Nise cigarette.展开更多
The effects of Fe2+ on the trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) demethylating activity of the Harpadon nehereus kidney extract were studied in this research.The activity of the kidney extract was presumably inhibited by ethy...The effects of Fe2+ on the trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) demethylating activity of the Harpadon nehereus kidney extract were studied in this research.The activity of the kidney extract was presumably inhibited by ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA),which indicates that the kidney extract contains an enzyme or enzyme system with metal cations as activator.Activity of the kidney extract was enhanced significantly when Fe2+ was added into the model system in vitro.As the concentration of Fe2+ increased,the decomposing rate of TMAO increased rapidly until TMAO decomposed completely.The activity of the kidney extract was also enhanced by reductant such as ascorbic acid.Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) was employed to determine the content of total iron in a number of fishery products.Significant positive correlation between the contents of total iron and endogenous formaldehyde (FA) was found,especially in marine products.展开更多
Zn2GeO4 nanorods were prepared by a surfactant-assisted solution phase route.The as-prepared products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),high-resolution transmission ...Zn2GeO4 nanorods were prepared by a surfactant-assisted solution phase route.The as-prepared products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM),inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer(ICP-AES),UV-vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy and photoluminescence(PL) spectroscopy.The possible formation mechanism of Zn2GeO4 nanorods was discussed.It was supposed that the CTA+ cations preferentially adsorb on the planes of Zn2GeO4 nanorods,leading to preferential growth along the c-axis to form the Zn2GeO4 rods with larger aspect ratio and higher surface area,which showed the improved photocatalytic activity for photoreduction of CO2.The photoluminescence(PL) property of Zn2GeO4 nanorods was investigated through the emission spectra.展开更多
This study investigated the adsorption ability of ZCHC （zeolite/chitosan hybrid composite） as adsorbent for chromium （Cr（Ⅵ））, ZCHC was prepared with sol-gel method by mixing zeolite and chitosan. Adsorption exp...This study investigated the adsorption ability of ZCHC （zeolite/chitosan hybrid composite） as adsorbent for chromium （Cr（Ⅵ））, ZCHC was prepared with sol-gel method by mixing zeolite and chitosan. Adsorption experiment from aqueous solutions containing known amount of Cr（Ⅵ） using zeolite, chitosan and ZCHC was explored to evaluate the efficiency of ZCHC as adsorbent for Cr in a batch system. The amount of Cr（Ⅵ） adsorbed at different pH values, initial concentrations, adsorbent dosages, and contact times were determined by ICP-AES （inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry） in order to determine the optimum conditions for Cr（Ⅵ） adsorption. Furthermore, the adsorption mechanism of Cr（Ⅵ） by zeolite, chitosan and ZCHC was investigated by applying Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm equations to the data obtained. In addition, the rates of adsorption were found to conform to pseudo-second order kinetics.展开更多
This paper reported the results of the determination of Ag, A1, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, Sr and Zn in Common Chanterelles （Cantharellus cibarius） Fr. and surface soil layer （o-io cm...This paper reported the results of the determination of Ag, A1, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, Sr and Zn in Common Chanterelles （Cantharellus cibarius） Fr. and surface soil layer （o-io cm） underneath the fruiting bodies. Mushrooms and soils were collected from a lowland site in the Hel Peninsula （Baltic Sea coast） and a high mountain site in the Tatra Mountains. The trace elements were determined using validated method and inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectroscopy （ICP-AES）. Common Chanterelles that emerged at sites poor in mineral nutrients podzols of the Hel Peninsula forests efficiently bioeoncentrated several essential trace elements （K, P, Co, Cu, Mn, Na, Zn）, while the abundance of those elements in carpophores was around half less compared to specimens from Zakopane region and which emerged in soils much richer in minerals. Common Chanterelles collected at two spatially distant background areas in Poland were only weakly contaminated with metals such as Ag, Cd, Hg and Pb. The maximum tolerable Cd and Pb contents of certain cultivated mushrooms are regulated in the European Union by law and these hazardous metals in C. cibarius were far below tolerance limits set.展开更多
Cadmium （Cd） concentrations in the water extracts of ten contaminated soils by arsenic （As） with various iron （Fe） contents were measured using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry （ICP-AES）...Cadmium （Cd） concentrations in the water extracts of ten contaminated soils by arsenic （As） with various iron （Fe） contents were measured using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry （ICP-AES） and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry （ETAAS）, Due to the potential spectral interferences of As and Fe in the quantification of Cd, two methods were used for the background compensation. The first method was based on the use of a deuterium lamp （BGCD2 mode）. The second one required a Cd hollow cathode lamp pulsated with a current for which the intensity varies in the course of time （BGCSR mode）. The results showed that the choices of the analytical technique and the method used for the background compensation depend on the Cd, As and Fe concentrations in the solution and the concentration ratios As/Cd or/and Fe/Cd. In comparison with the ICP-AES and the ETAAS in combination with the BGCD2 mode, it was shown that the high-speed self-reversal method （HSSR） was a more appropriate method to correct As and Fe spectral interferences during the Cd measurements. On the other hand, depending on the Cd concentration, it was established that no significant Fe interference occurred during the Cd determination even if Fe concentration was 50 mg/L, reflecting the efficiency of the HSSR method to overcome the Fe interferences in the determination of Cd concentration by ETAAS without any matrix modifier in water extracts.展开更多
In this study, the water-based ferromagnetic fluid and magnetic resin made from chitosan and cerium complex （MRCCC） were successfully prepared by using the chemical co-precipitation technique and by the reversed-pha...In this study, the water-based ferromagnetic fluid and magnetic resin made from chitosan and cerium complex （MRCCC） were successfully prepared by using the chemical co-precipitation technique and by the reversed-phase suspension cross-linking polymerization. MRCCC presented uniform and narrow panicle size distribution as determined by the Laser Panicles Sizer. The Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry （ICP-AES）, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FT-IR）, differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） and X-ray powder diffraction （XRD） study demonstrated that there were iron and cerium existing in MRCCC. The movement of MRCCC under magnetic field proved its magnetic property. The swelling kinetics in water or solutions with different pH indicated that MRCCC could be applied in solutions with pH greater than 1.0. The ferromagnetic fluid particles were stable in MRCCC soaked in solutions with pH 〉2.0. In view of these results, MRCCC can be used as material for separation, clarification, adsorption, sustained release and hydrolysis activity.展开更多
The dissolution behavior of CaO-MgO-SiO2 glass fiber was investigated by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer （FTIR） and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrosco...The dissolution behavior of CaO-MgO-SiO2 glass fiber was investigated by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer （FTIR） and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy （ICP-AES） using in-vitro tests. The results show that the soaked fiber is surrounded by an outer calcium-magnesium silicate hydrated layer, and there exists a balancing fimction between the formation and abscission of the hydrated layer during the dissolution process. The concentrations of leached ions increase constantly, and the mass loss of the fibers and pH changes of the solution are found to rise rapidly during the initial dissolution process, then their increasing rates are controlled by the balancing function of the hydrated layer at the subsequent dissolution stages. The dissolution rate constant and time for complete dissolution are estimated to be 274 ng/（cm2.h） and 15.2 d, respectively, presenting preferable biosolubilities.展开更多
Sediment samples obtained from the South Mid-Atlantic Ridge were analyzed for the major and trace elements by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. R...Sediment samples obtained from the South Mid-Atlantic Ridge were analyzed for the major and trace elements by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Results revealed that the contents of elements(e.g., Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, V, Co) were high in samples 22V-TVG10 and 26V-TVG05 from the sites near the hydrothermal areas, and low in sample 22V-TVG14, which was collected far from the hydrothermal areas. The contents of Ca, Sr and Ba in the samples showed opposite trends. A positive correlation between the concentrations of metallic elements(Cu, Zn, Co, Ni, Pb, V) and Fe in the samples were observed. These results are consistent with chemical evolution of the dispersing hydrothermal plume.展开更多
A large scale pig farm located in the North West of Beijing that applies the gan qing fen manure management system was selected and a continuous sampling of manures and wastewaters was performed from June to October 2...A large scale pig farm located in the North West of Beijing that applies the gan qing fen manure management system was selected and a continuous sampling of manures and wastewaters was performed from June to October 2009. Samples were collected once a week based on the pig production cycle, namely gestation, farrowing, weaning and fattening. Analysis of nutrients and heavy metals were determined by means of Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy （ICP）. Total Nitrogen （TN） was determined by the Kjeldahl method. The main results showed that pig manures were characterized by high nutrients and heavy metals contents that might be due to the solid fraction separation from the liquid fraction under the gan qing fen manure management system. Further, piggery wastewaters were characterized by very low concentrations of nutrients and heavy metals as result of their dilution with flushing water mainly used for cleaning the pigsties. Manure and wastewaters samples from weaning pigs contained the highest concentrations of nutrients and heavy metals that could be due to high supplementation rates of these minerals in the weaner diets. In general, it seems that the manual daily collection of pig manures in the gan qing fen system is an efficient practice in order to maintain nutrient contents in pig manures but the use of flushing water should be reduced as it can lead to further environmental pollution.展开更多
By using the method of eigenvectors, the atomic populations and emission spectrum are investigated in a system that consists of a cascade three-level atom resonantly interacting with a single-mode tield in a Kerr-like...By using the method of eigenvectors, the atomic populations and emission spectrum are investigated in a system that consists of a cascade three-level atom resonantly interacting with a single-mode tield in a Kerr-like medium. The atom and the field are assumed to be initially in the upper atomic state and the Fock state, respectively. Results for models with intensity-dependent coupling and with intensity-independent coupling are compared. It is found that both population dynamics and emission spectrum show no indications of atom-field decoupling in the strong field limit if the intensity-dependent coupling is taken into account.展开更多
Heavy metal determination was carried out by applying the solid phase extraction （SPE） method in batch mode followed by atomic absorption spectroscopy （AAS） and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrosc...Heavy metal determination was carried out by applying the solid phase extraction （SPE） method in batch mode followed by atomic absorption spectroscopy （AAS） and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrosco py （ICP-AES） from aqueous solutions using Ghezeljeh montmorillonite nanoclay as a new natural adsorbent. The Ghezeljeh clay is characterized by using Fourier Transform Infrared （FT-IR） Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Mi- croscopy-Energy Dispersive Spectrometry （SEM-EDS） and X-ray Diffractometry （XRD） and X-ray Fluorescence （XRF）. The results of XRD and FT-IR of nanoclay confirm that montmorillonite is the dominant mineral phase. Based on SEM images of Ghezeljeh clay, it can be seen that the distance between the plates is Nano. The effects of varying parameters such as initial concentration of metal ions, pH and type of buffer solutions, amount of ad- sorbent, contact time, and temperature on the adsorption process were examined. The effect of various interfer- ing ions was studied. The adsorption data correlated with Freundlich, Langmuir, Dubinin-Radushkevich （D-R）, and Temkin isotherms. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms showed the best fit to the equilibrium data for Hg（II）, but the equilibrium nature of Cu（ll） adsorption has been described by the Langmuir isotherm. The kinetic data were described with pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and double-exponential models, The adsorp- tion process follows a pseudo-second-order reaction scheme, Calculation of AGσ, △Hσ and ASσ showed that tilenature of Hg（II） ion sorption onto the Ghezeljeh nanoclay was endothermic and was favored at higher temper- attire, and the nature of Cu（II） ion sorption was exothermic and was favored at lower temperature,展开更多
基金Supported by the Iranian Nano Technology Initiative Council and Petroleum University of Technology
文摘In reverse water gas shift （RWGS） reaction COa is converted to CO which in turn can be used to pro- duce beneficial chemicals such as methanol. In the present study, Mo/AlaO3, Fe/AlaO3 and Fe-Mo/Al2O3 catalysts were synthesised using impregnation method. The structures of catalysts were studied using X-ray diffraction （XRD）, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller （BET） method, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer （ICP-AES）, temperature programmed reduction （H2-TPR）, CO chemisorption, energy dispersive X-ray （EDX） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM） techniques. Kinetic properties of all catalysts were investigated in a batch re- actor for RWGS reaction. The results indicated that Mo existence in structure of Fe-Mo/AlzO3 catalyst enhances its activity as compared to Fe/AlaO3. This enhancement is probably due to better Fe dispersion and smaller particle size of Fe species. Stability test of Fe-Mo/AlzO3 catalyst was carried out in a fixed bed reactor and a high CO yield for 60 h of time on stream was demonstrated. Fez（MoO4）3 phase was found in the structures of fresh and used catalysts. TPR results also indicate that Fez（MoO4）3 phase has low reducibility, therefore the Fe2（MoO4）3 phase significantly inhibits the reduction of the remaining Fe oxides in the catalyst, resulted in high stability of Fe-Mo/Al2O3 catalyst. Overall, this study introduces Fe-Mo/Al2O3 as a novel catalyst with high CO yield, almost no by-products and fairly stable for RWGS reaction.
基金Project(51374079)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(KKSY201521031)supported by Talent Cultivation Foundation of Kunming University of Science and Technology,ChinaProject(2015Y067)supported by Foundation of Yunnan Educational Committee,China
文摘The effect of dolomite with different particle size fractions on hematite flotation was studied using sodium oleate as collector at p H of about 9. The effect mechanism of dolomite on hematite flotation was investigated by means of solution chemistry, ultraviolet spectrophotometry(UV), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry(ICP-AES) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS). It is observed that dolomite with different size fractions has depressing effect on hematite flotation using sodium oleate as collector, and dolomite could be the "mineral depressant" of hematite using sodium oleate as collector. The reasons for that are concerned with sodium oleate consumption and the adsorption onto hematite of dissolved species of dolomite.
基金Supported by Research Funds from Chinese Education Department (2003406)Bureau of Science and Technology of Jiangsu Province (BG2006025)
文摘A series of tungsten-substituted molybdophosphoric acids(H3PMo12-nWnO40·xH2O) were synthesized and characterized by inductive coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy(ICPAES),thermal gravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry(TG-DSC),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),X-ray diffraction(XRD),and FTIR pyridine adsorption.The as-prepared heteropoly acids have a Keggin type structure.The synthesis of tetrahydrofuran by reactive distillation and cyclodehydration of 1,4-butanediol was studied using the tungsten-substituted molybdophosphoric acids as catalysts.The results of catalytic test indicated that the catalytic activity increased with the increase in the substitution number(n) of tungsten atom in H3PMo12-nWnO40·xH2O and was constant as the substitution number(n) was more than 8.The catalytic activity increased with the increase in the catalyst loading and the selectivity of tetrahydrofuran was nearly 100%.
基金Project (2007CB613504) supported by the National Basic Research Program of ChinaProject(20050145029) supported by the PhD Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of ChinaProject(2005221012) supported by the Science and Technology Talents Fund for Excellent Youth of Liaoning Province, China
文摘The values of GΘ,EΘ or pH from 110 to 160℃ were calculated and the relevant potential expressions were obtained.E-pH diagrams of ZnS-H2O system at oxygen partial pressure of 0.8 MPa,ionic activity of 1.0 and different temperatures were drawn through thermodynamical calculation.With the temperature increasing,the stable regions of S and Zn(Ⅱ) in the E-pH diagrams become gradually larger,but the amplification decreases over 150℃.The impacts of leaching parameters,such as temperature,liquid to solid ratio,initial acidic concentration,leaching time,oxygen partial pressure and stirring speed on the leaching rate of Zn(Ⅱ) and conversion rate of S in the single factor of high pressure leaching experiment of ZnS in autoclave,were studied.The leaching residue was examined by X-ray fluorescence(XRF) chemical composition identification and X-ray diffraction(XRD) phase identification,and the content of the leaching solution was tested by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry(ICP).The experimental results indicate that the leaching rate of zinc increases from 60.05% to 97.85% and the conversion rate of sulfur increases from 38.90% to 80.92% with the temperature increasing from 110℃ to 150℃,5:1 of liquid-to-solid ratio,150 g/L of initial acidic concentration,120 min of leaching time,0.8 MPa of oxygen partial pressure,and 480 r/min of stirring speed,which tend to be stable over 150℃.The experimental results correspond with theoretical calculation.
基金Project(11JJ5053) supported by the Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China
文摘Concentration of heavy metals in blood and urine of rabbit after inhaling three different kinds of cigarette was studied through the animal passive smoking pattern. The samples were prepared by nitric acid solution digestion and determination of seven kinds of heavy metals including Hg, Se, Sn, Pb, Cd, Ni and Cr was performed by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry （ICP-AES）. The ICP-AES method was established with good precision and accuracy, relative standard deviation （n=6） was between 2.9% and 5.9%, and the recovery was in the range of 95.0%-104.2%. Concentration of six heavy metals increases in some extent in blood and urine after period of smoking and the increasing of heavy metals in blood and urine all shows time dependence. Significantly higher heavy metal levels are observed in the blood and urine of the cigarette inhaling rabbits in the exposed group. The concentration of six kinds of heavy metals in the blood of the rabbit increases after 16 weeks exposing to cigarette smoking. Three times of rig, ten times of Se and trace amount ofPb, Cd, Ni and Cr are detected in the blood after 16 weeks of smoking. For urine samples, about three times of Hg, two times of Se, five times of Pb and trace amount of Cd are detected after 16 weeks of inhalation of cigarette. Comparatively, higher concentration of heavy metals are detected after inhaling of Nise cigarette.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30871949)
文摘The effects of Fe2+ on the trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) demethylating activity of the Harpadon nehereus kidney extract were studied in this research.The activity of the kidney extract was presumably inhibited by ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA),which indicates that the kidney extract contains an enzyme or enzyme system with metal cations as activator.Activity of the kidney extract was enhanced significantly when Fe2+ was added into the model system in vitro.As the concentration of Fe2+ increased,the decomposing rate of TMAO increased rapidly until TMAO decomposed completely.The activity of the kidney extract was also enhanced by reductant such as ascorbic acid.Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) was employed to determine the content of total iron in a number of fishery products.Significant positive correlation between the contents of total iron and endogenous formaldehyde (FA) was found,especially in marine products.
基金Project(51208102)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Zn2GeO4 nanorods were prepared by a surfactant-assisted solution phase route.The as-prepared products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM),inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer(ICP-AES),UV-vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy and photoluminescence(PL) spectroscopy.The possible formation mechanism of Zn2GeO4 nanorods was discussed.It was supposed that the CTA+ cations preferentially adsorb on the planes of Zn2GeO4 nanorods,leading to preferential growth along the c-axis to form the Zn2GeO4 rods with larger aspect ratio and higher surface area,which showed the improved photocatalytic activity for photoreduction of CO2.The photoluminescence(PL) property of Zn2GeO4 nanorods was investigated through the emission spectra.
文摘This study investigated the adsorption ability of ZCHC （zeolite/chitosan hybrid composite） as adsorbent for chromium （Cr（Ⅵ））, ZCHC was prepared with sol-gel method by mixing zeolite and chitosan. Adsorption experiment from aqueous solutions containing known amount of Cr（Ⅵ） using zeolite, chitosan and ZCHC was explored to evaluate the efficiency of ZCHC as adsorbent for Cr in a batch system. The amount of Cr（Ⅵ） adsorbed at different pH values, initial concentrations, adsorbent dosages, and contact times were determined by ICP-AES （inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry） in order to determine the optimum conditions for Cr（Ⅵ） adsorption. Furthermore, the adsorption mechanism of Cr（Ⅵ） by zeolite, chitosan and ZCHC was investigated by applying Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm equations to the data obtained. In addition, the rates of adsorption were found to conform to pseudo-second order kinetics.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Poland (Grant No.DS-8130-4-0092-1)in part by Chinese Academy of Science (Grant No 2010T1Z26)
文摘This paper reported the results of the determination of Ag, A1, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, Sr and Zn in Common Chanterelles （Cantharellus cibarius） Fr. and surface soil layer （o-io cm） underneath the fruiting bodies. Mushrooms and soils were collected from a lowland site in the Hel Peninsula （Baltic Sea coast） and a high mountain site in the Tatra Mountains. The trace elements were determined using validated method and inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectroscopy （ICP-AES）. Common Chanterelles that emerged at sites poor in mineral nutrients podzols of the Hel Peninsula forests efficiently bioeoncentrated several essential trace elements （K, P, Co, Cu, Mn, Na, Zn）, while the abundance of those elements in carpophores was around half less compared to specimens from Zakopane region and which emerged in soils much richer in minerals. Common Chanterelles collected at two spatially distant background areas in Poland were only weakly contaminated with metals such as Ag, Cd, Hg and Pb. The maximum tolerable Cd and Pb contents of certain cultivated mushrooms are regulated in the European Union by law and these hazardous metals in C. cibarius were far below tolerance limits set.
文摘Cadmium （Cd） concentrations in the water extracts of ten contaminated soils by arsenic （As） with various iron （Fe） contents were measured using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry （ICP-AES） and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry （ETAAS）, Due to the potential spectral interferences of As and Fe in the quantification of Cd, two methods were used for the background compensation. The first method was based on the use of a deuterium lamp （BGCD2 mode）. The second one required a Cd hollow cathode lamp pulsated with a current for which the intensity varies in the course of time （BGCSR mode）. The results showed that the choices of the analytical technique and the method used for the background compensation depend on the Cd, As and Fe concentrations in the solution and the concentration ratios As/Cd or/and Fe/Cd. In comparison with the ICP-AES and the ETAAS in combination with the BGCD2 mode, it was shown that the high-speed self-reversal method （HSSR） was a more appropriate method to correct As and Fe spectral interferences during the Cd measurements. On the other hand, depending on the Cd concentration, it was established that no significant Fe interference occurred during the Cd determination even if Fe concentration was 50 mg/L, reflecting the efficiency of the HSSR method to overcome the Fe interferences in the determination of Cd concentration by ETAAS without any matrix modifier in water extracts.
基金supported by the Key Projects in the National Science and Technology Pillar Program during the Eleventh Five-year Plan Period(No.2008BA-D94B09)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30972289)
文摘In this study, the water-based ferromagnetic fluid and magnetic resin made from chitosan and cerium complex （MRCCC） were successfully prepared by using the chemical co-precipitation technique and by the reversed-phase suspension cross-linking polymerization. MRCCC presented uniform and narrow panicle size distribution as determined by the Laser Panicles Sizer. The Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry （ICP-AES）, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FT-IR）, differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） and X-ray powder diffraction （XRD） study demonstrated that there were iron and cerium existing in MRCCC. The movement of MRCCC under magnetic field proved its magnetic property. The swelling kinetics in water or solutions with different pH indicated that MRCCC could be applied in solutions with pH greater than 1.0. The ferromagnetic fluid particles were stable in MRCCC soaked in solutions with pH 〉2.0. In view of these results, MRCCC can be used as material for separation, clarification, adsorption, sustained release and hydrolysis activity.
基金Projects(50872098, 51004080) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(B0903) supported by the Opening Fund of Research Center of Green Manufacturing and Energy-saving & Emission Reduction Technology of Wuhan University of Science and Technology, China
文摘The dissolution behavior of CaO-MgO-SiO2 glass fiber was investigated by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer （FTIR） and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy （ICP-AES） using in-vitro tests. The results show that the soaked fiber is surrounded by an outer calcium-magnesium silicate hydrated layer, and there exists a balancing fimction between the formation and abscission of the hydrated layer during the dissolution process. The concentrations of leached ions increase constantly, and the mass loss of the fibers and pH changes of the solution are found to rise rapidly during the initial dissolution process, then their increasing rates are controlled by the balancing function of the hydrated layer at the subsequent dissolution stages. The dissolution rate constant and time for complete dissolution are estimated to be 274 ng/（cm2.h） and 15.2 d, respectively, presenting preferable biosolubilities.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41306053)the Open Fund of the Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nos. MGE 2015KG04 and MGE2015KG01)+2 种基金the Open Fund of the Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences, State Oceanic Administration, People’s Republic of China (No. KSLG 1503)the Special Fund for the Taishan Scholar Program of Shandong Province (No. ts201511061)The authors would like to thank the crews of the COMRA cruises (DY115-22 and DY115-26)
文摘Sediment samples obtained from the South Mid-Atlantic Ridge were analyzed for the major and trace elements by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Results revealed that the contents of elements(e.g., Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, V, Co) were high in samples 22V-TVG10 and 26V-TVG05 from the sites near the hydrothermal areas, and low in sample 22V-TVG14, which was collected far from the hydrothermal areas. The contents of Ca, Sr and Ba in the samples showed opposite trends. A positive correlation between the concentrations of metallic elements(Cu, Zn, Co, Ni, Pb, V) and Fe in the samples were observed. These results are consistent with chemical evolution of the dispersing hydrothermal plume.
文摘A large scale pig farm located in the North West of Beijing that applies the gan qing fen manure management system was selected and a continuous sampling of manures and wastewaters was performed from June to October 2009. Samples were collected once a week based on the pig production cycle, namely gestation, farrowing, weaning and fattening. Analysis of nutrients and heavy metals were determined by means of Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy （ICP）. Total Nitrogen （TN） was determined by the Kjeldahl method. The main results showed that pig manures were characterized by high nutrients and heavy metals contents that might be due to the solid fraction separation from the liquid fraction under the gan qing fen manure management system. Further, piggery wastewaters were characterized by very low concentrations of nutrients and heavy metals as result of their dilution with flushing water mainly used for cleaning the pigsties. Manure and wastewaters samples from weaning pigs contained the highest concentrations of nutrients and heavy metals that could be due to high supplementation rates of these minerals in the weaner diets. In general, it seems that the manual daily collection of pig manures in the gan qing fen system is an efficient practice in order to maintain nutrient contents in pig manures but the use of flushing water should be reduced as it can lead to further environmental pollution.
基金The project supported by the ‘Qing Lan＇ project of Jiangsu Province of China under Grant No. 2005SL002J
文摘By using the method of eigenvectors, the atomic populations and emission spectrum are investigated in a system that consists of a cascade three-level atom resonantly interacting with a single-mode tield in a Kerr-like medium. The atom and the field are assumed to be initially in the upper atomic state and the Fock state, respectively. Results for models with intensity-dependent coupling and with intensity-independent coupling are compared. It is found that both population dynamics and emission spectrum show no indications of atom-field decoupling in the strong field limit if the intensity-dependent coupling is taken into account.
基金financial support for this work by the Imam Khomeini International University (IKIU)Mines and Mining Industries Development and Renovation Organization of Iran (IMIDRO)
文摘Heavy metal determination was carried out by applying the solid phase extraction （SPE） method in batch mode followed by atomic absorption spectroscopy （AAS） and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrosco py （ICP-AES） from aqueous solutions using Ghezeljeh montmorillonite nanoclay as a new natural adsorbent. The Ghezeljeh clay is characterized by using Fourier Transform Infrared （FT-IR） Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Mi- croscopy-Energy Dispersive Spectrometry （SEM-EDS） and X-ray Diffractometry （XRD） and X-ray Fluorescence （XRF）. The results of XRD and FT-IR of nanoclay confirm that montmorillonite is the dominant mineral phase. Based on SEM images of Ghezeljeh clay, it can be seen that the distance between the plates is Nano. The effects of varying parameters such as initial concentration of metal ions, pH and type of buffer solutions, amount of ad- sorbent, contact time, and temperature on the adsorption process were examined. The effect of various interfer- ing ions was studied. The adsorption data correlated with Freundlich, Langmuir, Dubinin-Radushkevich （D-R）, and Temkin isotherms. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms showed the best fit to the equilibrium data for Hg（II）, but the equilibrium nature of Cu（ll） adsorption has been described by the Langmuir isotherm. The kinetic data were described with pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and double-exponential models, The adsorp- tion process follows a pseudo-second-order reaction scheme, Calculation of AGσ, △Hσ and ASσ showed that tilenature of Hg（II） ion sorption onto the Ghezeljeh nanoclay was endothermic and was favored at higher temper- attire, and the nature of Cu（II） ion sorption was exothermic and was favored at lower temperature,
